21. Fossil Fuels Liquid fossil fuels, like petroleum, is formed in areas that geologists believewere once covered by oceans or seas. These fuels were formed when dead http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/curr/science/sciber00/8th/energy/sciber/fuel.htm

Petroleum, natural gas, and coal are the main sources of energy for modern use. All of these fuels are classified as fossil fuels . The reason they are called fossil fuels is because they are all made from decayed plants and animals that have been preserved in the earth's crust by pressure, bacterial processes and heat. It takes millions of years for these organisms to chemically change into fossil fuels. Liquid fossil fuels, like petroleum , is formed in areas that geologists believe were once covered by oceans or seas. These fuels were formed when dead plants and animals sank to the bottom of the ocean and were covered by sediments. Over long periods of time (millions of years), pressure, bacterial processes, and heat changed the sediments into sedimentary rocks and the plant and animal remains into oil. Eventually underground pools of oil formed when oil migrated through the pores and cracks of rocks and eventually filled these empty spaces. Geolgists search in areas which may contain oil traps. Oil traps include fault lines where porous rock is aligned next to non-porous rock. These traps are also found among folded rock layers. This is an example of a folded-rock-layer oil trap being drilled for petroleum. Oil drills are known as a oil derricks in the petroleum industry.

22. Fossil Fuels Over 85% of our energy demands are met by the combustion of fossil fuels. Kerosene was the first petroleum fuel oil to be widely used; this was before http://www.umich.edu/~gs265/society/fossilfuels.htm

A presentation by Osman Chughtai and David Shannon Introduction Fossil fuels, coal, oil and natural gas, are a non-renewable source of energy. Formed from plants and animals that lived up to 300 million years ago, fossil fuels are found in deposits beneath the earth. The fuels are burned to release the chemical energy that is stored within this resource. Energy is essential to moden society as we know it. Over 85% of our energy demands are met by the combustion of fossil fuels. These two pie charts show exactly how vital fossil fuels are to our society by showing how much of each energy resource is consumed. Formation Going back to the earlier days of Earth, the plants and animals that lived then eventually died and decomposed. The majority of these life forms were phytoplankton and zooplankton. When these ancient ocean dwellers died, they accumulated on the bottom of a seabed; this is how a good portion of our fossil fuel reserves began. The actual transformation process of these prehistoric creatures is not known, but scientists do know that the pressure, heat, and a great deal of time go into the making of fossil fuels. Geologists are fairly certain that the beds of organic remains mixed with silt and mud to form layers. Over time, mineral sedimentation formed on top of the organisms, effectively entombing them in rock. As this occurred, pressure and temperature increased. These conditions, and possibly other unknown factors, caused organic material to break down into the simpler form of hydrocarbons: chains of carbon and hydrogen ranging from simple configuration to complex compounds. Another affect of extreme pressure is that the oil and gas which are various mixtures of hydrocarbons, migrate upwards to the surface. Exactly when in the conversion process and the nature of this migration is not known and is subject to conjecture.

23. Energy Generation (Chapter 7): Fossil Fuels And Nuclear Power What is fossil fuel? Three forms of fossil fuel. coal. petroleum. natural gas.You ve read that fossil fuels are nonrenewable. Are fossil fuels really http://ripley.wo.sbc.edu/departmental/env-studies/geo/energy.htm

Home Up Aerial Photos Global Positioning Systems (GPS) [ Energy Generation (Chapter 7): Fossil Fuels and Nuclear Power ] Energy Generation: Energy From Renewable Resources Biomes Biogeography Biodiversity ... Managing the Environment Energy Generation This topic can be divided up into three sections: fossil fuels and nuclear power "alternative" energy energy conservation Start off with some important points 1) Even though chapter seven in your book is called "Energy Generation," we can't in fact generate energy. We can only harvest it, and transform it from a less useable to a more useable form. This image shows this transformation for crude oil and coal, two kinds of fossil fuel. 2) Where does our energy come from? The main source, by far, is the sun. Minor sources include geothermal energy, nuclear fission, energy from volcanos. 3) When we harvest and use energy, much is lost during the process. Our efficiency of transformation is not great. Energy is lost during the harvesting process, refinement, transportation, and when it is actually used. At each step, we lose energy. 4) The use of energy is critical for our well-being and to maintain our standard of living. Therefore, energy production is tightly linked to economics and to our national security. Protection of our sources of energy is critical.

24. CommUnity Of Minds : The Fossil Fuel Depletion Crisis fossil fuels are currently the primary source of the cheap energy that powers Industrial civilization, as we know it, cannot exist without petroleum. http://solutions.synearth.net/stories/storyReader$8

We each view reality from our own unique perspective, only a community of minds can show us the truth. SEARCH Editors Home AboutUs ... Global Warming Discussion Recent Discussion Create New Topic Login Logout ... Join to Discuss Active Agriculture The Fossil Fuel Depletion Crisis A Description of the Problem Timothy Wilken, MD The electrical power crisis in California during the summer of 2001 drew national and world attention to a shortage of crude oil and natural gas. The exposure of the ENRON corporation's fraudulent manipulation of the energy market has lead some to believe there is no real problem. I wish this were true. Fossil fuels are currently the primary source of the cheap energy that powers our modern Industrial Civilization. If we are running out of crude oil and natural gas, as some of the best scientists and engineers in the energy field are telling us, we have big problems. Think back for a moment to the year 1801, only two hundred years ago, that was a time when there was no gasoline, no refined oil, no natural gas, and no electrical power derived from oil and gas. As a thought experiment, try to imagine what life was like at the beginning of the 19th century. If you were transported back two hundred years, how would the lack of petroleum affect your lifestyle? While we might accurately imagine the loss of cheap energy from petroleum, most of us would overlook the 70,000 products that are manufactured using petroleum as a raw feedstock. This includes plastics, acrylics, cosmetics, paints, varnishes, asphalts, fertilizers, medications

25. The Environmental Literacy Council - Fossil Fuels fossil fuels currently account for about 90 percent of world energy consumption.petroleum leads with a share of about 40 percent of total world energy http://www.enviroliteracy.org/subcategory.php/21.html

Home About ELC Site Map Contact Us ... Food Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels currently account for about 90 percent of world energy consumption. Petroleum leads with a share of about 40 percent of total world energy consumption, followed by coal (24 percent) and natural gas (22 percent). Fossil fuels are currently the most economically exploitable sources of power for both personal and commercial use. There are environmental challenges associated with extracting, transporting, and using fossil fuels. In particular, in the process of burning fossil fuels compounds are emitted into the air which can cause harm to humans, plants, animals, and whole ecosystems. In addition, carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, is emitted, which raises concerns about the potential of human-induced global warming. These links provide an introduction to fossil fuels, their use, available supplies, and prospects for the future. Printer Friendly Version Send this Page to a Friend Fossil Fuels Abiotic Theory of Oil Formation Coal Natural Gas Oil in the Ocean ... Petroleum History Related Pages Energy Laws and Treaties Mineral Resources Plate Tectonics ... Fossil Fuels: Labs and Activities This page was last updated on August 19, 2005.

26. The Environmental Literacy Council - Petroleum Of most serious concern, combustion of fossil fuels contributes noxious emissions fossil fuels MTBE petroleum History Are We Running Out of Oil? http://www.enviroliteracy.org/article.php/77.html

Home About ELC Site Map Contact Us ... Food Petroleum The twentieth century has been called the "hydrocarbon century." During the course of one hundred years, more changes in human society occurred than in the thousands of years, of previous human history, in large part because of the availability of a relatively cheap supply of petroleum. At the beginning of the 20th century, global oil output was about 150 million barrels of oil; that amount is currently extracted globally in just two days. Petroleum-based technologies have transformed the global economy, providing mobility that was unthinkable to previous generations; it has made possible the manufacture and availability of a vast number of relatively inexpensive consumer products, and has contributed in numerous ways to advances in health and quality of life that has more than doubled longevity over the course of a century. Petroleum currently provides 90 percent of energy used for transportation. However, use of petroleum-based technologies has a price. Extraction and transportation of oil has environmental impacts, although advances in extraction technologies and shipping safety measures have reduced these impacts. Reliance on petroleum supplies from foreign countries has a significant role in political relationships with those nations. Of most serious concern, combustion of fossil fuels contributes noxious emissions to the atmosphere, and releases carbon dioxide, a potent greenhouse gas. Human contributions of greenhouse gases have modified atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations, which play an important role in moderating global temperatures. Because of these concerns, there is considerable interest in reducing our reliance on petroleum-based technologies.

27. Energy Matters: Fossil Fuels Although there are many different types of fossil fuels, we have chosen threethat we feel are especially important coal, petroleum, and natural gas. http://library.thinkquest.org/20331/types/fossil/

Fossil Fuels Fossil Fuels Fission Hydroelectric Biomass ... Fusion Contents Theory Behind Fossil Fuels The Pollution Problem Advantages and Disadvantages Types of Fossil Fuels Petroleum Coal Natural Gas Related Pages Mideast Oil Crisis Although there are many different types of fossil fuels, we have chosen three that we feel are especially important: coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Because virtually all fossil fuel uses produce energy in pretty much the same way (see the Theory section), we have condensed them into one area on this website. An oil rig in the North Sea Fossil fuels have been a widely used source of energy every since the Industrial Revolution just before the dawn of the 20th century. Fossil fuels are relatively easy to use to generate energy because they only require a simple direct combustion. However, a problem with fossil fuels is their environmental impact. Not only does their excavation from the ground significantly alter the environment, but their combustion leads to a great deal of air pollution Follow the link to learn more about how fossil fuels can create energy.

28. Energy Matters: Fossil Fuels - Uses And Availability Of Petroleum Distilled petroleum began to overtake coal as the primary heating fuel.Furthermore gasoline, a fuel that could be distilled from crude oil, http://library.thinkquest.org/20331/types/fossil/petroluses.html

Fossil Fuels Fossil Fuels Fission Hydroelectric Biomass ... Fusion Uses and Availability of Petroleum and Its Products Before the current uses of petroleum were discovered, its main applications were waterproofing and light emission. In the mid-1800s, it was found that a liquid fuel called "kerosene" could be isolated from crude oil. Kerosene was important because it was used a great deal for lighting purposes during the rest of the 19th century. During the industrial revolution of the late 1890s, new energy sources were required to fuel the innovations constantly being discovered. Thus, people began to experiment with crude oil's other properties. Distilled petroleum began to overtake coal as the primary heating fuel. Furthermore "gasoline," a fuel that could be distilled from crude oil, took on central importance in industrialized societies because of the inventions of the automobile and the internal combustion engine. Furthermore, the development of electricity around the turn of the century increased demand for fuels that could be burned to power generators, thus increasing demand for petroleum. Petroleum can also be directly combusted to heat houses and other buildings. Unfortunately, because crude oil contains a number of impurities such as sulfur and nitrogen, its combustion can contribute to pollution and the greenhouse effect.

29. The Case Against New Fossil Fuel Exploration As the consumption of fossil fuels has increased, the oil industry has continuedto look This ongoing exploration by the petroleum industry is not only http://www.ran.org/oilreport/frontier.html

Drilling to the Ends of the Earth the case against new fossil fuel exploration How Much Oil and Gas Is There? Order report Contents Introduction How Much Oil Is There? The Changing Climate Frontier Ecosystems ... Conclusion Boxes The Gas Gamble Voices From The Frontier The Numbers Case Studies Western Amazon Central Africa South East Asia Russia Appendices Map Of Impacted Areas Kyoto Declaration Who will open up Tibet, or claim the last acre of the Amazon, the hills of central India, the jungles of Borneo, the steppes of Siberiathe merchant or the missionary?" - William Cameron Townsend, 1942 We are nearing the end of the century of oil. In almost every corner of the world, from rainforests to frozen tundra, teams of geologists have scrutinized the Earth, looking for signs of oil. Initially, the demand for crude was only as a replacement for whale oil. In the one hundred and fifty years since that time, the oil industry has grown to be the world's largest, and has fueled the industrial revolution, the rise in consumerism, and the modern global economy. Over 800 billion barrels of oil have been burned since the search for oil began in 1859.

30. MSN Encarta - Related Items - Petroleum fossil fuels, energyrich substances that have formed from long-buried plants and fossil fuels, which include petroleum, coal, and View article http://encarta.msn.com/related_761576221/Petroleum.html

var fSendSelectEvents = true; var fSendExpandCollapseEvents = true; var fCallDisplayUAText = false; MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Related Items from Encarta Petroleum Fossil Fuels Gasoline, production using petroleum Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) Synthetic Fuels, fuels not refined from petroleum ... , energy-rich substances that have formed from long-buried plants and microorganisms. Fossil fuels, which include petroleum, coal, and ... View article © 2005 Microsoft MSN Privacy Legal Advertise Feedback ... Help

31. MSN Encarta - Fossil Fuels Great books about your topic, fossil fuels, selected by Encarta editors When the petroleum is exposed to water and bacteria present in the sandstone, http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761586407_2/Fossil_Fuels.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Upgrade your Encarta Experience Spend less time searching and more time learning. Learn more Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items Coal environmental effects of fossil fuel use more... Further Reading Editors' picks for Fossil Fuels Search for books and more related to Fossil Fuels Encarta Search Search Encarta about Fossil Fuels Editors' Picks Great books about your topic, Fossil Fuels ... Click here Advertisement document.write(' Page 2 of 5 Fossil Fuels Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 12 items Article Outline Introduction Formation of Fossil Fuels Removing and Refining Fossil Fuels Consumption of Fossil Fuels ... World Fossil Fuel Supply C Natural Gas Formation Most natural gas is formed from plankton —tiny water-dwelling organisms, including algae and protozoans—that accumulated on the ocean floor as they died. These organisms were slowly buried and compressed under layers of sediment. Over millions of years, the pressure and heat generated by overlying sediments converted this organic material into natural gas. Natural gas is composed primarily of methane and other light hydrocarbons. As discussed previously, natural gas frequently migrates through porous and fractured reservoir rock with petroleum and subsequently accumulates in underground reservoirs. Because of its light density relative to petroleum, natural gas forms a layer over the petroleum. Natural gas may also form in coal deposits, where it is often found dispersed throughout the pores and fractures of the coal bed.

32. Ethanol Facts A Coal and petroleum and their derivatives are known as fossil fuels because Cons As with all other fossil fuels, petroleum exists in finite supply, http://www.cecarf.org/Programs/Fuels/Fuelfacts/FossilFuelFacts.html

Home About CECA Programs Publications ... Fuel Facts Fuels Program Contact Person: Davis Bookhart Email: dbookhart@cecarf.org Phone: 202-659-0404 Fossil Fuels Facts FOSSIL FUELS Q: What are fossil fuels? A: Coal and petroleum and their derivatives are known as "fossil fuels" because they were formed from the decomposition of organic compounds (dead bodies of plants and animals) during the carboniferous period, 280 to 345 million years ago. High heat and pressure from the Earth's core caused the decaying matter to turn first into a spongy-textured substance called peat and then into either a hard, carbon-rich rock (coal) or a liquid (petroleum). Natural Gas Q: What is natural gas? A: Natural gas is a very light fuel within the continuum of distillates: it is a mixture of hydrocarbons, mainly methane (CH ). Other gases in the mix typically include ethane and propane (also hydrocarbons), as well as nitrogen, water vapor, and carbon dioxide. Natural gas is used as fuel in the form of a gas but can be compressed into compressed natural gas (CNG) or liquefied natural gas (LNG) for transporting over long distances. In its gaseous form, natural gas is commonly transmitted through pipelines. Natural gas is used in the transportation, industrial, commercial, and residential sectors. It can be used for tasks such as cooking and residential heating or as a fuel to produce electricity.

33. Fossil Fuels And Their Utilization Coal and crude petroleum are the fossil fuel sources. This leaves us withthe other fossil fuel, crude petroleum. Crude petroleum is a complex mixture http://members.aol.com/profchm/fossil.html

What are the Fossil Fuels and how are they utilized in Our Society? It so happens that this is one of my favorite topics. Fossil fuels are fuels that result from the fossilization process of living tissue after millions of years. Coal and crude petroleum are the fossil fuel sources. Evolutionary Stages of Coal Development Coal comes in several developmental stages , peat, lignite, bituminous and anthracite forms of coal. The first two stages are very inefficient producing a small amount of energy per mass of fuel. Lignite can be gasified to natural gas which is a particularly clean burning fuel in itself. Lignite has also been liquefied to produce liquid petroleum fractions. But the gasification and liquefaction process are very expensive and are not cost effective unless the cost of crude petroleum reaches 60.00 a barrel or more. Bituminous (soft coal) and Anthracite (hard coal) are the stages of coal most often mined, processed , and used as fuel. Disadvantages In The Utilization of Coal There are problems with the use of this form of fossil fuel. First, the extraction of the coal from the ground can be very expensive. Most coal deposits lie well below the surface of the earth which means that special drilling , the creation of mine shafts, and the shoring up of these shafts must be paid for. In addition, there is the danger of mine explosions when deposits of natural gas or finely powered coal dust undergoes combustion resulting in an explosion. Breathing of coal dust by the miners leads to a condition known as "black lung". This adds to the cost of the

34. King County Library System General fossil fuels Coal Natural Gas petroleum petroleum (Oil)Afossil Fuel All about oil for kids, including charts and additional links, http://www.kcls.org/hh/energy.cfm

Library Services Find Your Library Ask a Librarian Library Cards Reserve a PC ... eBooks Reading Book Alert Book Clubs eBooks-Audio eBooks-Text ... TeenZone Library Resources ESL/Literacy New Music Traveling Library Center Special Collections ... Search/Site Map About KCLS Board of Trustees Friends Foundation KCLS Employment ... Email This Search the Web with Google Search KCLS Homework Help General Alternative Transportation Technologies Fossil Fuels General Fossil Fuels ... Wind General BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2002 A storehouse of charts, graphs and data on the world energy situation in 2002, including data on oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear energy, hydroelectricity, primary energy, renewables, electricity and U.S. Energy, from British Petroleum. Energy Information Administration Links to official energy statistics from the United States Department of Energy for older students. EIA Kid's Page All about energy for kids, from the Energy Information Administration.

35. Fossil Fuel -- Facts, Info, And Encyclopedia Article fossil fuels, also known as mineral fuels, are (An organic compound mainly ofhydrocarbons) petroleum and (A fossil fuel in the gaseous state; http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/f/fo/fossil_fuel.htm

Fossil fuel [Categories: Natural resources, Geology, Fossil fuels, Fuels] Fossil fuels , also known as mineral fuels , are (An organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen) hydrocarbon -containing (Resources (actual and potential) supplied by nature) natural resource s such as (Fossil fuel consisting of carbonized vegetable matter deposited in the Carboniferous period) coal (A dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons) petroleum and (A fossil fuel in the gaseous state; used for cooking and heating homes) natural gas . The utilization of fossil fuels has fueled industrial development and largely supplanted water driven mills, as well as the burning of (The hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees) wood or (Partially carbonized vegetable matter saturated with water; can be used as a fuel when dried) peat for heat. When generating (A physical phenomenon associated with stationary or moving electrons and protons) electricity , energy from the (A process in which a substance reacts with oxygen to give heat and light) combustion of fossil fuels is often used to power a (Rotary engine in which the kinetic energy of a moving fluid is converted into mechanical energy by causing a bladed rotor to rotate) turbine . Older generators used steam generated by the burning of the fuel to turn the turbine, but in newer power plants the gases produced by burning of the fuel turn a

36. ResearchResearch Lite fossil fuels, petroleum Support of advanced fossil resource utilizationresearch by historically black colleges and universities and other minority http://lite.researchresearch.com/getPage.cfm?pagename=FOpsbyDisc&lang=SW&type=Fu

37. Fossil Fuel Fuels Theory Energy Petroleum Power Abiogenic fossil Fuel fuels Theory Energy petroleum Power Abiogenic Economy. http://www.economicexpert.com/a/Fossil:fuel.htm

var GLB_RIS='http://www.economicexpert.com';var GLB_RIR='/cincshared/external';var GLB_MMS='http://www.economicexpert.com';var GLB_MIR='/site/image';GLB_MML='/'; document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); A1('s',':','html'); Non User A B C ... Home First Prev [ 1 Next Last Fossil fuels are coal and hydrocarbon fuels or hydrocarbon containing fuels such as petroleum (including natural gas ). The utilization of fossil fuels has fueled industrial development and largely supplanted water driven mills and wood or peat burning for heat. When generating electricity , energy from the combustion of fossil fuels is often used to power a turbine . Older generators used steam generated by the burning of the fuel to turn the turbine, but in newer power plants the gases produced by burning of the fuel turn a gas turbine directly. The burning of fossil fuels by humans is their major source of emissions of carbon dioxide which is one of the greenhouse gas es that is believed to contribute to global warming 1 Origin There are two theories on the origin of fossil fuels: the mainstream biogenic theory and the abiogenic theory . The two theories have been intensely debated since the , shortly after the discovery of widespread petroleum. According to the biogenic theory, fossil fuels are the altered remnants of ancient plant and animal life deposited in sedimentary rocks. The organic molecules associated with these organisms forms a group of chemicals known as

38. Canada's Fossil Fuel Dependency Canada s fossil Fuel Dependancy. La dependance du Canada sur les Prior tothe rapid petroleum price increase of the 70 s, natural gas had been treated http://www.elements.nb.ca/theme/fuels/irene/novaczek.htm

La dépendance du Canada sur les combustibles fossiles "Des combustibles fossiles abondants et peu dispendieux ont fourni l’énergie pour l’épuisement rapide des ressources et pour l’industrialisation au Canada et à travers la planète", déclare l’auteure Irene Novaczek. Dans son article, elle nous offre un aperçu des nombreux coûts inhérents (environnementaux, sociaux, économiques, politiques), et elle déclare que des pertes sont encourues à chaque étape de l’exploration, de l’extraction, du transport et de l’utilisation des combustibles fossiles. Ce document présente une historique de l’extraction et de l’utilisation des combustibles fossiles au Canada, jette un coup d’oeil à la viabilité future et offre plusieurs autres solutions utiles.

39. Kids.net.au - Encyclopedia Fossil Fuel - The utilization of fossil fuels has fueled industrial development and largely petroleum geologists in the United States and many in Europe favored the http://www.kids.net.au/encyclopedia-wiki/fo/Fossil_fuel

Web kids.net.au Thesaurus Dictionary Kids Categories Encyclopedia ... Contents Encyclopedia - Fossil fuel Fossil fuels are hydrocarbon fuels or hydrocarbon containing fuels such as crude oil petroleum coal , and natural gas . The utilization of fossil fuels has fueled industrial development and largely supplanted water driven mills and wood or peat burning for heat. The burning of fossil fuels is the major source of emissions of carbon dioxide which is one of the greenhouse gases Origin There are two theories on the origin of fossil fuels: the biogenic theory and the abiogenic theory. The two theories have been intensely debated since the , shortly after the discovery of widespread petroleum. According to the biogenic theory, fossil fuels are the altered remnants of ancient plant and animal life deposited in sedimentary rocks. The organic molecules associated with these organisms forms a group of chemicals known as kerogens which are then transformed into hydrocarbons by the process of catagenesis . According to the abiogenic theory, fossil fuels are primordial[?]

40. Fuel Cell Works Supplemental News Page many nations are seeking to replace fossil fuels, like petroleum, But hydrogen is not likely to replace fossil fuels overnight because it has to http://www.fuelcellsworks.com/Supppage3145.html

for (var i=0; iArchives Charts Companies/Links Conferences ... Search Stay Updated every week With a Free Subscription To "Inside The Industry" As Well as a Weekly Updated Patents Page Will Hydrogen Replace Fossil Fuels? Publication Date:29-July-2005 01:26 AM US Eastern Timezone Source:Korea Times Is a hydrogen-driven economy just an illusion or a promising future energy source? Prohibitively high oil prices have prompted debates on the prospects. Crude oil prices continue to renew record highs, culminating last week as the benchmark New York oil contract surpassed $60 per barrel. In this climate, many nations are seeking to replace fossil fuels, like petroleum, by using alternative energy sources and one of the strongest candidates is hydrogen. Hydrogen, which releases explosive energies via the reaction with oxygen inside fuel cells, has many compelling strengths; it is easily available, non-toxic, nonpolluting and renewable. The element is by far the most abundant one in the universe and is also rich in this planet.

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