21. GM - GMability Advanced Technology: Hybrid Vehicles GMability is general Motors corporate responsibility web site and demonstrates GM s Gasoline and diesel engines cannot run without fossil fuels, http://www.gm.com/company/gmability/adv_tech/300_hybrids/

GM Brand Web Sites Automotive Buick Cadillac Chevrolet GMC HUMMER Oldsmobile Pontiac Saab Saturn GM Buypower GM Canada Holden Opel Vauxhall GM Certified Used GM Fleet GM Defense Companies ACDelco Allison Transmission Electro-Motive Genuine GM Parts GMAC GM Accessories GMAC Bank GM Cardmember Services GM Goodwrench Service GM Mobility GM Performance Parts GM XM Radio OnStar Powertrain GM Network Daewoo Fuji/Subaru Isuzu Suzuki GM Powered Duramax Hydra-matic Northstar Vortec Hybrid Vehicles Provide the Best of Both Worlds GMC Graphyte hybrid concept There are many ways to configure a hybrid drive system. In some hybrids, the batteries power electric motors, which drive all four wheels. In others, the engine may drive the rear wheels while the batteries power the electric motors, running the front wheels. In others, the batteries or another electrical source act as auxiliary power. Hybrid power systems have been developed to address the shortcomings of powertrains based solely on internal combustion or electricity. Gasoline and diesel engines cannot run without fossil fuels, and the combustion of those fuels produces emissions. Vehicles powered by electricity alone are expensive, have very limited range and must rely on heavy batteries for power storage.

22. Alternative Energy ~ Renewable Energy: The Real Cost Of Fossil Fuel What s the real cost of fossil fuel? . July 05, 2005 in fossil fuels 76 years ago the President of general Motors predicted 80mpg by 1939; http://curtrosengren.typepad.com/alternative_energy/2005/07/the_real_cost_o.html

Alternative Energy ~ Renewable Energy Hydrogen ~ Solar ~ Biofuel ~ Geothermal ~ Hydro ~ And more... Google Ads Add me to your TypePad People list Subscribe to this blog's feed Categories Biofuel Conservation Energy business Energy economics ... Wind Recent Comments ken boak on Why an alternative energy blog? tib on Spain Proves Wind Power Works Ben on Spain Proves Wind Power Works Rucio on Spain Proves Wind Power Works vijay on Orange peel power in Florida a on Why an alternative energy blog? tib on Why an alternative energy blog? tib on Why an alternative energy blog? tib on Why an alternative energy blog? Ken Boak on Why an alternative energy blog? Energy Blogs theWatt Hybrid Car Blogs Clean Break @ Monkeysign ... Energy Blog Sustainability Triple Pundit commonground Sustainable Business Leaders Network greenthinkers.org ... Sustainablog Environmental Blogs Enviroblogs Group - Blogdigger Sierra Club NRDC Action Fund the Greenpeace weblog ... Earth Blog Energy News Fuel Cells News Renewable Energy World Yahoo! Business - Alternative Energy Alternative Energy News - Topix.net ... SolarAccess.com Alternative Energy Websites Renewable Energy Policy Project (REPP) National Biodiesel Board EV World: The World of Electric, Hybrid, Fuel Cell and Alternative Fuel Vehicles

23. Energy Economics - Extraction Efficiency And Costs, Depletion Of Fossil Fuels Energy economics and fossil fuels—how long do we have? is fifth of a series of Remember that the EROEI for coal is, in general, lower than that for oil. http://www.abelard.org/briefings/energy-economics.asp

how long do we have? a briefing document site map Web abelard.org is fifth of a series of briefing documents on the problems of power consumption, posed by the steady depletion of fossil fuels and most particularly of pumpable oil. One of a grouping of documents on global concerns at abelard.org Nuclear power - is nuclear power really really dangerous? Global warming Transportable fuels Distributed energy systems and micro-generation ... sustainable futures briefing documents Index advertising introduction economic efficiency extraction costs ... end notes introduction This briefing document is designed to remedy much confused thinking that is abroad on the matter of energy arithmetic. Jevons, in The Coal Question , drew attention to the Watt steam engine. It was invented because the older Newcomen engine was so inefficient. But making steam power more efficient made the use of steam power spread more widely, and therefore coal consumption increased. See here economic efficiency is not energy efficiency economic efficiency Consider a machine that is sold for $100, which lasts only a year, and then a solidly made version of the machine, that costs $300 and which lasts for 10 years.

24. General Information general information. What is Biodiesel? Biodiesel is an alternative fuel that can up to 75% cleaner than conventional diesel fuel made from fossil fuels http://biodiesel.pl/general_information/

discussion board (pl) info site map company directory ... your profile menu news general information applications advantages ... links search general information What is Biodiesel? Biodiesel is an alternative fuel that can be made from any fat or vegetable oil. It can be used in any diesel engine with few or no modifications. Although biodiesel does not contain petroleum, it can be blended with diesel at any level or used in its pure form. Biodiesel in fuel applications can exist in two forms, depending if blended or not: pure (100%) methyl (or ethyl) ester of fatty acids, commonly denoted as B100 2. fuel which contains bio-component (bio-based additive) being methyl (or ethyl) ester of fatty acids. In this meaning the most widely known types of the Biodiesel fuel are the following: B20 (20% of pure Biodiesel (fatty acid methyl/ethyl esters) + 80% fossil-fuel diesel) B80 (80% of pure Biodiesel (fatty acid methyl/ethyl esters) + 20% fossil-fuel diesel) B5 (5% of pure Biodiesel (fatty acid methyl/ethyl esters) + 95% fossil-fuel diesel) Other blends containing fatty acid methyl/ethyl esters with varying proportion of them in the final fuel depending on the specifics of the country, where produced/distributed

25. Elsevier Author Gateway + Civil Engineering (general) + Control Applications + fossil fuels Combustion and Flame Fuel Fuel Processing Technology http://authors.elsevier.com/Home.html?aloc=09750&sl=SAF~~&al=09700~

26. Science Blog -- NUCLEAR POWER ALTERNATIVE TO FOSSIL FUELS, IAEA DIRECTOR INFORMS 22/10/2001. Press Release GA/9938. Fiftysixth general Assembly. Plenary NUCLEAR POWER ALTERNATIVE TO fossil fuels, IAEA DIRECTOR INFORMS general http://www.scienceblog.com/community/older/archives/L/2001/A/un010490.html

Press Release GA/9938 Fifty-sixth General Assembly Plenary th Meeting (PM) NUCLEAR POWER ALTERNATIVE TO FOSSIL FUELS, IAEA DIRECTOR INFORMS GENERAL ASSEMBLY Following Introduction of Agency's Annual Report, Most Speakers Express Support for Non-Proliferation, Additional NPT Protocols General Assembly Plenary            - 1a -            Press Release GA/9938  th Meeting (PM)                                      22 October 2001  of promise.  He said that would promote sustainable development, nuclear non-proliferation and environmental security. Also speaking this afternoon were the representatives of Pakistan, Slovakia, Cuba, Egypt, Peru, Republic of Korea, Brazil and Argentina (in a joint statement), Czech Republic, Mexico, United States, Belarus and Ukraine. The representatives of Iraq and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea spoke in exercise of the right of reply. The Assembly will meet again at 10 a.m. on Friday, 26 October, when it is expected to elect members of the Economic and Social Council. Background The Assembly met this afternoon to take up the annual report of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).  The

27. Science Blog -- IAEA DIRECTOR GENERAL COMMENDS CHINESE EFFORTS TO REDUCE 'CRUSHI VIENNA, 23 May (IAEA) The Director general of the International Atomic Energy At one time, he said, fossil fuels had been regarded as the preferred http://www.scienceblog.com/community/older/archives/L/1997/A/un970716.html

29 May 1997 IAEA/1311 IAEA DIRECTOR GENERAL COMMENDS CHINESE EFFORTS TO REDUCE 'CRUSHING DOMINATION OF FOSSIL FUELS' IN ENERGY MIX (Reissued as received.) VIENNA, 23 May (IAEA) The Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Hans Blix, this week highlighted the pressures leading China like its near neighbours Japan and the Republic of Korea to plan ambitiously for nuclear power to meet a significant share of its rising energy needs. Speaking at a jointly sponsored IAEA/China Nuclear Corporation Seminar in Beijing on 23 May, Mr. Blix said China had adopted a policy to reduce dependence on coal from 70 to 50 per cent of electricity generation by the year 2020. Yet coal production there may still have to double in the next 15 years to meet booming electricity and energy demand. This would in turn make the burden on the country's railroad infrastructure even heavier. At one time, he said, fossil fuels had been regarded as the preferred solution because of their relatively cheap costs. Price remained important, and investment plus operating costs remained crucial. However, many countries including China were becoming increasingly concerned about the environmental, health and other costs involved in energy production, as well as by the fact that reserves of fossil fuels, notably gas and oil, are finite. Greater efficiency in energy use was of course desirable, and renewable sources of energy would doubtless play an increasing role in the future. However, as the World Energy Council had stated, "with adequate support, the share of renewable energy supplies, currently only 2 per cent, could reach 5 to 8 per cent of increased world energy supply by 2020." The main choice for energy-hungry economies in the foreseeable future would thus be between the burning of more fossil fuels and nuclear. Just as inevitably, more fossil fuel use would mean more emissions of carbon dioxide with the attendant risk of global warming.

28. Gas Turbine - Modular Helium Reactor Even larger quantities of fossil fuels are being burned to meet other demands general Atomics • 3550 general Atomics Court • San Diego, CA 921211122. http://gt-mhr.ga.com/

Come join us at the Global Energy Symposium! For more information click here. The GT-MHR combines a meltdown-proof reactor and advanced gas turbine technology in a power plant with a quantum improvement in thermal efficiency. . . approaching 50%. This efficiency makes possible much lower power costs, without the environmental degradation and resource depletion of burning fossil fuels Efficiency from thermodynamics Conventional, low-temperature nuclear plants operate at about 32% thermal efficiency. GT-MHR power plants can achieve thermal efficiencies of close to 50% now, and even higher efficiencies in the future. Background Plant Description Benefits Safety ... Webmaster@ga.com

29. UUA: Safer Sources Of Energy: 1992 UUA General Resolution WHEREAS it is now possible to reduce reliance on fossil fuels by replacing WHEREAS the general Assemblies of 1977, 1979, and 1981 adopted resolutions http://www.uua.org/actions/energy/92safer.html

Social Justice Statements Home About Us Publications ... Office for Bisexual, Gay, Lesbian and Transgender Concerns Safer Sources of Energy 1992 General Resolution BECAUSE future generations have the right to inherit a livable biosphere; and Because the responsibility for ensuring the livability of the biosphere lies ultimately with every person; and WHEREAS the quality of the environment is deteriorating; and WHEREAS the burning of fossil fuels is a major contributing factor in this deterioration; and WHEREAS fossil fuels are non-renewable resources; and WHEREAS the true economic costs of processing and disposing of fossil fuels and their byproducts are not accounted for; and WHEREAS it is now possible to reduce reliance on fossil fuels by replacing them with less polluting, ecologically safer means of energy conversion; and WHEREAS the General Assemblies of 1977, 1979, and 1981 adopted resolutions urging the development and the use of non-polluting, renewable sources of energy; THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the Unitarian Universalist Association support efforts such as the Seventh Principle Project whose aim is to: provide a network to collect and distribute ecological and environmental information; and

30. CBC Calgary - Programs - Wildrose Country High Noon for fossil fuels Governor general Award winner Andrew Nikiforuk focuseshis research on the oil patch. He looks at the wealth generated from http://www.cbc.ca/wildrosecountry/oil.html

31. CENTRE FOR ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY When fossil fuels (eg, gasoline) are burned, a variety of pollutants are emitted fossil fuels are composed mostly of carbon. When they are burned this http://www.cac.yorku.ca/general/intro.html

What is Atmospheric Chemistry? Photochemical Smog/Tropospheric Ozone Global Warming Stratospheric Ozone Depletion ... Atmospheric Chemistry at York University What is Atmospheric Chemistry? P. Crutzen, M. Molina and F. S. Rowland. Photochemical Smog/Tropospheric Ozone Further information: SMOG Let's clear the air! The Chemistry of Atmospheric Pollutants Top of page Global Warming Further information: Frequently asked questions about Climate Change Do you want to know more about climate change? Greenhouse Gases Carbon Dioxide, (CO2) Stratospheric Ozone Depletion Further information: Frequently asked questions about Ozone Depletion from the Union of Concerned Scientists Greenpeace: Ozone Campaign Home Page The Science of ozone depletion USENET FAQ about ozone depletion (from Europe) The Ozone Hole - a Multimedia Tour! The ozone layer Acidic Deposition Further information: Acid rain Acid rain resources Top of page Toxic Air Pollutants Further information: Public health statement: PCB's Atmospheric Chemistry at York University York University offers a unique undergraduate degree program that provides students with the necessary theoretical background and practical laboratory experience to enable them to make meaningful contributions to these important environmental concerns upon their graduation. We have historically been very successful in assisting our atmospheric chemistry students in finding suitable and rewarding employment within this field. York also offers M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Atmospheric Chemistry.

32. PSIgate - Physical Sciences Information Gateway Search/Browse Results This research is part of the DECAFF (Decarbonisation of fossil fuels) The processes of general mineral CO2 sequestration and CO2 sequestration by http://www.psigate.ac.uk/roads/cgi-bin/psisearch.pl?term1=fossil fuels&limit=0&s

33. PSIgate - Physical Sciences Information Gateway Search/Browse Results Best Replacement Energy to fossil fuels Ask A Scientist © general Science ArchiveBest Replacement Energy to fossil fuels name Laurel status http://www.psigate.ac.uk/roads/cgi-bin/search_webcatalogue.pl?term1=fossil fuels

34. Best Replacement Energy To Fossil Fuels Ask A Scientist©. general Science Archive fossil fuels account for 85% ofall the energy used in the United states. Oil, our least plentiful resource, http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/gen99/gen99773.htm

Ask A Scientist General Science Archive Best Replacement Energy to Fossil Fuels Back to General Science Topics Ask A Scientist Index NEWTON Homepage Ask A Question ... NEWTON is an electronic community for Science, Math, and Computer Science K-12 Educators. Argonne National Laboratory, Division of Educational Programs, Harold Myron, Ph.D., Division Director.

35. The End Of Fossil Fuels With a title like The End of fossil fuels you may think that this is an article In general however, what fossils that have been found in coal beds are http://www.borderlands.com/archives/arch/endfos.html

The End of Fossil Fuels 1998 by Thomas J Brown "To the writers of books upon meteorites, it would be as wickedby which we mean departure from the characters of an established speciesquasi-established, of courseto say that coal has fallen from the sky, as would be to something in a barnyard, a temptation that it climb a tree and catch a bird. Domestic things in a barnyard: and how wild things from forests outside seem to them. Or the homeopathistbut we shall shovel data of coal." Charles Fort, The Book of the Damned The End With a title like The End of Fossil Fuels you may think that this is an article about alternative energy or "free" energy, but alas, it is not. It is an attempt to describe the inadequacy of the term "fossil fuel" and to prevent its further usage in the English language through education in the mysteries of the hydrocarbon structures in the earth. I can't blame people for having used this misleading phrase, being guilty myself. We are regularly taught such misconceptions in school. But one should always be ready to learn new ideas and concepts, especially once the evidence is investigated. The term "fossil fuel" is a standard phrase used in reference to hydrocarbons in their various permutations as petroleum, coals, and natural gas. The argument to be presented here is that hydrocarbon deposits are not "fossilized carbon" at all in the sense implied in the modern usage of that term, that there is a larger "carbon dynamic" eventuating in the earth process. The standard response to this is "well, they FIND fossils in the deposits". This is scientific fact and will not be disputed, fossils certainly are found in SOME deposits, many of them being quite curiouscoal balls and roof ballsand will be discussed in turn as they will further our argument. There are also serious fossil anomalies, evidences of human intelligence which crop up in various coal beds supposedly laid down hundreds of millions of years before humans are supposed to have existed. But we will first look at the hydrocarbon structures themselves.

36. EPA : Global Warming : Actions : Waste : Basic Information : General Information general Information on the Link Between Solid Waste and Climate Change When energy demand decreases, fewer fossil fuels are burned and less carbon http://yosemite.epa.gov/OAR/globalwarming.nsf/content/ActionsWasteBasicInfoGener

var homeDb = 'OAR/globalwarming.nsf' Global Warming - Waste Recent Additions Contact Us Print Version Javascript required for go button, use enter key. Search Area: EPA Home Global Warming Actions Waste ... Climate and Waste Contacts General Information on the Link Between Solid Waste and Climate Change Solid waste disposal contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in a variety of ways. This page describes how waste disposal produces GHG emissions and ways these emissions can be reduced. What is the link between solid waste and climate change? How can certain waste management strategies reduce GHG emissions? What about wastes already in landfills? Where can I get general information on climate change or specific EPA climate studies and reports? What is the link between solid waste and climate change? Click for larger image and expanded description The different sources of GHG emissions from waste are illustrated in the graphic to the right. The disposal of solid waste produces GHGs in a number of ways. First, the anaerobic decomposition of waste in landfills produces methane, a GHG 21 times more potent than carbon dioxide. Second, the incineration of waste produces carbon dioxide as a by-product. In addition, the transportation of waste to disposal sites produces GHGs from the combustion of the fuel used in the equipment. Finally, the disposal of materials indicate that new products are being produced as replacements; this production often requires the use of fossil fuels to obtain raw materials and manufacture the items.

37. Re: Please Name Me All Possible Sources Of Fossil Fuels fossil fuels are man’s main source of energy in the past century and are coal and of fossil fuels, I suggest a good general introductory college level http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/may98/893089595.En.r.html

MadSci Network : Environment/Ecology Re: Please name me all possible sources of fossil fuels Date: Mon Apr 20 10:45:20 1998 Posted By: Robert Chesson, Other (pls. specify below), Working Geologist (Certified Profssional Geologist), FEC Area of science: Environment/Ecology ID: 892760743.En Message: Current Queue Current Queue for Environment/Ecology Environment/Ecology archives Try the links in the MadSci Library for more information on Environment/Ecology MadSci Home Information Search ... Join Us! MadSci Network, webadmin@www.madsci.org

38. ZPEnergy.com - FOSSIL FUELS MAY DECREASE EARTH'S NATURAL CAPACITY TO STORE CARBO general August 02 Rising fossil fuel emissions may actually decrease the Earth snatural capacity to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, http://www.zpenergy.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1436

39. Lecture 13 - Energy And Fossil Fuels A. Origin of fossil fuels – general. 1. Accumulation of abundant organicmatter (carbon chains). 2. Preservation of organic matter – prevent oxidation http://www.uky.edu/AS/Geology/clepper2/Lecture 13 - Energy and Fossil Fuels.htm

Energy and Fossil Fuels Thursday, October 14, 2004 I. Energy A. Latin for “in work” B. Capacity to do work C. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, just converted D. USA 1. Energy consumption is highest in wealthy nations and the United States is the world’s largest energy consumer 2. With 5% of the world’s population, we consume 25% of the world’s energy a . down from 1950 – consumed 50% of the world’s energy 3. The world’s energy consumption quadrupled between 1950 and 1985 a. Much of the increase is coming from developing countries E. World Energy Resources (as of 1993) 1. Developed countries – fuel mix 2. Non-renewable a. Oil = 30% b. Natural gas = 23% c. Coal = 22% d. Nuclear power = 6% 3. Renewable a. Hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, and solar = 8% b. Biomass (wood, gasohol, methane from decaying waste) = 11% c. Nuclear fusion (e.g., Sun) – technology is currently not available for use as an energy source F. Nonrenewable Resources 1. Oil, gas, and coal are the primary source of energy for the world – they are called fossil fuels 2. Fossil fuels are considered to be nonrenewable

40. The Potential Of Renewable Energy In contrast to fossil and nuclear fuels, renewable energy offers alternative Renewables are, in general, a much more dilute form of energy than the http://www.srtp.org.uk/eco2enrw.shtml

SRT Home Page What is the SRT Project? What's New? Highlights ... The Big Issues The Big Issues "Engineering Genesis" Genetic Engineering GM Food GM Animals Human Genetics Cloning Xenotransplantation Patenting Risk Environment Climate Change Energy Nuclear Power Transport Eco-Congregation Church Energy Saving Technology Internet Issues SRT Publications SRT Newsletter SRT Information Sheets SRT Topical Papers ... Eco-Congregation S ociety, R eligion and T echnology P roject Church of Scotland Looking at the ethics of technology for a New Millennium How Realistic is the Potential of Renewable Energy? Donald Bruce and David Pickering Contents The Potential of Renewable Energy Some Drawbacks of Renewable Energy Economic Barriers SRT's Other Energy Pages ... Further Information about SRT How Realisitic is the Potential of Renewable Energy? In contrast to fossil and nuclear fuels, renewable energy offers alternative sources of energy for the future that will not run out, which in general add little to the pollution and waste problems caused by fossil fuels, without the risks attendant on nuclear power. The major sources are: hydroelectricity, which is the only source currently used to any great extent in Europe

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