61. Reporters Sans Frontières - Third Annual Worldwide Press Freedom Index georgia s fall to 94th position is largely due to unrest in the autonomousrepublics of Adzhara and Abkhazia, Europe and former ussr Middle East http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=11712

62. The Jamestown Foundation It is very hard to measure emigration from georgia, because the statistical emigrated outside the former ussr in 1990, 3876 in 1991, and 2920 in 1992. http://www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=5&issue_id=287&artic

63. A Pipeline Of Trouble In Georgia (former Soviet Republic A pipeline of trouble in georgia (former Soviet Republic) Both the US andthe new georgian government of Presidentelect Saakashvili have urged Russia http://www.independent-media.tv/item.cfm?fmedia_id=5247&fcategory_desc=Georgia (

64. 9th IACC: Lessons Learned In Instituting Legal Reforms: Case Study From Georgia The traditional economical connections with regions of former ussr has been Collapse of ussr caused collapse of georgia s economical system itself. http://www.transparency.org/iacc/9th_iacc/papers/day1/ws2/d1ws2_gkiknadze.html

TI-Home Lima Declaration Durban ... Commitment The 9th International Anti-Corruption Conference The Papers Fighting Corruption in Transition Economies Lessons Learned in Instituting Legal Reforms: Case Study from Georgia Gia Kiknadze Deputy Chairman, Corruption Research Centre I would like to address you on the issue of the corruption in Georgia and the reforms that have taken place to combat it. I would like to talk about its scale and specifications, and what government and the public have done from the political and legal point of view to reduce. I won't be an original if I say that there is corruption in all of the countries and in general this is caused by wrong and ineffective management of the state itself. So that is why the direct methods of fighting with corruption, as a rule, do not give an expected result. The main goal for the state to fight should be elimination of the mistakes and errors while implementing its functions. It should identify the reasons of these mistakes and correct them. In order to clarify the scale of corruption in Georgia, and the logic of the steps taken against it, I would like to mention the factors which created the condition for appearing of so called "Georgian Corruption".

65. CIA World Factbook *georgia, Header Note georgia is currently besieged by conflicts driven by hosiery, and shoes Agriculture accounted for 97% of former ussr citrus http://es.rice.edu/projects/Poli378/CIA_Factbook/georgia.html

Desired record (!90) from CIA World Factbook: Georgia

66. InterOpp.org - Glossary Of Terms And Acronyms former ussr/Eastern Europe (former ussr/EE), The middle group in the Socialist countries, In general, countries in which the government owns and plans http://www.interopp.org/interopp/htm/glossary_p.htm

Back to Standard Web Page Glossary Advanced developing countries Another term for those less developed countries (LDCs) with particularly rapid industrial development. Advanced economies A new term used by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for the top group in its hierarchy of advanced economies, countries in transition, and developing countries; recently published IMF statistics include the following 28 advanced economies: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, UK, US; note - this group would presumably also cover the following seven smaller countries of Andorra, Bermuda, Faroe Islands, Holy See, Liechtenstein, Monaco, and San Marino which are included in the more comprehensive group of "developed countries". Advisor A person who renders assistance on field projects. See Financial Issues for more information. Associations An industry organization which provides a resource to advisors. The US-based InterAction and the European ICVA, both associations of private voluntary organizations, are examples.

67. Kvali Online Magazine and the most businessfriendly state in the former ussr. Saakashviliacknowledged that georgia’s hopes of attracting foreign investment would be http://www.kvali.com/kvali/index.asp?obiektivi=show&n=193

68. FAO Fisheries Department Review Of The State Of World Aquaculture FORMER USSR AR former ussr Area. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, georgia, Appropriategovernment intervention for the rehabilitation of the sector is necessary. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/w7499e/w7499e09.htm

3.5 Former USSR Area Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan Barg, U. Production and production trends Figure 3.5.1. Total aquaculture production in 1995 in the countries of the former USSR area amounted to 161,000 mt, valued at US$395 million. The contribution of this region to world total aquaculture production and value in 1995 was 0.6% and 0.9%, respectively. Total production in the region has decreased since 1984, when total aquaculture production in the former USSR was 271,000 mt, valued at US$313.7 million. The decrease in production (APR 1984-1995, -4.6), and the increase of its value (APR 1984-1995, 2.1), however, were not continuous throughout this period ( Figure 3.5.1 ). Production and value showed significant increases from 1984 to 1990 (APR 6.9 for production, and 18.1 for value), when total aquaculture production peaked at 404,000 mt, valued at US$856.1 million. In 1990, this region contributed 2.6% in terms of production and 3.2% in terms of value to world aquaculture production. There was a drastic decrease in total production and value from 1990 to 1991 of 36.6% and 34.2%, respectively, when production and value dropped to 256,000 mt and US$563.6 million, respectively. Since 1991, total production and value of aquaculture have continued to decrease, although at slower rates, with APRs (1991-1995) of about -11.0 for production and -8.5 for value. Total production in 1994 was 171,000 mt, valued at US$417.3 million The decrease in production for the 1994-1995 period (6.1% for production, and 5.3% for value) may indicate that the rate of decline in aquaculture production, and its value, is slowing.

69. Aquaculture Development Trends In The Countries Of The Former USSR Area Seven countries of the former ussr area (Armenia, Azerbaijan, georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Throughout the region, the national governments need to create an http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/AB412E/ab412e25.htm

Aquaculture Development Trends in the Countries of the Former USSR Area Laszlo Varadi , Sergey Blokhin , Ferenc Pekar Istvan Szucs and Imre Csavas Fish Culture Research Institute, P.O. Box 47 H-5541 Szarvas, Hungary ABSTRACT: KEY WORDS: Former USSR, Aquaculture, Fish Farming, Development, Aquatic Production. Introduction It is within this context of dramatic social and economic change within a large region, that the development and contribution of aquaculture in the countries of the former USSR area is made. Analysis of production, demand and consumption trends Statistical data indicate a significant and unfortunate decrease in fish consumption in the countries of the former USSR area during recent years. Annual fish consumption was at its highest level, 30 kg/caput, in the mid-1980s, but has shown a gradual decrease since that time. Average fish consumption was 33 percent lower during the period 1991-1995 than for 1986-1990, compared to a reduction of 8 percent for meat. Recent information indicates that the negative trend has halted and even been reversed, resulting in an increase (FAO, 2000a).

70. 8. Conflict Management In The Former USSR And World Experience 5 Ethnic conflicts in the former ussr history and lessons Depending uponthe nature of the government and the conflict management approach chosen, http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu12ee/uu12ee0g.htm

Contents Previous Next 8. Conflict management in the former USSR and world experience Victor A. Kremenyuk Victor A. Kremenyuk 1 Introduction 2 On the notion of "conflict management" 3 Two cultures of conflict management 4 Ethnic conflicts as objects of management ... 6. Conclusion: Learning lessons 1 Introduction We shall begin by analysing the notion of "conflict management" as it is treated in this article and as it has long been understood in European and non-European tradition. The specifics of "conflict" in various political and social cultures, and attitudes toward conflict, are studied further as a part of the whole problem of managing multiethnic societies under conditions of devolution of power. These stages of analysis permit us to describe typical approaches to conflict management in the former USSR and in some major Western nations. Comparative analysis may help us to see how the process of conflict management is connected with the process of nation-building, depending upon historical development, types of political culture, the nature and type of conflict, and the effectiveness of conflict management. 2 On the notion of "conflict management"

71. Life In Airstrip One...: Headlines From The Former USSR Headlines from the former ussr. It s been a while since I ve posted some Russia responded by halting negotiations with the Georgian government. http://www.lindsayfincher.com/archives/000238.html

« August 26, 1920: 19th Amendment Adopted Main My big fat blog upgrade » August 28, 2004 Headlines from the former USSR It's been a while since I've posted some interesting news from Russia...here's a few articles (some of which are several weeks old)... Rule Breakers Get Killed, U.S. Official Told During trade negotiations, a Russian energy official told Assistant U.S. Commerce Secretary William Lash that "People that don't understand the rules get killed" after the discussion turned to the reasons behind Russia's decision to strip ExxonMobil of its rights to a major field in the Far East. "We asked for clarification if he meant financial disaster and he clarified and said, 'No ... physically killed,'" Lash told reporters Wednesday. "It's the most surprising answer I've heard in over 80 countries." A dark and dusty peek into the Russian soul When I went to St. Pete in 2002, our Resident Director sent us to watch a performance of Dostoevsky's The Dream of a Ridiculous Man . Now, I don't know about you, but when I think of "performance" I imagine that it will be held in a theatre, not some sketchy flat at the top of a run down Petersburg apartment building. The performance itself was insane...read the above article to get an idea of what we sat through...I can't describe it any better than the author: When we got to the theatre, I was surprised to find the old woman waiting for us. She told us we were not to go into the theatre, but that we would be going on a little field trip. With the nine other people of the audience, I and my friend followed her out of the theatre entrance and into a backstreet of Petrograd Island. It led to a dark and dingy apartment building, where, we were told, the play was to take place.

72. Press Releases, Statements & Transcripts - Embassy Of The U.S. In Georgia of the former ussr or Zero Option agreement that the Governments of This decision clears the way for georgia to focus on its urgent economic http://georgia.usembassy.gov/releases/release20010222.html

Embassy News U.S. Citizen Services Visas to the U.S. Resources ... Georgian You Are In: Home Ambassador U.S. Mission Public Affairs ... Releases Archive PRESS RELEASE February 22, 2001 U.S. Government welcomes the ratification of "Zero Option" agreement Tbilisi - The United States welcomes the Georgian Parliament's ratification of the "Agreement between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Georgia on the Regulation of Questions of Legal Succession in Connection with the External State Debt and the Assets of the former USSR" or "Zero Option" agreement that the Governments of Russia and Georgia initialed in 1993. This decision clears the way for Georgia to focus on its urgent economic challenges, such as improving revenue collection and implementing the structural reforms necessary to generate sustainable economic growth. The United States understands that ratification of the "Zero Option" clears the way for the Paris Club to discuss Georgia's debt situation at its next meeting in March. The United States is prepared to support generous rescheduling of Georgia's debts. back to top Home Embassy News Citizen Service ... Webmaster

73. Workers World [Sam Marcy]: Why Soviet Peasants Reject Privatization (May 7, 1992 The most significant news regarding developments in the former ussr is so oftenobscured by georgia and Russia are now two independent countries. http://www.workers.org/marcy/cd/sam92/1992html/s920507.htm

Why Soviet peasants reject privatization By Sam Marcy (May 7, 1992) The most significant news regarding developments in the former USSR is so often obscured by capitalist propaganda here that it is well-nigh impossible to divorce fact from fiction. However, it can now be confidently stated that the collective and state farms in the former USSR, rather than having completely fallen victim to privatization, have held up firmly. This was confirmed for the first time in the imperialist press in a front-page article in the New York Times on April 26 by Serge Schmemann. Schmemann boasts of being the descendant of rich Russian landowners who were expropriated by the Russian Revolution. He has become the Times' expert on Soviet agriculture. What kind of economic crisis? Before reviewing the hard facts in Schmemann's article, however, we must ask ourselves, what is the central question with regard to the former USSR? What is causing so much suffering, chaos and even fratricide among the republics and the nationalities? Are they perhaps suffering from the so-called cyclical economic crisis so characteristic of the capitalist system? Has there been a downturn in the economy because of capitalist overproduction?

74. Lithuania : History A new proSoviet government was installed in Lithuania the following June. such as Azerbaijan and georgia, former Communists in Lithuania staged a http://www.omnitel.net/ramunas/Lietuva/lt_history.shtml

22 September 2005 Search site: Site map Search help General Information Visitors Guide ... in Media www.medita.lt Medical equipment Lithuania / History HISTORY Special thanks to the Microsoft Corporation for their contribution to my site. The following information came from Microsoft Encarta Some scholars believe that Lithuanians inhabited the Baltic area as early as 2500 BC; others believe they migrated to the Baltic area about the beginning of the 1st century AD. The first reference to them by name was in AD 1009 in a medieval Prussian manuscript, the Quedlinburg Chronicle. The Medieval Jogailan Empire With the rise of the medieval lords in adjacent Prussia and Russia, Lithuania was constantly subject to invasion and attempted conquest. As a result, a loose federation of Lithuanian tribes was formed in the early Middle Ages. In the 13th century AD, when the Teutonic Knights, a German militaristic religious order, were establishing their power, the Lithuanians resisted; in about 1260 they defeated the order. About a century later a dynasty of grand dukes called the Jogailans established, through conquest, a Lithuanian empire reaching from the Baltic to the Black seas. The Lithuanian Prince Gediminas occupied Belarus and western Ukraine; his son, Grand Duke Algirdas, added the territory between Ukraine and the Black Sea.

75. Chronology: The Rise, Fall, And Aftermath Of The Soviet Bloc 1975 ussr and Eastern European governments sign Helsinki accords breaks outor intensifies in former Soviet republics of Moldova, georgia, Tajikistan, http://s99.middlebury.edu/EC230A/Supplements/Chrons/Chronology.html

Timelines Chronology: The Rise, Fall, and Aftermath of the Soviet Bloc These materials were prepared by Professor Ben Slay for Economics 230, Spring 1998. Contents: The 1940s The 1950s The 1960s The 1970s ... The 1990s • 1928: Stalin imposes the "Stalinist development model" based upon comprehensive five year plans, rapid economic growth, forced industrialization, the liquidation of the private sector, and the forced collectivization of agriculture. • 1939: Nazi Germany and the USSR invade Poland, "starting" World War II. Back to Contents The 1940s • 1949: People's Republic established in China. Tito breaks with Stalin; Yugoslavia leaves the Soviet bloc, and begins the "Yugoslav road to socialism" based on worker and regional self-management. Back to Contents The 1950s Back to Contents The 1960s New Economic Mechanism introduced in Hungary, based on abolition of obligatory output plans for enterprises, and increased importance of financial planning. Warsaw Pact armies intervene in Czechoslovakia to stop the Prague Spring.

76. RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY former autonomies back under the control of the central government. 29 Jun 2005 georgia Is The Country Becoming Progressively Less Democratic? http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2005/07/4a069388-0ca8-4bfa-b533-661f98b46d3

Top News I RFE/RL Newsline I Features I Reports I Specials I RFE/RL Experts Subscribe I Listen I RFE/RL Languages I About RFE/RL I Search I Site Map I Homepage News by Country Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bashkortostan (Russia) Belarus Bosnia-Herzegovina Georgia Iran Iraq Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Macedonia Moldova North Caucasus (Russia) Romania Russia Serbia and Montenegro Tajikistan Tatarstan (Russia) Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan News by Language Afghan [Dari] Afghan [Pashto] Afghan [English] Albanian Arabic [Radio Free Iraq] Armenian Armenian [English] Azerbaijani Belarusian Estonian Georgian Kazakh Kyrgyz Latvian Lithuanian Macedonian Romanian Persian Persian [English] Russian Slovak South Slavic [Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian] Tajik Tatar-Bashkir Ukrainian Uzbek Thursday, 28 July 2005 E-mail this page to a friend Print Version Georgia: Tbilisi's Moves Raise Fears In South Ossetia By Liz Fuller Militia in South Ossetia (file photo) (AFP) The authorities of the unrecognized breakaway Republic of South Ossetia have rejected three times, most recently earlier this month, successive offers by Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili to grant the region "the broadest autonomy" within a unitary Georgian state. On 25 and 26 July, Georgian officials accused South Ossetians acting under orders from Russian military intelligence of staging a car bombing in central Georgia in February that killed three people, and they alleged that the same group of saboteurs has missiles capable of shooting down aircraft. Could those allegations herald an imminent military operation to bring South Ossetia back under Tbilisi's control?

77. Georgia: Tbilisi's Moves Raise Fears In South Ossetia On 25 and 26 July, Georgian officials accused South Ossetians acting under totally discredited across the former ussr that any conflict settlement based http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2005/07/mil-050728-rferl03.h

var zflag_nid="224"; var zflag_cid="8/7/3/1"; var zflag_sid="1"; var zflag_width="728"; var zflag_height="90"; var zflag_sz="14"; Education Jobs Home Loans Telecom ... Public Eye var zflag_nid="224"; var zflag_cid="97/63/19/3/1"; var zflag_sid="1"; var zflag_width="120"; var zflag_height="600"; var zflag_sz="8"; Choose: HTML TEXT AOL Military Georgia: Tbilisi's Moves Raise Fears In South Ossetia By Liz Fuller The authorities of the unrecognized breakaway Republic of South Ossetia have rejected three times, most recently earlier this month, successive offers by Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili to grant the region "the broadest autonomy" within a unitary Georgian state. On 25 and 26 July, Georgian officials accused South Ossetians acting under orders from Russian military intelligence of staging a car bombing in central Georgia in February that killed three people, and they alleged that the same group of saboteurs has missiles capable of shooting down aircraft. Could those allegations herald an imminent military operation to bring South Ossetia back under Tbilisi's control? Initial overtures Taking the oath of office in January 2004, Saakashvili pledged to restore Georgia's territorial integrity by bringing its three former autonomies back under the control of the central government. Saakashvili succeeded within months in triggering the ouster of Aslan Abashidze, the authoritarian leader of the Republic of Adjara. Following last August's spectacular failure to repeat that scenario on the first attempt in the breakaway unrecognized Republic of South Ossetia, Saakashvili unveiled in his 21 September 2004 address to the UN General Assembly a plan for resolving peacefully Tbilisi's decade-old conflicts with South Ossetia and Abkhazia by offering the two regions "the broadest conceivable autonomy" within a unitary Georgian state. But the leaders of both unrecognized republics rejected that offer out of hand.

78. Demokratizatsiya: Georgia At The Crossroads the fall of the ussr in 1991 was the first chance for georgia to develop an georgia is the only country of eight former republics that has access to http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3996/is_200010/ai_n8919414

@import url(/css/us/style1.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); @import url(/css/us/articles.css); @import url(/css/us/artHome1.css); Home Advanced Search IN free articles only all articles this publication Automotive Sports FindArticles Demokratizatsiya Fall 2000 Content provided in partnership with 10,000,000 articles Not found on any other search engine. Featured Titles for ASA News ASEE Prism Academe African American Review ... View all titles in this topic Hot New Articles by Topic Automotive Sports Top Articles Ever by Topic Automotive Sports Georgia at the crossroads Demokratizatsiya Fall 2000 by Glonti, Georgi Save a personal copy of this article and quickly find it again with Furl.net. It's free! Save it. With the exception of a short period from 1918 to 1921, the fall of the USSR in 1991 was the first chance for Georgia to develop an independent political and economic system. Under the Soviet regime, Georgia possessed a stable industrial infrastructure and a developed agricultural system. The republic's geographical location fostered economic and political stability: a long border with the Black Sea; a beautiful climate for the high-quality production of tea, citrus, wine, and vegetables; and beautiful resorts that attracted visitors from all over the former USSR. Over the course of the past five years, President Shevardnadze has managed to take control of all government structures but has not dealt with the organized crime and corruption that has led to severe economic problems. The country is now experiencing a high incidence of mercenary crimes resulting from organized crime groups' penetrating every sphere of society and monopolizing the internal market. The crime rate in Georgia is one of the highest in the world.3

79. Welcome To Windstar Technologies. Inc. {The tax treaty with the former ussr does not include a definition of the governments of the Contracting States {the United States and georgia} on http://www.windstar-tech.com/public/Gg5.HTM

GEORGIA ARTICLE II 3. ''Resident of the Soviet Union'' means: 4. ''Resident of the United States'' means: (b) an individual resident in the United States for purposes of its tax. ARTICLE VII ARTICLE I 1. The taxes which are the subject of this Convention are: (b) In the case of the United States of America, taxes and dues provided for by the Internal Revenue Code. 2. This Convention shall also apply to taxes and dues substantially similar to those covered by paragraph 1. which are imposed in addition to, or in place of, existing taxes and dues after the signature of this Convention. ARTICLE VI 2. General Exemptions. ARTICLE VI 1. Special Exemptions. (d) Students. (f) Duration of Exemptions. (3) Five years in the case of subparagraph (d) (Students). From 1973 EXCHANGE OF NOTES: PARAGRAPH 2 2. In Article VI, subparagraphs 1.(d) and (e) provide exemption under certain circumstances of an amount "necessary to provide for ordinary living expenses." It is agreed that the exemption under subparpgraph 1.(e) in any taxable year will not apply to any amount in excess of $10,000 or its equivalent in rubles, and that the exemption under subparagraph 1.(d) will generally apply to a lesser amount, to be determined in each specific case. ARTICLE VI 1. Special Exemptions.

80. WorldLII - Categories - Countries - Georgia Stored Searches. * Search All World Law georgia CIS Law Notes Search Quarterly publication covering legal developments in the former ussr with a focus http://www.worldlii.org/catalog/2794.html

Contributors: DIAL Databases Recent Additions Translate Add a Link ... Countries Find any of these words all of these words this phrase this document title this Boolean query World Law Help Boolean Operators Search: All WorldLII Catalog All WorldLII Databases Law on Google Government Inter-Government Organisations Law Journals Law Reform ... Privatisation Stored Searches Search All World Law: Georgia EurasiaNet - Georgia Resource Page Search EurasiaNet is operated by the Central Eurasia Project of the Open Society Institute (Soros Foundation) to promote good governance byimplementing programs to build and maintain the infrastructure and institutions of open societies through educational social and legal reform WorldLII: Feedback URL: http://www.worldlii.org/catalog/2794.html Generated: Thu Sep 22 02:42:51 2005

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