21. REL 100 Chapter Nine: African Worldviews To this day there are African peoples who subsist primarily on hunting, The ganda enjoy a rich indigenous tradition of history and literature, http://www.albany.edu/faculty/lr618/1rchap9.html

CHAPTER NINE African Worldviews Africa Resources for Stuy The High God and Other Spirits The High God is a common theme in the primary myth of small societies of relatively simple technologies. It is a common theme that the High God withdraws from contact with men, either because they have offended him or simply because their daily concerns are too unimportant. There is a Mende myth that the first man and woman used to ask God frequently for things, which he generously provided. But when they began to pester him he moved to heaven to get away. Before he left, however, he made an agreement, leaving them a fowl as a sign of the pact; they on their part were to refrain from having an evil disposition toward each other. If, however, they did do evil, they were to call God and he would come and reclaim the fowl. In brief, God was available for the expiation of evil. In East Africa a common name for the supreme being is Mulungu , a word of unknown origin but indicating the almighty and ever present creator. The thunder is said to be his voice and the lightning his power. He rewards the good and punishes the evil. The Luguru of East Africa claim that the earth was made by the High God Mulungu , but he is not normally concerned with human affairs. He is given no prayers or sacrifices. Prayers and sacrifices are made to the mitsimu, or ancestral spirits.

22. Evolutionary Appropriate Human Diet-books And Papers What we can say is that people living in wooded africa, and in subtropical and tropical forests Traditional Plant Foods of Canadian indigenous peoples http://www.naturalhub.com/opinion_right_food_for_the_human_animal_read_paper.htm

HEALTH, NUTRITION; THEORY THE EVOLUTIONARILY APPROPRIATE DIET FURTHER READING, PAPER Advanced Book Exchange Original native people Anthropology Africa World's Largest Source of Out of Print Books - 14 million titles listed Search Further Reading-Paper What is the Healthiest Diet for the Human Animal? www.naturalhub.com [The Natural Food Hub] [Living Unaturally-reaping the consequences] [Natural fruit] [Natural Nuts] ... [Natural Seeds] There have recently been several books written on the theme of the human diet in evolution. All attempts to figure out what we 'ought' to eat based on the lifeway and foods available to our ancestors come up against several difficulties. One is that we there are virtually no 'wild living' human animals left on earth. Another is that of those that are left, most are in harsh living conditions that are not typical of our original lifeway. These groups have been pushed to these marginal environments by invading agricultural and pastoral peoples, primarily urban industrial Westerners, and pastoralist. The diseases we introduced all but wiped out the wild living humans, as they had no natural resistance. Very little authentic knowledge exists of which plants and animals and animals are edible, how to gather/catch/prepare them. What we can say is that people living in wooded Africa, and in subtropical and tropical forests of Asia and Southeast Asia do give us some insights into the 'natural' food of humankind.

23. Antiques, Regional Art, African, Sculpture On Trocadero africa, Cameroon, Bamun peoples. Height 7 3/4 (19,7 cm). Several chips, right ear of horse One can see why they are nowadays referred to as ganda. http://www.trocadero.com/directory/Antiques:Regional_Art:African:Sculpture.html

Home Join Shops Map ... Help Antiques, Fine Art, Collectibles, Gifts Personalized Storefronts Directory Antiques Regional Art African : Sculpture advanced search SUBCATEGORIES 19th Century African Bronze Senufu Altar Piece Antiques Regional Art African ... Sculpture Pre 1900: item #449631 click for details Tel. 410-225-2727 Fine 19th century African Senufu Tribe Altar Piece "Couple Seated While Eating". Consists of bronze. Measures 6.00 inches in height. Excellent patina. TERRACOTTA HEAD FROM NIGERIA Antiques Regional Art African ... Sculpture Pre AD 1000: item #442075 click for details Xanthos Antiquities and Fine Art Terracotta head from Nigeria. 1st Millennium AD. Mounted. H:8cm FINE 18th / 19th C BENIN AFRICAN IVORY TUSK LARGE 42 Antiques Regional Art African ... Sculpture Pre 1900: item #439125 click for details Lochiano Fine Antiques A excessively rare ivory tusk from Benin. Skillfully carved as found more on royal implements. The relief carvings depicts the King at the top of the tusk (a typical symbol in Benin tusk carvings), as well as other people probably of the royal court. The rest of the relief carvings depict typical Benin motifs that were symbols of power. Excellent condition and bits of gold patina which is evidence of age. Circa 18th / 19th C and a powerful example. 42" long and in overall excellent condition. Sepik River New Guinea dance costume Antiques Regional Art African ... Sculpture Pre 1920: item #434573 click for details One of a Kind ANTIQUES And ART Sepik River New Guinea tribal dance costume. This Sepik River mask measures 54 inches high and retains its original painted patina decorated with red ochre, black and white pigments and cassowary feathers. This New Guinea tribal dance mask was brought out of the Sepik River area over 30 years ago. Shipping extra. Connecticut residents and buyers picking up in Connecticut add 6% state sales tax. Buyers outside the USA are responsible for any taxes,tariffs or customs that might apply.

24. Eugene Hillman, CSSp - Good News For Every Nation - Via Inculturation (6) Examples of African nations Maasai, Kikuyu, Nandi, Tem, ganda, Luba, In contrast to the selfgoverning traditions of indigenous peoples, http://www.sedos.org/english/Hillman_2.htm

* Eugene Hillman, CSSp Good News for Every Nation - Via Inculturation The nations ( gentes ) to whom the Christian community is divinely sent, and supposed to become incarnate through faithfulness to the missionary principle of inculturation, are not the world’s politically constructed nation-states as such. They are, rather, the multitude of indigenous ethno-cultural nations, sometimes sill called "tribes," enclosed within the boundaries of politically constructed nation-states. This view of missionary activity has far reaching social, cultural, ethical, theological and ecclesial implications. Introduction This paper offers some reflections on the political and religious dimensions of humankind’s historical existence as a multitude of distinctive ethno-cultural groups of people. The particular focus is upon those living in Africa south of the Sahara. Their total population is about five hundred million, currently threatened massively by an HIV/AIDS pandemic; also by countless struggles for power, wealth and mere survival, not to mention neo-colonial controls and constraints. Under colonialism these peoples were categorized politically as "tribes." In the terms of 19 th century Social Darwinism they were taught in schools and churches, at least implicitly, to see themselves as backward peoples, or even as aggregates of competing individuals, marching slowly along a road called "progress." Their modernizing "development"-consisting largely in the pursuit of wealth and power by

25. Public Anthropology The first is the indigenous african states that exist within the larger nation In Mulago a parish in africa, a group known as ganda was the ingroup. http://www.publicanthropology.org/Archive/AnthCAOldS1962.htm

Search: search tips sitemap (c) Robert Borofsky (Webmaster, 2004) Anthropologica (Old Series) Codere, Helen. Power in Rwanda . Anthropologica 1962. IV(1): 45-86. Codere argues for an interpretation of power in relation to Rwanda's social and political organization. The article begins with a brief history of the separate origins and existence of Rwanda's three ethnic groups; the Hutu, Tutsi and Twa. Although the Hutu composed the majority of the population in Rwanda, the Tutsi minority were established as the ruling group. The three groups were differentiated in terms of ethnic categories, which helped establish a system of discrimination against the Hutu as a whole. After a brief history of Rwanda, the article argues against the classical interpretation of social and political structure by anthropology. According to the author, the classical interpretation states that Rwanda is a functioning whole that continues in time through its reinforcing institutions and vast web of reciprocities, which benefit and obligate every one of its members. However, in Rwanda's case, society is not seen as a network of reciprocities. Power is centred in one small minority group, which demonstrates that it is not beneficial to all members of society. Next, power in Rwanda is defined as the ability of one individual to inflict harm or deprivation on another. Power relations are seen as the basis of Rwanda's social and political structure and the monopoly of power by the Tutsi minority is presented as the main feature of Rwanda's society. The major form of power relationship is the Vassalage, called Ubuhake in Rwanda. This relationship strongly encouraged the exploitation of the Hutu by the Tutsi. The power relationships in Rwanda show the monopoly of power by the Tutsi, as well as the inequity in power between the Tutsi and Hutu. The revolution in Rwanda that began in 1959 has resulted in shifts for both the Hutu and Tutsi in social relations and access to economic benefits and power.

26. Welcome To Djembe-L FAQ | The History Of The Ashiko one of the many different types of drums indigenous to the Yoruba people. kihembe ngoma of East africa played by the ganda people of Uganda. http://djembelfaq.drums.org/ashiko_history.htm

This page sponsored by ADVERTISE ON DJEMBE-L FAQ Drums.org Texas Drums ... Glossary supporting Djembe-L FAQ We need Your financial support to keep Djembe-L FAQ FREE The History of the Ashiko reprinted with permission of The Chicago Djembe Project, August, 2003 In response to the request for historical information on the Ashiko, as well as the comment quoted from the djembe-l archive, I thought it would save a lot of time to repost a variety of historical exchanges on the Ashiko (from Nigeria) and the Ngoma (from the Congo and other Central African countries), found in the "Baffling Vault of Djembe-L Antiquity TM)." In 1996 and 1997, there were several threads about these very similar drums, their origin, and their method of construction (staved vs. carved from a single log), prompted in part by the fact that Baba Olatunji had referred to and used both in his bands over the years. As with the djembe, the ashiko and ngoma have a longer and more complex history in North America (and Africa) than many people think. Particularly interesting in these quotes is the acknowledgement of

27. Bantu Peoples --  Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The Online Encyclopedia Yo than 200 million and occupying almost the entire southern projection of africa. indigenous peoples Compilation of links to articles and essays on http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article?tocId=9356547&query=national forum on peop

28. 1Up Science > Links Directory > Social Sciences: Anthropology: Cultural Anthropo A ethnography on the Hausa people of africa. Highland Scots Ethnographic summary of a group of indigenous mountain peoples of northern Luzon, http://www.1upscience.com/links/cultural-anthropology-ethnography.html

Home Contact Us Privacy Search 1Up Science Science A-Z A B C D ... Z Agriculture Animals Economics Farming Practices Field Crops ... More.. Alternative Science Alchemy Archaeology Astronomy Cryptozoology ... More.. Astronomy Astrophysics Calendars and Timekeeping Cosmology Eclipses and Occultations ... More.. Biology Biochemistry Biotechnology Botany Ecology ... More.. Chemistry Biochemistry Chemical Engineering Electrochemistry Elements ... More.. Earth Sciences Ecology Geology Geomatics Geophysics ... More.. Environment Air Quality Ecology Energy Health ... More.. Math Algebra Chaos and Fractals Differential Equations Geometry ... More.. Physics Alternative Astronomy Astrophysics Crystallography ... More.. Social Sciences Anthropology Archaeology Cognitive Science Economics ... Urban and Regional Planning s More.. Technology Acoustics Aerospace Chemical Engineering Electronics ... Cultural Anthropology : Ethnography Description Categories African Studies American Studies Asian Studies European Studies ... South Pacific Studies See Related Categories Science: Social Sciences: Anthropology: Cultural Anthropology: Methods and Techniques Science: Social Sciences: Ethnic Studies Society: Ethnicity Sites Amhara A ethnographic report on the Amhara people of Africa.

29. Language English Español Portugués Français [Home] [Contact TEBTEBBA Foundation (indigenous peoples International Centre for Policy Metro Manila Linis ganda. Fully funded. Self finance. Dr. Jose Padilla http://www.rio10.dk/index.php?a=show&doc_id=1032

30. Mugandadance events of the time and therefore reflect the indigenous people’s perspectives. The name of the dance is derived from the Tumbuka language term ganda http://www.bridgewater.edu/~mtembo/mugandadance.html

Mwizenge S. Tembo, Ph. D. Bridgewater College, Box 74, Bridgewater, VIRGINIA 22812 Office 540-828-5351 Fax # 540 - 828-5479 mtembo@bridgewater.edu July 27, 1995 The Mganda Traditional Dance among the Tumbuka of Zambia by Mwizenge S. Tembo*, Ph. D Associate Prof. of Sociology S ynchronizing their movements with the louder and more powerful drumming, the dancers vigorously go through dazzling movements somewhat depicting military like drills, then they swing around injecting some of the African traditional rhythmic gyrating movements. All the while the dancers use whistles to accentuate and time some of the smoothly choreographed movements. This explosion of intense action and energy might last up to a few minutes depending on the length and sequence of the steps of the dance. Then there is a lull in the dance as the performers slow down to start the cycle again by singing the song or starting a new one. It is at this time, that young beautiful women using their clean well pressed handkerchiefs, might wipe the sweat off the brow of a particular drummer or dancer. This is every young dancer’s dream. Individual members of the audience may also place small sums of money in a particular dancer’s palm as a reward for his good or particularly outstanding dancing during a preceding sequence. This is known as kusupa.

31. Africa English, ganda or Luganda ,other NigerCongo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, africa - 54 countries, over 1000 languages, 797 million people http://members.tripod.com/the_english_dept/africa.html

THE ENGLISH DEPARTMENT English Speaking Countries in Africa North America Central America and the Caribbean South America ... Australia and Oceania Go to Home Site Map School Students Teachers Epals Brazil English Speaking Countries Personal Page This site belongs to Barbara Dieu EFL teacher and coordinator of the Foreign Language Department Lycée Pasteur, Curso Experimental Bilingue São Paulo, Brazil homebase for This is Our Time Project (French and Portuguese Speaking Countries) Last updated domingo 21 abril, 2002 19:12 [back to the top] Thanks to Mooney's Mini Flags Country Capital Language Botswana Gaborone English, Setswana Cameroon Yaonde English, French + 24 major African language groups The Gambia Banjul English, Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars Ghana Accra English, African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga) Kenya Nairobi English , Kiswahili , numerous indigenous languages

32. Uganda Travel Information | Lonely Planet Destination Guide indigenous kingdoms popped up in Uganda in the 14th century. Among them were the Buganda, From Nairobi, most people then travel by bus to Uganda. http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/africa/uganda/printable.htm

@import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle.css"; @import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle_structure.css"; @import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle_theme.css"; worldguide shop thorn tree forum travel services ... travel links Explore Uganda Uganda Newly invigorated and raring to go, Uganda is worth a fresh-eyed look. View Map Click here Feature Attraction Bwindi Impenetrable National Park This park, aka the Impenetrable Forest, covers 331 sq km (128 sq mi) and is home to 320 of the... more > WORLDGUIDE Introduction See Image Gallery Transport Money Essential Info RELATED Thorn Tree Forum Postcards Travel Links At a Glance Fast Facts Travellers are flocking to Uganda's beautiful mountains, trekking opportunities and communities of mountain gorillas. Kampala is now the modern, bustling capital of a new Uganda, a country with one of the fastest growing economies in Africa. Insecure Areas Parts of Uganda should be considered off-limits due to a highly volatile security situation. Rebels in the north are responsible for many crimes against civilians. Ethnic conflict and banditry are common irritants in the northeastern Karamoja region and in neighbouring Katakwi district. Sections of the country's mountainous west bordering the Democratic Republic of the Congo previously considered insecure - including the Ruwenzori mountains and the Bwindi National Park - have been secured by the government, Nebbi district being the exception.

33. SSRC :: International Dissertation Field Research Fellowships (IDRF) Fellowship “Beyond the Royal Gaze ganda Clans and the Construction of an African “Contested Histories Identity and indigenous People’s Movement in Nepal.” http://www.ssrc.org/fellowships/idrf/Fellows/2001_Fellows/?_format=printable

34. Uganda People Uganda People population, ethnic groups, religions and customs Religions Roman Catholic 33% Protestant 33% Muslim 16% indigenous beliefs 18% http://www.world66.com/africa/uganda/people

Uganda People - population, ethnic groups, religions and customs the travel guide you write Recent Changes Home Destinations Mapsonomy ... Uganda Sections Uganda Map History Practical Information ... [Add Section] Map View Enlargement People [edit this] [Upload image] Population: 22 167 195 (July 1998 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 51% (male 5 682 510; female 5 643 962) 15-64 years: 47% (male 5 157 818; female 5 199 080) 65 years and over: 2% (male 236 374; female 247 451) (July 1998 est.) Population growth rate: 2.85% (1998 est.) Birth rate: 49.21 births/1 000 population (1998 est.) Death rate: 18.95 deaths/1 000 population (1998 est.) Net migration rate: -1.8 migrant(s)/1 000 population (1998 est.) note: Uganda is host to refugees from a number of neighboring countries including: Sudan 175 000 Rwanda possibly 10 000 and Democratic Republic of the Congo about 5 000 Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.95 male(s)/female (1998 est.) Infant mortality rate: 92.86 deaths/1 000 live births (1998 est.)

35. 3 British Colonial Policies Uganda Protectorate (briefly British Imperial East africa Co. benefit of the indigenous people, and to prepare the indigenous people for selfgovernment http://husky1.stmarys.ca/~wmills/course317/3brit_policies.html

Wallace G. Mills Hist. 317 3 Brit. Colonial Policies British Colonial Policies British Colonial Policies in South Africa - Britain had longer, more continuous colonial experience than most imperial powers, even if not all of that was relevant (especially where white settlers predominated). 1. Natal - there were separate legal and political systems for whites and Africans even though the line tended to be a bit ad hoc). - Natal did have procedures whereby Africans could go from traditional law and custom to European law. There were procedures to allow Africans to obtain the right to vote; these procedures were so difficult that few were able (or willing) to acquire the vote. 2 Cape Colony no differentiation. - initially, a separate territory, Kaffraria, was set up in order to recognise and administer Xhosa law and custom. However, in the 1850s, Sir George Grey initiated the policy of assimilation that was to be policy in the Cape until 1936. he set out to achieve assimilation as rapidly as possible through schools and hospitals; he recognised that it would take time and have to be accomplished in an evolutionary fashion. in criminal aspects European law was used .

36. KUSA, KUSA Program Notes The indigenous Music of africa. africa, south of the Sahara is inhabited by Performed by ablebodied men and women, the Lugbara people perform it to ask http://web.mit.edu/mitcan/www/kusakusa.html

MIT African Music and Dance Ensemble (MITCAN) James Makubuya, Director presents KUSA, KUSA A Program of Instrumental Music, Song, and Dance from Kenya, Uganda and South Africa 8 pm Thursday, May 8, 1997 Kresge Auditorium, MIT Free Admission The Indigenous Music of Africa Africa, south of the Sahara is inhabited by hundreds of different ethnic groups, each with a musical tradition of its own. Sub-Saharan Africa boasts of a diverse and rich traditional music heritage that has for centuries been orally transmitted from generation to generation. Despite external influences, the majority of these ethnic groups continue to value and practice their respective traditional musical styles which in turn have and continue to establish strong musical and cultural identities. In tonight's concert event, the MIT African Performing Ensemble (MITCAN) in its second semester of existence at MIT can only share fragments of this rich cultural music heritage that range from song, dance and instrumental music from three broad areas of East and South Africa - specifically: Kenya, Uganda, and South Africa. Instruments used in tonight's Concert: adungu ( 9-string bow harp) - said to have originated among the Alur (people) of the northwestern region of Uganda but has recently been adopted and adapted by many other ethnic groups in other parts of Africa.

37. HISTORY OF THE SUKUMA They amalgamated or divided traditional imported ganda akidas from Uganda the interests of the indigenous people to aim at purely African institutions http://fizzylogic.com/wasukuma/history.html

HISTORY OF THE SUKUMA European penetration of the East African hinterland dates from little more than 100 years ago. Colonial administration commenced formerly in 1890, but effective control in local areas required a decade or two more for its accomplishment. In its entirety the era ended with the independence of Tanganyika in 1961, Uganda in 1962, and Kenya and Zanzibar in 1963. The European presence- whatever its accomplishments or failures, advantages or drawbacks-both forced and attracted East Africa abruptly into the modern world. THE SUKUMA Details of Sukuma origins are obscure. Available evidence suggests that the tribe as it exists today a conglomeration of disparate, indigenous. Bantu- speaking clans, overlaid with immigrant Hima (Nilo - Hamitic) stock. The migrants, who were Voluntarily accepted as chiefs after their arrival, made their way around the West Side of Lake Victoria from Uganda and farther north between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries. Perhaps because it represents one geographical extreme of this Migration, the Sukuma amalgam is virtually complete physically and culturally. Rigid differentiation does not exist as in some other inter-lacustrine tribes: most Sukuma believe they are at least distant relatives of former chiefs. The individual chiefdom, rather than the tribe, was traditionally the primary focus of loyalty above the most local community of homesteads like the Soga of Uganda, the Sukuma were a multi- kingdom collection of more or less autonomous chieftaincies. Approximately fifty in number, these were ruled by chiefs possessing magic-religious as well as political powers. The necessity for a fundamentally approving consensus on the part of the people, and certain privileges and sanctions enjoyed by groups within the traditional political order limited the autocratic tendencies of chiefs. Principal among these groups were electors (bananghoma) who were relatives of the royal line but themselves ineligible for office, leaders of the elders (Banamhala), and leaders of the young men (basumba batale).

38. GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Africa - Uganda - People Facts And Figures Demographic information and statistics on the people of Uganda. Religions, Roman Catholic 33%, Protestant 33%, Muslim 16%, indigenous beliefs 18% http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/ug/Uganda_people.htm

Home World Map Rankings Countries from A to Z A B C D ... Z Source: www.exchange-rates.org World Africa Uganda (Facts) Uganda - People (Facts) Population: note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 50.6% (male 6,696,193; female 6,653,764) 15-64 years: 47.1% (male 6,199,732; female 6,233,678) 65 years and over: 2.4% (male 269,990; female 351,186) (2004 est.) Population growth rate: 2.97% (2004 est.) Birth rate: 46.31 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) Death rate: 16.61 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) Net migration rate: migrant(s)/1,000 population note: according to the UNHCR, by the end of 2001, Uganda was host to 178,815 refugees from a number of neighboring countries, including: Sudan 155,996, Rwanda 14,375, and Democratic Republic of the Congo 7,459 (2004 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

39. UNA-NCA > About Africa Business and finance information and daily updates for North africa. The Guardian Times (link) Uganda (The Land of the ganda People). A Sordid Tale http://www.unanca.org/aboutafrica.htm

back to UNANCA Web NEWS African Media link Homepage of the widely popular African Magazine TV news show. Spotlight on Africa link History Revealing Clues to Current Issues The Monitor Online link Uganda's only Independent daily newspaper The Uganda Page s ( link News from around Kampala and Uganda The BBC Africa link Africa-focus daily top headlines AllAfrica.com link Headlines from around Africa Daily Nation link East African news and information links. The East African link News from East African countries The East African Standard link News from East African countries BUSINESS ITWEB link New business and technology developments in Africa The North Africa Journal link Business and finance information and daily updates for North Africa The Guardian Times link Offshore and International investment information CULTURE Tours and Travel in Uganda link Information about tourism in Central Africa Orientation link Radio, online, newspaper, and entertainment sources for Africa Putumayo World Music link Traditional African music Mission Statement It is no surprise that in the absence of an African perspective in documentation, coverage, and dissemination of African related news and information, the general information and historical documentation made available to societies around the world about Africa, often through western media, is either limited or distorted in context.

40. ScienceDaily Browse Topics Science/Social_Sciences ganda A ethnography on a group that lives on the shores of Lake Victoria. Hausa - A ethnography on the Hausa people of africa. http://www.sciencedaily.com/directory/Science/Social_Sciences/Anthropology/Cultu

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