81. IUCN Hainan blackcrested gibbon from China by Stephen Nash, SSC Primate SpecialistGroup The 2004-2006 list focuses on the severity of the overall threat rather http://www.iucn.org/themes/ssc/news/primates_on_the_brink.htm

About IUCN Our work Commissions Members ... Events Primates on the Brink 7 April 2005, Antananarivo, Madagascar - reveals that 25 percent - or one in four - of the 625 primate species and subspecies are at risk of extinction. The report compiled by more than 50 experts from 16 countries cites deforestation, commercial bushmeat hunting, and the illegal animal trade as the primary threats, and warns that failure to respond will bring the first primate extinctions in more than a century. Madagascar and Vietnam each have four primates on the new list, while Brazil and Indonesia have three, followed by Sri Lanka and Tanzania with two each, and one each from Colombia, China, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, Uganda, and Democratic Republic of Congo. Some primates on the list are found in more than one country. By region, the list includes 10 from Asia, seven from Africa, four from Madagascar, and four from South America, showing that threats to monkeys, lemurs, great apes and other non-human primates exist wherever they live. Habitat loss due to the clearing of tropical forests for agriculture, logging, and the collection of fuel wood continues to be the major factor in the declining number of primates, according to the report. Hunting for subsistence and commercial purposes also is a major and insidious threat, especially in Africa and Asia. Live capture for the pet trade also poses a serious threat, particularly to Asian species.

82. Exhibit - Tropic World Asia is quieterunless the morning calls of white-cheeked gibbons make Did you see Tropic World’s primates acting like you or making choices like you? http://www.brookfieldzoo.org/pgpages/pagegen.32.aspx

Just within Tropic World , a waterfall crashes and monkeys chatter. Come inside for an experience that will amaze and delight you. Tropic World, among the largest indoor animal exhibits in the world, brings you as close as possible to the life of primates. First up is South America, where spider monkeys scramble high in the trees. A flash of golden fur is a tiny golden lion tamarin peeking through the leaves. Overhead, a narrow vine swings under the weight of cotton-top tamarins exploring freely. Everywhere you look, primates are choosing where to climb, what to eat, and how to behave. Check out the primate next to you-that’s right, humans are primates, too! Asia is quieter-unless the morning calls of white-cheeked gibbons make the building echo with sound. They swing from tree branches 30 feet above the ground, moving 20 feet in a single swing! Below, the small-clawed otters slide through a river. The orangutans relax in nests or explore mounds of hay in their tree house. Choose to Learn About Primates Maggie's Extreme Makeover Gorilla Birth on exhibit!

83. Taronga And Western Plains Zoos Unlike other groups of mammals, primates do not have a single feature in common that Lesser apes include gibbons and siamangs, while the great apes are http://www.zoo.nsw.gov.au/content/view.asp?id=1038

84. [monkeywire] Conservationists Protect Primates In South Carolina ago to protect threatened primates including gibbons, monkeys and gorillas . in the early 1970s, she saw gibbons, monkeys and other primates crated http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/monkeywire/2004-April/000581.html

[monkeywire] Conservationists protect primates in South Carolina Josh Greenman joshg1973 at yahoo.com Wed Apr 28 14:14:45 EDT 2004 Previous message: [monkeywire] Zoo celebrates rare birth Next message: [monkeywire] Baby bonobo born in San Diego Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] ... http://www.mercurynews.com/mld/mercurynews/news/world/8540761.htm?1c Posted on Wed, Apr. 28, 2004 Conservationists protect primates in South Carolina next part A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: spacer.gif Type: image/gif Size: 43 bytes Desc: not available Url : http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/monkeywire/attachments/20040428/23ccb2af/spacer.gif Previous message: [monkeywire] Zoo celebrates rare birth Next message: [monkeywire] Baby bonobo born in San Diego Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] ... More information about the Monkeywire mailing list

85. ADW: Hylobates Muelleri: Information Like other primates, these gibbons likely use gestures, facial expressions, andbody postures to communicate. Communicates with http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Hylobates_muelle

Overview News Technology Conditions of Use ... Home Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Mammalia Order Primates Family Hylobatidae Species Hylobates muelleri Hylobates muelleri (Borneo gibbon) Information Pictures Classification editLink('skunkworks/.accounts/a3688881-b85e-444b-98df-b42727417499') 2005/09/18 17:01:57.945 GMT-4 By Sandra Bruening and Sandra Bruening Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Hylobatidae Genus: Hylobates Species: Hylobates muelleri Geographic Range Gray gibbons, Hylobates muelleri , are found in throughout Borneo excluding the southwest region. Biogeographic Regions: oriental native Other Geographic Terms: island endemic Habitat Gray gibbons live in tropical evergreen and semi-evergreen rain forests. These animals are found in the following types of habitat: tropical terrestrial Terrestrial Biomes: forest rainforest Physical Description Mass 4 to 8 kg; avg. 6000000 kg (8.8 to 17.6 lbs; avg. 13200000 lbs) Length 440 to 635 mm (17.32 to 25 in) Coloration of H. muelleri

86. Primates In the greater Indochina region, primate types include lorises, langurs, macaquesand gibbons. Little is known about the status of primates in this region, http://www.cambodiaswildlife.org/primates.htm

Asian Primates In the greater Indochina region, primate types include lorises, langurs, macaques and gibbons. Little is known about the status of primates in this region, particularly in Cambodia. Years of violent conflict prevented scientific exploration of the country's extensive forest habitats. In 1997, the security situation improved, and scientists and conservationists began the urgent task of documenting and protecting the Kingdom's flaura and fauna. Text and photos displayed here are from a gibbon conservation brochure produced by Save Cambodia's Wildlife. 10,000 copies have been produced and will be distributed across Cambodia. This project is part of of our broader gibbon conservation program which includes the children's book Will You Hear My Song , which was published in August 2002. Female Pileated Gibbon T.Whittaker Male Pileated Gibbon Yellow-cheeked crested gibbon Balck-shanked douc lanuer Slivered langur Long-tailed macaque Northern pig-Tailed macaque Stump-tail macaque Northern slow loris Pygmy loris

87. Untitled Document When upright, Gibbons stand more erect than any other primate except for man.Gibbons live in malefemale pairs (pair bonds), that will include children. http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/~reffland/anthropology/anthro2003/origins/primates/gi

Gibbons Gibbons are found only in southeast Asia. They live in rain forests, and are usually found in the canopy of the trees. However, they have been observed on the ground and in the highest branches of the trees. The Gibbon dental formula is 2:1:2:3. They eat leaves, fruit, insects and bird eggs. Proportions of arms and legs illustrate the specialization for brachiation. Shoulder joints also allow for flexible rotation of the shoulders and arms. A short body and legs make gibbons relatively light weight. Gibbons are true brachiators. That means they are able to arm swing through the trees. They also climb and leap. On the ground they walk bipedally with their arms held out to their sides. Their forearms are much longer than their hindlimb. When upright, Gibbons stand more erect than any other primate except for man. Gibbons live in male-female pairs (pair bonds), that will include children. Lone indivduals are either old, or young animals attempting to leave the nest and start their own family. Gibbons show no signs of sexual dimorphism that is common in many other primates. This is due to the relationships they form socially that pair males and females for life. Gibbons will sign songs to each other to help maintain this bonded relationship...gibbons frown on divorce in otherwords and want to know where each other is when they are separated! Prosimians Pongids Gibbons New World Monkeys ... "Social organization"

88. Untitled Document Gibbons and Indris are both typical of monogamous primates. In each case, thesespecies are highly vocal and use loud calls to warn others that they own a http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/~reffland/anthropology/anthro2003/origins/primates/or

"Social organization" "Social organization" tends to be all-encompassing and a rather vague concept. Social organizations among primates vary primarily on the basis of the following factors: 1. Group Size 2. Group Composition 3. Mating Systems 4. Social Roles - especially for adult females and males 5. Various Types of Dominance 6. Permanence versus Instability of Group Membership 7. Tendency to Aggregate into Larger Social Groups 8. Presence of only Heterosexual Reproductive Units, All-Male Groups or All-Female Groups, or Single Individuals 9. Patterns of Interactions. The best way to examine primate societies may be to divide them into groups based on: (A) large troops, medium-size groups, and small units, or (B) multi-female and multi-male; uni-male and multi-female; uni-male and uni-female, or (C) multiple mating by males and females, polygynous, and monogamous. Several trends can be noted if we look at these possible ways to group primate societies. First, monogamous groups are small, normally containing only one fully adult female and one fully adult male and their offspring. Gibbons fit this model well. Second, a system of multiple matings by both females and males or multi-females are usually the largest of primate societies. Some groups can reach 300 individuals in these cases. Third, polygynous groups contain one adult male and several adult females and off-spring and are moderate in size. Gorilla troops fit this profile. Keep in mind that polygynous groups such as this, also called harems, maximize reproduction by keeping a pool of receptive females available. It is also true that the greatest sexual dimorphism - difference in size between males and females - occur in polygynous societies.

89. Prehistoric Cultures -- Universitiy Of Minnesota Duluth International Center for gibbon Studies Endangered Primate Rescue Center (EPRC);gibbon Foundation; gibbon Network www.gibbions.de http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth1602/pcgibbon.html

This page's full visual experience is available in a graphical browser that supports style sheets. Please consider upgrading your web browser Search People Departments ... News P rehistoric C ultures UMD Home CLA Sociology-Anthropology ... Z Week: Fall 2005 Calendar Spring 2006 Calendar 22 September 2005 in History in Headlines UM One Stop more on J-Store Course Information Assignments Case Study ~ What's New? Dates / Times Exams Extra Credit ~ lecture ~ term paper FAQs Forum Grades / Grading Major Discoveries Office Hours, etc. Overview PCforum Questions ? Requirements Site Information Site Map Special Facilities Syllabus Table of Contents Texts Times / Dates Videos Course Topics TR 01 Introduction / Orientation 02 History of Thought 03 Heredity and Evolution 04 Living Primates 05 Primate Behavior 06 Primate Models 07 Evolutionary History 08 Paleoanthropology 09 Hominid Origins 10 Hunting / Gathering 11 Homo erectus 12 Neandertal / Archaics 13 Homo sapiens sapiens 14 Variation / Adptation 15 Agriculture / Civilizations 16 Final Exam Maps World Africa Botswana Ethiopia France Guatemala Indonesia Kena Mexico South Africa Tanzania World Fact Book Your Nation Country Briefings Other Useful Sites Anth in the News Virtual Library Anth Net

90. MSN Encarta - Ape At one time, apes were classified as a single group of primates, but today most Great apes are bigger than gibbons and also much less acrobatic. http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761556424/Ape.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Upgrade your Encarta Experience Spend less time searching and more time learning. Learn more Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items types of apes Human Evolution more... Further Reading Editors' picks for Ape Search for books and more related to Ape Encarta Search Search Encarta about Ape Editors' Picks Great books about your topic, Ape ... Click here Advertisement document.write(' Ape Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 6 items Article Outline Introduction Range and Habitat Physical Characteristics Behavior ... Endangered Apes I Introduction Print Preview of Section Ape , any of 13 species of large, highly intelligent primates , including chimpanzees gorillas gibbons , and orangutans . Apes are sometimes confused with monkeys , but unlike their smaller primate counterparts, apes do not have tails and their arms are usually longer than their legs. Apes live in tropical woodlands and forests of Africa and Asia. Despite sharing similar habitats, different ape species show striking differences in behaviors and ways of life. At one time, apes were classified as a single group of primates, but today most zoologists divide them into two distinct families: the lesser apes, or gibbons, and the great apes. Gibbons are similar to monkeys, with lithe, slender bodies and extremely agile movements. Gibbons spend all of their lives in trees, using their hands like hooks to swing arm-over-arm between branches. Known as brachiation, this method of locomotion is so fast that gibbons can easily overtake a person running on the forest floor.

91. Primates@Everything2.com Order primates (Zoological Latin, from primas, first ) mammal white handedgibbon Human evolution Golden Spider Monkey http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node=Primates

92. INPRIMAT the evolution of primate brain structure. (USA) The gibbon Research Lab. Offersan introduction to the natural history of the gibbons or small apes http://www.inprimat.org/Default.aspx?menu=8&submenu=-1

93. NORTHEAST VIGIL: The Largest Repository Of Information On The Northeast joint project on primates for conserving the endangered hoolock gibbons of The hoolock gibbons of Meghalaya have suddenly aroused a great interest http://www.northeastvigil.com/news/index.php?itemid=1487

94. Search For Abused Primates In Vietnam SINCE 1973 WORKING TO PROTECT GIBBONS AND ALL LIVING primates This gibbonwas confiscated and sent to the Endangered Primate Rescue Center in Cuc http://www.ippl.org/09-28-04-11.html

International Primate Protection League SINCE 1973: WORKING TO PROTECT GIBBONS AND ALL LIVING PRIMATES Search for Abused Primates In Vietnam August 2004 In May 2004, IPPL was contacted by Dr. Dorothy Braudy of Los Angeles, USA, who was distressed at the sight of many mistreated animals, three of them primates, during a visit to the Cu Chi Tunnels, a tourist attraction outside Saigon, Vietnam. Dr. Braudy wrote to IPPL: Near the entrance at the Cu Chi tunnels outside of Saigon there is a large cage with three primates. I believe one is a douc langur. The other two are possibly gibbons or lemurs. Their cage is under the broiling sun with no shelter. Macaque at Cu Chi tunnels © Terry Whittaker There is nothing for them to climb on. There seemed to be a small bowl of water. Nothing else. The langur seemed terrified. I would be most grateful if a veterinarian from Saigon could take a look at this situation. Unfortunately IPPL does not have an office in Vietnam, but we were very fortunate to establish contact with Terry Whittaker, a primatology student in Hanoi who is also an expert photographer (you can see some of his work on his Web site at www.terrywhittaker.com

95. Frontlines - Primates On The Brink A new report titled, primates in Peril The World’s 25 Most Endangered primates are taken as pets – notably orangutans and gibbons – they are most http://www.conservation.org/xp/frontlines/species/04070501.xml

eNewsletter Contact Us Credits Search ... Print Edition Primates On the Brink One in Four of Mankind’s Closest Living Relatives are at Risk of Extinction They are mankind’s closest living relatives – thinking, feeling beings that use their hands as we do to shape their surroundings and hold their offspring. Their calls and songs echo through the trees, and we can see some of ourselves in their eyes. A new report titled, "Primates in Peril: The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates – 2004-2006" The 48-page document issued by the Primate Specialist Group of IUCN-The World Conservation Union’s Species Survival Commission (SSC) and the International Primatological Society (IPS), in collaboration with Conservation International (CI), makes clear that failure to respond will bring the first primate extinctions in over a century. “More and more, mankind’s closest living relatives are being cornered into shrinking areas of tropical forest,” CI President Russell A. Mittermeier said. Mittermeier, who also chairs the IUCN-SSC Primate Specialist Group, witnessed the scope of the problem on a recent trip to Indonesia’s Mentawai Islands off Sumatra. "Although these four small islands cover only about 7,000 square kilometers (slightly larger than the state of Delaware), they have an amazing seven endemic primates, including an entire genus – Simias, the pig-tailed langur – that is Critically Endangered," he said. "Incredibly, these tiny islands are still being logged, and the monkeys occurring there are still hunted for food."

96. Conservation International - CI Newsroom - Press Releases - Primates On The Brin primates in Peril The World’s 25 Most Endangered primates—20042006 reveals primates are taken as pets-notably orangutans and gibbons -they are most http://www.conservation.org/xp/news/press_releases/2005/040705.xml

eNewsletter eCards Contact Us CI Sites ... Site Map April 7, 2005 Press Releases CI in the News Media Contacts Images and Footage ... Public Service Announcements We are all stakeholders in the future of our planet. Make an online donation now . Or click here to learn how your support will help CI in its fight to save biodiversity. Primates On the Brink New Report on 25 Most Endangered Primates Shows Mankind’s Closest Living Relatives Under Threat Around the World Antananarivo, Madagascar The golden-headed langur of Vietnam and China’s Hainan gibbon number only in the dozens. The Horton Plains slender loris of Sri Lanka has been sighted just four times since 1937. Perrier’s sifaka of Madagascar and the Tana River red colobus of Kenya are now restricted to tiny patches of tropical forest, leaving them vulnerable to rapid eradication. Hunters kill primates for food and to sell the meat, traders capture them for live sale, and loggers, farmers, and land developers destroy their habitat. "More and more, mankind’s closest living relatives are being cornered into shrinking areas of tropical forest," said CI President Russell A. Mittermeier, who also chairs the IUCN-SSC Primate Specialist Group. "This is especially true of Madagascar, one of the planet’s biodiversity hotspots that has lost most of its original forest cover. More than half its lemurs, none found anywhere else in the world, are threatened with extinction. Without immediate steps to protect these unique creatures and their habitat, we will lose more of our planet’s natural heritage forever."

97. Siamang Gibbon --  Britannica Student Encyclopedia Siamang gibbon large primate inhabiting Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula, notedespecially for its unusual and resonant vocalizations. http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article-9313527

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in This Article's Table of Contents Siamang gibbon Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Siamang gibbon Student Encyclopedia Article Page 1 of 1 Siamang ( Hylobates syndactylus Anthony Mercieca/Shostal Associates large primate inhabiting Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula, noted especially for its unusual and resonant vocalizations. Although it is considerably larger than the other gibbons Siamang gibbon... (75 of 775 words) var mm = [["Jan.","January"],["Feb.","February"],["Mar.","March"],["Apr.","April"],["May","May"],["June","June"],["July","July"],["Aug.","August"],["Sept.","September"],["Oct.","October"],["Nov.","November"],["Dec.","December"]]; To cite this page: MLA style: "Siamang gibbon."

98. Thrigby Hall - Primates primates include lemurs, monkeys, apes (and humans). Gibbons and Siamang aretermed lesser apes , because they are smaller than the better known great http://www.thrigby.plus.com/page7.htm

Primates Primates include lemurs, monkeys, apes (and humans). The early ancestors probably looked like present day Tree Shrews to be seen in the Forest House. The development of the 'opposable thumb' which allows the hand to grip objects, is thought to be a characteristic which has helped primates advance their position in evolutionary development. Surprisingly perhaps, a few monkeys including the Javan Brown Langur have shown a trend towards a reduction in thumb length. This may be for under tree limb movement when thumbs would be in the way for reaching and grasping the next branch. Another adaption, which helps facilitate digestion, is an expansive stomach to allow for the fermentation by bacteria of their specialised diet of leaves. They also have the ability to deal with plan toxins that would kill other monkeys. Langur Gibbons and Siamang Gibbons and Siamang are termed 'lesser apes', because they are smaller than the better known 'great apes'; Orang-utans of S.E. Asia, Gorillas and Chimpanzees of Africa. Gibbons live in the tropical forests of Southeast Asia. Long arms and 'hooked' hands are used for swinging (or brachiating) from branch to branch. Loud calls often duets, which may be heard here serve to maintain pair bonds and exclude neighbouring groups by calling 'territory occupied'

99. The Primates: Apes Apes and humans differ from all of the other primates in that they lack external The smallest and the most arboreal apes are the gibbons and siamangs. http://anthro.palomar.edu/primate/prim_7.htm

Apes Apes and humans differ from all of the other primates in that they lack external tails . They also are more intelligent and more dependent for survival on learned behavior patterns. This is especially true of the great apes and people. All of the apes and humans are members of the same superfamily, the Hominoidea . Within the Hominoidea , there are at least two families of apes and one of humans. 1. Hylobatidae (gibbons , and siamangs 2. Pongidae (orangutans gorillas , chimpanzees , and bonobos 3. Hominidae (humans) G ibbons siamangs , and o rangutans live in Southeast Asia, while gorillas, chimpanzees, and bonobos are exclusively African apes. Natural range of the apes Asian Apes The smallest and the most arboreal apes are the gibbons and siamangs Because of their diminutive size, these members of the family Hylobatidae are also referred to as the "lesser apes." Adult gibbons are only about 3 feet (90 cm.) tall standing upright and 1 pounds (5.5-9 kg.)

100. Log In Problems The finding of this new gibbon virus, which clusters with a related chimpanzeevirus in The first set comprises all available primate ?herpesvirus DNA http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/474839

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