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41. CERES Research School For Resource Studies For Development (www.onderzoekinforma
rights an anthropological approach of indigenous rights and Java and Madura; PenvoerderPeople, poverty and household economics among the gabbra, the Rendille
http://www.niwi.knaw.nl/nl/oi/nod/onderzoeksinstellingen/onderzoekscholen/uu/ORG
Login Nederlands KNAW Onderzoek Informatie NOD - Nederlandse Onderzoek Databank ... Onderzoekscholen UU entire www.onderzoekinformatie.nl site fuzzy match
CERES Research School for Resource Studies for Development
Print View Acroniem CERES Behoort tot Universiteit Utrecht Adres Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS, Utrecht Postadres Postbus 80140, 3508 TC, Utrecht Telefoon Fax Url http://ceres.fss.uu.nl/ E-mailadres ceres@fss.uu.nl Taak CERES is a problem-oriented school in the field of development studies. Its mission consists of three interrelated objectives: 1. To programme and execute research; 2. To offer training facilities for PhD candidates in the context of a well-structured framework; 3. To assist in research capacity building in developing countries. The mission of CERES focuses on resource problematics, in which many development problems either find their origin. Resources are not only natural but also human, including capital and knowledge; in fact, CERES' main thrust is the interaction between human and natural resources. Its core research question focuses on the processes and principles underlying perception, access, control and management of those resources in developing countries, and their implications for development. Its problem orientation indicates a multidisciplinary and comparative approach, using a variety of paradigms and a multilevel methodology, ranging from case studies to global surveys. Aanvulling Constituting partners:
Utrecht University (the administrative hub of the school);

42. Domestication And Commercialization Of Non-timber Forest Products In Agroforestr
The livelihood of the majority of rural people in african drylands depends on In The ecology and management of indigenous forests in southern africa
http://www.fao.org/docrep/w3735e/w3735e12.htm
Utilization of non-timber tree products in dryland areas: examples from southern and eastern Africa Marion Karmann and Ingrid Lorbach
1 I nstitut für Forstbenutzung, Werderring 6, D-79085 Freiburg, Germany
Hinter den Höfen 29, D-37124 Rosdorf, Germany The livelihood of the majority of rural people in African drylands depends on the forests and woodlands as sources of agricultural land, firewood and charcoal, as well as non-timber tree products such as food, fibre and medicines. As the ecological balance in arid and semi-arid environments is delicate, sustainable land-use practices are required if people's basic needs for the future are to be fulfilled. Sustainable utilization of tree and shrub resources, as in agroforestry, is an integral part of this. The main objectives of this paper are to emphasize the variety of non-timber tree and shrub products found in drylands, to describe their utilization and to indicate local people's knowledge. Field research and observations took place in Kenya and Mozambique, where migration and changes in settlement have occurred in recent history. Such migration has brought together varied experiences, and it has also caused changes in traditional woodland utilization. Field experience has been checked with other information from the drylands of southern and eastern Africa, so as to give a broader view of current woodland product resources and their potential in the region.

43. CERES Research School For Resource Studies For Development (www.onderzoekinforma
interfaces between the indigenous peoples and the State of Andhra Pradesh, India A case of community based natural resource management of indigenous
http://www.onderzoekinformatie.nl/en/oi/nod/onderzoeksinstellingen/onderzoekscho
Login English KNAW Research Information NOD - Dutch Research Database ... Alphabetical list of Research schools entire www.onderzoekinformatie.nl site fuzzy match
CERES Research School for Resource Studies for Development
Print View Acronym CERES Is part of Utrecht University Address Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS, Utrecht Postal address Postbus 80140, 3508 TC, Utrecht Telephone Fax Url http://ceres.fss.uu.nl/ Email ceres@fss.uu.nl Assignment CERES is a problem-oriented school in the field of development studies. Its mission consists of three interrelated objectives: 1. To programme and execute research; 2. To offer training facilities for PhD candidates in the context of a well-structured framework; 3. To assist in research capacity building in developing countries. The mission of CERES focuses on resource problematics, in which many development problems either find their origin. Resources are not only natural but also human, including capital and knowledge; in fact, CERES' main thrust is the interaction between human and natural resources. Its core research question focuses on the processes and principles underlying perception, access, control and management of those resources in developing countries, and their implications for development. Its problem orientation indicates a multidisciplinary and comparative approach, using a variety of paradigms and a multilevel methodology, ranging from case studies to global surveys. Persons Current programmes Current projects Completed projects ... Other divisions of Utrecht University may contain researchers / projects etc. as well.

44. Kenya’s People - Traditional Music & Cultures Of Kenya
thus be called Kenya s aboriginal or indigenous people (a somewhat Cushiticspeakingpeoples in Kenya include the Borana, Burji, gabbra, Orma, Rendille and
http://www.bluegecko.org//kenya/contexts/kenyapeople.htm
Kenya - Contexts
Kenya's People See also the separate pages on the Bantu Cushites , and Nilotes . For a more general overview, see and Kenyan religions and beliefs . On the internet, Indigenous Peoples In Kenya - An Overview , by Dr. Naomi Kipury, is an intelligent and perceptive view of the problematic concept of 'indigenous' in Kenya, with particular reference to nomadic and semi-nomadic peoples.
In this page:
The major ethno-linguistic groups

The Hunter-gatherers

The Cushites

The Nilotes
...
A note about the word 'tribe'

This page is part of Jens Finke's Traditional Music and Cultures of Kenya . If you can't see a map on the left of the screen, click here to access the rest of the site.
The Major Ethno-linguistic Groups
Mwana ti wa muciari umwe -
A child does not belong to one parent
Embu proverb
Although little is known of the prehistory of the peoples currently inhabiting Kenya, it is believed that the land has been more or less continuously inhabited since the birth of mankind, something like 4.5 million years ago, as the numerous fossil finds around the edges of Lake Turkana, up in the far north of the country, elegantly testify. These discoveries of early hominids have earned Lake Turkana the sobriquet, 'The Cradle of Mankind', although still older finds were subsequently made in Ethiopia, to the north. Of Kenya's present-day tribes (the number depends on how you count them; 42 were named in the 1989 census, and one source mentions 45 distinct languages as opposed to dialects), some have been there for over a thousand years, perhaps much more; while others only arrived fifty years ago. Their size varies greatly: some number barely a few hundred people and are on the brink of extinction, whilst others number several million, and constitute the country's economic and political elite. Each have their own languages as well as numerous dialects, and traditionally also had their own religions, customs, rituals and ways of life, many of which have been broken down by the modernization which swept through the twentieth century.

45. Majestas: August 1999
The history of Pentecostalism so strong among African and Caribbean For some, it meant the liberation of indigenous peoples, such as we have seen in
http://www.ely.anglican.org/parishes/camgsm/Majestas/1999/August.html
Majestas: August 1999
In this issue
  • A Challenge of Faith
  • Prima Vox
  • News
    • Choir News ...
      A Challenge of Faith
      by Cathy Michell For further information about the Cambridge Inter Faith Group and its programme please contact Mrs Cathy Michell, the author of this article. She is Head of Religious Studies at Hills Road Sixth Form College and also a Methodist Local Preacher. Cathy can be contacted at Tel. 01223 367885 or Fax. 01223 513315 or at work. It is most especially this undeniable presence of religious diversity which motivates the task of inter-faith dialogue and which led to the setting-up of the Inter Faith Network for the UK. The Cambridge Inter Faith Group, meeting monthly at Wesley Church, is a member organisation of this national body. So what is inter-faith dialogue? Put very simply there are two basic approaches which may be adopted by religious people in their relationships with each other, either individually or communally. The first is an exclusivism which effectively shuts the door to neighbourly contact. This is a sectarian reaction. It may be held through fear of the strange or, for example, be the position of those who are convinced that, since their own beliefs and practices alone enshrine the Truth, there is no need to listen to or learn from other religious traditions. In this case contact, if it happens at all, may be limited to the attempt to convert their adherents from error. The alternative to such a closed solution is characterised not simply by a passive tolerance of others' beliefs or ways of living, but by an active attempt both to be in contact with people of other religions and to begin and sustain dialogue with them.

46. D. Formenti's Links: AFRICA-KENYA
african indigenous Science and Knowledge Systems World Bank subsaharan africa EASD Empowerment FAO People s Participation Programme (PPP) experience
http://www.unipv.it/webbio/dfafrica.htm
D. Formenti's links: AFRICA-KENYA Dip.Biologia Animale , Pavia, IT other dba links africa eradicating fgm kenya ... kenya/turkana_news- Last updated: 18-Apr-05( 1934 days since 1-1-2000 and 1204 days since euro is in our pockets) by
Daniele Formenti
Dip.Biologia Animale Univ.Pavia
As internet too evolves, some links can be no more available ... Many recent links still out of order are in New links page
OTHER DBA LINKS Top (ics) World development links Biological links Anthropological links Primatological links ... ETDP page
AFRICA Top (ics) UNU Internet Resources on Africa links *** African Studies Links U.Penn. *** An A-Z of African Studies on the Internet *** African Related Resources U.Penn. ...
Top
(ics) Famafrique site African women's page (C.Bradley) African Women Global Network (AWOGNet) African Women's Media Center (AWMC) ... AWMC Resources for African Women Journalists
ERADICATING FGM Top (ics) Harmful Health Practices Projects against FGM WHO against FGM female genital mutilation (FGM) ...
Top
(ics) Economic and Social Situation in Africa 1995 African Economy in 1994 and Prospects for 1995 African Technology Forum Food Security and Food Self Sufficiency in Africa ...
Top
(ics) AfroImplement WEB page (african health org) HIV/AIDS and the nutrition rights of infants UNAIDS University of Zambia Medical Library ... (FHI) Impact on HIV; Linking Care and Prevention

47. The Borana People Of Kenya
This is in contrast with the gabbra who weave mats to cover the framework. Yet an indigenous church exists and probably with adequate support and
http://strategyleader.org/profiles/borana.html
SLRK Profiles Menu Strategy Leader Resource Kit Home People Profile
The Borana of Kenya Religion
: Islam and Local Tradition
Population
Status
: 10% Christian NARRATIVE PROFILE Location : The Borana are part of a very much larger group of about 4 to 5 million persons of whom approximately 90,000 live in north central Kenya with the balance in Ethiopia. They are related to the Oromo in Somalia also. They live in a large area of barren northern Kenya. About 44% of the Kenya Borana live in Marsabit District, into Tana River District, Garissa District and in Moyale District. The heaviest concentration live in the Sololo area of Marsabit District and in Moyale District. Those in Isiolo District are concentrated in Merti and Garba Tula. History: The Borana are one of the resulting groups of Oromo migrants who left the southern highlands of Ethiopia in the 1500's. Most of the Borana and related peoples live in Ethiopia. The Oromo had migrated east but were pushed back by the Somali leading to a greater southern expansion. There are almost 4 million Borana people, most living in Ethiopia. Identity: The word spelled Borana is pronounced with the final vowel silent. It refers to the people or their language and also means friend or kind person. Thus, a bad person may be told he is not Borana.

48. Blackwing Safaris: Kenya Itineraries
The Boran, gabbra and Rendille peoples carry on in their ageold ways in an extremely Here is African wildlife at its best and is a MUST for any safari.
http://www.kilimanjaro.com/safaris/blackwin/kenya.htm
Kenya Safari Itineraries
Blackwing Safaris
Blackwing is a small company specializing in personalized safaris at an affordable cost. All safaris are personally guided by the owner David Mascall and take a maximum of 3 persons. For details on cost, transport, accomodation, etc., please refer to Blackwing's page The following are suggestions for Kenya safari itineraries. It must be emphasised that the following itineraries only show some of the possibilities, and customised trips can easily be arranged. For those with very limited time (5 or 6 days), some of the legs (A and D) can be taken on their own, but they are designed so that they can be taken in series, with the Wildlife Safari (legs AD) taking 11 days or so (more days can easily be added if required), and the Complete Safari (legs ABCD) taking a minimum of 21 days. The legs are tried and tested and include the best wildlife areas, show the most unspoilt country with spectacular scenary, and we visit the indigenous nomads who have been virtually uninfluenced by the West. There are marvelous opportunities for photography at close quarters... or simply enjoy! All trips are very personal - I meet all of you at the airport and drive you in a reliable 4-wheel drive safari vehicle. We mostly camp in my own private fully equipped camp sites with my trained staff (but on occasion we stay in a rest-house or lodge). From these we take game-watching or other forays, returning for hot showers at noon, and later sundowners and yarns round the campfire followed by a full three-course dinner.

49. Kenya Travel And Tour Guide, Kenya Culture
Some people lament the gradual change in lifestyles, and loss of many customs The Maasai and Northern tribes including the Turkana, gabbra, Rendille,
http://www.onlytours.com/destinations/africa/kenya/culture.htm
Modern Culture Kenyan Modern Culture was born of myriad sources and influences both new and old. Despite the many and varied influences that have shaped Kenyan society, the culture in Kenya has become truly and purely Kenyan. If any one thing of Kenya speaks of this unique character, it is the modern melding of traditional societies and culture. In Kenya it is possible to leave Nairobi, a city with a thriving business heart powered by the latest information technology, and drive in just a few hours to a place where life is lived in accordance to tradition and custom, where warriors armed with spears drive cattle into thorn brush enclosures to protect them from lions at night. In Kenya the modern and the traditional live side by side, and at times the lines blur. For many visitors to Kenya, this is evident within minutes of arrival. Among the busy urban traffic, the median strips of fresh grass along the airport road are a popular place for Maasai herdsmen to graze their cattle. Some people lament the gradual change in lifestyles, and loss of many customs and traditions in deference to modern life and values.

50. Netherlands Foundation For The Advancement Of Tropical Research (www.onderzoekin
The lords of Quauhquecholan indigenous historiography of constraints of strengtheninglocal people s social security economics among the gabbra, the Rendille
http://www.niwi.nl/en/oi/nod/organisatie/ORG1237022/toon
Login English KNAW Research Information NOD - Dutch Research Database ... Organisation entire www.onderzoekinformatie.nl site fuzzy match
Netherlands Foundation for the Advancement of Tropical Research
Print View Acronym NWO-WOTRO Is part of Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research Address Laan van Nieuw Oost Indi« 300, 2593 CE, Den Haag Postal address Postbus 93120, 2509 AC, Den Haag Telephone Fax Url http://www.nwo.nl/wotro Email wotro@nwo.nl Assignment Advancement and coordination of Dutch pure and applied scientific tropical research. Subsidies are meant for graduate students in the Netherlands, and those of Netherlands nationality in other countries, for carrying out of tropical research projects in institutes, laboratories and in the field Persons Current projects Completed projects Other divisions of Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research may contain researchers / projects etc. as well.
Persons Relation to current research projects
(the most recent research is placed on top)
  • Financier: Contamination pathways of Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli in Bangladesh Financier: Knowledge production and exchange in land resettlement areas in Zimbabwe Financier: On the slopes of volcanic hazards in the Philippines: a study ofdisaster and social-cultural change among the local communities of MountPinatubo and Mount Mayon Financier: Food insecurity and vulerability: the long term effects of ecological and political stress in the Sahel. The case of the Guera in central Chad
  • 51. Update Economic Incentives Among Patoralists In Kenya
    to the very little control over indigenous populations It is aimed at helping theGabbra people – one of ecouncil.ac.cr/rio/national/reports/africa/kenya.htm;
    http://biodiversityeconomics.org/incentives/topics-303-32.htm

    52. Information Resources On Old World Camels Arabian And Bactrian
    in the lives of the nomadic people are also Q. Genetic diversity and relationshipsof indigenous Kenyan camel Kenyan breeds, Somali, the gabbra, Rendille and
    http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/pubs/camels.htm

    53. Chapter12
    In Conservation in africa People, policies and practice, eds. indigenous landrights in SubSaharan africa Appropriation, security and investment
    http://www.ilri.cgiar.org/InfoServ/Webpub/Fulldocs/PropertyRights/Chapter12.htm
    9 The dynamics of land use and property rights in semi-arid East Africa
    Brent Swallow and Abdul B. Kamara
    Review of literature on property-rights and land-use change in East Africa Endogenous local commons State-sponsored local commons State-supported individualization ... Bibliography Land-use and property-rights systems in Africa are expected to evolve along two main pathways during the coming decades. In the subhumid and wetter semi-arid areas, crop and livestock enterprises are expected to become more integrated. Crop residues will generate more feed for livestock, and livestock will provide more traction power and nutrients for crops. It is expected that privatization of property rights to both agricultural and grazing lands will increase and that land will be more easily exchanged. In the arid areas, mobile livestock-production is expected to remain the dominant land use, with cultivation only increasing in the few areas that are favored with fertile soils and good supplies of groundwater. Property rights are expected to change gradually, with more exclusive property rights emerging in some dry-season grazing areas (McIntire, Bourzat, and Pingali 1992; Winrock International 1992). The objective of this chapter is to enhance understanding of the dynamic processes that are shaping property rights and land use in the transition zone in East Africa. Particular attention is given to a rapidly changing situation in southern Ethiopia. The section following this introduction reviews past studies of changes in property rights and land use in East Africa. The next section contains a review of the theoretical literature on property-rights change. A conceptual framework is presented in the fourth section, which offers a better understanding of the processes of property-rights and land-use change in semi-arid East Africa. In the penultimate section, the conceptual framework is used to frame an in-depth study of property rights and land use change in the Borana Plateau of Southern Ethiopia. The closing section consists of a discussion and conclusions.

    54. Chapter18
    An estimated 25 million people in SubSaharan africa derive their livelihood directly Do indigenous tenure systems constrain agricultural development?
    http://www.ilri.cgiar.org/InfoServ/Webpub/Fulldocs/PropertyRights/Chapter18.htm
    15 Ethiopian case study
    Abdul B. Kamara
    Ethiopia: Economic and policy issues Background and objectives Conceptual issues and hypotheses The Borana plateau ... References as they underestimated the production potential of traditional systems and misconstrued the production rationale of the traditional pastoralists. Relics of such interventions in the form of defunct ranches, among others, are still evident in Tanzania and southern Ethiopia today. 1 For further reading, see for example Ellis 1991; Winrock International 1992. As a consequence, pastoralism, which was once capable of maintaining the sensitive balance between grazing land, water, livestock numbers, and the environment, is gradually breaking down in most parts of the region. This has created a need for reorientation in planning and implementing development projects and research priorities for pastoral systems. Realization is growing that pastoralists are also experts, at least in their own way, in living and surviving in their marginal and risky environments; and that priority should first be given to understanding pastoral systems from the perspective of management institutions and property rights under which resources are managed (Hogg 1997; Kituyi and Kipuri 1991; Helland 1997).
    Ethiopia: Economic and policy issues
    AGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK, AND THE ECONOMY. Ethiopia is situated in northeastern Africa and has an area of 1,223 million square kilometers and a population of about 60 million people, with an estimated mean density of 49 people per square kilometer. It is the second most populous country in Sub-Saharan Africa, with a population growth rate of more than 3 percent per year, which is higher than the growth rate in the agricultural sector. It is estimated that the population will have exceeded 67 million by the turn of the century (FAO 1996).

    55. Rutgers Anthropology Graduate Students' Research Interests
    Environmental anthropology, political ecology, indigenous rights, and environmentaljustice. My research area is East africa, specifically during the
    http://anthro.rutgers.edu/grad/studentresearch.shtml
    Department of
    Anthropology
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    Places Events Search: Rutgers INFOdex Rutgers Websites Dept. of Anthropology Ruth Adams Building 131 George Street Rutgers University New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1414 Phone: (732) 932-9886 Fax: (732) 932-1564 Website manager: Laura M. Ahearn ahearn@rci.rutgers.edu Send general inquiries to: anthro@rci.rutgers.edu Web Design by www.leoraw.com Home Undergrad Graduate ... Faculty
    Graduate Students' Research Interests
    Sharon Baskind Environmental anthropology, political ecology, indigenous rights, and environmental justice. Chelsea L. Booth Nepal and Northern India (Darjeeling), language, code-switching, language ideologies, colonial labor recruitment policies, language politics, migration. David Braun I am conducting dissertation fieldwork in Kenya supported by a Fulbright-Hays grant, investigating the ecology of Oldowan lithic technology at sites in northern (Koobi Fora) and western (Kanjera) Kenya. My main interest is the evolutionary pressures on human technology in the Pliocene and Pleistocene. Side interests include Middle Paleolithic (southwest Asia) and Late Stone Age (Kenya) lithic technology. My graduate research is also funded by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship and I was a Fulbright-IIE fellow in Kenya from 1998- 1999. Christopher J Campisano The refined environmental context of hominin evolution at Hadar, Ethiopia.

    56. Hot Springs & Geysers
    the Turkana, the Pokot, the gabbra and the and spectacular landscape, meeting indigenouspeoples and viewing the wildlife during your tour in eastern africa.
    http://www.anthrosafaris.com/menu8b.htm
    Hot Springs and Geysers
    Both the eastern and western Rift Valleys are home to virtually all the lakes in the region, the exceptions being Lakes Victoria , which is shared by Kenya Tanzania and Uganda , and Lake Kyoga in Uganda . Beginning from the south, the eastern Rift Valley is home to Lake Manyara and Lake Natron in Tanzania; Lake Magadi, Lake Naivasha, Lake Elmentaita, Lake Nakuru, Lake Bogoria, Lake Baringo and Lake Turkana (the legendary Jade Sea, which is also the largest desert lake in the world) in Kenya. In Ethiopia the Rift Valley lakes include Stephanie, Chamo, Abaya, Awasa, Shala, Langano, Abiyata and Ziway. On the other hand, the western Rift Valley is home to Lake Tanganyika Lake Kivu Lake Edward Lake George and Lake Mobutu . Some of these lakes, notably, Lake Bogoria Lake Bogoria National Reserve ), are located in picturesque steep valleys, while others like Lake Nakuru Lake Nakuru National Park ) are wildlife and birdlife sanctuaries. In general, the water in the lakes is alkaline because it absorbs minerals from the surrounding volcanic rocks. Since the lakes generally lack outlets, water loss from the lakes is mainly through evaporation, which leaves behind a large accumulation of minerals. This, in turn, provides ideal conditions for growth of algae and fish, which sustain the large flamingo population as well as other birds flocking in the lakes.

    57. MissionReview.com
    groups who do not have an indigenous church of the challenge of the Nubi, their adoptedpeople group. three large Muslim groups the Borana, Bajun and gabbra.
    http://www.missionreview.com/index.php?loc=kb&view=v&id=6796&fto=544&

    58. Anthro-l: September-1994 By Thread
    Re indigenous folks protect environment? Matthew McGuire Janet Gillis;Information Request gabbra Douglas Raybeck; attn linda white (seattle) (no
    http://www.anatomy.usyd.edu.au/danny/anthropology/anthro-l/archive/september-199
    anthro-l: september-1994 by thread
    Starting: Thu Sep 01 1994 - 02:42:22 EST
    Ending: Fri Sep 30 1994 - 23:41:43 EST
    Messages:

    59. Anthro-l: September-1994 By Date
    indigenous people and the environment (fwd) Elaine Winters; subscribe boves@KENYON . Janet Gillis; Information Request gabbra Douglas Raybeck
    http://www.anatomy.usyd.edu.au/danny/anthropology/anthro-l/archive/september-199
    anthro-l: september-1994 by date
    Starting: Thu Sep 01 1994 - 02:42:22 EST
    Ending: Fri Sep 30 1994 - 23:41:43 EST
    Messages:

    60. SFB 586, B6 · Orientation In, Perception And Utilisation Of Space On The Edge O
    Ritual topography and ecological use The gabbra of the Kenyan/Ethiopian borderlands . In Nomadic peoples (NS) vol 6,2 (2002), 51–71.
    http://www.nomadsed.de/projects/en_b6_welcome.html
    Orientation in, perception and utilisation of space on the edge of the Arctic: Nomads and Sedentary people in Northwest Siberia.
    Project B6
    Director schlee@eth.mpg.de
    Researcher Dr. Florian Stammler fms36@cam.ac.uk
    Address Scott Polar Research Institute ethnologische Forschung University of Cambridge Advokatenweg 36 Lensfield Road 06114 Halle Cambridge CB2 1ER Tel. +49 345 / 2927100 Tel. +44 1223 336566 Fax +49 345 / 2927102 Fax +44 1223 336549
    Programme
    Subject of this research is the perception of and orientation in space among different users of the tundra in Siberia, such as reindeer herders fishermen traders administrators or industrial workers . These groups of actors differ in terms of their way of life, notably they are either sedentary, nomadic or both. Since they use the tundra in different ways, they have varying interests in this space.
    The geographical focus of this research is in the Russian North, to the immediate east and west of the Polar Ural Mountains ( map ). This is the area of Nenets (earlier: Samoyed) reindeer nomads. After the fall of the Soviet Union, they find themselves increasingly confronted with the sedentary world. Their tundra has become of vital interest because of big oil and gas reserves under the reindeer pastures and in the fishing waters of the Nentsy. The nomadic perception of this space, however, centres on the complex interrelation between the components "pasture", "hunting grounds", "migration routes" and "sacred sites".

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