121. CRYSYS: Glaciers In Canada - CRYSYS - CRYosphere SYStem In Canada - [Meteorologi glaciers are an important part of the Canadian landscape, as Canada’s surface In certain parts of Canada glaciers also play a key role in supplying http://www.msc.ec.gc.ca/crysys/education/glaciers/glaciers_edu_e.cfm

CRYSYS - CRYosphere SYStem in Canada MSC EC GC GLACIERS IN CANADA GLACIERS AND CLIMATE View D Figure 1 : Graph showing the retreat of the Athabasca and Saskatchewan glaciers since 1700 (M. Brugman). Since the end of the Little Ice Age (about 1850), glaciers have been melting steadily in most parts the world. This loss in glacier mass has been greatest in small alpine-type glaciers (e.g. eastern Rocky Mountains - see Figure 1 above). Current research indicates that global warming may be playing a significant part in this meltdown, as the current rate of glacier shrinkage is broadly consistent with estimated anthropogenic greenhouse forcing (a few Wm ). More recent results from studies in the mid 1990s (compared to previous studies carried out in the 1950s and 1960s) indicate that the Columbia Icefield glaciers (e.g. Athabasca, Saskatchewan glaciers) have further thinned and retreated dramatically, and that an acceleration in the flow (below the accumulation area) has occurred. MEASURING GLACIERS Various methods have been employed to measure the "health" of glaciers, among them being mass balance calculations and interferometry. The mass balance of a glacier is the difference between the mass that the glacier accumulates in winter (from snow) and that which is lost by melting (ablation) during the summer. It involves detailed in-situ observation and scientific monitoring of a glacier over several seasons. The photo below shows a cryospheric scientist in the field measuring glacial properties in order to calculate a mass-balance value.

122. Résidence Les Glaciers à Aussois, Village De Maurienne Au Coeur De La Vanoise A la fois h´tel et r©sidence, situ©   Aussois pr¨s de Modane, village de Maurienne au coeur de la Vanoise, activit©s ©t© et hiver. http://www.les-glaciers.com

Aussois, Accompagnateurs Tennis Minigolf VTT Escalade Centre Equestre Ski alpin : 45 km de pistes plein sud Ski de fond Raquettes Parapentes 14, rue de la Villette 73500 Aussois - Savoie - France info@les-glaciers.com

123. Glacier Links Links to sites about African glaciers. Research by Shawn Jackson and Ellin Beltz. NASA information on glaciers, including Malaspina glacier. http://ebeltz.net/glaciers.html

Nifty Links by Ellin Beltz Glaciers Glacial Glossary This started as an ESCI-315 Class Project at Northeastern Illinois University in Spring of 2000 and has grown since. Mike Rafter captured these shots of Greenland from a commercial jet on October 3, 2000. Left: West Coast Right: East Coast. Learn more about Greenland by visiting The Greenland Guide. This fantastic site has information about the land of the Midnight Sun, how to spend the winter in an igloo and more. Glacier Links About Snow and Ice All about snow crystals. NOAA Arctic Theme Page. Details on the Arctic Oscillation, global pollution, northern lights, Alaskan archaeology and wildlife. Snow needles, columns, plates and dendritic crystals. Watch the white stuff fly on the web. Electron microscopy of snow and ice in this page from the USDA. The Snow and Avalanche Center. The Avalanche Organization. National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). General Glacial Information Rice University. A good place to start for general glacier questions. USGS common questions and myths about glaciers.

124. Stockholm Glaciology Describes research activities, the Tarfala Research Station, and glaciers the group has studied; lists group members; and provides photos, data, and publications. http://www.glaciology.su.se/

Research Glaciology Glaciology at geo.su.se NEWS Upcoming glaciological meetings in 2005 Two new theses in Glaciology New glacier maps New Swedish glaciology book Upcoming Scientific meetings: Glacier mass balance and its coupling to atmospheric circulation Conveners Peter Jansson, Gino Casassa, Howard Conway, Roderik van de Wal, Qin Dahe (ICSI-sponsored) For information: www.iamas.org Conveners Michael Hambrey, Neil Glasser, Bryn Hubbard, Martin Siegert, Peter Jansson For information: Prof. Mike Hambrey, Univ. of Aberystwyth, UK EPICA paper New Theses Pettersson, R., 2004. Klingbjer, P., 2004. Glaciers and climate in northern Sweden during the 19th and 20th century New glacier maps Salajekna 1992 (1:20000): Please contact Per Klingbjer for further details. Read more about the maps here New Swedish glaciology book This is the first book on Glaciology in Swedish. The book is authored by Prof. Per Holmlund and Prof. Peter Jansson and available from the Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University Research Glaciology Glaciology Webmasters

125. SF Gate: Multimedia (image) Shrinking glaciers evidence of global warming / Differences seen by looking at photos from 100 years ago A photo taken of Alaska s Glacier Bay National Park http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/object/article?m=/c/pictures/2004/12/17/mn_usgsmuir194

126. Alps Travel Pictures - The Swiss And Austrian Alps Photos of the Swiss and Austrian Alps. glaciers, Animals http://alps.virtualave.net/

var subject; var ad_was_ok=2; The Swiss and Austrian Alps This site is a photo gallery, containing many photos of mountains in Switzerland and Austria. It contains pictures of - among others - the areas of Tirol, Bettmeralp and Riederalp, Lauterbrunnen, Wilderswil and Grindelwald (Eiger, Mönch (or Monch) and Jungfrau!) and Samedan. This site looks much better in a browser that supports frames. You can view all the images anyway using this old version of this site. Ok, back to the subject: Pictures of mountains in Switzerland and Austria Other language versions: Alpenfoto's - De Zwitserse en Oostenrijkse Alpen Alpenbilder - Die Schweizer und Österreichischen Alpen . To do (maybe): Les Alpes. Not to be made: Los Alpes. The following links take you to pages with photos of the greatest landscapes in Austria Rettenbachferner Spaltentour (guided glacier tour) Yes, we took the famous tour on this glacier, which is close to Sölden in the Ötztal Arena, Austrian Alps! Waterfall of Krimml (Krimmler Wasserfälle, Wasserfaelle, Wasserfalle). Near Krimml, Zell am See and Kaprun, Salzburger Land, Austrian Alps.

127. Glaciers: Face Of The Earth The Antarctic Ice Sheets outlet glaciers include the steep and heavily creviced Beordmore Most glaciers range in thickness from about 91 to 3000 meters. http://www.edu.pe.ca/southernkings/glacierjf.htm

Home Games Glossary Bulletin Board ... SKC Homepage Glaciers Ice sheets and glaciers form the largest component of perennial ice on this planet. Over 75% of the world's fresh water is presently locked up in these frozen reservoirs. The Antarctic Ice Sheet is more complicated than the Greenland Ice Sheet. In the past three million years, there have been four glacial periods, each followed by an interglacial period. The most recent glacial period began about 75,000 years ago. The Antarctic Ice Sheets outlet glaciers include the steep and heavily creviced Beordmore Glacier, one of the worlds longest outlet. A glacier is a huge mass of ice that flows slowly over land. They form in the cold polar regions and in high mountains. The low temperatures in these places enable large amounts of snow to build up and turn inti ice. Most glaciers range in thickness from about 91 to 3,000 meters. Glaciers are formed when more snow falls during the winter than melts and evaporates in summer. The extra snow gradually builds up in layers. Its increasing weight causes the snow crystals under the surface to become compact, grainlike pellets. At depths of 15 meters or more, the pellets are further compressed into thick crystals of ice. These crystals combine to form glacial ice. The ice eventually becomes so thick that it begins to move under the pressure of its own great weight. Huge moving sheets of ice are wearing down parts of the earth's surface. In Antarctica and Greenland, ice covers all but the tips of the highest mountains. These ice sheets are located in Greenland, Antarctica and other frozen parts of North and South Pole. The ice sheet that covers much of Greenland is growing smaller because of a gradual rise in temperature in the area since the early 1900s.

128. Sang De Brabander's Homepage Describes glaciological research of Antarctic ice sheets and ice streams by numerical modelling focus on basal processes, including subglacial hydrology and till deformation. Also field expeditions to Central Asian glaciers. http://homepages.vub.ac.be/~sadebrab/

129. Growing_Glaciers glaciers are growing around the world, including the United States glaciers act in the same way that a river does with a source and a mouth. The http://www.iceagenow.com/Growing_Glaciers.htm

Not by Fire but by Ice THE NEXT ICE AGE - NOW! Glaciers are growing around the world, including the United States Greenland glacier advancing more than seven miles per year! - 23 Jul 2005 - According to glaciologists, the Kangerdlugssuaq Glacier southeast of Greenland is now moving towards the sea at the "astonishing" rate of more than seven miles (12 km) per year. The discovery came after recent measurements of the glacier were compared to those taken by NASA in 2002. During the 20th century the Kangerdlugssuaq glacier remained stable. Now it appears to be moving as much as 38 meters (117 feet) per day. " Glaciers act in the same way that a river does with a source and a mouth. The source is high in the mountains or at a higher latitude, where snow falls to contribute to the source of the glacier and to feed it, allowing for advancement. This is rather like a conveyor belt, where snow falls at the top of the mountain, this additional weight pushes the ice sheet further down, and then ends in the sea, where parts will break off to become icebergs.

130. TEMSCO Helicopters, Inc. - Helicopter Tours, Dog Sled Tours, Heli-Hiking, Glacie Based in Alaska and offers sightseeing tours over breathtaking glaciers. http://www.temscoair.com

TEMSCO HOME HELICOPTER CHARTER HELICOPTER TOURS ONLINE BOOKING REQUEST ... CONTACT INFORMATION DOG SLED TOURS GLACIER TOURS PILOT'S CHOICE CHARTER Combine the originators of glacier helicopter tours with the oldest operating dog sled tour company you get a once in a lifetime experience. Read more... Featured on GOOD MORNING AMERICA, Juneau’s #1 rated excursion - Board a modern turbine-powered helicopter for a flight to the world famous Mendenhall Glacier! Read more... The “Pilot’s Choice” tour is an incomparable journey of discovery, a once-in-a-lifetime experience sure to provide enduring memories of Southeast Alaska’s beautiful wilderness. Read more... If you can think of it, we have probably done it! We have experience fighting fires, lifting air conditioners on top of buildings, setting power lines, placing satellite dishes, moving drill rigs, and much more. Read more...

131. Glaciers Melting Worldwide, Study Finds New surveys from satellites and aircraft document an alarming acceleration in the melting of glaciers around the world. The swift retreat of these great ice http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/08/0821_020821_wireglaciers.html

Site Index Subscribe Shop Search Top 15 Most Popular Stories NEWS Front Page Environment Health Offbeat ... Video in the News SPECIAL SERIES The Genographic Project Pulse of the Planet National Geographic Channel RESOURCES (What's this?) Contact Us Front Page Wires Glaciers Melting Worldwide, Study Finds Robert S. Boyd Contra Costa Times August 21, 2002 New surveys from satellites and aircraft document an alarming acceleration in the melting of glaciers around the world. Like a canary in a coal mine, the dwindling of the glaciers is visible evidence that the earth really is getting hotter. "Receding and wasting glaciers are a chief telltale sign that global climate change is real and accelerating," said Jeffrey Kargel, a glacier expert with the U.S. Geological Survey in Flagstaff, Arizona. Most of Earth's 160,000 glaciers have been slowly shrinking and thinning for more than a century as the climate warms up from both natural causes and human activity. But scientists say the melt rate has accelerated dramatically since the mid-1990s, which was the hottest decade in a thousand years, according to data from ancient ice cores and tree rings. A glacier in the Peruvian Andes, Qori Kalis, is losing as much ice in one week as it used to surrender in a year, according to Lonnie Thompson, a geologist at the Byrd Polar Research Center at Ohio State University in Columbus.

132. Antarctic Glaciers Surged After 1995 Ice-Shelf Collapse Scientists studying the eightyear-old collapse of a massive chunk of Antarctica s Larsen Ice Shelf say the event spurred inland glaciers to surge seaward. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/03/0306_030306_glaciersurge.html

Site Index Subscribe Shop Search Top 15 Most Popular Stories NEWS Front Page Environment Health Offbeat ... Video in the News SPECIAL SERIES The Genographic Project Pulse of the Planet National Geographic Channel RESOURCES (What's this?) Contact Us sponsored in part by Front Page Antarctic Glaciers Surged After 1995 Ice-Shelf Collapse John Roach for National Geographic News March 6, 2003 When a huge floating shelf of ice hinged to the northern end of the Antarctic Peninsula disintegrated in January 1995, several glaciers that were backed up into it surged towards the sea, according to a pair of Argentinean researchers. The discovery marks the first positive evidence that glacial surge follows an ice shelf collapse. It may lead scientists to revive the previously discarded theory that ice shelves acts as dams that prevent inland glaciers from slipping into the seas. De Angelis and colleague Pedro Skvarca made their discovery through analysis of airborne mapping data, satellite imagery, and flights over the area of the peninsula affected by the collapse of the northern section of the Larsen Ice Shelf. They report their findings in the March 7 issue of the journal Science.

133. Cambridge Greenland Glaciology Expedition 2002 Information about patrons, schedule, backing and membership of a summer 2002 expedition to Eastern Louise Boyds Land in Northeast Greenland to study the zone of convergence of two glaciers and complete several first ascents. http://www.greenland2002.org.uk/

[enter] Approved by the Cambridge Expeditions Committee, charity no. 311460.

134. Wired News: Glaciers Quicken Pace To Sea A number of massive glaciers in the West Antarctic are sliding into the ocean Ice shelves are the long fingernails of glaciers, averaging 500 yards in http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,65067,00.html?tw=wn_tophead_1

135. Les Mystères De La Nature Explications des ph©nomenes relatif au volcans, glaciers, nuages et montagnes. http://www.mysteres-nature.com

136. Chamonix Mont Blanc France Weekly 4 Stars Rentals / Locations Meublées 4 étoil Vous trouverez les tarifs, les disponibilit©s, des photos. http://www.lesglaciers.com

LES GLACIERS**** Chamonix Mont Blanc - France Locations meublées 4 étoiles à la semaine d'appartements et chalet Luxurious weekly rental of chalet and apartments Visitez ce site en Français Visit this website in English NOUVEAU : ACCES WIFI GRATUIT NEW : FREE WIRELESS ACCESS Contact Claire GATTINI - 424-454, route des Gaillands - 74400 Chamonix Mont Blanc - FRANCE Tél +33 (0)4 50 53 17 12 info@lesglaciers.com Vous êtes le sur ce site. Dernière mise à jour le 21 février 2005 Esprit tibétain

137. Kazakhstan Glaciers And Geopolitics Stephan Harrison - OpenDemocracy The retreat of glaciers in the mountains of southern Kazakhstan is creating environmental hazards that will affect the lives of millions and the geopolitics http://www.opendemocracy.net/globalization-climate_change_debate/kazakhstan_2551

138. GLACIOLOGIAHOME Glacier studies center, publishes information about Chile's glaciers, research papers, news, and ongoing projects. English and Spanish content. http://www.glaciologia.cl

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139. Www.heliskiing.co.nz - Methven Heliskiing - Wilderness Heliskiing - Ski The Tasm Situated in the remote headwaters of the Rakaia River, Methven Heliski offers the spectacular experience of skiing amongst towering peaks and glaciers in the heart of New Zealand's Southern Alps. http://www.heliskiing.co.nz/

September 2005 THE SEASON ISN'T OVER YET! Don't miss the chance this month to take advantage of the best spring snow in NZ! The poor snow at the South Island resorts might be melting fast. But don't be fooled by the warming temperatures - there's still plenty of life left in this ski season here in the big mountains close to the Main Divide. Snow cover on the Tasman Glacier is at it's best all winte r - over metres (yes metres! ) of fresh snow has fallen up there over the past 3 days alone. Methven Heliskiing Wilderness Heliskiing's terrain has great spring conditions, and a top-up of 30-70 cm new snow over the past few days. Take a look at some our terrain on 31 August - before the last big storm. We will be operating every fine day until the end of September.

140. GORP - North Cascades National Park, Lake Chelan And Ross Lake National Recreati The alpine glaciers you see today are comparatively young, glaciers form when more snow accumulates each winter than melts and evaporates during warmer http://gorp.away.com/gorp/resource/us_national_park/wa/glac_nor.htm

Nat'l Parks Nat'l Forests Nat'l Monuments Wilderness Areas ... Contests Search: from Away.com Related Guides Washington Vacations Seattle Vacations Seattle Hotels Seattle Flights ... Seattle Airports Popular Cities in Washington Spokane Seattle Bellingham Olympia ... Highlights Activities Hiking Driving Fishing Biking ... Resources Community North Cascades Discussion Board Background History Geography Washington Resources Top 10 Fall Forests ... Shoulder-Season South America from Away.com PARKS North Cascades National Park Glaciers When the last ice age climaxed about 14,000 years ago a continental ice sheet nearly a mile thick covered most areas of the North Cascades. The alpine glaciers you see today are comparatively young, but they continue to grind, sculpt and reshape the landscape. The North Cascades are the most densely glaciated mountains in the contiguous United States. Glaciers form when more snow accumulates each winter than melts and evaporates during warmer weather. The enormous weight of that accumulation recrystallizes the snow into ice, and the glacier begins to flow downhill. Glaciers can flow several feet per year, and it is this movement that distinguishes glaciers from non-moving ice fields. Glaciers are vitally important to the region's ecology and hydrology. They influence vegetation growth; move and carve rock; and add minerals to the ecosystem. During times of year when little rain falls, meltwater accounts for all the water in some streams.

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