81. Orkustofnun - Geysers, Hot Springs And Hot Pools forecast committee Gagnavefsjá Map server. geysers, hot springs and hotpools. Geothermal fluids in geysers and hot springs Steam vent areas http://www.os.is/Apps/WebObjects/Orkustofnun.woa/wa/dp?id=1055

82. On Campus News very hot and boiling water in geysers and hot spring vents harbored no life . It was filmed last summer at the Waiotapu hot springs in New Zealand. http://www.usask.ca/communications/ocn/Jan22-99/profile.html

January 22, 1999 Volume 6, Number 9 About OCN Cover Story Other ... World Wide Web PROFILE U of S geologist tracks microbes in extreme environments Professor Robin Renaut in his office. "In what other discipline can you work in Kenya one summer, New Zealand in the February break, and be 4,000 metres up in the Andes the next year?" Professor Robin Renaut , a sedimentary geologist in Geological Sciences, considers himself privileged to work "in a dynamic department where, without exception, everyone is involved with research." His own research - into the role of microbes in mineral precipitation at high temperatures - takes him to exotic locations around the world to seek out geyser and hot-spring activity. "In what other discipline can you work in Kenya one summer, New Zealand in the February break, and be 4,000 metres up in the Andes the next year?" While tracking microbes may seem esoteric, Renaut's work has wide scientific implications and, as evidenced by a number of recent honors, including a television production featuring his and colleagues' work, is regarded by some sedimentary geologists as iconoclastic. "The accepted view until about 20 years ago was that very hot and boiling water in geysers and hot spring vents harbored no life. Microbiologists then discovered bacteria and archea living in boiling waters at Yellowstone. We've shown not only that these environments are teaming with life, but also that the microbes help to build many of the rocks in such settings.

83. Robin W. Renaut: Selected Publications Microbial precipitates around continental hot springs and geysers. Formation ofsilica oncoids around geysers and hot springs at El Tatio, http://www.usask.ca/geology/nfaculty/rwr/renaut_pub.html

Jones, B., Renaut, R.W., Owen, R.B. and Torfason, H. Sedimentology. Jones, B., Renaut, R.W. and Konhauser, K.O. (in press) Genesis of large siliceous stromatolites at Frying Pan Lake, Waimangu geothermal field, North Island, New Zealand Sedimentology. Renaut, R.W., and Owen, R.B. 2005. The geysers of Lake Bogoria, Kenya Rift Valley, Africa. GOSA Transactions Phoenix, V.R., Renaut, R.W., Jones, B. and Ferris, F.G. 2005. Bacterial S-layer preservation and rare arsenic-antimony-sulphide bio-immobilization in siliceous sediments from Champagne Pool hot-spring, Waiotapu, New Zealand. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 162: Jones, B., Renaut, R.W and Rosen, M.R. 2005. Taxonomic fidelity of silicified microbes from hot spring systems in the Taupo Volcanic Zone, North Island, New Zealand. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences Konhauser, K.O., Jones, B., Phoenix, V. R., Ferris, G. and Renaut, R.W.

84. YellowstonePark :: Watch Old Faithful And The Other Geysers Of Yellowstone Yellowstone is home to over 10000 hot springs and geysers. About 250300 geyserserupt here every year. Some erupt faithfully, while others we don t http://www.yellowstonepark.com/things/details.asp?nthingid=1&nthingnm=Watch Yell

85. Come To Yellowstone To Watch Old Faithful And Geysers Erupt Yellowstone is home to over 10000 hot springs and geysers. Some of Yellowstone’s300 geysers erupt yearly. Some erupt faithfully, while others we don’t http://www.yellowstonepark.com/things/thingstodo_details.asp?magacatid=5&magasub

86. Yellowstone Fountain Paint Pots an area of hot springs, geysers, fumaroles, and mud pots..this hot spring is colored a beautiful blue (azure? turquoise? aquamarine? http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~satyen/pictures/Yellowstone/

Yellowstone Spectacular view as we approached Yellowstone.. this is just inside Wyoming. Clearly a harbinger of better things to come! Pelicans in the backwaters of a dam on Lake Jackson, Grand Tetons National Park. Notice the funny shape of their beaks A close up of a pelican The Grand Tetons on the shores of Lake Jackson Karnik, the photographer, photographed Gibbon Falls - we saw this on an almost daily basis as it was right on the way to Norris Geyser Basin Pallete Spring at Mammoth Hot Springs.. hot springs spewing hatoos and limestone.. A couple of elks grazing near Mammoth Hot Springs, blissfully unaware of the turmoil under the ground Anjali doing her schoolgirl/Little Red Riding Hood impression, complete with a lollipop Little Red Riding Hood de-hooded Liberty Cap. Remnants of a geyser, perhaps? The cone was formed by the limestone deposits of dead geyser.. Minerva Terrace. Travertine limestone terraces at Mammoth Hot Springs Another view of Minerva Terrace Yet another view of Minerva Terrace.. notice the intricate pattern formed by ages of limestone deposition Random close-up shot Yet another random close-up Hot springs at the top of Mammoth Hot Springs A colorful pool at Mammoth.. the amazing colors are formed by colonies of "thermophiles" - which are heat-loving microorganisms such as bacteria and algae which live in the hot springs

87. BBC NEWS | Science/Nature | Quake Unblocked Distant Geysers were triggered by the shock waves, many of them near hot springs and geysers . Several small hot springs, not known to have geysered before, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3769921.stm

News Sport Weather World Service ... Newswatch Last Updated: Wednesday, 2 June, 2004, 12:58 GMT 13:58 UK E-mail this to a friend Printable version Quake unblocked distant geysers By Dr David Whitehouse BBC News Online science editor Castle Geyser erupted less often after the quake A major earthquake in Alaska in 2002 set off lots of smaller quakes in the Yellowstone National Park about 3,000 km away, say scientists. Within hours geysers in the park changed their eruption patterns, according to the journal Geology. Researchers believe that earthquakes keep geysers alive by periodically shaking loose clogged channels. The Alaskan earthquake was one of the strongest in North America in the past 150 years. Thousand smaller quakes Robert Smith, of the University of Utah, says his team's study shows that large earthquakes at great distances can have profound effects on the Yellowstone geysers. "We did not expect to see these prolonged changes in the hydrothermal system," he said. The geysers showed changes just a few hours after the shock waves from the 3 November Alaskan earthquake passed through.

88. EBooks.com - Our Earth EBook geysers and hot springs. hot springs occur when underground water is heated up geysers are hot springs that spout water and steam at regular intervals. http://usa2.ebooks.com/ebooks/book_display.asp?IID=225271

89. Spring Photo, Spring Photos, Phillip Colla Natural History Photography :: Online A sign warns Yellowstone visitors to beware of geysers, hot springs and Unidentified hot spring, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park. http://www.oceanlight.com/lightbox.php?x0=natural_world&x1=geothermal_features&x

90. Yellowstone Geysers: Upper Geyser Basin The geysers and hot springs in Upper Geyser Basin reach the surface because the As at West Thumb, the hot springs of Upper Geyser Basin are colored by http://www.yellowstoneparknet.com/geothermal_features/upper_geyser_basin.php

TRAVEL GUIDES : Yellowstone Grand Teton Big Sky Bozeman Cody Jackson Hole Red Lodge West Yellowstone Yellowstone Geysers: Upper Geyser Basin home site map about us request a link ... WIN A TRIP! supporters Snowmobile Tours, JH RV Parks / Campgrounds Yellowstone Lodging Attractions ... SEND THIS PAGE TO A FRIEND Upper Geyser Basin Upper Basin Geyser Cone Tour the Old Faithful Visitor Center, consult the list of geyser eruption times predicted by the Yellowstone National Park Service, and buy one of The Yellowstone Association's inexpensive Old Faithful brochures, which includes a trail map and descriptions of individual geysers and springs. See Old Faithful, then take the Geyser Trail to begin a roughly 3 mile loop walk on the boardwalk across Geyser Hill, then past Giantess, Grand, Giant, Grotto, and Riverside geysers to Morning Glory Pool. Then return to Old Faithful by way of Daisy and Castle geysers. Shorter loops are available. Stay on the boardwalk to avoid damaging vegetation and brittle, delicate mineral deposits from the hot springs and geysers. Geyser Hill purportedly contains one of the world's greatest concentrations of geysers. Giantess usually erupts only a few times a year, rising to heights greater than Old Faithful. Giantess' underground water supply is connected to other geysers on the hill. When it erupts, the other geysers erupt less frequently and less vigorously. Valt Geyser was dormant since 1988 until it was reactivated by a 1998 earthquake.

91. Edison - 6th Grade Teams geysers and hot springs animation, uses shock wave; Excellent informationpresented in an geysers hot springs - text info with photos - basic facts. http://www.westfieldnj.com/eis/team6/6science_ch14_15.htm

HOME STAFF CALENDAR SUBJECTS ... PTSO Edison Intermediate School 800 Rahway Avenue · Westfield, NJ 07090 6th grade Science Interactive Sites Slide Shows Movies/Animation Used in class at home experiment experiment quiz graphic animated photograph Check back for updates You can receive extra credit by filling out an evaluation form. Click on the picture below to view a printable evaluation form, or pick up an evaluation form from your teacher. = evaluation form You can obtain extra credit by completing one of the two options below: Visit at least three different websites. Complete an evaluation form for two of the sites you liked best. -OR- Some websites are very large and are subdivided into different areas. An example of this is Brainpop. At a site like Brainpop, visit three different topic sites, or view three different movies. Complete an evaluation form for two areas within Brainpop. Ask your teacher if you have any questions. Click on topic: Water Sites Hydrologic Cycle sites Rivers and Streams and Erosion sites Drainage Basins Sites ... Glaciers, Weathering and Erosion sites

92. Planet Ark : Alaska Quake Affected Yellowstone Geysers - Study They monitored 22 of Yellowstone s 10000 geysers, hot springs and steam vents . But they have since found out that hot springs and geysers were affected. http://www.planetark.org/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/25329/story.htm

Subscribe to daily environment news Cartridges 4 Planet Ark Planet Ark Home Our UK Home Page Select a topic from this pull-down menu Read the latest Reuters World Environment News Look at the latest Reuters Environment News Pictures Receive free daily news headlines via email Search the Planet Ark News Archive Find out about National Tree Day Visit the Planet Ark Media Centre Who are Planet Ark? Find out about Planet Ark's campaigns Find out about the local recycling services available in your area Alaska Quake Affected Yellowstone Geysers - Study Mail this story to a friend Printer friendly version USA: June 1, 2004 WASHINGTON - A powerful earthquake that shook Alaska in 2002 affected geysers and hot springs at Yellowstone National Park nearly 2,000 miles away in Wyoming, scientists have reported. The magnitude 7.9 Denali fault earthquake in November 2002 was known to have triggered smaller quakes across much of the U.S. West, but its effect on geysers was previously unknown, a team at the University of Utah said. They monitored 22 of Yellowstone's 10,000 geysers, hot springs and steam vents. Eight "displayed notable changes in their eruption intervals" after the quake, they found.

93. CVO Website - Geothermal And Hydrothermal Activity Fumaroles, geysers, hot springs, Mud Pots, etc. geysers, fumaroles (alsocalled solfataras), and hot springs are generally found in regions of young http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/ThermalActivity/description_thermal_activity.

USGS/Cascades Volcano Observatory, Vancouver, Washington DESCRIPTION: Geothermal Energy and Hydrothermal Activity Fumaroles, Hot Springs, Geysers Hydrothermal Activity - Hydrothermal Alteration Fumaroles, Geysers, Hot Springs, Mud Pots, etc. Geothermal Energy Casa Diablo Hot Springs and Geothermal Facility, Long Valley Caldera, California Coso Volcanic Field Geothermal Area, California Crater Rock Fumarole Fields, Mount Hood, Oregon Dorr Fumarole Field, Mount Baker, Washington Geysers Geothermal Field, Clear Lake Volcanic Field, California Lassen Peak Hydrothermal Activity, California Newberry Geothermal Pilot Project, Newberry Caldera, Oregon New Zealand Volcanoes Rainier Fumarole Fields, Mount Rainier, Washington Salton Sea Geothermal Field, Salton Buttes, California Steamboat Springs, Nevada Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming Hydrothermal Activity - Hydrothermal Alteration From: Gardner, et.al., 1995, Potential Volcanic Hazards from Future Activity of Mount Baker, Washington: USGS Open-File Report 95-498 Hydrothermal - pertains to hot water or the action of heated water, often considered heated by

94. The Ancient Environment And Modern Analogues In some areas, the cooled overflow from geysers and hot springs may become ponded hot springs and geyser vents may become dormant due to changes in the http://www.abdn.ac.uk/rhynie/analogueslgscl.htm

The Ancient Environment and Modern Analogues: Large-scale features The spatial distribution of the biota with respect to the hot springs, apart from available soil moisture, nutrients and sunlight, is dependant primarily on two environmental factors: water temperature and pH. Both these factors are important, especially in hot spring areas, because different forms of life have specific tolerances to both, and thus temperature and pH tend to govern which plants and animals may flourish. These constraints would also have been applicable at Rhynie 400 million years ago. The following table gives a general idea of the upper temperature limits of a number of animals, plants and micro-organisms (after Brock 1994 Group Upper temperature limits ( o C) Animals Fish Insects Ostracods (crustaceans) Plants Vascular plants Mosses Eukaryotic micro-organisms Protozoa Algae Fungi Prokaryotes Bacteria Cyanobacteria (O producing photosynthetic bacteria) Other photosynthetic bacteria (do not produce O Heterotrophic bacteria (use organic nutrients) Archaea Methane-producing bacteria Sulphur-dependant bacteria Eukaryotic organisms are unable to adapt to high temperatures, the upper limit (for fungi) being 60-62

95. Hot Springs - Yellowstone National Park Emerald hot Spring glows green. Emerald Spring Norris Geyser Basin View theanatomy of a hot spring In the high mountains surrounding the Yellowstone http://www.nps.gov/yell/nature/geothermal/hotsprng.htm

LINKS: Geothermal Features Home Hot Springs Mud Pots Fumaroles Mammoth Terraces ... Geysers GENERAL: Back to 'Nature' Hot Springs and How They Work Emerald Spring Norris Geyser Basin anatomy of a hot spring Sinking to a depth of nearly 10,000 feet, this cold water comes into contact with the hot rocks associated with the shallow magma chamber beneath the surface. As the water is heated, its temperatures rise well above the boiling point to become superheated. This superheated water, however, remains in a liquid state due to the great pressure and weight pushing down on it from overlying rock and water. The result is something akin to a giant pressure cooker, with water temperatures in excess of 400 F. The highly energized water is less dense than the colder, heavier water sinking around it. This creates convection currents that allow the lighter, more buoyant, superheated water to begin its slow, arduous journey back toward the surface through rhyolitic lava flows, following the cracks, fissures, and weak areas of the earth’s crust. Rhyolite is essential to geysers because it contains an abundance of silica, the mineral from which glass is made. As the hot water travels through this "natural plumbing system," the high temperatures dissolve some of the silica in the rhyolite, yielding a solution of silica within the water.

96. Hot Springs Of The Oregon Outback hot Water Blue Fish hot water blue fish in the geyser s pool Both Hunter sand Summer Lake hot springs have recently acquired new owners, http://www.roadtripamerica.com/places/hot.htm

More Places Send this page to a friend Get RoadTrip Report More RoadTrip Stuff RTA Books Scenic Drives Funny Signs Gizmo Game Road Music Simmer Until Done The historic hot pool at Summer Lake Hot Springs Hot Springs of the Oregon Outback From fishing to birdwatching, hang gliding to rock hounding, Oregon's high desert offers a wide variety of outdoor activities. Among the are a's most appealing natural wonders are the hot springs at Lakeview and Summer Lake. Since they were developed as resorts and therapeutic sanitaria in the early part of the century, these historic landmarks have attracted visitors from all over the world. Hunter's Hot Springs lies just outside Lakeview on Highway 395. When the site was developed in the 1920's, three geysers were struck. One of them, "Old Perpetual," still spouts hot water to a height of over fifty feet every ninety seconds. It's the only active geyser in the far west, and the pond surrounding it features blue fish that have adapted to life in hot water. In addition to its natural fountain, Hunter's Hot Springs has a motel and a large hot pool open to the sky. "Old Perpetual" Geyser

97. Scenic Images Of Yellowstone National Park Mammoth hot springs are the main attraction of the Mammoth They includegeysers, hot pools, fumaroles (steam vents) and mudpots. (hot_pool) http://travelyellowstone.com/galleries/scenics.htm

Scenic Images of Yellowstone National Park Old Faithful Geyser. The Old Faithful Geyser erupts more frequently than any of the other big geysers, although it is not the largest or most regular geyser in the park. (old_faithful_4c) Size: 39111 bytes (5.59 seconds at 56Kbps). Sunrise at Old Faithful. Almost everyone that goes to Yellowstone watches at least one eruption of Old Faithful geyser. Old Faithful is just one of many geysers worth seeing. (old_faithful_01) Size: 34066 bytes (4.87 seconds at 56Kbps). Pelicans in Hayden Valley. White pelicans are a common site along the Yellowstone River in Hayden Valley. (pelican_parks) Size: 40417 bytes (5.77 seconds at 56Kbps). Hayden Valley. The valley's rolling meadows are an important winter range for bison and elk, and a year-round haven for bison, elk, deer, moose, and predators such as grizzly bears and coyotes. (field_w_bison) Size: 56974 bytes (8.14 seconds at 56Kbps). Yellowstone River. The Yellowstone River is the last major undammed river in the lower 48 states. It begins in the Absaroka Mountain Range on Yount Peak, eventually crashing over the Upper and Lower falls of the Grand Canyon. (yellowstone_scenery) Size: 36532 bytes (5.22 seconds at 56Kbps).

98. Life At High TemperaturesLife At High Temperatures The thermophilic bacteria that live in the Yellowstone hot springs have been The large spring above, near Great Fountain Geyser, was the source of the http://www.bact.wisc.edu/Bact303/b27

Life at High Temperatures by Thomas D. Brock Biotechnology in Yellowstone The thermophilic bacteria that live in the Yellowstone hot springs have been the foundation of impressive developments in medicine and biotechnology. The unique thermostable enzymes of these bacteria are finding wide industrial and medical use, and have become the basis of a multimillion dollar industry! When researchers began to study the biology of Yellowstone hot springs in the 1960s, the presence of these hyperthermophilic bacteria was not suspected. The upper temperature limit for life was thought to be around 73 degrees C (163 degrees F), which was actually the limit for photosynthetic organisms such as cyanobacteria. The preferred temperature for thermophilic bacteria was considered even lower, around 55 degrees C (131 degrees F). Because of the known effects of heat on biological structures such as proteins and DNA, it was thought that life at higher temperatures would be impossible. In fact, biochemists have known for over 100 years that enzymes (key cellular proteins) are destroyed by boiling. However, field observations in Yellowstone showed that in certain springs bacteria existed at much higher temperatures. Although these springs were rather small and not especially conspicuous among the impressive geysers and giant hot pools of the Yellowstone thermal basins, they were impressive microbial culture systems and turned out to be of great scientific and intellectual interest. It turns out that the enzymes of Yellowstone thermophiles are very tolerant of heat and are active even at boiling water temperatures.

99. Hydrothermal Features Of Yellowstone hot springs and other thermal features are also visible. Actually, Old Faithfulhas been a geyser for about 200300 years (and a hot spring for 750 http://www.shannontech.com/ParkVision/Yellowstone/YwThermal.html

Home Parks About the Site News Hydrothermal Features of Yellowstone This document contains additional information about the hydrothermal features of Yellowstone National Park. Other pictures are available on the main page The park itself contains a number of different types of hydrothermal features. Geysers occur when heated water rising from deep within the ground is discharged periodically and explosively. With hot springs, this water is discharged at a steady, non-explosive rate. Mud pots feature a limited amount of hot water mixed with clay. When mud is expelled from the hydrothermal feature it is termed a mud volcano. Fumaroles emit water vapor and gasses such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. Examples of most of these features can be found below. Upper Geyser Basin The best known of the hydrothermal areas in Yellowstone is the Upper Geyser Basin, location of Old Faithful. This basin contains the world's greatest concentration of geysers with 130, a quarter of the world's total. Hot springs and other thermal features are also visible. Old Faithful itself erupts on an average every 70-80 minutes, but ranges anywhere between 33 and 120 minutes. The eruptions last about 1 1/2 to 5 minutes, expel around 3700-8400 gallons of water, and reach a height of about 130 feet and . Actually, Old Faithful has been a geyser for about 200-300 years (and a hot spring for 750 years) and as time goes along the interval between eruptions has been increasing. It increased perceptibly after the Hebgen Lake Earthquake in 1959. Two views of this most popular of all geysers during an eruption are shown below.

100. Yellowstone National Park Geothermal Features Among the geothermal features found in Yellowstone are numerous geysers, hotsprings, bubbling mud pots, and hot spring terraces. http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/image_galleries/ir_yellowstone/lessons/geothe

Geothermal Features of Yellowstone National Park In 1872 Yellowstone National Park was established as the world's first national park. It is located in northwest Wyoming and extends into Montana and Idaho. Covering 2,219,791 acres, it is about the size of Rhode Island and Delaware combined! Yellowstone National Park is in a huge volcanic basin which was the site of several massive volcanic eruptions, the last of which occured about 600,000 years ago. Yellowstone National Park is a region of incredible beauty, abundant wildlife and amazing geothermal features. Among the geothermal features found in Yellowstone are numerous geysers, hot springs, bubbling mud pots, and hot spring terraces. Hot Springs Geysers More than 75% of the world's geysers, including the world's largest are found at Yellowstone. A geyser is a hot spring which erupts periodically. These eruptions are caused by the buildup of hot water and steam trapped by constrictions in the "plumbing system" of a hot spring. When enough pressure builds up the geyser erupts, ejecting a column of hot water and steam into the air. As the eruption begins, and water is released at the surface, the pressure of the hotter water much farther below the surface drops suddenly. This causes huge explosions of steam and the bursting of superheated water into the sky. Old Faithful, the park's most famous geyser, is the most frequently erupting large geyser in Yellowstone National Park. It erupts every 66 to 80 minutes.

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