81. All About Glaciers Links to glacier research and projects, glacier facts, questions and answers, a glossary, gallery, bibliography and links to glacier information on the Web. http://www-nsidc.colorado.edu/glaciers/

home about search site map ... photo credits Like great rivers of ice, glaciers have sculpted mountains and carved out valleys. They continue to flow and shape the landscape in many places today. All About Glaciers is a glacier site with something for everyone from glaciologists to grade school students, exploring nearly all aspects of glaciers including data and science, facts, a gallery, a glossary and much more. Site Credits Science lead: Dr. Richard Armstrong, NSIDC Writing, editing, and site design: NSIDC Communications Group Glossary contributions: Dr. Sue Ferguson, U. S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service

82. Glaciers Crevasses or deep cracks in the glaciers form as the ice is subjected to uneven flow The rate of glacial flow is quite variable and Olympic glaciers are http://www.nps.gov/olym/edglac.htm

Glaciers go to geology Image list Rivers Rivers of Ice Glacial ice is one of the foremost scenic and scientific values of Olympic National Park. There are about 266 glaciers crowning the Olympics peaks; most of them are quite small in contrast to the great rivers of ice in Alaska. The prominent glaciers are those on Mount Olympus covering approximately ten square miles. Beyond the Olympic complex are the glaciers of Mount Carrie, the Bailey Range, Mount Christie, and Mount Anderson. In the company of these glaciers are perpetual snowbanks that have the superficial appearance of glacial ice. Because they are lacking in the criteria below, they are not true glaciers. True glaciers are structurally three layered bodies of frozen water. The top layer is snow; the middle neve, or mixed snow and ice; and the bottom layer is of pure ice, which is quite plastic in nature. Crevasses or deep cracks in the glaciers form as the ice is subjected to uneven flow over alpine terrain. Another structural feature is the bergschrund, which is a prominent crevasse-like opening at the head of the glacier where the ice has been pulled away from the mountain wall. The rate of glacial flow is quite variable and Olympic glaciers are "slow-moving" in contrast to some in Alaska, which occasionally move at the rate of several hundred feet per day for short periods of time. There is no great advance of Olympic glaciers today and each has retreated substantially since the late 1800's. Still, forward surges in glacial flow do occur after a number of very heavy winters and cool summers, but such activity has been relatively infrequent with Olympic glaciers in recorded time.

83. Glaciers - Photos See the inside of a glacier and look at over 20 other glacier related pictures provided by the College of Natural Resources at Colorado State University. http://www.cnr.colostate.edu/ER.13Mar03/fac-staff/ajf/physical/topics/glacier/ph

Alpine/Mountain Glaciers Glacier Glacier Cirque glaciers Cirque and Valley Glaciers Continental Glaciers Antarctica Ice Sheet Glacial dynamics Inside a glacier Calving Calving Crevasses ... Icebergs Small scale erosional features Glacial striations Glacial striations Glacial striations and glacial polish Landforms "U" shape valley in Rocky Mountain National Park Yosemite Valley Hanging valley The Matterhorn ... Tarn lake Glacial deposits Glacial till (not the poor sorting) Glacial erratics Glacial moraine Sediment laden river flowing from a glacier ... Poorly developed drainage pattern typical of continentally glaciated terrain

84. Glaciers Of Mount Rainier National Park The size of glaciers on Mount Rainier has fluctuated significantly in the past. Between the 14th century and AD 1850, many of the glaciers on Mount http://www.nps.gov/mora/ncrd/glaciers.htm

G laciers Current Seismicity (UW) Decade Volcano Geologic Hazards Geology of Mt. Rainier ... Volcanic Hazards GLACIERS ON MOUNT RAINIER Glaciers are among the most conspicuous and dynamic geologic features on Mount Rainier in Washington state. They erode the volcanic cone and are important sources of stream flow for several rivers, including some that provide water for hydroelectric power and irrigation. Together with perennial snow patches, glaciers cover about 36 square miles of the mountain's surface, about nine percent of the total park area, and have a volume of about one cubic mile. GLACIER FLOW To the casual observer, glaciers may seem to be rigid and unchanging but in fact, they deform and flow continuously. Glaciers flow under the influence of gravity by the combined action of sliding over the rock on which they lie and by deformation, the gradual displacement between and within individual ice crystals. Maximum speeds occur near the surface and along the center line of the glacier. During May, 1970, Nisqually Glacier was measured moving as fast as 29 inches per day. Flow rates are generally greater in summer than in winter, probably due to the presence of large quantities of meltwater at the glacier base. GLACIERS AND CLIMATE Climatic conditions in large part regulate the size of a glacier because they control the quantities of snowfall and melt. The position of the snout, or terminus, of a glacier may change as the relative quantities of snowfall and glacier melt change. If summer melt exceeds winter snowfall, the terminus retreats, whereas if snowfall exceeds summer melt, the terminus advances. These changes in terminus position do not occur instantaneously, but typically take several years or more to become apparent. Glaciers are therefore sensitive indicators of climate changes.

85. Global Warming, Photography, Pictures, Photos, Climate Change, Impact, Science, Photographic documentation of change in the Arctic, Antarctica, glaciers, temperate climate zones, and the ocean. Focuses on effects such as shrinking glaciers, coral bleaching, insect and animal range changes, phenology, and rising sea level. http://www.worldviewofglobalwarming.org/index.html

Global warming, photography, pictures, photos, climate change, science, weather, arctic, antarctica, climate zones, glacier, arctic warming, antarctic warming, documentation, impacts, effects of climate change, paleoclimate, mountain glaciers, coral reefs, tide pools, phenology, sea level Home Antarctica Alaska Glaciers ... Actions Global warming at the extremes of the earth: Habitats and cultures everywhere react to climate's rapid changes Record thaw across the Arctic Ecosystems shift up mountainsides China, the rousing giant of global warming ... Ocean inundates island nations Asia's largest rivers, the Ganges and the Brahmaputra, join in the world's most extensive delta and flow into the Bay of Bengal. There lies Bangladesh , a nation of 140 million people beset by poverty and the floods of the rivers, and now also affected by rising sea level. Gary Braasch visited to document this threat, and a report on Bangladesh facing global warming appears on the Oceans page here 10 Myths of Global Warming and What YOU can DO to help slow Climate Disruptions.

86. Air-Glaciers Compagnie d'aviation dont une partie des activit©s est d©di©e au sauvetage h©liport© en association avec la Maison du Sauvetage Fran§oisXavier Bagnoud. Sion. http://www.air-glaciers.ch

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87. Glacial Deposition And Depositional Landforms Describes, illustrates, and explains glacial and fluvioglacial deposits and landforms, including drumlins, erratics, eskers, kames, kettles, varves, and outwash. http://www.geography-site.co.uk/pages/physical/glaciers/deposit.html

Glacial Deposition And Depositional Landforms The intense erosive action of a glacier produces vast volumes of sediments. Very fine material, called rock flour, is produced by the scraping and grinding or rock surfaces, whilst larger particles are produced by plucking and freeze-thaw. Massive rocks that fell from the valley walls onto the moving ice can also be transported, and then deposited hundreds of miles from their origins. Geographers classify glacial sediment according to it's mode of deposition. The collective name for all the sediments and debris deposited under glacial conditions is Glacial Drift . Sediments that were deposited by melting ice or by glacial streams are called Fluvio-glacial . Debris deposited directly by the glacier, such as moraine and intra-glacial material dropped 'in situ' by retreating ice, is known as Till The range of sediment sizes and processes of deposition produce a wide range of landforms. We have pages about the following landforms: Braided Streams Drumlins Erratics Eskers ... Varves We value your ideas and suggestions. Please contact the maintainer of this site.

88. Glaciers - Frozen In Time Dlogan@alaska.net There are an estimated 100000 glaciers in Alaska, ranging from tiny glaciers are formed where, over a number of years, more snow falls than melts. http://freepages.family.rootsweb.com/~soakbear/glaciers.htm

OAS_AD('Top'); laciers - Frozen in Time Glaciers cover approximately 30,000 square miles - or 5.1 percent - of Alaska, which is 128 times more area covered by glaciers than in the rest of the United States. There are an estimated 100,000 glaciers in Alaska, ranging from tiny cirque glaciers to huge valley glaciers. Glaciers are formed where, over a number of years, more snow falls than melts. Alaska's glaciers fall roughly into five general categories: alpine, valley, piedmont, ice fields and icecaps. Alpine (mountain and cirque) glaciers head high on the slopes of mountains and plateaus. Valley glaciers are an overflowing accumulation of ice from mountain or plateau basins. Piedmont glaciers form when one or more glaciers join to form a fan-shaped ice mass at the foot of a mountain range. Ice fields develop when large valley glaciers interconnect, leaving only the highest peaks and ridges to rise above the ice surface. Icecaps are smaller snow and ice-filled basins or plateaus. The greatest concentrations of glaciers are in the Alaska Range, Wrangell Mountains and the coastal ranges of the Chugach, Coast, Kenai and Saint Elias mountains, where annual precipitation is high. Most of Alaska's major rivers originate at glaciers. About three-fourths of all the fresh water in Alaska is stored as glacial ice. This is many times greater than the volume of water stored in all the state's lakes, ponds, rivers and reservoirs. Alaska's better known glaciers accessible by road are: Worthington and Black Rapids on the Richardson Highway, Matanuska on the Glenn Highway, Portage on the Seward Highway and Mendenhall on the Glacier Highway. In addition Childs and Sheridan glaciers may be reached by car from Cordova, and Valdez Glacier is only a few miles from Valdez. The terminus of Muldrow glacier in Denali National Park and Preserve is visible at a distance along several miles of the park road. There are also many spectacular glaciers in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve and in Prince William Sound which are accessible by tour boat.

89. Glacier Country - Fox Glacier & Franz Josef Glacier, West Coast New Zealand Travel guide to the glaciers and Westland National Park. Includes detail on accommodation, attractions, activities, walks, maps and photos. http://www.glaciercountry.co.nz/

Welcome to Glacier Country New Zealand Come and Explore this World Heritage Area, where you'll find ancient glaciers nestled amidst primeval rainforest. This website will provide you with all you need to know about attractions, activities, accommodation to plan your visit to our Glacier Country. Come On In ... Home/Welcome About Glacier Country Where We Are ... Contact Us

90. Glaciers And Glacial Landform Listings glaciers, Glacial Landforms, and the Pleistocene. ADDRESSES (Current as of 9/19/03). glaciers. ALL ABOUT ICE links to glacier research, projects, http://personal.cmich.edu/~franc1m/glaciers.htm

Glaciers, Glacial Landforms, and the Pleistocene ADDRESSES (Current as of 9/19/03): Glaciers ALL ABOUT ICE: "links to glacier research, projects, and glaciological organizations online : glacier facts, questions and answers, a glossary, a gallery, bibliography and links to glacier information on the web : top news sources feature recent glacier happenings: a quick tour through the life of a glacier." GLACIER HOME PAGE: basic information on the origin, location, and characteristics of glaciers. ... ANTARCTICA: "a website all about Antarctica and the part Antarctica plays in our global system of weather and climate and oceans and geology." Glacial Landforms GLACIER LANDFORM IMAGE DATABASE: images of erosional subglacial ,superglacial ... advance/retreat via a flip book. The Pleistocene MICHIGAN QUATERNARY GEOLOGY: from the MDEQ, a . pdf document describing the glacial history of Michigan. THE GREAT ICE AGE: a PDF document from the USGS detailing the causes and characteristics of the ice advances during the Pleistocene Epoch. ... AN ATLAS OF ICE AGE VEGETATION: vegetation patterns for each continent as they existed during the last ice age. Return to the Earth Science and Geography Home Page Problems or questions? Contact

91. Groupe De Vol Montagne Et Glaciers Sion Pr©sentation des activit©s du groupe. Bulletin mensuel d'informations. Photos. Pr©visions m©t©o a©ronautiques. http://membres.lycos.fr/gvmg/

Groupe de vol montagne et glaciers Bulletins Groupe Photos Liens ... Courriel

92. Home Page Why should we be concerned with glaciers? 75% of our fresh water is in glaciers, our global temperatures are effected by glaciers. http://www.west-bend.k12.wi.us/webquest/ms/glacier/Glaciers.htm

Webquest - Glaciers 6th Grade Search for Glaciers By: Karen Rankin Introduction: Why should we be concerned with glaciers? 75% of our fresh water is in glaciers, our global temperatures are effected by glaciers. The purpose of this Webquest is to learn how to use the Internet while learning about glaciers. Task: The student will go to multiple Internet sites and fill out a worksheet on glaciers. To enhance what they have learned in the classroom they will be asked to interpret information they learned from the Internet and compare it with the information they learned in the classroom. Process: While still in the classroom the teacher will have handed out the worksheet , gone over expectations, and divided the group into pairs. Review your worksheet and go to one of the sites listed under Resources. Complete what you can on the worksheet from that site, get additional information from other sites listed under Resources. When you go to your second site trade positions (new person searching Internet), continue taking turns throughout this assignment. When complete, hand in worksheet to teacher.

93. World Glacier Monitoring Service Source of information on glaciers and their fluctuations worldwide. World Glacier Inventory contains data on the spatial distribution of glaciers. Fluctuations of glaciers and Mass Balance Bulletin document changes over time (changes in mass, volume, area and length of glaciers). http://www.geo.unizh.ch/wgms/

welcome to the world glacier monitoring service NEWS The FoG VIII for the years 1995-2000 is now available as hardcopy and pdf for download! click here! The mass balance data of the years 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 are now available online! click here! last change 11/07/05, jn

94. + Some glaciers can be very small, maybe a few hundred square feet. glaciers can be very thick. A glacier could get as big as 60 school buses on top of each http://library.thinkquest.org/3876/glaciers.html

Glaciers A glacier is a big river of ice, water and rocks. How A Glacier Is Formed In some places it is cold all year long. On the tops of mountains it can snow any time of the year. When the first snow falls there is a lot of air space between the flakes. As more and more snow falls, the snow begins to pack together and get much heavier. The heavy snow compacts and presses down on the ground. Then when other snowstorms come the snow packs down even more, and the flakes start to lose their shape. Then the air gets sucked out of the flakes and most of the flakes turn into ice. The snowflakes get rounder as they absorb water in between the left over air spaces. As the years go by the the ice fields grow deeper and stronger until they form a glacier. How Glaciers Move Glaciers move in two ways. The first way is through the pull of gravity and meltwater. Gravity pulls the heavy weight of the glacier down a hill very slowly. If you were watching one, you probably wouldn't see it moving. Under the glacier, as it slowly moves, the rocks it is dragging underneath cause the ice to melt. The water under the glacier is called melt water. The meltwater makes it slippery and helps the glacier to move down hills. There is also meltwater on top of the glaciers that gets into cracks. When it refreezes the ice cracks and moves, kind of like the way an ice cube might crack and melt in a glass of soda. The amount of melt water in the glacier depends on the weather. Different parts of the glacier move at different speeds.

95. The Fates Of Low-Latitude Glaciers Presentation by Lonnie G. Thompson of Ohio State University. Includes discussion of certainties and probabilities, photographic evidence, graphs, graphical representation of 20th century changes in ice cover, and distribution maps. http://www.aaas.org/news/releases/2004/0615Thompson.pdf

96. Glaciers: Surfing The Net With Kids The best glacier sites for kids, teachers and families, from the United Feature Syndicate. http://www.surfnetkids.com/glacier.htm

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97. Hotel Des Glaciers *** Fraz. Dolonne - Courmayeur - Valle D'Aosta Italia: Home:H Dolonne Informazioni sull'albergo a tre stelle, immagini degli ambienti, servizi offerti, tariffe e contatti. http://www.hoteldesglaciers.com/php/home.php?lan=_it

98. Physical Geology Slides-Glaciers Mountain glaciers commonly merge into and are submerged by continental glaciers. glaciers could form this low because of the extremely heavy winter http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/EarthSC202Slides/glacslid.htm

Physical Geology Slides-Glaciers Steven Dutch, Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Green Bay First - time Visitors: Please visit . Use "Back" to return here. Active Glaciers A small glacial lobe creeps down a mountainside on Gibbs Island, Antarctica. The summit is only 500 meters above sea level and the glacier is only a couple of hundred meters long. The sea is visible in extreme lower right. An ice front on a continental glacier. The front in the background is actively flowing into the sea, calving off chunks of ice occasionally. The ice front in foreground with the climber is a stagnant, ablating ice front. A typical continental glacier. Note the dome-like profile and the half-hidden cirque in the right distance. Mountain glaciers commonly merge into and are submerged by continental glaciers. This active ice front flows to the sea. Note the trapped sand and rock in the glacier. This is the material that shapes glacial landscapes. A small glacier on Gibbs Island, Antarctica. Note the crevasses created by brittle fracture. Note that they appear to be covered with snow. In reality the snow is only a cover, which may or may not support a climber's weight. Note also the ridge of loose material along the edge of the glacier. Rubble falling onto the glacier is dragged along, creating a

99. USGS Fact Sheet 2005-3056: Satellite Image Atlas Of Glaciers Of The World US Geological Survey Satellite Image Atlas of glaciers of the World. http://pubs.usgs.gov/factsheet/fs133-99//

USGS Home Contact USGS Search USGS U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3056 May 2005 [Supersedes U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheets 130-02, 133-99, and 94-009] Satellite Image Atlas of Glaciers of the World DOWNLOAD the PDF file Download the latest version of Adobe Reader for free Accessibility FOIA Privacy Policies and Notices ... U.S. Geological Survey URL: http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3056/index.html Page Contact Information: Eastern Publications Group Page Last Modified: 14:51:37 Tue 31 May 2005

100. Fast-moving Glaciers Surprise Research Team east coast of Greenland, where they studied the movement of five glaciers. They found that two of the glaciers are moving at far faster rates than just http://pressherald.mainetoday.com/news/state/050801climate.shtml

HOME MAINEJOBS HOMES WHEELS MARKETPLACE NEWS Local and State Midday/4PM Reports AP Wire ... MaineToday.com Network Affiliate Home News Sports Business ... Home Delivery Monday, August 1, 2005 Fast-moving glaciers surprise research team By CLARKE CANFIELD, Associated Press E-mail this story to a friend ADVERTISEMENT Associated Press Photo Leigh Stearns, a doctoral student at the University of Maine, installs a GPS receiver on Kangerdlugssuaq Glacier in Greenland in early July. Two University of Maine scientists studying the effects of climate change in the Arctic have discovered that two glaciers in Greenland are moving at a not-so-glacial pace. The scientists returned last week from a five-week expedition to the east coast of Greenland, where they studied the movement of five glaciers. They found that two of the glaciers are moving at far faster rates than just a few years ago, raising questions about the effects of regional warming. One glacier, called Kangerdlugssuaq, was moving at the rate of nearly 9 miles a year, making it one of the world's fastest-moving glaciers, the researchers said. In the late 1990s, it was moving at about 3.5 miles a year. "It's a bit alarming because the ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica are so large that it usually takes thousands of years for these types of changes to actually occur, not five or 10 years," said Gordon Hamilton, a professor at the university's Climate Change Institute.

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