61. Alliance Française De Toronto Teaches French language and culture through private and group lessons, recognized courses, conversational French and tutoring. Sponsored by government of france. http://www.alliance-francaise.ca/

Study French at your own pace! Immerse yourself in a French environment! New courses start the week of September 19th. Earlybird until September 9th. Get more details in the courses section. Call us for an appointment to have your fluency evaluated by a free placement test. In La Galerie, from July 15th La Capricieuse Register now for our Summer Camp Le Babillard Check it out , and if you're a student, then send us your article, review, poem, or story! The Alliance's Mission is to teach the French language and to promote francophone cultures in Toronto. The Alliance stimulates artistic expression and the most varied cultural events capable of helping the progress of the Francophonie and of assisting French speaking cultures in Canada. feedback today.

62. Conseil Regional Ile-de-France, Entreprises, Emploi, Environnement, Tourisme Et Official site of Regional government. http://www.cr-ile-de-france.fr/

Conseil régional developpement local actu culture marches publics de la région ile de france Conseil régional developpement local actu culture marches publics de la région ile de france ... Création du Conseil régional consultatif des citoyennes et citoyens handicapé-es

63. Vichy France: Information From Answers.com Vichy france History of france Chronological Celtic Gaul Roman Gaul Franks MiddleAges The Vichy position that it was the de jure French government was http://www.answers.com/topic/vichy-france

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Vichy France Wikipedia Vichy France History of France Chronological Celtic Gaul Roman Gaul Franks Middle Ages ... Third Republic Vichy France Modern France Topical Economic history Military history Timeline Vichy France , or the Vichy regime (in French , now called: R©gime de Vichy or Vichy ; at the time, called itself: ‰tat Fran§ais , or French State) was the de facto French government of during the Nazi Germany occupation of World War II . The Vichy position that it was the de jure French government was challenged by the Free French Forces of Charles de Gaulle . Initially it ruled an unoccupied zone in Southern France and some French colonies, but Nazi Germany invaded the zone under its control on November 11 , in operation Case Anton . The authoritarian Vichy France regime was headed by Marshal Philippe P©tain Vichy France, while officially neutral in the war, was essentially a Nazi puppet state which collaborated with the Nazis, including on the Nazis' racial policies. It opposed the

64. SULAIR: Jonsson Library Of Government Documents Extensive collection of government information. Collections include microfiche, U.S. Federal and State documents, international documents, documents from Britain, france, and Peru. Offers services for teachers, students and special facilities for users with disabilities. http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/jonsson/jonsson.html

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65. French National Monuments The official site of the responsible government body provides images, history, news, and information on 200 historic structures. Choice of English and French versions, HTML or flash. http://www.monuments-france.fr/

66. CNN - Jobless Protests Put Pressure On French Government - Jan. 11, 1998 CNN http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9801/11/france.unrest/video.html

COMMUNITY Message Boards Chat Feedback SITE SOURCES Contents Help! Search CNN Networks SPECIALS Quick News Almanac Video Vault News Quiz ... Now quicker European access French unrest 2 min. 36 sec VXtreme streaming video CNN's Peter Humi reports that high unemployment rates have many of the French demanding action. VXtreme plug-ins for Windows 95, Windows NT, Power Macintosh, and Solaris are currently available. A helper app for Windows 3.11 is also available. Download the plug-in. Sound off on our A Time Warner Company Terms under which this service is provided to you. Read our privacy guidelines.

67. CNN - French Government Condemns Corsica Assassination - Feb. 7, 1998 CNN http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9802/07/france.corsica/index.html

COMMUNITY Message Boards Chat Feedback SITE SOURCES Contents Help! Search CNN Networks SPECIALS Quick News Almanac Video Vault News Quiz ... Now quicker European access French government condemns Corsica assassination February 7, 1998 Web posted at: 1:17 p.m. EST (1817 GMT) AJACCIO, Corsica (CNN) French Prime Minister Lionel Jospin and Interior Minister Jean-Pierre Chevenement rushed to the French Mediterranean island of Corsica Saturday after the assassination of the French government's most senior representative, Prefect Claude Erignac. Although no group immediately claimed responsibility for Friday's murder, suspicion fell on separatists who have waged a 22-year battle for greater autonomy from mainland France. Police were questioning at least two suspects Saturday in the slaying, sources close to the investigation said. The 60-year-old Erignac was shot dead by two gunmen as he walked to a concert in the southern town of Ajacco. The attackers fled on motorcycles after the attack. Jospin expressed outrage at the killing, which he called "an attack of cowardice," and he pledged that the attackers would be "found, brought to justice and punished." Chevenement said police possessed "a certain number of elements ... which allow us to know more" about what happened.

68. FT.com / World / Europe - OECD Warns On France's Government Debt france economy france s rising government debt threatens the sustainability ofpublic finances in the eurozone s second biggest economy, the Organisation http://news.ft.com/cms/s/d90737f6-de91-11d9-92cd-00000e2511c8.html

// Do not remove!!! // Do not remove!!! // Do not remove!!! Skip to main content, accesskey 's' Homepage, accesskey '1' All times are London time. Sign up now Take a tour Username Password Remember me World Europe Main page content: OECD warns on France's government debt By John Thornhill in Paris and George Parker in Brussels France's rising government debt threatens the sustainability of public finances in the eurozone's second biggest economy, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has warned in its latest country report. The Paris-based OECD said that a lack of control over public spending could leave France unprepared to deal with the financial consequences of an ageing society. The rest of this article is for FT.com subscribers only   Want to read more? Skip to remaining content Main navigation menu: Home World US Europe ... Amity Shlaes Sub-menu navigation: "Home" sub navigation Home main Asia Europe UK ... US "World" sub navigation World main US Europe UK ... International economy "Europe" sub navigation Europe main Brussels briefing "Companies" sub navigation Companies main By industry By region Companies A-Z "By industry" sub navigation By industry main Autos Basic industries Consumer industries ... Transport "By region" sub navigation By region main US Europe UK ... Americas "Markets" sub navigation Markets main Equities Currencies Capital markets ... Markets headlines "Equities" sub navigation Equities main US Europe UK ... Asia-Pacific "Markets headlines" sub navigation Markets headlines main News headlines Market alerts UK regulatory news ... Analytical charting "Equities" sub navigation

69. CNN.com - Angry French Winegrowers Raid Government Building - August 2, 2000 CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/FOOD/news/08/02/france.wine.reut/index.html

news Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web FOOD TOP STORIES A low-fat standby Yogurt: Got culture? Super shrimp for a Super Bowl barbecue Ask the baker: About pies, bread and chocolate ... MORE TOP STORIES More than 1,700 killed in India quake; fear of aftershocks spreads U.S. stocks mixed After respite, California power supply close to running on empty Ashcroft supporters combat accusations of discrimination ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Recipes Daily Cookbook reviews Recipe Swap Resource Additives Alcohol Beer Beverages Coffee Dairy Fat Fruit Grains Herbs Italian Key Ingredient Meat Organic Seafood Snacks Southern Sweets Tea Veggies Vitamins Restaurant Atlanta Baltimore Boston Chicago Dallas Denver Detroit Fort Worth Houston Las Vegas Los Angeles Miami Minneapolis New Orleans NYC Orlando Philly Phoenix Pittsburgh Salt Lake San Antonio San Diego San Fran Seattle St. Louis

70. MSN Encarta - France france is a presidential republic with a centralized national government. france’scurrent system of government, known as the Fifth Republic, http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761568934_10/France.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Upgrade your Encarta Experience Spend less time searching and more time learning. Learn more Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items capital, Paris Charlemagne, major figure in medieval French history more... Further Reading Editors' picks for France Search for books and more related to France Facts and Figures Quick information and statistics for France Encarta Search Search Encarta about France Editors' Picks Great books about your topic, France ... Click here Advertisement document.write(' Page 10 of 28 France Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 131 items Dynamic Map Map of France Article Outline Introduction Land and Resources People and Society Culture ... History F Energy France is endowed with few natural energy resources. Coal was the primary fuel of the Industrial Revolution , and the modest coalfields of northern France provided much of the energy for France’s early industrial expansion. With the rapid spread of the internal-combustion engine in the 20th century, petroleum surpassed coal as a primary energy source. With very little of its own petroleum reserves, France had to import the vast majority of its petroleum supplies. By the early 1970s France was importing about three-quarters of its energy, much of it petroleum.

71. CNN.com - French Police In BSE Government Raid - January 17, 2001 CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/france/01/17/france.madcow.02/index.html

world europe CNN Sites CNN CNN Asia CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN Education AllPolitics Languages MAINPAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... IN-DEPTH EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Danish Japanese Korean Arabic Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW French police in BSE government raid French families want charges brought against UK officials for BSE deaths PARIS, France Police have raided offices of French government ministries and seized documents as part of a possible manslaughter inquiry into the BSE outbreak. Charges of manslaughter have been levelled against officials by families of victims of the fatal human form of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD). Two people have died of vCJD in France and a third is suspected of suffering from the disease, which scientists have linked to eating contaminated beef. Judicial sources said prosecutors, accompanied by the police, removed documents from the agriculture, health and finance ministries. Prosecutors are investigating the official handling of BSE, or mad cow disease, during the late 1980s and 1990s after families of victims filed manslaughter charges against "persons unknown" in December.

72. French Government | France's Government | Frances Government French government france s government frances government French government.Country name conventional long form French Republic conventional short http://www.travelblog.org/World/fr-gov.html

Travel Blog About TravelBlog World Facts Latest Travel Journals ... France Select a country Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Arctic Ocean Argentina Armenia Aruba Ashmore and Cartier Islands Atlantic Ocean Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas, The Bahrain Baker Island Bangladesh Barbados Bassas da India Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burma Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Clipperton Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comoros Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Cook Islands Coral Sea Islands Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic East Timor Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Europa Island Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Faroe Islands Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern and Antarctic Lands Gabon Gambia, The

73. CNN.com - Government Says Papon Treated Well - March 7, 2001 CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/france/03/07/papon.arrest/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Danish Japanese Korean Arabic Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW Government says Papon treated well Papon believes he is not guilty of commiting crimes against humanity PARIS, France The government has rejected charges laid before the European Court of Human Rights that Nazi collaborator Maurice Papon was suffering inhumane treatment in a Paris prison. Lawyers for the 90-year old Papon, who are against his 10-year prison sentence, complained to the courts that sentencing a man of his age and weak health is inhumane and violates international accords banning degrading treatment. But excerpts from a letter published by Le Figaro newspaper on Wednesday, showed that Papon's daily schedule consists of playing board games, watching television, napping and participating in Bible readings. The letter, written by the French Foreign ministry, claimed that Papon's jailing "does not constitute inhuman and degrading treatment" and that it "does not exceed the inevitable level of suffering that is inherent in detention." The courts are currently weighing an appeal from the former Vichy official and will decide on his expected release date before the end of the year.

74. Loic Le Meur Blog: A French Government Think Tank Predicts The End Of Newspapers a French government think tank predicts the end of newspapers in france. It isvia Jeff and the editorsweblog that I learn about this report. http://www.loiclemeur.com/english/2005/06/a_french_govern.html

Loic Le Meur Blog Traditional media send messages, blogs start conversations Main June 23, 2005 a French Government think tank predicts the end of newspapers in France It is via Jeff and the editorsweblog that I learn about this report. John Burke at the Editors Weblog says: "A report just released by a French government think tank that analyzes present situations and predicts the future of various public and private organizations paints a bleak picture for the future of the French printed press. The threat from the Internet and foreign news sources will, according to the think tank, transform all French news organizations into multimedia companies, of which only 2 or 3 will be left standing by 2011. Result: " a majority of newspapers will disappear by 2011... if nothing is done". The report cites the need of French government aid to journals that undergo innovative reforms and that improve their public service. To further involve young readers, French government subsidies should be used to provide free temporary subscriptions for 18 year-olds. For the French media in general, the report calls for improved training for journalists, a radical reform of Agence France Presse, and a reform of news distribution." I wonder what is this "French government think tank".

75. Internet Rights Forum Dedicated to debating Internet law issues in france and is supported by the French government. Information on missions, schedules and staff. http://www.foruminternet.org/en/

Rechercher Welcome on the Internet Rights Forum's website This private body, supported by the French government, is a collective adventure: all the actors of the internet, private companies, non-profit organisations, public authorities and users are called to discuss and suggest the uses and rules of online activities. The Forum aims at finding a balance between self-regulation and legal regulation through open and pragmatic discussions. It will help to imagine and practise the virtual world through the debates it will organise on all legal aspects of the internet. The Forum, however, will not exert any binding power. Our ambition is to let it become a space of humanity. Of course, the Forum takes into account the international dimension of the internet. We believe that there cannot be any real answer to those issues that is not built on an international level, with a common understanding of these matters. The Forum aims at working with all interested foreign partners in that direction and will be happy to welcome foreign contributions on this website. We are all concerned with the internet. Come and join us!

76. NewsHour Extra Top Story: French Government Bans Religious Clothing In Schools In a move that has sparked protest across france, the French government last weekpassed a law banning public school students from wearing Jewish skullcaps, http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/features/jan-june04/scarves_3-08.html

Featured Lesson Plan The Gulf Coast Region Click here for more current events lesson plans matched to national standards. How to use this story in a classroom... Online NewsHour Special Report: Reaching Out to the Arab World Elizabeth Farnsworth reports from Turkey on the conflicting roles of secularism and Islam in Turkish politics. The feelings of ostracism and fear some American Muslims have experienced since the Sept. 11 attacks Examining France's splintered political climate as extreme rightist Jean-Marie Le Pen qualifies for next month's presidential elections. 04.22.02 Mamoun Fandy discusses how the Arab world may receive new U.S. public outreach efforts. The future of the world's fastest-growing faith as the holy month of Ramadan begins amid curiosity and concern. 11.16.01 Ray Suarez examines how life has changed for one American Muslim community since Sept. 11. Newsmaker: President Jacques Chirac. Browse the NewsHour's coverage of religion NewsHour Extra: Life as a Muslim Teen Muna Al-Husaini

77. CNN.com - French Government Agrees Police Deal - December 10, 2001 CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/12/09/france.police/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US/HELP CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe CNNenEspanol.com CNNArabic.com ... set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW InStyle Business 2.0 French government agrees police deal PARIS, France The French government has agreed to the demands of its police officers for improved pay and working conditions after an unprecedented protest. After a crisis meeting with a delegation of 216 gendarmes determined to leave with an agreement, Defence Minister Alain Richard on Saturday presented a deal to give the force increased pay, more equipment and more recruits. "This agreement is the government's recognition of the sacrifices accepted by the national gendarmerie for the security of the French people and the state," Richard told Reuters. The gendarmes, a military corps organised by Napoleon 200 years ago, had complained that a shortage of resources and manpower made their jobs more dangerous and compromised their ability to ensure law and order. The corps defied a ban on demonstrations by the unit and staged protests across last week.

78. GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Europe - France - Government Facts And Figures government and political information for france. local short form france.government type, republic. Capital, Paris http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/fr/France_government.htm

Home World Map Rankings Countries from A to Z A B C D ... Z Source: www.exchange-rates.org World Europe France (Facts) France - Government (Facts) Country name: conventional long form: French Republic conventional short form: France local long form: Republique Francaise local short form: France Government type: republic Capital: Paris Administrative divisions: 22 regions (regions, singular - region); Alsace, Aquitaine, Auvergne, Basse-Normandie, Bourgogne, Bretagne, Centre, Champagne-Ardenne, Corse, Franche-Comte, Haute-Normandie, Ile-de-France, Languedoc-Roussillon, Limousin, Lorraine, Midi-Pyrenees, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Pays de la Loire, Picardie, Poitou-Charentes, Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, Rhone-Alpes note: metropolitan France is divided into 22 regions (including the 'territorial collectivity' of Corse or Corsica) and is subdivided into 96 departments; see separate entries for the overseas departments (French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion) and the overseas territorial collectivities (Mayotte, Saint Pierre and Miquelon) Independence: 486 (unified by Clovis) National holiday: Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)

79. History Of The Paris Commune History of the first workers government ever created. Timeline of events, image gallery, overview of how the Commune operated and works on the Paris Commune by Karl Marx, Jenny Marx and Henri Lissagaray. http://www.marxists.org/history/france/paris-commune/

Marxists Internet Archive History Archive Revolutionary France : The Paris Commune Timeline of Events Organizational overview of the Commune The Civil War in France A book by Karl Marx detailing the events and political significance of the commune. Written as an address to the International, Marx explained the events underway in France with the purpose of distributing the information to workers all around the world. Marx explains the revolutionary achievements of the Paris Commune and the reaction to it by the French government of Thiers. History of the Paris Commune of 1871 by Prosper Olivier Lissagaray Prosper Olivier Lissagaray was a participant in the Paris Commune and his critical eye-witness account was published in French in 1876. Eleanor Marx translated the work into English and the manuscript was revised and checked by Karl Marx. Escape from Post-Commune France Written by Jenny Marx, this document describes her escape from France after the fall of the Paris Commune; after the massacres of over 30,000 workers, and the mass arrests of more than 38,000 workers. Escaping from the extreme police persecution was no easy task, but after several run-ins with the police, and many narrow escapes, Jenny Marx was able to flee to England with her life intact. A Short Account of the Paris Commune of 1871 by E. Belfort Bax, William Morris and Victor Dave, for the

80. GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Europe - France - Government And Political Condition france government and Political Conditions. Led by a prime minister, whois the head of government, the cabinet is composed of a varying number of http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/fr/France_government_summary.htm

Home World Map Rankings Countries from A to Z A B C D ... Z Source: www.exchange-rates.org World Europe France (Notes) France - Government and Political Conditions (Notes) GOVERNMENT The constitution of the Fifth Republic was approved by public referendum on September 28, 1958. It greatly strengthened the authority of the executive in relation to Parliament. Under the constitution, presidents have been elected directly for a 7-year term since 1958. Beginning in 2002, the term of office is now 5 years. Presidential arbitration assures regular functioning of the public powers and the continuity of the state. The president names the prime minister, presides over the cabinet, commands the armed forces, and concludes treaties. The president may submit questions to a national referendum and can dissolve the National Assembly. In certain emergency situations, the president may assume full powers. Besides the president, the other main component of France's executive branch is the cabinet. Led by a prime minister, who is the head of government, the cabinet is composed of a varying number of ministers, ministers-delegate, and secretaries of state. Parliament meets for one 9-month session each year. Under special circumstances an additional session can be called by the president. The most distinctive feature of the French judicial system is that it is divided into the Constitutional Council and the Council of State. The Constitutional Council examines legislation and decides whether it conforms to the constitution. Unlike the U.S. Supreme Court, it considers only legislation that is referred to it by Parliament, the prime minister, or the president; moreover, it considers legislation before it is promulgated. The Council of State has a separate function from the Constitutional Council and provides recourse to individual citizens who have claims against the administration. The Ordinary Courtsincluding specialized bodies such as the police court, the criminal court, the correctional tribunal, the commercial court, and the industrial courtsettle disputes that arise between citizens, as well as disputes that arise between citizens and corporations. The Court of Appeals reviews cases judged by the Ordinary Courts.

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