41. Tecolahagos.com - Ethiopian Related Issues And Commentary The Sudanese government past gross violations of human rights for over The genocide in Darfur is the last warning for Ethiopians to establish a new http://www.tecolahagos.com/darfur.htm

Ethiopia ethiopians@tecolahagos.com HOME NEWS PRESS ... CONTACT US LINKS TISJD Solidarity EthioIndex Ethiopian News Dagmawi ... Africalog INT'L NEWS SITES Africa Confidential African Intelligence BBC BBC Africa ... UNHCR OPPOSITION RADIO Radio Solidarity German Radio Voice of America Nesanet ... Voice of Ethiopia THE DARFUR GENOCIDE: A Warning for Ethiopians By Tecola W. Hagos For the last two years, the renegade Sudanese government has been waging an escalating genocidal war against one of the ancient peoples of Africa, the original Nubians: the Fur people. “Darfur” means the land or country of the Fur. It is the same Sudanese government that had harbored Osama bin Laden, the same government that had been on the list of several governments as a terrorist government, which is now waging the present genocidal war of ethnic cleansing against the people of Darfur. The Sudanese government past gross violations of human rights for over thirty years, starting before the current Government, is part of the shameful record of abuse, murder, and total deprivation of political and human rights of millions of people for years in Africa. Successive Sudanese governments have waged genocidal wars since 1956 against the Christian South and the Moslem West.

42. Tecolahagos.com - Ethiopian Related Issues And Commentary Human rights that are violated by genocide are protected rights that are sofundamental the violation of which affects the world community far more directly http://www.tecolahagos.com/obligation_egra_omens.htm

Ethiopia ethiopians@tecolahagos.com HOME NEWS PRESS ... CONTACT US LINKS TISJD Solidarity EthioIndex Ethiopian News Dagmawi ... Africalog INT'L NEWS SITES Africa Confidential African Intelligence BBC BBC Africa ... UNHCR OPPOSITION RADIO Radio Solidarity German Radio Voice of America Nesanet ... Voice of Ethiopia Darfur Genocide: The World Must Punish Sudan Obligation Erga Omnes By Tecola W. Hagos General I have divided the discussion into two parts. First I have a brief discussion setting a framework showing that genocide is a violation of rights that are considered to be peremptory norms of international law: jus cogens. Second, I have shown that the violation of the those rights because of genocide, a particularly identified crime against all civilization spelled out in the Genocide Convention, imposes an obligation on the Members of the United Nations both as a unit and individually to punish those individuals and governments that violated the Genocide Convention, and that obligation is obligation erga omnes. If the World community fails to protect the People of Darfur it means it too has violated the Genocide Convention by its complicity [See Genocide Convention, Article III(e)]. I emphasize that complicity in not observing the Convention to prevent genocide and punish those who commit genocide is considered also a crime under the Genocide Convention.

43. International Covenant On Civil And Political Rights Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human rights When deprivationof life constitutes the crime of genocide, it is understood that http://www.eurunion.org/legislat/DeathPenalty/UNCivPolRts.htm

Europa The European Union European Commission U.S. ... For Youth Policy Areas Foreign Policy/Security Trade/Agriculture Economics/Finance/ Int'l Development Aid ... Death Penalty EU POLICY ON THE DEATH PENALTY UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Geneva, Switzerland International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16 December 1966 entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49 Preamble The States Parties to the present Covenant, Considering that, in accordance with the principles proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations, recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world, Recognizing that these rights derive from the inherent dignity of the human person

44. Vienna Declaration - Published Version Convention of the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of genocide 1948(5) Ihueghian Victor, of the Association for Human rights and Democracy in http://academic.udayton.edu/race/06hrights/VictimGroups/AfricanDescendants/vienn

Traduzca esta página, Traduisez cette page, Traduza esta página from Inglés al español Anglais-français Inglês ao português Guest book! Survey: Race Relations The Whitest Law Schools Community Summit on Eliminating Racism Upcoming Book: Dying While Black: Race, Racism and the Law Speaking Truth to Power!! African Descendants - Vienna Declaration Vernellia R. Randall Professor of Law and Web Editor Search this site powered by FreeFind What's New Monthly Newsletter Law Review Articles ... Sign Guest book! Survey: Race Relations in the United States Units Race and Racial Groups Citizenship Rights Justice and Race Patterns of Basic Needs ... Human Rights Syllabi Race and Racism Surveys Race Relations Who is White? Want Monthly Updates? Send me your email: [FrontPage Save Results Component] Favorite Poetry Invictus The Bridge Poem Still I Rise No Struggle No Progress Related Websites Race and Health Care Gender and the Law Legal Education Personal Homepage Vernellia R. Randall, The Vienna Declaration and Program of Action with Background Information, 8 Washington and Lee Race and Ethnic Ancestry Law Journal 7 (Spring, 2002)

45. International Labor Rights Fund Lawsuit Against DynCorp Defendant DynCorp Int l is also a Delaware corporation with a principal place ofbusiness in For Torture, Crimes Against Humanity, and Cultural genocide http://www.ciponline.org/colombia/irlfdyncorp.htm

Home About Us Publications Press Room ... Staff Last Updated: International Labor Rights Fund Lawsuit against DynCorp IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA C.A. No: CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT FOR EQUITABLE RELIEF AND DAMAGES; JURY TRIAL DEMANDED VENANCIO AGUASANTA ARIAS AND ROSA TANGUILA ANDI, La Comunidad San Franciso 2, Province of Sucumbios, Ecuador, husband and wife on behalf of themselves, as guardians of their four minor children, and on behalf of all others similarly situated; ESTER INEZ ANDI, La Comunidad San Franciso 2, Province of Sucumbios, Ecuador, on behalf of herself, as legal Guardian of her minor child, and on behalf of all others similarly situated; SANTIAGO DOMINGO TANGUILA ANDI AND LAURA SARITAMA, La Comunidad San Franciso 2, Province of Sucumbios, Ecuador, husband and wife of Quechua nationality on behalf of themselves, as legal Guardians of their two minor children, and on behalf of all others similarly situated; VIDAL CAMACHO AND DEICY LALANGUI, La Comunidad San Franciso 2, Province of Sucumbios, Ecuador, husband and wife, on behalf of themselves, as legal guardians of their four minor children, and on behalf of all others similarly situated;

46. Cultural Relativity And Eurocentric Dehumanization On the other hand, in the eyes of the leftist groups, human rights groups and Columbus is routinely vilified as a symbol of slavery and genocide, http://www.fiscalstudy.com/columnists/sk12-cultural-relativity-and-eurocentric-d

F I S C A L S T U D Y web this site Home Global Economy Int'l Politics News ... Browse by Country FIRES OF THE MIND Serdar Kaya Cultural Relativity and Eurocentric Dehumanization 'He who controls the past commands the future. He who commands the future conquers the past.' from the novel 1984 by George Orwell Christopher Columbus (1451 - 1506), an experienced seafarer, sailed the Atlantic Ocean from Spain with three ships named the Nina the Pinta , and the Santa Maria On October 12, 1492, he reached the Americas. Although Columbus remains a controversial figure, there is no doubt that his journey and the things this journey triggered significantly affected the history of the continent which we today call America. Many people honor him as a symbol of Western civilization since he boosted the expansion of the Western culture to a new continent with his journey, which, consequentially, paved the way for the founding of the United States of America - a new world of individual rights and liberty. For those who vilify Columbus, it is a common task to bring up the fact that the continent was already populated when Christopher Columbus arrived in 1492. However, this is not the main distinction between the two approaches about Columbus. Those who honor Columbus also know that he is, in fact, not the first but the last discoverer of the Americas. Therefore, such arguments by the opponents of Columbus are inadequate since celebrations of his arrival in 1492 are associated with the expansion of the Western civilization.

47. Information Resources World Level, Book Titles D - J Dallaires UNAMIR force to mitigate the Rwandan genocide. JUDGING WARCRIMINALS, THE POLITICS OF intl JUSTICE by Yves Beigbeder (1999 London http://www.peace.ca/infoworldbooksdj.htm

World Level On this page: Books, by Title D - J Other pages: Books, by Title A- C Books, by Title K - O Books, by Title P - R, Books, by Title S - V ... Other Information BY TITLE: APPEARS in newly re-formatted "The International Review of the Red Cross", a quarterly journal published since 1869 by the ICRC. It now is meant for a larger audience. Contact: review.gva@icrc.org Debating the Democratic Peace . Editors - Michael Brown, Sean Lynn-Jones and Steven Miller. Publisher - The MIT Press 1996. ISBN 0-262-52213-6. Unrated. Part 1. The Case for the Democratic Peace Part 2. The Case Against the Democratic Peace Part 3. Point and Counterpoint " " by William Shawcross (2000, NY: Simon & Schuster) replaces his earlier masterpiece, "The Quality of Mercy", as the most important book on Design for a Better World . Author - Dr. Hanna Newcombe. Publisher - University Press of America, 1983. Unrated. Dynamic Facilitation for Group Transformation by Tree Bressen, http://www.co-intelligence.org/dynamicfacilitationGT.html

48. Comments On "The Secret Genocide Archive" in the promotion of democracy and human rights around the world and someone who The Secret genocide Archive, Nicholas D. Kristof, New York Times, http://blog.zmag.org/index.php/weblog/comments/469/P10/

@import "http://blog.zmag.org/index.php?css=weblog/weblog_css"; ZNet Blogs ZNet authors and staff blog about news, vision, and strategy. HOME Join our EMail List Enter your email address for mail about content, bloggers, etc. Archives September August July June ... March Topics 1. General Announce Debates Personal 2. Activism News Parecon Strategy Tactics Vision 3. World Africa Asia Balkans East Asia Europe Latin Amer Middle East North Amer Oceania Russia/E. Eur South Asia United States US Foreign Pol World / Int'l 4. Issues Art Ecology Economics Electoral Foreign Pol Gender Global Econ Law / Morals Race Religion Repression Science 5. Media Analysis Blogging Books Journalism News Anal Reviews Search Advanced Search Syndicate RSS 1 RSS 2 Atom Members: Login Register Comments on "The Secret Genocide Archive" by David Peterson Comment by posted on Sunday, March 20 at 11:35 AM Plus, we will not intervene in any area, through military might, that does not satisfy our criteria - some form of rich resource, etc. The only thing we contibute after our war making is exploitation through our global corporations! This government has not set up anything but military destruction for the so-called global community. If you want an eye full see http://www.cspan.org

49. "The Secret Genocide Archive" (ZNet Blog) I happened to miss Nicholas Kristof’s “The Secret genocide Archive” when first On top of this, acquiring the rights to reuse the Times‘s electronic http://blog.zmag.org/index.php/weblog/entry/sudan/

@import "http://blog.zmag.org/index.php?css=weblog/weblog_css"; ZNet Blogs ZNet authors and staff blog about news, vision, and strategy. HOME Join our EMail List Enter your email address for mail about content, bloggers, etc. Archives September August July June ... March Topics 1. General Announce Debates Personal 2. Activism News Parecon Strategy Tactics Vision 3. World Africa Asia Balkans East Asia Europe Latin Amer Middle East North Amer Oceania Russia/E. Eur South Asia United States US Foreign Pol World / Int'l 4. Issues Art Ecology Economics Electoral Foreign Pol Gender Global Econ Law / Morals Race Religion Repression Science 5. Media Analysis Blogging Books Journalism News Anal Reviews Search Advanced Search Syndicate RSS 1 RSS 2 Atom Members: Login Register Wednesday, March 16, 2005 "The Secret Genocide Archive" Posted by David Peterson at 11:16 AM The Secret Genocide Archive New York Times Times Times Times a fee for access. Besides, the $2.95 that the Times Times explains. On top of this, acquiring the rights to re-use the Times minimum fee of $200.00 "-and I for one have no intention of purchasing copies of either. Thus our indifference, our complacency, our passivity, and, ultimately, our complicity in the Darfur genocide are compounded even more. Immeasurably compounded. By the Times Times so much as a cent for anything.

50. ISM Comparative Study of genocide. 601. A. Topics in Global Security Business inEmerging Markets (cross list with intl Bus 615 non-business students must http://www.wisc.edu/ismajor/NewPE.htm

Home Timetable Go Global Global Studies ... WAA Global Politcal Economy Option Requirements International Studies Major Note: For your convenience, we have bolded the courses offered for Fall 05-06. However, we cannot guarantee our accuracy. Please double check with the timetable before planning your courses PREREQUISITE COURSEWORK Must be completed before declaring the IS major Poli Sci SE Introduction to International Relations One Survey course from the following list: African ZI Africa: An Introductory Survey E Asian St SE Introduction to East Asian Civilization History ZE Introduction to Southeast Asia: Vietnam to the Philippines ZI The Civilizations of India - Modern Period ZE Russia: An Interdisciplinary Survey ZE Eastern Europe: An Interdisciplinary Survey SE Latin America: An Introduction LCA HE HE An Introduction to Central Asia: From the Silk Route to Afghanistan Poli Sci SE Introduction to Comparative Politics Economics Econ SE SE Principles of Microeconomics Principles of Macroeconomics Or Econ SE IS MAJOR COURSEWORK LANGUAGE REQUIREMENT Must be completed before graduation: 5th semester of one foreign language.

51. Project MUSE The Search for International Human rights and Justice Coming to Terms with the New 114 While the definition of genocide currently entails no mention of http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/human_rights_quarterly/v023/23.2monshipouri.html

How Do I Get This Article? Athens Login Access Restricted This article is available through Project MUSE, an electronic journals collection made available to subscribing libraries NOTE: Please do NOT contact Project MUSE for a login and password. See How Do I Get This Article? for more information. Login: Password: Your browser must have cookies turned on Monshipouri, Mahmood 1952- "The Search for International Human Rights and Justice: Coming to Terms with the New Global Realities" Human Rights Quarterly - Volume 23, Number 2, May 2001, pp. 370-401 The Johns Hopkins University Press Excerpt I. Introduction It is frequently argued that defining, developing, and applying international human rights standards are ultimately "political ends," and that the question of which values are to be excluded from or included in the so-called "emerging global moral culture" of the post-Cold War era is a purely political one. Humanity's life on earth and the development of international human rights standards have yet to transcend social conflict and politics. Reflecting this reality, the past two decades provided a mixed picture of the unfolding drama of human rights in world politics. Although human

52. Untitled Document US punishes 35 countries for signing onto intl. court These isolated nativecommunities are facing “true cultural genocide,” Roberto Stavenhagen, http://www.agrnews.org/issues/234/worldnews.html

WORLD NEWS No. 234, July 10-16, 2003 To read an article, click on the headline. WORLD BRIEFS US-based missiles to have global reach Argentine activists alarmed by anti-terrorism bill Kenyan women sue British army over mass rapes ... back to top US-based missiles to have global reach By Julian Borger Over the next 25 years, the new technology would free the US from dependence on forward bases and the cooperation of regional allies, part of the drive towards self-sufficiency spurred by the difficulties of gaining international cooperation for the invasion of Iraq. The new weapons are being developed under a program codenamed Falcon (Force Application and Launch from the Continental US). The unmanned HCV would carry a payload of up to 12,000 lbs and could ultimately fly at speeds of up to 10 times the speed of sound, according to Daniel Goure, a military analyst at the Lexington Institute in Washington. Propelling a warhead of that size at those speeds poses serious technological challenges and DARPA estimates it will take more than 20 years to develop.

53. Journal Of Criminal Law And Criminology 25 On the other hand, genocide has cost the lives of more innocents this centurythan MASON civ. RTS. LJ 67 (1991) (Tahmassebi is an NRA employee). http://www.saf.org/LawReviews/KatesAndPolsby.htm

Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (Northwestern) Guns and Violence Symposium, vol. 86, no. 1, 1995 Book Review, 247. Posted for Educational use only The printed edition remains canonical. For citational use please visit the local law library or obtain a back issue. OF GENOCIDE AND DISARMAMENT Don B. Kates, Jr. Daniel D. Polsby * Jewish connection, they bend over backwards to avoid demonizing the German people for the Holocaust (blaming the rise of Nazism exclusively on adverse world and local economic conditions and on the post- World War I Versailles Treaty, which they appear to consider harsh and unfair to Germany). Menace, such bombastic comparisons accomplish nothing apart from gravely undermining the credibility of those who are guilty of them. It is unfortunate that this confusion exists because the foreign experience with firearms regulation and armed populations has much to inspire reflection as Americans try to reach some sort of admissible solution for the problem of crime and violence in our society. And on its own merits, Lethal Laws makes a worthwhile contribution to that endeavor. Arguments about firearms policy often fall back into the fashion of oracular interpretation, in which statistical entrails are examined and pronounced to imply (or not to imply) that gun control laws can lead to lower rates of homicide or suicide or that regional or national differences in patterns of firearms possession explain differences in the incidence of violent crime. The large question that tends to get lost in these minute inquiries is that of the ideal distribution of firearms in a society. Supposing we had a magic spell that allowed us to have whatever world we would like as regards firearms: what world would we choose? No firearms at all? Police and soldiers armed but no one else? Brinks truck drivers also armed? Upon what principles should we draw the line?

54. War Disaster And Genocide War and genocide and Disaster Victims Arthur Hu s Index of Diversity Famines 5M Korean War civ+mil (Aviation Week) 2M Vietnam war 196075 all sides 2M http://www.arthurhu.com/index/genocide.htm

War and Genocide and Disaster Victims: Arthur Hu's Index of Diversity (c) Arthur Hu, please cite when using data from here on how to get more complete data or complete text of these references With apologies to those who find the topic grisly, I've always wondered how all the great mass killings and wars rank compared against each other. This is one of the most complete collection of mass death statistics on the internet. Dedicated to the hope that people will one day stop using the name of economic justice to kill their fellow man and woman, and finally realize that Karl Marx, not free market capitalism, is the most evil system of thought, and biggest source of death and poverty in human history. Feel free to send comments or new information Karl Marx Wins The Award for Most Deaths In History Due to One Man And the award for the most mass killings credited to one man goes to ... (ta dah...) Karl Marx! Congratulations! It exceeds all war deaths in the 20th century, and even the wildest inflation of deaths due to slavery. More than Hitler. More than the Japanese Empire. Way more than Uncle Sam. Remember the motto.. No Justice No Peace. Just kill your fellow man until human equality has been achieved. Let this be a warning to those who want to raise hell for justice. An even more awesome reference is at http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstatx.htm"

55. The Globalization Of Human Rights: Consciousness, Law And Reality human rights, global human rights, human rights law. 5 In 1923 the world hadno torture treaty, no genocide convention, no Amnesty International, http://www.law.northwestern.edu/journals/jihr/v2/6/

Cite as: 2 Nw. U. J. Int'l Hum. Rts. 6 at http://www.law.northwestern.edu/journals/jihr/v2/6 JIHR Home Volume 2 (April 2004) Northwestern University Journal of International Human Rights The Globalization of Human Rights: Consciousness, Law and Reality Douglass Cassel pdf version Author's Preface I.Introduction II.The Rights Revolution in Historical Context ... VI.Conclusion Author's Preface Human rights have suffered sharp setbacks in the four years since the paper that follows was delivered in London in the summer of 2000. The terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001, and the Bush Administration's ensuing "war on terrorism," have led not only to a demotion of human rights on the list of American foreign policy priorities, but also to gross violations of human rights by Washington. Among other recent assaults on the rule of law are the prolonged detentions of hundreds of prisoners without trial or due process of law at the United States Naval Base in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Repressive regimes around the world have happily seized on American regression as precedent and pretext to trample on due process of law and to crack down on political dissent.

56. Strategy - Road To Peace Largely ignores genocide, Address genocide in timely manner with UN support Human rights Watch Inst. War Peace Int l Action Center Iraq Veterans http://www.roadtopeace.org/call_to_action/strategy/strategies.htm

57. Violence... The Story So Far » History... The Terrorism Perspective - Road To P Adolf Hitler genocide triggered spread of democracy; Franklin Rooseveltushered in a Human rights Watch Inst. War Peace Int l Action Center http://www.roadtopeace.org/history/history.html

Skip to main content. Violence... The story so far Compiled research on peace, violence and terrorism skip to content Who we are Make yourself heard Violence...The story so far ... What can we do? document.write("") No such item exists Comments No comments yet Add Comment Your comment Name E-mail/HTTP Remember Me setTimeout("runSlideShow('position1', 15000)", 15000); Select your topic: Anthropology Civilization Overview Controversies Economics ... Women Search Login Username Password Shared Computer Register as a member! Highest Rated Articles Historical Foundations Outline Bureaucracy Who You Know Global Warming Fundamentalism ... Voltaire Most Popular Articles Historical Foundations Outline Abraham - Book Review Extremism Atheism ... Christianity RSS Feeds Who we are Make yourself heard Violence... The story so far What can we do Links to other sites Pittsburgh Bloggers XHTML CSS Road to Peace . Development by Propagandaoffice

58. The Fields Report: March 2005 director of Human rights Watch’s International Justice Program. “After labelingDarfur a genocide, the United States is now blocking the credible threat http://fieldsreport.com/2005_03_01_fieldsreport_archive.html

ABOUT EMAIL RSS GOOD READS How Bush Won Is it really the case that, as the British tabloid the Daily Mirror famously put it, nearly 60 million Americans were simply too “dumb” to understand the implications of reelecting George W. Bush? It seems so...But as appealing as it is, folly does not constitute a sufficient explanation of the 2004 election. Inside the Committee that Runs the World September 11, 2001, was a catalytic event that revealed the core character of the Bush administration’s national security team. As rival factions fought for the president’s ear, the transformative ideals espoused by the neocons gained ascendancy—triggering a rift that has split the Republican foreign-policy establishment to its foundations. The Right's Assault on Kofi Annan The neoconservative and paleoconservative assault on Kofi Annan and the UN has been like a slightly slower version of the Swift Boat veterans' campaign against Democratic presidential nominee John Kerry. Listening to the cable pundits, you would never suspect that there is no proof at this point that Annan, or indeed anyone else at the UN, did anything wrong.

59. Fear And Loathing In America A civil rights leader refers to those who disagree with his agenda as How should I behave with those I believe to be racists plotting genocide? http://www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2003/1/31/85507.shtml

Home Money Jokes Links ... Shop September 21, 2005 Web NewsMax.com Powered by Rita a Category 5 Monster - Track Here Fear and Loathing in America David C. Stolinsky, M.D. Friday, Jan. 31, 2003 Hunter S. Thompson’s novel "Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas" was a best seller. I have used the words for a topic that I hope is as interesting, but I know is a lot less amusing. Of course, I could have used other words — hatred and contempt, for example. What I’m referring to is the degeneration of politics into name-calling, slander, invective, and insults of the vilest sort. What I’m complaining about is the abuse of the right of free speech. What I’m distressed by is the lack of awareness that this right, like all rights, comes with responsibilities firmly attached. I have a right — perhaps a duty — to criticize those with whom I disagree. In fact, I do it often. No one except a totalitarian denies this right. But does free speech include the right to use cruel humor and make fun of people’s disabilities? Does it include the right to compare political opponents to mass murderers or practitioners of genocide? Does it include the right to imply, or even to state plainly, that those with whom we disagree ought to be exterminated? No, I’m not referring to a legalistic interpretation of the First Amendment. I leave that to professors of law. I’m not referring to what is legal, but to what is moral. I realize that for many Americans today, this distinction is difficult, because they were never taught to think in moral terms. Nevertheless, it is a vital distinction.

60. Front Page If the current human rights mechanisms cannot force a political pariah such as Burma B. Exxon Mobil and genocide, Murder, and Torture in Aceh, Indonesia http://www.laborrights.org/press/harvardspring02.htm

The Key Human Rights Challenge: Developing Enforcement Mechanisms by Terry Collingsworth Harvard Human Rights Journal, Spring 2002, p.183 I. THE CURRENT REALITY OF RIGHTS WITHOUT REMEDIES The very essence of civil liberty certainly consists in the right of every individual to claim the protection of the laws, whenever he receives an injury .... It is a general and indisputable rule, that where there is a legal right, there is also a legal remedy by suit or action at law whenever that right is invaded .... The government of the United States has been emphatically termed a government of laws, and not of men. It will certainly cease to deserve this high appellation, if the laws furnish no remedy for the violation of a vested legal right. [FN1] Despite all of the international reporting and pronouncements, Burma, a charter member of the World Trade Organization, is still open for business. If the current human rights mechanisms cannot force a political pariah such as Burma to refrain from systematic human rights violations, then there is no chance that currently available tools will result in human rights enforcement in places like China, Vietnam, or IndonesiaWTO membership or not. Unfortunately, it seems that many human rights activists have accepted, or settled for, the distorted paradigm that limits their tools to reporting atrocities and debating new standards that can be the subject of yet more reports. A continual focus on refining standards, knowing that there is no effective enforcement mechanism, demonstrates a cynical detachment from reality. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is well-crafted and comprehensive. It has also been on the books since 1948, and we are a far cry from realizing its objectives because its signatories can and do ignore its provisions at will.

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