21. History - Gabon - Africa gabon, history. Discoveries of tools from the end of the Old Stone Age and the New its ties with France and the Frenchspeaking regional organizations. http://www.countriesquest.com/africa/gabon/history.htm

you are here home Africa Gabon History Gabon, History Discoveries of tools from the end of the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age indicate early settlements in what is now Gabon, but little is known about the first inhabitants. By the 13th century ad the Mpongwe people were established in the country. The first contact with Europeans was with the Portuguese in the 1470s. During the following 350 years, first the Portuguese and later the French, Dutch, and English carried on a lucrative trade in slaves. The first permanent European settlement was made by the French, with the agreement of the Mpongwe ruler, in 1839. Libreville was founded a decade later by freed slaves. Over the next several years the French extended their rule inland, and in 1866 they appointed a governor to Gabon, which was then attached to the French Congo; it became part of French Equatorial Africa in 1910. During World War II (1939-1945) Gabon was held by the Free French, and in 1946 it became an overseas territory of France. The first Gabonese government council was formed in 1957, and Leon Mba became president of the council in 1958. Also in 1958, Gabon voted to become an autonomous republic in the French Community. Mba then became prime minister. The country declared its independence on August 17, 1960, and in 1961 Mba was elected president. A military coup overthrew President Mba’s government in 1964, but French troops, in accordance with a Franco-Gabonese defense agreement, intervened and restored him to power; he was reelected president in 1967. Upon Mba’s death later that year, Vice President Albert-Bernard Bongo succeeded to the presidency. Bongo, who later assumed the Islamic first name Omar, was reelected in 1973. During the mid-1970s Gabon began to loosen its ties with France and the French-speaking regional organizations. With Gabonization, the government became a partner in many foreign firms, and native Gabonese filled management positions once held by foreigners. Favorable markets for Gabonese exports, especially oil, natural gas, uranium, and manganese, contributed to rapid economic expansion during the 1970s, but the economy cooled during the following decade.

22. CARPE Web Page CARPE history The USAID Central African regional Program for the the CentralAfrican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, gabon and Republic of Congo. http://carpe.umd.edu/overview2004/history_2004.asp

Central African Regional Program for the Environment Home Overview Implementation Participants ... Resources OVERVIEW What is CARPE? History Organizational Chart CARPE History The USAID Central African Regional Program for the Environment (CARPE) is a 20-year regional initiative that began in September 1995. See also: CARPE News Goals Where CARPE Works CARPE was intended to coordinate work on identifying and establishing the conditions and practices required to reduce deforestation and loss of biological diversity in Central Africa. Although CARPE has been a nine-country, thirteen-partner project, under the new Strategic Objective the number of partners has increased. Its U.S.-based partners work with African NGOs, research and education organizations, government agencies, and private-sector consultants. Through these partners CARPE has engaged a variety of African stakeholders in evaluating threats to forests in Central Africa and identifying opportunities for sustainable forest management. After seven years of operation, CARPE is shifting its strategic focus and changing the location of its management functions. In its first phase, CARPE’s partners have focused on increasing our knowledge of Central African forests and biodiversity, and building institutional and human resources capacity. In the next thirteen years, however, CARPE partners aim to apply and implement sustainable natural resources management practices in the field with an added emphasis on the US contribution to the CBFP. CARPE will also improve environmental governance in the region, and strengthen natural resources monitoring capacity.

23. LyricsVault: History Of Music; Cultural And Regional Genres Of Music Music of gabon Music of the Gambia (AfroManding blues) Music ofGeorgia (country) (orovela, By province, region or other sub-national entity http://www.lyricsvault.net/history/CulturalRegionalGenres.html

Cultural and regional genres of music Cultural genres By race or ethnicity Australian Aboriginal music (didgeridoo, Aboriginal rock) African American music (blues, gospel, soul, funk, jazz, rock 'n' roll, hip hop) Andean music (nueva cancion) Arab music (classical Arab music, rai, sout, gnawa, al-jil, chaabi) Ashkenazi music (klezmer) Basque music (trikitrixa, bersolari, shawm and drum, fasil, raks, calgia) Bedouin music (zajal) Berber music Blackfoot music Celtic music (jig, reel, strathspey, hornpipe) Garifuna music (punta, paranda, brukdown) Gypsy music (flamenco) Inuit music (katajjaq) Jewish music (piyyutim, klezmer) Kurdish music Lusophone music (fado, samba, Angolan merengue, semba, bossa nova, choro, lambada, MPB, baila, timbila, gumbe, marrabenta, morna) Maori music (kapa haka, waiata) Native American and First Nations music (chicken scratch, pow-wow, peyote song) Nordic music (pols, polska, runo, Scandinavian death metal, Finnish opera) Palestinian music (dabka, dalauna, meyjana)

24. Gb_air_gabon_1 OUR history. Until 1977, gabon s only airline was a small domestic carrier To develop Libreville into a regional hub servicing gabon s neighboring http://www.africa-ata.org/gb_air_gabon_1.htm

Gabon Story Attractions Gabon Map Photos 1-4 ... photos (large) Air Gabon Air Routes Airline History Air Fleet Air Service ... Visitor Info AIR GABON: ONE OF THE LEADERS OF AN ELITE GROUP OF AFRICAN NATIONAL CARRIERS AIR GABON is the national carrier of the Republic of Gabon. We are proud to be in the vanguard of African airlines that provide a wide-ranging international and domestic flight network, soaring across continents with the most up-to-date fleet, equipment, and highest caliber of services. We make it easy to fly not only within Africa, but between Africa and Europe and the Middle East. Travelers coming to Africa from the United States can make easy connections to AIR GABON in Paris, London or Rome. OUR HISTORY Until 1977, Gabon's only airline was a small domestic carrier functioning under the Transgabon Company, with international routes served by other airlines. Today, Air Gabon offers "Le Meillieur Solution" (The Best Solution) and convenient connections to get you here, there, and almost anywhere!

25. BookHq: Researcher's Guide To Archives And Regional History Sources By John C. L Researcher s Guide to Archives and regional history Sources French Guyana,French Southern Territories, gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana http://www.bookhq.com/compare/0208021442.html

Home Login Register Help Search: by ISBN # by Keyword Link directly to this book using: http://www.bookhq.com/compare/0208021442.html Book Information Researcher's Guide to Archives and Regional History Sources by John C. Larsen (Editor) Edition:0 Pages:167 Book Format: ISBN:0208021442 Date Published:09/1988 Publisher:Shoe String Press, Incorporated Remember to bookmark bookHq! Ctrl-D Tell your friends too! Qty: books in your list. View book list Citi mtvU Student Card Search will take a maximum of 15 seconds. Problem? Retry the search. Click on the retailer name or the total to go directly to the book Best Price New : $42.43 @ Amazon UK Used : $24.95 @ Half.com BookHq Listed : none Results Click on the Retailer name or the Price to buy the book Retailer Type Price Tax Total Avl + Ship = Total Notes Half.com Used Enter your zipcode for availability information, the total price. zipcode: Alibris Used Amazon US Used Amazon UK New Abebooks.com Used Blackwells UK New This book is not available in : Amazon CA Blackwells US Chapters eCampus ... Walmart Search 24 bookstores with 1 click! Search: by ISBN# by Title by Author by Keyword Shipping: Cheapest Default / Typical Fast Faster Fastest Currency: Euro Australian Dollar Brazilian Real Canadian Dollar Chinese Yuan Danish Krone Hong Kong Dollar Indian Rupee Japanese Yen Malaysian Ringgit Mexican Peso New Zealand Dollar Norwegian Krone Philippine Pesos Singaporean Dollar South African Rand South Korean Won Sri Lanka Rupee Swedish Krona Swiss Franc Taiwanese N.T. Dollar

26. WEF (The Regional Meetings > Sub-saharan Africa > Gabon ) The regional meetings SubSaharan Africa gabon This is necessary sinceduring the greater part of its history, gabon did not particularly suffer http://www2.unesco.org/wef/en-leadup/rmeet_afric_gabon.shtm

Framework for Action Participants Organizers Online coverage ... Regional action plan Action plan to reduce gender disparities By Leila Loupis, UNESCO Harare Gender disparities in education was one of the major concerns of the 1990 Jomtien conference, and many African governments and organisations have addressed this issue. The Association of Female Educators of Gabon (A.F.E.G.) is an assembly of Gabon's women teachers with the important mission is to guide and support young girls. The association's honorary president is Mrs Paulette Missambo, State Minister in charge of National Education and the Status of Women. In 1996, the result of research carried out by A.F.E.G. brought to light the existence of failure, wastage and other difficulties in girl's education. The study revealed that the problems were related not to the level of access to education for girls, but more to the level of schooling attained: at primary level, the enrolment ratio for girls was 89%, but by the end of the secondary cycle, it had dropped to only 7,20%. In other words, faced with problems related to the image of women, early pregnancy, the obligation of household tasks, and girl's vulnerability in general, girls had difficulties in continuing and completing their studies.

27. Yaoundé, Regional Delegation (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Equat *history *Structure *Finances and budget *Human resources gabon. Introduction Inaddition to its specific activities in Chad, the regional delegation http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList143/EBFF4E87A35ED64BC1256B660059

About the ICRC ICRC activities The ICRC worldwide Focus ... Print this page Annual Report Yaound©, regional delegation (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and S£o Tom© and Pr­ncipe) Introduction Chad Equatorial Guinea Gabon Introduction In addition to its specific activities in Chad, the regional delegation concentrated on furthering cooperation with the Red Cross Societies of the region and provided expertise and financial assistance to the National Societies of Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Chad, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon for their emergency preparedness, hygiene and sanitation, tracing and dissemination programmes. Tracing activities for Chadian and Sudanese refugees were carried out with the assistance of the National Societies of Cameroon, the Central African Republic and Chad. As regards medical activities, the ICRC continued to fit war amputees with artificial limbs, while training programmes to convert to polypropylene technology were successfully completed at the prosthetic/orthotic centres in N'Djamena and Yaound©. Chad After several decades of armed conflict, Chad's political and economic problems did not improve in 1995. The government attempted to assert its authority by once again rescheduling democratic elections, while militarized political opposition movements consolidated their position. Violent confrontations between the government and the opposition occurred throughout the year, making negotiation impossible. At the same time, large quantities of arms flooding through the country made widespread banditry a serious problem. In view of the prevailing instability, the ICRC maintained its emergency medical stocks in N'Djamena.

28. ECCAS/CEEAC Profile Contact Details Member States history and Background Objectives In January 2000, gabon hosted a regional peacekeeping exercise “gabon 2000” with http://www.iss.co.za/AF/RegOrg/unity_to_union/eccasprof.htm

PROFILE: ECONOMIC COMMUNITY OF CENTRAL AFRICAN STATES (ECCAS / CEEAC) Return to ECCAS Index Page Profile - PDF 63kb Map - PDF 203kb Contact Details ... Peace and Security Related Activities 1. CONTACT DETAILS: CEEAC BP 2112 Libreville Gabon Tel : +241-44 47 31 Fax: +241-44 47 32 Email: ceeac.orgsr@inet.ga Website : www.ceeac-eccas.org Top 2. MEMBER STATES: Angola Burundi Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Congo (Brazzaville) Democratic Republic of Congo Equatorial Guinea Gabon Rwanda Top 3. HISTORY AND BACKGROUND: ECCAS began functioning in 1985, but was inactive for several years because of financial difficulties (non-payment of membership fees) and the conflict in the Great Lakes area. The war in the DRC was particularly divisive, as Rwanda and Angola fought on opposing sides. ECCAS has been designated a pillar of the AEC, but formal contact between the African Economic Community (AEC) and ECCAS was only established in October 1999 due to the inactivity of ECCAS since 1992 (ECCAS signed the Protocol on Relations between the AEC and the RECs in October 1999). The AEC again confirmed the importance of ECCAS as the major economic community in Central Africa at the third preparatory meeting of its Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in June 1999. Presided over by President Pierre Buyoya of Burundi, the 2nd Extra-Ordinary Summit of ECCAS was held in Libreville on 6 February 1998. The Heads of State/Government present at the summit commit ted themselves to the resurrection of the organisation. The Prime Minister of Angola also indicated that his country would become a fully-fledged member.

29. West African Oil And Gas and regional Politics Economic Overview Oil Industry Corruption history of Nigeria Angola Cote D?Ivoire Equatorial Guinea gabon Cameroon http://www.mindbranch.com/listing/product/R215-022.html

West African Oil and Gas Product Type: Market Research Report Published by SMi Publishing Published on February 2000 Product Code: R215-022 Ordering and More Information Price and Delivery Options Abstract Almost all of the nations which make up the west African coastline have some form of upstream petroleum industry, ranging from the prolific Nigerian plays to the deepwater and ultra deepwater prospective blocks offshore Angola. Political instability and civil war have adversely affected a number of countries in this region over the past 20-30 years, and in some cases fighting and conflict still continues. Nevertheless oil and gas exploration and production continues amidst these conditions. New acreage is continually being offered to international consortia as the West African states seek to develop the prolific continental margin. These conditions make it vital for oil and gas contractor executives that they are kept fully briefed on the socio-political state of prospective states. This report will analyse all of the countries which comprise the west African margin, namely; Senegal, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Guinea, Liberia, Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo-Brazzaville, Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola and Namibia. "So, what can the oil producers of West Africa expect in the new millennium? Well, if crude prices continue to rise and reach 20 dollars a barrel, they could find themselves on the road to a bonanza. It is no understatement to say that this region, with its abundance of natural resources, is currently one of the world’s most attractive exploration areas for hydrocarbons".Dr Rilwanu Lukman, Secretary General, OPEC

30. The Leading Edge -- Sign In Page North gabon rifted terrane. This forms a broad zone of stretched (rifted) In this section we review the structural history of the region and show the http://tle.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/full/21/11/1112

Quick Search: advanced search GSW Home GeoRef Home My GSW Alerts ... SEARCH This item requires a subscription to GeoScienceWorld. Full Text Regional geology and geophysics of the eastern Gulf of Guinea (Niger Delta to Rio... Lawrence et al. The Leading Edge. This Article Figures Only Full Text (PDF) Submit a response ... Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager GeoRef GeoRef Citation To view this item, select one of the options below: Sign In User Name Sign in without cookies. Can't get past this page? Help with Cookies. Need to Activate? Password Forgot your user name or password? Athens users Sign in via Athens : Access is available using your Athens username and password. Contact your library if you do not have an Athens username and password. List of Athens registered sites , including contact details. Sign Up Subscribe to the Journal - Subscribe to the print and/or online journal. JOURNAL HOME HELP CONTACT PUBLISHER SUBSCRIBE ... SEARCH

31. Career History Career history. Please note that links in italics are external links, others areinternal regional Director (West Africa) General Manager (gabon) http://www.jwinternational.com/careerhistory.htm

Please note that links in italics are external links, others are internal navigation aids Home Background Career History Qualifications Countries C.V. Organigrams Use your browser back key to return to previous page Recent positions have included: Regional Director/General Manager (West Africa); Construction Director; Projects Manager; Area Manager I am an accomplished Director/Manager and Chartered Engineer with extensive and diverse international project management, construction management and executive experience in building/civil contracting, oil/gas, petro-chem and property development fields. management capacity Consistent record of achievement at international level Proven profitable management of complex projects to tight time and cost schedules Successful turnaround of troubled projects into profit - with satisfied clients Strong team and man-manager and excellent motivator Powerful communicative and interpersonal skills at all levels Successful business development record internationally with both contractors and consultants Proven diplomatic skills in client negotiations and with labour organisations Project Management of diverse (non-construction) related projects Excellent language skills.

32. Gabon Travel Directory - Destinations, Hotels, Airline Tickets And More... gabon. history. During the last seven centuries Bantu ethnic groups arrived Using the PDG as a tool to submerge the regional and tribal rivalries that http://www.affordabletravel.org/africa/gabon/history.php

Home Destinations FAQ Contact ... Click Here for Details. Sections History Links Books People ... Internet Cafes Destinations Bongoville Franceville Koulamoutou Lastoursville ... Port gentil World Map North America Central America and The Caribbean South America Africa ... gabon Gabon History During the last seven centuries Bantu ethnic groups arrived in the area from several directions to escape enemies or to find new land. Little is known of tribal life before European contact but tribal art suggests a rich cultural heritage. Gabon's first European visitors were Portuguese traders who arrived in the 15th century and named the country after the Portuguese word gabao- -a coat with sleeve and hood resembling the shape of the Como River estuary. The coast became a center of the slave trade. Dutch British and French traders came in the 16th century. France assumed the status of protector by signing treaties with Gabonese coastal chiefs in 1839 and 1841. American missionaries from New England established a mission at Baraka (Libreville) in 1842. In 1849 the French captured a slave ship and released the passengers at the mouth of the Como River. The slaves named their settlement Libreville meaning "free town." French explorers had penetrated Gabon's dense jungles by 1887. The most famous explorerSavorgnan de Brazzaused Gabonese bearers and guides in his searches for the headwaters of the Congo River. France occupied Gabon in 1885 but did not administer it until 1903. In 1910 Gabon became one of the four territories of French Equatorial Africa a federation that survived until 1959. The territories became independent in 1960 as the Central African Republic Chad Congo (Brazzaville) and Gabon. GOVERNMENT AND POLITICAL CONDITIONS

33. Executive Report On Strategies In Gabon, 2000 Edition - Research And Markets - M on gabon are benchmarked against regional and global averages. In doingso, the reader has a full appreciation of history’s role in shaping gabon’s http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reportinfo.asp?report_id=123651

34. Virtual Tour Of The Mount Airy Museum Of Regional History In North FloridaUS, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, gabon, Gambia, Georga-US,Georgia, Germany, Ghana 2002 - Mount Airy Museum of regional history http://www.northcarolinamuseum.org/requestinfo.asp

35. Background Notes Gabon gabon Subject Military Affairs , Cultural Exchange , Travel , history Using the PDG as a tool to submerge the regional and tribal rivalries that http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/bgnotes/af/gabon9108.html

36. À Notre Sujet / About Us Member States history and Background Objectives Structure Economic In January 2000, gabon hosted a regional peacekeeping exercise “gabon 2000” http://www.ceeac-eccas.org/about/

Histoire et Contexte Buts Structure Profil - PDF ... Logo Langues Officielles: CEMAC MEMBER STATES Angola, Republic of Burundi, Republic of Cameroon, Republic of Central African Republic Chad, Republic of Congo, Democratic Republic of (Kinshasa) Congo, Republic of (Brazzaville) Equatorial Guinea, Republic of Gabon, Republic of Rwanda, Republic of Official Languages: English, French, Portuguese, Spanish. ECCAS has overlapping membership with CEMAC , the Central African Monetary Union, to which Chad, CAR, Congo-Brazzaville, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea and Sao Tome et Principe belong. On 24 January 2003, the European Union concluded a financial agreement with ECCAS and CEMAC, conditional on ECCAS and CEMAC merging into one organization, with ECCAS taking responsibility for the peace and security of the subregion. HISTOIRE ET CONTEXTE CEA (NU) La Le HISTORY AND BACKGROUND ECCAS began functioning in 1985, but was inactive for several years because of financial difficulties (non-payment of membership fees) and the conflict in the Great Lakes area. The war in the DRC was particularly divisive, as Rwanda and Angola fought on opposing sides. ECCAS has been designated a pillar of the African Economic Community (AEC), but formal contact between the AEC and ECCAS was only established in October 1999 due to the inactivity of ECCAS since 1992 (ECCAS signed the

37. Islam In Africa-Chad History Although Chad joined the French colonies of gabon, OubanguiCharo, and Moyen Congo At this point, the civil war had become so widespread that regional http://www.islaminafrica.org/chad-h.htm

History Chad has known human habitation since time immemorial. The oldest humanoid skull yet found in Chad (Borkou) is more than 1 million years old. Because in ancient times the Saharan area was not totally arid, Chad's population was more evenly distributed than it is today. For example, 7,000 years ago, the north central basin, now in the Sahara, was still filled with water, and people lived and farmed around its shores. The cliff paintings in Borkou and Ennedi depict elephants, rhinoceri, giraffes, cattle, and camels; only camels survive there today. The region was known to traders and geographers from the late Middle Ages. Since then, Chad has served as a crossroads for the Muslim peoples of the desert and savanna regions and the animist Bantu tribes of the tropical forests. In 1905, administrative responsibility for Chad was placed under a governor general stationed at Brazzaville in what is now Congo. Although Chad joined the French colonies of Gabon, Oubangui-Charo, and Moyen Congo to form the Federation of French Equatorial Africa (AEF) in 1910, it did not have colonial status until 1920. The northern region of Chad was occupied by the French in 1914. In 1959, the territory of French Equatorial Africa was dissolved, and four statesGabon, the Central African Republic, Congo (Brazzaville), and Chadbecame autonomous members of the French Community. In 1960, Chad became an independent nation under its first president, Francois Tombalbaye.

38. Gabon On The Internet Has full text documents providing a history of the internet in gabon. Also sells continent and regional maps (minerals, oil and gas, geologic, travel, http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/gabon.html

Countries Topics Search the Africa Pages Suggest a Site ... Countries: Gabon See also: Gabon News African Connectivity Data - Gabon Information on the internet, telecom, computerization in Gabon. Maintained by Mike Jensen. http://www2.sn.apc.org/africa/countdet.CFM?countriesISO_Code=GA Afromix.org Includes information on recordings by musicians from Gabon and how to obtain the music. Does not have audio files. A non-commercial site maintained by Fabrice Gaillard, network systems engineer in France. http://www.afromix.org/ Agence de Tourisme Equasud Banque Gabonaise de Développement (Libreville) In French and English. History of the bank, annual report. "Société anonyme d'Intérêt National, créée par la loi N°38/60 du 08 juin 1960, la Banque Gabonaise de Développement (BGD) a repris les activités de la Société Gabonaise de Crédit (CREDIGABON) constituée le 01 juillet 1959; suite à l'éclatement du crédit de l'Afrique Equatorial Française de Développement créé en 1948." http://www.bgd-gabon.com/ BDP-Gabon Nouveau In French. Political movement

39. KU: African And African American Studies AAAS 501 regional history (3) WH of the Equatorial forest andthe Southern Savanna regions of Cameroon, gabon, Congo, Zaire, and Angola. http://www.ku.edu/~afs/courses/undergraduate.shtml

@import url("/~afs/ssi/afsstyle.css"); toggle navigation Home About our Department Chronology ... Other Sites of Interest Search Undergraduate courses Our curriculum is organized to reflect the strengths of our faculty, the languages we offer, and the three main geographical regions that influence our pedagogy. Core courses provide a broad exposure to the cultural and historical foundations, and lead students to a range of subjects, issues, methods, perspectives, and innovations in Africana studies. Our interdisciplinary and cross listed courses allow students to choose and pursue area of concentration, explore a specialized path of inquiry, satisfy a language and a non-western culture requirement, and facilitate double-majoring. Our curriculum attracts students from the College and the Schools of Journalism, Business, Fine Arts, Social Welfare, Education, Architecture and Engineering. AFRICAN AND AFRICAN-AMERICAN STUDIES COURSES AAAS 103 Introduction to Africa (3) WS,SC,NW An introduction to the interdisciplinary study of African cultures and societies focusing on contemporary life on the continent. Topics to be covered include the geography, history, politics and economics of the continent, as well as the religion, languages and literatures, music and the arts. The interdisciplinary perspective will provide students with a sound basis for understanding contemporary African societies. Principal Course. SATISFIES NON-WESTERN CULTURE

40. :: Daneshyar Network :: gabon Country Review. Type, eJournal. Provider, EBSCO. Publisher, CountryWatchIncorporated. Subject, regional Studies, history, Economy, http://www.daneshyar.org/category.php?sh=service&proid=all&serid=0&pid=19521&sor

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