41. Entrez PubMed genotype and phenotype factors as determinants of desmoid tumors in patients withfamilial adenomatous polyposis. Bertario L, Russo A, Sala P, Eboli M, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1

42. Entrez PubMed genotype and phenotype analysis of 171 patients referred for molecular study ofthe fibrillin1 gene FBN1 because of suspected Marfan syndrome. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1

43. Paleontology I: Macroevolution From Genotype To Phenotype Paleontology I Macroevolution from genotype to phenotype 48, 1000 AM,PHENOTYPIC VARIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL HIERARCHY IN THE BRYOZOAN ELECTRA PILOSA http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2004AM/finalprogram/session_13450.htm

2004 Denver Annual Meeting (November 7–10, 2004) Session No. 4 Sunday, November 7, 2004 8:00 AM-12:00 PM, Colorado Convention Center: 702/704/706 Paleontology I: Macroevolution from Genotype to Phenotype Jonathan Marcot and David Goodwin, Presiding Paper # Start Time 8:00 AM THE FIVE CAUSES OF MORPHOLOGICAL INNOVATION MARSHALL, Charles R. , Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Invertebrate Paleontology, Harvard Univ, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, cmarshall@oeb.harvard.edu. 8:15 AM THE EVOLUTION OF COMPLEXITY WITHOUT NATURAL SELECTION MCSHEA, Daniel W. , Department of Biology, Duke Univ, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708-0338, dmcshea@duke.edu. 8:30 AM PHYLOGENETIC TESTS OF DIRECTIONAL BIAS IN HIERARCHICAL EVOLUTION MARCOT, Jonathan D. and MCSHEA, Daniel W., Department of Biology, Duke Univ, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708-0338, marco039@tc.umn.edu 8:45 AM EVOLUTIONARY DECELERATION: THE ROLES OF CLADOGENESIS AND ANAGENESIS FERNALD, Erin M. , Dept. Earth Sciences, Univ. New Hampshire, 56 College Rd, Durham, NH 03824, efernald@cisunix.unh.edu and CLYDE, William C., Dept. Earth Sciences, Univ. New Hampshire, 56 College Rd, Durham, NH 03824-3589 9:00 AM SURVIVAL OF THE MORPHOLOGICALLY SPECIAL OR ORDINARY? THE STORY AS TOLD BY FOSSIL CRINOIDS

44. Elsevier.com - From Genotype To Phenotype From genotype to phenotype To order this title, and for more information, go toExternal link http//books.elsevier.com/bookscat/links/details.asp?isbn= http://www.elsevier.com/wps/product/cws_home/679397

Home Site map Regional Sites Advanced Product Search ... From Genotype to Phenotype Book information Product description Audience Author information and services Ordering information Bibliographic and ordering information Conditions of sale Book related information Submit your book proposal Other books in same subject area About Elsevier Select your view FROM GENOTYPE TO PHENOTYPE To order this title, and for more information, go to http://books.elsevier.com/bookscat/links/details.asp?isbn=0124662579 Edited By Sue Malcolm , University College London, U.K. Description This volume of the Human Molecular Genetics series covers such genotype-phenotype correlations as clinical and environmental aspects, gene structure, expression, and mutation. Also discussed are models of certain diseases and future prospects for treatment and prevention. This book provides the reader with a basic overview of the physical expression of genetic disease before discussing in detail the most recent research and therapeutic developments. Audience Medical geneticists, molecular biologists, oncologists, neurologists, genetic counselors, general practitioners, and research students.

45. Elsevier.com - From Genotype To Phenotype From genotype to phenotype. To order this title, and for more information, go toExternal link http//books.elsevier.com/bookscat/links/details.asp?isbn= http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/bookreviewform.cws_home/679397

Home Site map Regional Sites Advanced Product Search ... From Genotype to Phenotype Book information Product description Audience Author information and services Ordering information Bibliographic and ordering information Conditions of sale Book related information Submit your book proposal Other books in same subject area About Elsevier Select your view To order this title, and for more information, go to http://books.elsevier.com/bookscat/links/details.asp?isbn=0124662579 This book belongs to the subject area Life Sciences Submit your review Your review is highly appreciated. You can use this form to share your opinion on this book with others. Please focus your comments on the content of the book. This review will be submitted to the publishing section of this book. All fields marked with * are compulsory Rating*: Poor Excellent Review (max. 5000 characters)*: From*: Your name: Keep me anonymous E-mail: Printer-friendly version Home Site map Terms and Conditions ... Feedback A Reed Elsevier company Elsevier B.V.

46. Genotype And Phenotype Memory The genotype/phenotype memory is used to store and rapidly reconfigure (reload) the The phenotype/genotype memory can support up to 32758 interconnected http://www.cs.usu.edu/~degaris/papers/AMC/node7.html

Next: Fitness Evaluation Unit Up: CBM Architecture Previous: Cellular Automata Module Genotype and Phenotype Memory Each of the 72 FPGA daughter boards includes 16 Mbytes of EDO DRAM to be used for storing the genotypes and phenotypes of the neural modules, a total of 1,180 Mbytes. There are two modes of CBM operation, namely evolution mode and run mode. The evolution mode involves the growth phase and signaling phase. During the growth phase, memory is used to store the chromosome bitstrings of the evolving population of modules (module genotypes). For a module of 13,824 cells there are over 91 Kbits of genotype memory needed. For each module the genotype memory also stores information concerning the locations and orientations of the neurons inside the module, and their synaptic masks. During the run mode, memory is used as a phenotype memory for the evolved modules. The phenotype data describes the grown axonic and dendritic trees and their respective neurons for each module. The phenotype data is loaded into the CA module to configure it according to the evolved function. The genotype/phenotype memory is used to store and rapidly reconfigure (reload) the FPGA hardware CA module. Reconfiguration can be performed in parallel with running the module, due to a dual pipelined phenotype/genotype register provided in each cell. This guarantees the continuous running of the FPGA array at full speed with no interruptions for reloading in either evolution or run modes. The phenotype/genotype memory can support up to 32,758 interconnected neural modules at a time. An additional memory will be based in the main memory of the host computer (Pentium-Pro 300 MHz) connected to the CBM through a PCI bus, capable of transferring data at 132 Mbytes/s.

47. Genotype/phenotype The distinction between genotype and phenotype, introduced by Wilhelm Johannsen in Also, mapping in the direction from genotype to phenotype may not be http://www.christianhubert.com/hypertext/genotype_phenotype.html

genotype/phenotype The question of heredity was formulated by August Weismann in 1883 when he asked how a single germ cell is capable of reproducing the entire body in all of its details. For Weisman and his successors, the answer was to be found in the action of the genes. The distinction between genotype and phenotype , introduced by Wilhelm Johannsen in 1911, separates the issues of hereditary transmission from issues of embryonic development. The genotype is the genetic constitution of an organism, which it has inherited from its parents. (In A-life terms, it is the specification of the machinery.) The phenotype is the actual appearance of an organism ; its manifested attributes, (or the behaviour of the machinery.) There are thus two separate spaces of description, the genotypic space for the state of the internal factors, which describes the processes of inheritance, and the phenotypic space for the manifest state of the organism, which describes the processes of development. Ever since Mendel, the genotypic status of the organism has been considered to be causally prior to it phenotypic state. In What is Life?, Erwin Schrödinger describes chromosome structures as the code script of life, which are instrumental in bringing about the development they foreshadow. For Schrödinger, "they are law-code and executive power or, to use another simile, they are architect's plan and builder's craft in one." (p.22) Individual genetic instructions, or genes, are short stretches of DNA of the right length and base sequence to specify a protein. Each gene is made up of a number of three-base-long codons, each of which specifies an amino acid, the building blocks of proteins. Sequences of amino acids specify a polypeptide chain, which folds up in a complex shape to form a protein. It is this shape which confers phenotypic (functional) properties on the protein. While genes are often described as

48. Genomics|Activities|FBR|CF|Clinical Validity|Page 10 Question 24 What are the genotype/phenotype relationships? Gap in KnowledgeUnbiased information about the genotype/phenotype relationship is http://www.cdc.gov/genomics/gtesting/ACCE/FBR/CF/CFCliVal_24.htm

Draft Genetic Test Review Cystic Fibrosis Clinical Validity Print Version CLINICAL VALIDITY Question 18: How often is the test positive when the disorder is present? Question 19: How often is the test negative when the disorder is not present? Question 20: Are there methods to resolve clinical false positive results in a timely manner? Question 21: What is the prevalence of the disorder in this setting? Question 22: Has the test been adequately validated on all populations to which it may be offered? Question 23: What are the positive and negative predictive values? Question 24: What are the genotype/phenotype relationships? Question 25: What are the genetic, environmental or other modifiers? CLINICAL VALIDITY Question What are the genotype/phenotype relationships? Summary: The cystic fibrosis phenotype occurs about 98 percent of the time when any combination of two mutations contained in the recommended 25 mutation core panel are identified in an individual. Nearly all of the mutations are associated with pulmonary disease (the major cause of morbidity and mortality), but it is not possible to predict the time of onset and rapidity of progression.

49. Hospital Practice: Genotype And Phenotype In Cystic Fibrosis genotypephenotype Correlations. How might differing mutations correlate Zielenski J, Tsui LC Cystic fibrosis Genotypic and phenotypic variations. http://www.hosppract.com/genetics/9706gen.htm

Molecular Genetics in Clinical Practice Genotype and Phenotype in Cystic Fibrosis LAP-CHEE TSUI and PETER DURIE University of Toronto Questions about the function of the disease-related gene are still not fully answered, but correlations are emerging between specific mutations and a patient's clinical condition. The strongest link is for pancreatic failure. A second involves azoospermia. Indeed, mutations are being found in males with infertility as the sole sign of disease. Improved knowledge of such patterns may suggest novel approaches to severe cystic fibrosis. Dr. Tsui is Professor of Molecular and Medical Genetics and Geneticist in Chief and Dr. Durie is Professor of Pediatrics and Head, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University of Toronto and the Hospital for Sick Children. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common fatal genetic diseases in Caucasians. Inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, it affects as many as one in 2,500 live births, a rate from which the carrier frequency can be estimated as approximately one in 25. The disease phenotype is characterized by accumulations of viscid, dehydrated mucus, with consequences most evident in the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts, where the clinical features can include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pancreatic enzyme deficiency, small-intestinal obstruction, and, in males, infertility. Untreated, the disease usually causes early death from lung infection. Today, improved management often preserves life into adulthood, but the median lifetime remains only 30 years.

50. Genotype & Phenotype Relationship of genotype to phenotype. The Xase gene locus specifies the enzymeXase, which converts the precursor substrate X to the product substance Y. http://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/Genotype_&_Phenotype.htm

Relationship of Genotype to Phenotype The Xase gene locus specifies the enzyme Xase , which converts the precursor substrate X to the product substance Y . The production of Y is a phenotypic consequence of the genotypic expression of the Xase gene. A second locus Yase produces an enzyme Yase that converts Y to Z . Because the production of Z is dependent on the proper function of Xase , it is also a phenotype of the Xase gene. The final phenotype may be another intermediate in the metabolic pathway (see the discussion of arginine metabolism in Neurospora ), an endpoint product (see the discussion of hemoglobin in humans), or a trait resulting from the expression of such a product (see the discussion of sickle-cell anemia Homework Are Xase Yase part of the genotype , or part of the phenotype ? Explain. Steven M. Carr

51. EMJA: Genotype–phenotype Correlations With Personality Traits Of Healthcare Fitzgerald DA, Isaacs D. genotype–phenotype correlations with personality traitsof healthcare professionals a new use for the Human Genome Project. http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/176_12_170602/bro_170602_fm.html

'); document.write(' '); document.write(' '); document.write(' '); document.write(' ');document.write(' Home Issues Email alerts Classifieds ... Search PubMed for related articles Letters Lachlan Brown MJA To the Editor However, some of their conclusions fail the analytical technique described by others as "the common sense test". Most obviously, the finding of complete deletion of all personality genes in orthopaedic surgeons sits uncomfortably with clinical experience, which suggests a plethora of witty and indeed charismatic members of that specialty. The authors have erred in making an admission of reading The Medical Journal of Australia on at least a semi-regular basis as an inclusion criterion for the study. As this would include only a minuscule proportion of the orthopaedic population, their sampling was surely unrepresentative. By the same criterion, it is likely that there are few theatre sisters who would admit to being semi-regular readers of the Journal. Those who do are probably married to members of the medical profession, which would explain the ( bel ) indifference phenotype.

52. EMJA: Genotype–phenotype Correlations With Personality Traits Of Healthcare genotype–phenotype correlates of personality traits in healthcare professionals.Personality trait. genotype. phenotype http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/176_07_010402/fit10113_fm.html

Home Issues Email alerts Classifieds ... Pdf version of this article The Profession Dominic A Fitzgerald and David Isaacs MJA Abstract Objective: To describe the genetic basis of various personality traits. Design: Prospective, blinded cohort study comparing questionnaire-reported personality traits with candidate genes for temperament, as revealed by genetic mapping in the Human Genome Project. Non-supervised questionnaires were mailed to MJA subscribers. DNA extracted from newborn screening blood samples of all New South Wales participants was used to perform mutation analysis for candidate personality genes. Setting: Tertiary medical care in New South Wales, 1 April 2000 to 1 April 2001. Participants: Healthcare professionals who admitted to reading the MJA on at least a semi-regular (monthly) basis. Main outcome measures: Correlations between occupation, personality and gene mutations were sought using a LOD score in comparison with a classic Poisson d'avril distribution. Results: Mutations were identified that suggested the existence of genes determining several personality traits. Genes coding for belligerence ( bel ), charisma (

53. Marc Toussaint - MT-code: Genotype< Phenotype, Operon > Class Template Reference Implements a grammar genotype, and the genotypephenotype-transformation. Further, it implements the appropriate genotype-phenotype mapping to build a http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/mtoussai/source-code/doc/html/classGenotype.html

introduction namespaces modules classes ... List of all members. Detailed Description Implements a grammar genotype, and the genotype-phenotype-transformation. A grammar genotype includes an axiom structure and an array of rules axiom to S and then applying all rules. Examples: examples/operonGraphEvo/main.cpp examples/operonString/main.cpp examples/operonStringEvo/main.cpp , and examples/plant/main.cpp Definition at line of file genotype.h Public Member Functions Genotype standard constructor virtual ~Genotype standard destructor Genotype operator= (const Genotype standard copy operator void init initialize genotype with no rules and given phenotype Access Operon * rndOperon returns randomly on of the rules in the array double totUsage returns how often rules are applied during the genotype-phenotype transformation in total double totSize sum of the size of the axiom and all rule structures double usedSize sum of size of axiom and used rule structures Assignment void resetFitness causes that the fitness is reevaluated on next request Genotype-Phenotype transformation void initTransformation pheno is will be future phenotype: initializes transformation by copying axiom to pheno void stepTransformation uint t) further transforms the structure pheno by applying all rules (in given order!) on

54. AIDS - Fulltext: Volume 17(7) May 2, 2003 P 1077-1078 Genotype-phenotype Discord genotypephenotype discordance the evolution in our understanding HIV-1 drug Some of the discordance between genotype and phenotype is simply a http://www.aidsonline.com/pt/re/aids/fulltext.00002030-200305020-00018.htm

LWWOnline LOGIN eALERTS REGISTER ... Archive Genotype-phenotype discordance:... ARTICLE LINKS: PDF (46 K) References (7) Permissions View full size inline images AIDS Volume 17(7) 2 May 2003 pp 1077-1078 Genotype-phenotype discordance: the evolution in our understanding HIV-1 drug resistance Zolopa, Andrew R From Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. See also p. 955 Requests for reprints to: Dr A. R. Zolopa, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. Received: 8 November 2002; revised: 5 December 2002; accepted: 8 January 2003. Although HIV resistance testing is now considered standard of care in resource-rich countries, both genotype and phenotype tests have limitations [ ]. In this issue of AIDS , Parkin and colleagues from Virologic Inc. illustrate an important limitation of current genotype interpretation algorithms for antiretroviral agents such as lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r; Kaletra), which require multiple mutations for clinically significant resistance [ ]. The algorithms for such drugs are complex both in terms of the number of mutations that contribute to resistance and in the various patterns of mutations that result in a virus with clinically significant resistance. Attempting to put this complexity into a simple set of rules is an ongoing challenge. Phenotype tests, however, appear somewhat less 'sensitive' than genotyping to what could be seen as evolving resistance. Faced with the limitations of resistance tests, many clinicians order both tests in an attempt to make optimal treatment decisions for their patients. Not infrequently, however, clinicians who obtain both a phenotype and genotype test find the results to be in disagreement, or 'discordant', that is, one test result is interpreted as drug sensitive while the other is interpreted as drug resistant. Understanding the reasons for these discordant results should enable the clinician to make better use of these tests and thereby make better treatment decisions.

55. Constantinos G. Athanasopoulos Reviews Genotype To Phenotype Edited By S. Malcol It is particularly important in our information age to stay tuned to majorscientific advances through reports or papers which are not only valid and http://human-nature.com/nibbs/03/genotype.html

Home - Human Nature Review The Human Nature Daily Review Online Dictionary Of Mental Health What is New? Search Feedback Guestbook Free Electronic Books Darwin and Darwinism Science as Culture Free Associations Human Relations, Authority and Justice Kleinian Studies Against All Reason Burying Freud The Seduction Theory Amazon.com Amazon.co.uk The Origin of Species The Expression of the Emotions The Voyage of the Beagle The Descent of Man T.H.Huxley Autobiography Discourse on the Method The Varieties of Religious Experience Proposed Roads to Freedom The Warfare of Science with Theology Psychoanalytic Aesthetics Unfree Associations Mind, Brain and Adaptation Darwin's Metaphor Mental Space The Culture of British Psychoanalysis Whatever Happened to Human Nature? Group Relations Lost for Words The Story of a Mental Hospital Victims of Memory Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge The Evolution of Human Sex Differences How the Mind Works Fashionable Nonsense The Biotech Century Process Press Robert M. Young - Home Page Robert M. Young - Index of Papers Evolutionary Psychology Mental Health Research Radical Science Human Nature Books Human Nature Information Object Relations European Psychotherapy Psychoanalytic Studies Science as Culture Human Nature Review ISSN 1476-1084 Table of Contents What's New Search Feedback ... Contact the Editors Human Nature Review 2003 Volume 3: 49-53 ( 28 January ) URL of this document http://human-nature.com/nibbs/03/genotype.html

56. AEGiS-AIDSWeekly: HIV/AIDS Healthcare: HIV-1 Genotype/virtual Phenotype Correlat HIV1 genotype and virtual phenotype correlates for predicting protease inhibitor HIV/AIDS Healthcare HIV-1 genotype/virtual phenotype correlate for http://www.aegis.com/pubs/aidswkly/2004/AW041204.html

Important note: Information in this article was accurate in December 2004. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date. HIV/AIDS Healthcare: HIV-1 genotype/virtual phenotype correlate for predicting PI/NNRTI resistance AIDSWEEKLY Plus ; Monday, December 13, 2004 Staff Medical Writers NewsRx HIV-1 genotype and virtual phenotype correlates for predicting protease inhibitor and resistance. "Drug resistance testing provides useful information for managing HIV-infected patients. Phenotyping could add complementary information to genotyping and occasionally be more useful, although is less available to clinicians. "Large paired geno-pheno databases have allowed the prediction of phenotypes from genotypes. However, the accuracy of these virtual phenotypes (vPT) in a clinical setting has not been well assessed yet, "scientists writing in the Journal of Virological Methods report. "We analyzed the concordance between vPT and interpreted genotype (GT) in 105 samples belonging to treatment-experienced HIV-infected patients. A high concordance was seen when examining both non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) and protease inhibitors (PI) (r=0.95 either), while it was lower for nucleoside analogs (r=0.79)," said O. Gallego and coworkers. "The drugs with lower concordance were abacavir (71.1%), tenofovir (71.5%) and didanosine (71.9%). In 20% of specimens (21/105)," the authors continued, "the vPT did not provide results for all approved drugs. These were mainly samples with a high number of drug resistance mutations or rare genotypes, which seem to be underepresented in the VircoNET database."

57. Bristol Childhood Leukaemia Research Consortium - Genotype And Phenotype Correla genotype and phenotype Correlations in Acute Leukaemia. Researchers. Paul Virgo.Principal Funding Source. Collaborative study with clinicians and Regional http://www.bris.ac.uk/bclrc/projects/geno_pheno_study/

skip menus BCLRC contacts help Projects All Projects Current Member Profiles All BCLRC Members Dr Allison Blair Charlotte Cox Dr Paraskevi (Vivian) Diamanti ... Dr Colin Steward Members Only Configure University home Projects Genotype and Phenotype Correlations in Acute Leukaemia. Researchers Paul Virgo Principal Funding Source Collaborative study with clinicians and Regional Cytogenetics Centre, Bristol. Aim is to identify reproducible phenotypic features which correlate with high sensitivity and specificity with genotype in acute leukaemia. It is hoped that the rapid identification by immunophenotype of important recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities will lead to a more directed approach to FISH and PCR based confirmation of these abnormalities and may lead to early identification of potential targets for molecular MRD. Immunophenotypic algorithms developed for t(15;17) AML and t(12;21) ALL. Other potential targets t(8;21) AML, 11q23 abnormalities in ALL and AML, Inv16 AML and t(9;22) ALL. University home about this site terms and conditions feedback Bristol Childhood Leukaemia Research Consortium Institute for Child Life and Health UBHT Education Centre, Upper Maudland Street

58. Developmental Biology Online: Genotype To Phenotype: Murine Neural Crest Mutatio Some of the most important insights into neural crest cell development andmigration have come from studies of mutant mice. These mice can be recognized by http://www.devbio.com/article.php?ch=13&id=133

59. Genotype - Proteotype - Phenotype Relationships In Neu...-Springer Neurosciences Recent advances in understanding the role of protein dysmetabolism in neurodegenerationwas the theme of the Fondation IPSEN meeting addressing http://www.springeronline.com/sgw/cda/frontpage/0,11855,5-10054-72-45855131-0,00

Please enable Javascript in your browser to browse this website. Select your subdiscipline Dentistry Dermatology Gynecology Health Informatics Neurology Neurosurgery Nuclear Medicine Ophthalmology Orthopedics Otorhinolaryngology Pathology Pediatrics Plastic Surgery Radiology Rheumatology Surgery Urology Home Medicine Select a discipline Biomedical Sciences Chemistry Computer Science Economics Education Engineering Environmental Sciences Geography Geosciences Humanities Law Life Sciences Linguistics Materials Mathematics Medicine Philosophy Popular Science Psychology Public Health Social Sciences Statistics preloadImage('/sgw/cda/pageitems/designobject/cda_displaydesignobject/0,11978,5-0-17-900180-0,00.gif'); preloadImage('/sgw/cda/pageitems/designobject/cda_displaydesignobject/0,11978,5-0-17-900170-0,00.gif'); preloadImage('/sgw/cda/pageitems/designobject/cda_displaydesignobject/0,11978,5-0-17-900190-0,00.gif'); preloadImage('/sgw/cda/pageitems/designobject/cda_displaydesignobject/0,11978,5-0-17-900200-0,00.gif'); preloadImage('/sgw/cda/pageitems/designobject/cda_displaydesignobject/0,11978,5-0-17-900369-0,00.gif'); preloadImage('/sgw/cda/pageitems/designobject/cda_displaydesignobject/0,11978,5-0-17-900344-0,00.gif');

60. Genotype - Proteotype - Phenotype Relationships In Neu...-Springer Neurosciences Recent advances in understanding the role of protein dysmetabolism in neurodegenerationwas the theme of the Fondation IPSEN meeting addressing http://www.springeronline.com/sgw/cda/frontpage/0,11855,5-124-22-45855131-detail

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