61. A BRIEF SURVEY OF FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES This is the first real functional programming language. See McCarthy s ownHistory of Lisp. There have been many dialects of LISP over the years. http://www.idt.mdh.se/kurser/cd5100/ht02/history.html

Latest update August 13, 2002 To avoid spam, all mail addresses on this page have the ""@ replaced by "#". A Brief Survey of Functional Programming Languages : we make no claims whatever that this page is complete or even correct in all regards. It is simply a compilation of notes, links, and other information that I have gathered, for the purpose of providing my functional programming students with some historical context. Please mail reports on any bugs you find! Theoretical roots Functional programming draws heavily from the Lambda Calculus. The Lambda Calculus is really a branch of logic, developed in the 20's and 30's. It was developed by logicians who wanted to explore how to define functions formally and how to use this formalism as a foundation for mathematics. The Lambda Calculus is an extremely simple formal language of functions. It is surprisingly powerful - much of mathematics can be defined in it! The first developments were by Schönfinkel (1924), and Curry (1930): they defined a variation called combinatory logic. Church (1932/1933) then defined the first version of the actual Lambda Calculus. These early logicians had no intention to define any programming languages. (There weren't even any computers then!) Some Historical and Current Functional Languages Much later, functional programming was invented. McCarthy defined the first versions of LISP around 1960. This is the first "real" functional programming language. See McCarthy's own

62. Advanced Functional Languages One reason is that languages in this class are powerful programming tools for This book really teaches functional programming using Haskell rather than http://www.idt.mdh.se/phd/courses/haskell/

Latest update Sep 7, 2000 To avoid spam, all mail addresses on this page have the ""@ replaced by "#". Advanced Functional Languages Fall 2000 (and onwards) Introduction Advanced Functional Languages is a 5 cu Ph.D. level course at the Dept. of Computer Engineering (IDt) Mälardalen University . The course leader is Björn Lisper , e-mail bjorn.lisper#mdh.se , phone 021-151709. The topic of this course is, more concretely, Haskell . This is a purely functional language with such features as higher order functions, lazy evaluation, an advanced type system, and features to include state and explicit sequencing without violating the pure functional semantics. Motivation Why do I bother to give a course on this topic? One reason is that languages in this class are powerful programming tools for applications which include symbolic computing and require elaborate, dynamic data structures: examples are compilers and program analysis tools. Another reason is that functional programs expose all the inherent parallelism in the implemented algorithm: thus, they are good for specifying computational tasks which may be implemented with a certain degree of parallelism. A third reason is their

63. Functional Languages ( Functional Programming And Functional Programming Languag Read a description of functional languages. This is also known as functionalprogramming and functional programming languages. Free detailed reports on http://www.bitpipe.com/tlist/Functional-Languages.html

IT Information: White Papers, Product Literature, Webcasts and Case Studies FREE MEMBERSHIP - Create your personalized Bitpipe Service! Members: Sign in Sep 21, 2005 Free Newsletters Most Popular Reports Top Topics Research Guides Site Map About Us Search Bitpipe: Search Help Advanced Search My Searches Browse Bitpipe Dictionary: A B C D ... Programming Languages Functional Languages Languages that support functional programming. Functional Programming is a style of programming that emphasizes the evaluation of expressions, rather than execution of commands. Also called: Functional Programming and Functional Programming Languages Recent Vendor Reports on Functional Languages There are currently no vendor reports available on this specific topic. Click on the links to the right to find reports on related topics. Recent Functional Languages Products There are currently no products available on this specific topic. Click on the links to the right to find products on related topics. Related Topics Functional Databases More Specific Topics Erlang Hope Home About Us ... Partner with Us Definition: A B C D ... Other What's Popular?

64. A Brief History Of Functional Programming Modern functional languages such as ML, Miranda and Haskell have more advanced In Richard L. Wexelblat, editor, History of programming languages http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~gtan/historyOfFP/historyOfFP.html

65. Russ's Programming Language Notes I d like to learn a functional programming language; I have some small experiencewith ML and rather liked the language, plus functional languages are a http://www.eyrie.org/~eagle/notes/languages/

Perl Signature Quine Russ Allbery Technical Notes XEmacs and Movable Type Notes on Programming Languages The most important thing in the programming language is the name. A language will not succeed without a good name. I have recently invented a very good name and now I am looking for a suitable language. Donald Knuth Around the beginning of April, 2001, I decided that I'd gone too long without learning a new programming language. I'd been using very little other than Perl and C for quite some time, and while I'm fairly fond of both of those languages, there were ways of thinking about writing programs that I'd never been exposed to and that I was curious about. These are my notes on the topic. For some context for what follows, you may want to read my programming background . One's opinion on languages is strongly influenced by one's background, in my opinion. I started exploring by poking into comp.lang.lisp , and then starting to read comp.lang.functional (I've since fallen back out of the latter, but am still reading the former). At the same time, I started looking at Python, which had been on my list to look at for quite a while, and building a short list of additional languages I wanted to look at. So far, I've started on the following languages:

66. Functional Programming -- Facts, Info, And Encyclopedia Article The first computerbased functional programming language was (Click link for more Furthermore, functional programming languages are likely to enforce http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/f/fu/functional_programming.htm

Functional programming [Categories: Functional programming, Programming paradigms] Functional programming is a (Click link for more info and facts about programming paradigm) programming paradigm that treats (Problem solving that involves numbers or quantities) computation as the evaluation of (A mathematical relation such that each element of one set is associated with at least one element of another set) mathematical functions In contrast to (Click link for more info and facts about procedural) procedural (Click link for more info and facts about imperative programming) imperative programming , functional programming emphasizes the evaluation of functional expressions, rather than execution of commands. The expressions in these languages are formed by using (A mathematical relation such that each element of one set is associated with at least one element of another set) functions to combine basic values. Introduction (A mathematical relation such that each element of one set is associated with at least one element of another set) Mathematical functions have great strengths in terms of flexibility and analysis. For example, if a function is known to be

67. CHARMING PYTHON 13 (20000155) Functional Programming In Python Notice, however, that Python (unlike many functional languages) does not- much easier to get a grasp of functional programming via the language Haskell http://gnosis.cx/publish/programming/charming_python_13.txt

if : break else: if : return 1 else: return while_FP = lambda: (

68. Functional Programming Context, Classification of programming languages Distinctive Features of Functionalprogramming languages. The Lambda Calculus and Combinators http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/teaching/syllabus/ug/3c11.htm

STUDENTS Functional Programming Note: Whilst every effort is made to keep the syllabus and assessment records correct for this course, the precise details must be checked with the lecturer(s). Code: 3C11 (Also taught as: D16) Year: Prerequisites: Successful completion of 1st and 2nd year core Computer Science courses Term: Taught By: Chris Clack (100%) Aims: This course introduces the functional programming paradigm and the implementation technology for functional programming languages. It aims to develop a broad understanding of the benefits of the functional programming style, together with an understanding of implementation issues that are relevant not only to functional languages but also to other systems that require automatic dynamic memory management. Learning Outcomes: To be able to: understand the basics of the lambda calculus and combinators and how they are used in the implementation of functional languages; understand the main features of a modern lazy functional language; write non-trivial functional programs; understand the computation, synchronisation and memory management issues affecting the sequential and parallel implementation of lazy functional languages; read and understand the research and technical literature on functional programming. Content: Context Classification of Programming Languages Distinctive Features of Functional Programming Languages The Lambda Calculus and Combinators Versions of the Lambda Calculus - syntax and semantics Reduction orders, strong normalisation

69. Launchbury: Functional Programming In lazy functional languages, bottom is typically an element of every type. John Launchbury and Simon Peyton Jones, Proc ACM programming languages http://www.cse.ogi.edu/~jl/biblio-functional.html

Bibliography: Functional Programming Monadic State: Axiomatization and Type Safety John Launchbury and Amr Sabry, Submitted to ICFP 97. Type safety of imperative programs is an area fraught with difficulty and requiring great care. The ML solution to the problem, originally involving imperative type variables, has recently been simplified to the syntactic-value restriction. In Haskell, the problem is addressed in a rather different way using explicit monadic state. We present an operational semantics for state in Haskell and the first full proof of type safety. We demonstrate that the semantic notion of value provided by the explicit monadic types is sufficient to avoid any problems with generalization. Parametricity and Unboxing with Unpointed Types John Launchbury and Ross Paterson, Proc European Symposium on Programming, Linkoping, 1996. In lazy functional languages, bottom is typically an element of every type. While such "pointedness" provides great flexibility, it also comes at a cost. In this paper we explore the consequences of allowing unpointed types in a lazy functional language like Haskell. We use the type (and class) system to keep track of pointedness (and hence recursion also), and show the consequences for parametricity and for controlling evaluation order and unboxing. Warm Fusion: Deriving Build-Catas from Recursive Definitions John Launchbury and Tim Sheard, Proc ACM Functional Programming and Computer Architecture, 1995.

70. ACCU Reviews: Haskell: The Craft Of Functional Programming 2ed This no more works for programming languages than it does for natural ones.functional programming languages are very popular with Computer Science http://www.accu.org/bookreviews/public/reviews/h/h003363.htm

Home Page Reviews Main Book Review Haskell: The Craft of Functional Programming 2ed by Simon Thompson ISBN: Publisher: Addison-Wesley Pages: Price: Categories: functional programming Reviewed by Francis Glassborow in C Vu 15-2 (Apr 2003) Many of us old hands learnt our programming by experience. The younger generations have, in theory, the good fortune to have been taught programming. Those that have gone to universities and colleges with high quality Computer Science Departments will have been taught a wide range of programming with several different programming languages. Unfortunately many will have attended courses where lecturers have little grasp of the way that languages differ and teach all programming languages as if they were just variations on a theme. This no more works for programming languages than it does for natural ones. Functional programming languages are very popular with Computer Science Departments that have developed as an offshoot from Mathematics Departments. However they are often completely ignored by other Computer Science Departments. I am sure that this is, at least in part, brought about by a fundamental lack of understanding as to what these languages are. Some of you may be thinking that languages such as C and C++ must be functional languages because they rely heavily on calling functions. When you hear someone talk about procedural languages you jump to the conclusion that those must be languages like Pascal that have procedures. This is the typical kind of confusion that arises out of the way computing creates its own jargon.

71. Functional Programming IL I thought Backus s point was that through functional language design I d say functional programming is a style that you can have in many languages, http://wiki.tcl.tk/9546

Functional Programming (short 'FP') A programming model, compare imperative programming - the one which Tcl and most other languages use. (*) In functional programming rather than presenting a program as a series of steps, it's represented with interdependent math-style functions, where you set one value, say, a variable, and all the contingent values snap into place, like a spreadsheet. Programs are viewed as descriptions of problems rather than instructions. RS : I'd say that Tcl is often used imperatively, but at bare-bones it's fully functional - just by the fact that every command returns a result - take it or leave it... Since explicit sequential execution isn't provided, branching structures like loops don't exist, so the favored method for, say, repeating an action is recursion . Languages written in this paradigm tend to be fairly slow compared to imperative ones, since the actual underlying machine code of computers is much more step-by-step and there's a big loss in the translation. IL : I thought Backus's point was that through functional language design you highly optimize in a way imperative langauges can't?

72. Dictionary Of Programming Languages Haskell is a nonstrict purely functional language, usually interpreted, designedby representatives of the functional programming community. http://cgibin.erols.com/ziring/cgi-bin/cep/cep.pl?_alpha=h

73. Functional Programming Introduction to functional programming 1.1. functional languages as programminglanguages The implementation of functional programming languages. http://www.dsic.upv.es/asignaturas/facultad/prg/prf-e.html

Functional Programming Name: Functional Programming Area: Speciality: Software Semester: Code: PFU Credits: 6 (3 Theory + 3 Laboratory) Teachers: Salvador Lucas Recommended prerequisites: PRD Objectives Functional languages are one of the most important declarative languages. Functional languages provide the means for solving real problems by means of small, concise programs: (algebraic) polymorphic types that permit the definition of a variety of (generic) data structures; higher order functions , i.e., functions accepting functions as arguments and returning other functions as the result of the computation; lazy evaluation techniques that permit dealing with infinite data structures; a simple computational model based on the notions of reduction and evaluation , etc. Moreover, well established methods for proving properties of functional programs (correctness, efficiency, run-time behavior, etc.) are also available. This is important for reasoning about programs and implementing functional languages. Most functional languages share a common core of concepts and techniques which are well established. In this course, we study the foundations of functional programming languages and their use in programming and implementation of such languages.

74. Free2Code - Forums - Functional Languages - Functional Programming Free2Code » Forums » functional languages » functional programming CAML Subject functional programming - CAML Light · Posted Feb 21 2005, 1046 AM http://www.free2code.net/plugins/forums/view.php?f=44&p=46941&go=latestpost

75. Parallel, Concurrent, And Distributed Programming Parallel Implementations of functional programming languages . Intl. Conf.on functional programming languages and Computer Architecture (FPCA 87). http://haskell.readscheme.org/para_conc.html

Parallel, Concurrent, and Distributed Programming Manuel M. T. Chakravarty. "Take: A Distributed Testing Harness in Haskell". Available online: ps Manuel M. T. Chakravarty. "A Mobile Functional Object Code". Implementation of Functional Languages, 10th International Workshop (IFL'98) . 1998. Available online: ps Manuel M. T. Chakravarty, Yike Guo, and Martin Köhler. "Distributed Haskell: Goffin on the Internet". Third Fuji International Symposium on Functional and Logic Programming . 1998. Available online: ps Manuel M. T. Chakravarty, Yike Guo, Martin Köhler, and Hendrik C. R. Lock. "Goffin: Higher-Order Functions Meet Concurrent Constraints". Science of Computer Programming . 30. 1-2. 1998. Available online: ps Manuel M. T. Chakravarty, Gabriele Keller, Roman Lechtchinsky, and Wolf Pfannenstiel. "Nepal Nested Data-Parallelism in Haskell". Euro-Par 2001: Parallel Processing . LNCS 2150. 2001. Available online: ps Manuel M. T. Chakravarty. "Lazy Thread and Task Creation in Parallel Graph-Reduction". Implementation of Functional Languages, 9th International Workshop (IFL'97) . LNCS 1467. 1998. Available online: ps Manuel M. T. Chakravarty. "Integrating Multithreading into the Spineless Tagless G-machine".

76. PO - Languages Erlang Erlang is a concurrent functional programming language Hope - Hopeis a small functional programming language, with polymorphic typing, http://users.utu.fi/sisasa/oasis/oasis-lang.html

Main page Search What's new Non-frame version ... Mail to author Languages and program development environments Last updated: July 30. 1997 Jump >> Most popular languages Languages from A to Z Language research Misc topics Most popular languages C/C++ Delphi Pascal Perl ... Eiffel Languages from A to Z Ada Object-Oriented general purpose, standardized language Agora Prototype-based Object-Oriented language family ALF ALF is a language which combines functional and logic programming techniques APL APL is a programming language best known for its use of non-ASCII symbols, including a few Greek letters April April is a programming language specifically designed for building MAS(which execute) over the Internet. MAS=Multi Agent System. Assembly Only for brave individuals Awk awk interprets a special-purpose language that makes it possible to handle simple data-reformatting jobs easily BABEL BABEL is a functional logic language whose operational semantics is based on lazy narrowing and provides some higher-order features Basic Beginner's All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code Beta BETA is a modern object-oriented language with comprehensive facilities for procedural and functional programming Blue Blue is an object-oriented programming language that was developed especially for teaching.

77. Imperative Versus Functional Languages (from Computer Science) --  Encyclopædi Other languages are functional, in the sense that programming is done by calling (ie,invoking) functions or procedures, which are sections of code executed http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?tocId=168856

78. Functional Programming Research At Glasgow High level programming languages require powerful compilers in order to functional languages such as Standard ML and Haskell use a polymorphic type http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/fp/research.html

Functional Programming Research at Glasgow This is a summary of the research themes supported by the Glasgow Functional Programming Group Haskell Language and Implementation State, input/output, and concurrency Semantics Based Program Manipulation ... Large Applications of Functional Languages Haskell Language and Implementation C. V. Hall, K. Hammond, J. Launchbury, W. Partain, S.L. Peyton Jones, P. L. Wadler, A. Gill, S. Marlow, A. Santos and P. Sansom Glasgow has been heavily involved in the design and implementation of the new common functional programming language Haskell. This work has several complementary goals: (a) to produce a useful compiler, so that people can use Haskell for real applications, and so that we can use their feedback to guide our research priorities; and (b) to provide a realistic setting within which to study design and implementation choices. We have built a highly portable compiler for Haskell , written in Haskell itself, and generating C as its object code. The compiler is freely available, and designed to act as a "motherboard" for other language implementors as well as a tool for programmers. The compiler lays particular stress on program transformation as a program optimisation technique. This framework captures many classical optimisations, such as common sub-expression elimination, loop-invariant hoisting, procedure inlining, constant folding, function specialisation, and so on. We have developed a formal framework which allows optimisations previously embedded in the code generator to be exposed to the transformation system.

79. Parallel Programming Using Functional Languages - Roe (ResearchIndex) Simulation Debugging Summary Conclusions Further work Expressing parallelism andparallel algorithms Parallelism control Performance Conclusions A parallel http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/roe91parallel.html

80. Programming Languages Glossary FP 1 functional programming languages based on ?-calculus. FP 2- programmingwith (functional) combinators, J.Backus. frame activation record. http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~lloyd/tildeProgLang/Glossary/

Programming Languages Glossary LA home Prog'Langs glossary . :see cons. : :1- has type. : :2- infix cons (Haskell). :: :see cons. ::= :rule definition in formal grammar. := :assignment operator, x:=e. = :1- mathematical identity, definition. = :2- equality test, = :3- assignment operator in some languages. 0 address :instruction or machine; stack-based, reverse Polish. 1 address :1 full memory address (and 1 implicit register (accumulator)). 1.5 address :1 register and 1 full memory address e.g. Reg3+=b. 2 address :2 full memory addresses eg. a+=b. 3 address :3 full memory addresses eg. a:=b+c. accumulator :1- special register, see 1-address. accumulator :2- accumulating-parameter, esp' in FP activation :of a routine, instance of rtn called and not yet returned. activation record :space allocated for local variables of an activation of a routine. actual parameter :given when routine is called.

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