81. The Asian Forest Fires Of 1997-1998 As the forest and bush are burned, the peat ignites. The fires burn so hot that they Fires have burned forest lands in Indonesia for thousands of years, http://rainforests.mongabay.com/08indo_fires.htm

Imperilled Riches The Asian Forest Fires of 1997-1998 Sulphides, nitrous oxides, and ash released by burning, combined with the industrial pollution and exhaust from cities, formed choking haze which raised pollution levels to unrecorded heights. The Air Pollution Index exceeded 800 [a day's exposure to an API of 200-300 is the equivalent to smoking 20 cigarettes] in Kuching, Malaysia, and set record highs in Singapore and Kuala Lampur, Malaysia. While over 200,000 were hospitalized with ailments ranging from heart and respiratory disorders, severe nosebleeds, and eye irritation, there is greater concern for the long term health affects on the more than 70 million people in 6 countries affected by the haze. Health officials worry that the smog produced by the fires may lead to an increase in the development of heart, lung, brain, eye, and skin disorders over the next decade. When the monsoon rains do come, Indonesia can expect widespread flooding and massive erosion. The loss of vegetation means that heavy tropical rains will wash away the loose topsoil. Sure enough, in 1998-1999 deadly flooding in Indonesia and Malaysia inflicted heavy damage and caused significant loss of life. There is a strong possibility of acid rain formed from the sulfur released by the burning. The acid rain could make soils more acidic and affect agriculture while damaging remaining forests. Fires have burned forest lands in Indonesia for thousands of years, but in recent times fires have become more frequent and widespread due to human-induced changes in the forest ecosystem. During the El Niño of 1982-83, fires burned about 9.1 million acres (3.7 million hectares) of forest degraded by commercial logging and agriculture in Kalimantan. These fires may have been the largest in human history. In 1987, another 5 million acres (2 million ha) of forest, 70% of which was primary forest, went up in smoke in Kalimantan, Sumatra, East Timor, Sulawesi, and Java. In 1991, fires burned more than 125,000 acres (50,000 ha) of forest.

82. UNECE Forest Fire Statistics Forest fire Statistics provides statistics on forest fires in the UNECE region, Europe, Information on FAO activities on forest fires can be found at http://www.unece.org/trade/timber/ff-stats.html

Timber Committee European Forestry Commission This website presents the activities of the UNECE Timber Committee and the FAO European Forestry Commission who work together to promote sustainable forest management in Europe, the CIS and North America HOME LIST OF MEETINGS AND DOCUMENTATION PUBLICATIONS ... LINKS FOREST FIRES FOREST FIRE STATISTICS Forest fire Statistics provides statistics on forest fires in the UNECE region, Europe, North America and the countries of the CIS. Shown are the number and size of fires by forest types and causes. Previous editions were published under the ECE/TIM series, since 1994 they are part of the Timber Bulletin. Timber Bulletin, Volume LV (2002) ECE/TIM/BULL/2002/4 download EXCEL file KB Timber Bulletin, Volume LIV (2001) ECE/TIM/BULL/54/4 download EXCEL file KB Timber Bulletin, Volume LIII (2000) ECE/TIM/BULL/53/4 Timber Bulletin, Volume LII (1999) ECE/TIM/BULL/52/4 download PDF file KB Timber Bulletin, Volume LI (1998) ECE/TIM/BULL/51/4 download PDF file KB Timber Bulletin

83. Forest Fires - Critical Thinking About Environmental Issues PERC is a nonprofit, environmental think tank in Montana seeking market solutions to environmental problems. Our research and policy analysis covers http://www.perc.org/publications/books/forestfires.php

Forest Fires Critical Thinking About Environmental Issues By Linda E. Platts Greenhaven Press has launched a new series of books for young people called "Critical Thinking about Environmental Issues." Unlike many environmental books found in schools today, this series offers objective and balanced discussions of controversial issues. PERC Senior Associate Jane S. Shaw is the editor for the series as well as the author of this book. Each book squarely addresses the controversies surrounding its topic. In Forest Fires, Platts examines the issue of whether forest fires are a natural and necessary function to achieve healthy forests. She discusses the threat wildfires present to human life and property as well as the alternatives to fire such logging and thinning the forests. She discusses how scientists are exploring the question of whether fires should be allowed to burn and risks to human health. Greenhaven Press Farmington Hills, Michigan 2004, 96 pp.

84. Roth: Fighting Forest Fires GPSbased system lets Forest Service keep track of firefighting aircraft. http://www.fcw.com/article88309-03-21-05-Print

Search Government Search FCW and Industry HOME DOWNLOAD TECHNOLOGY SOLUTION CENTERS ... ALSO ONLINE Solution Centers Defense Enterprise Architecture Executive Integrators ... Wireless News By Topic CIOs Defense E-Government Enterprise Architecture ... More Topics Current Issue Subscribe Vendor Solutions HP Thought Leadership Forum Automated Office Products Avocent Secure Switching Avaya White Paper ... Advertise FCW.com Download Check out last week's news roundup, Web-only stories, source documents and other online components of Federal Computer Week's print magazine. Roth: Fighting forest fires GPS-based system lets Forest Service keep track of firefighting aircraft ADVERTISEMENT BY Brian Robinson Mar. 21, 2005 issue Robert Roth, an aviation specialist with the Forest Service, says knowing precisely where firefighting resources are at any given time can mean the difference between squelching a wildland fire or watching it race out of control. As a former ground-based firefighter, he knows from experience that being able to call in a flying tanker to dump a load of water or fire retardant gives firefighters a priceless advantage. But first they need to know that a tanker is available. With the radio-based control systems that most firefighters work with, such information is difficult to find. At best, the systems they use give approximate answers.

85. United Nations Environment Programme - UNEP REMOTE SENSING OF forest firesRemote sensing as a tool to map forest fires, to study the fire regime and A semiautomatic method to map forest fires during large periods by means of http://www.unep.org/unep/per/for_fire/fire.htm

About UNEP UNEP Offices News Centre Publications ... UNEP Store United Nations Environment Programme environment for development Select an issue Biodiversity Chemicals Energy Environmental Assesment Freshwater Land Ozone Sustainable Consumption Urban Issues Search 404 page not found The page you requested cannot be found. The page you are looking for might have been removed, had its name changed, or is temporarily unavailable. To find what you are looking for, try searching UNEP using the box below. Or, try the following: Open the home page or the sitemap and look for links to the information you want. Click the back button to try another link. United Nations Environment Programme privacy policy terms and conditions contacts support UNEP ... UNEP sitemap

86. What Is Europe Doing? Forest Fires forest fires Every year, some 45000 forest fires break out in Europe. Between 1989 and 1993, 2.6 million hectares of woodland were destroyed by fire in the http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/leaflets/disasters/en/forest.html

IMPORTANT LEGAL NOTICE The information on this site is subject to a and a Forest fires Previous Contents Next The facts Every year, some 45,000 forest fires break out in Europe. Between 1989 and 1993, 2.6 million hectares of woodland were destroyed by fire in the Mediterranean alone. That amounts to an area equal to that of Belgium being struck off the map every five years. Fires cause considerable damage in terms of loss of life and in environmental terms through the destruction of fauna and flora. They also have serious economic implications: destruction of habitats, forest damage, costs of fire-fighting, and so on. Most of these fires are caused by man. However, there are many natural factors such as drought, wind speed and topography, which influence the spread of fires and govern their devastating effects. Action Fire-fighting is a complicated business. The aim of research is to understand the behaviour of fire and to give decision-makers, technicians, and firemen the tools to enable them to act with the necessary effectiveness and speed. The European Commission is funding several pilot projects. They are designed to:

87. Smokejumping And Forest Fire Fighting Oral History Project What follows is a list of narrators for our Smokejumping and Forest Fire Changes in fire fighting, USFSIdaho, forest firesIdaho, Forest Fire http://www.idahohistory.net/smokejumper.html

Smokejumping and Forest Fire Fighting Oral History Project On the second Wednesday in August 1999, the oral historian for the Idaho State Historical Society traveled into the Boise foothills to the planned community of Hidden Springs. He met with five former smokejumpers of the roughly dozen smokejumpers in attendance at the smokejumpers' coffee meeting. This gathering, which is described in more detail in a December 18, 2001 (Boise) Idaho Statesman article, began in the early 1990s at the behest of A. Glen "Ace" Nielsen, a former smokejumper. This group has met at least four times a year—and now meets six times a year—and they welcome former smokejumpers from any era and any base. This meeting can last for hours; the oral historian stayed for just a few minutes, leaving the group to continue reminiscing. Smokejumper Base; McCall, Idaho; ca. 1948. Building on left is parachute maintenance building (loft not visible). Middle building is barracks. Building on right is fire cache. Photo courtesy of A. Glen "Ace" Nielsen. Through this meeting the Idaho Oral History Center began interviewing in October 1999 four of those former smokejumpers. While the project initially focused on individuals who jumped from the McCall camp during the 1940s, it has expanded to include not only smokejumpers of the 1950s to the 1990s but also other forest fire fighters and support personnel. As of March 2002, the IOHC has recorded the stories, memories, and opinions of 30 different men and women who helped suppress or manage blazes in the forests of not only Idaho but also forests throughout the U.S. West. We have called this endeavor our "Smokejumping and Forest Fire Fighting Oral History Project."

88. Forests And Fires forest fires play a natural and useful role in the lifecycle of a forest and its ecosystem. But fire can also have a devastating long-term effect on http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/docs/_ref/aboutcifor/factsheet/forests_fires.htm

Section: Home About CIFOR Fact Sheets Forests and fires print-version Search Web search in: document.write('') CIFOR document.write('') Info Finder Advanced Web Search Search Publication About CIFOR CIFOR Summarized DG's Message CIFOR's Impact CIFOR's Strategy ... Contact Forests and fires Forest fires play a natural and useful role in the life-cycle of a forest and its ecosystem. But fire can also have a devastating long-term effect on ecosystems that are not adapted to such patterns of burning. Frequent and large-scale fires, mainly caused by increased human activity, affect many forests and peatlands around the world. Tropical rainforests are at particular risk. The scale of the problem The impact of forest fires is increasing as the scale and frequency of such burning rises. In 1997 and 1998, millions of hectares of forest around the world caught fire during an intense El Niño-related drought. The fires were so widespread and intense that even ecosystems that do not usually burn were badly damaged, such as the Amazon rain forest in Brazil, the cloud forest of Chiapas in Mexico, and the rainforests of Borneo. At the same time, smoke blanketed large areas of Southeast Asia, disrupting air and sea navigation and causing serious threats to public safety. Major El Niño related fires over the past two decades have devastated large areas of forest and caused significant economic costs both in Indonesia and in neighboring countries. In 2002 the fires returned. In Central Kalimantan the haze was so bad that incoming flights were cancelled and schools were closed for weeks. At one point the pollution index reached 1500, five times the highest danger category. Under those conditions even face-masks could not stop the haze's tiny particles penetrating deep into people's lungs.

89. U.S. Forest Fire Activity forest fires in North America. US Forest Fire Information. National Interagency Coordination Center Reports Subscribe to Fire Reports List FireLine http://www.cidi.org/wildfire/fire.htm

U.S. Forest Fire Information National Interagency Coordination Center Reports Subscribe to Fire Reports List - FireLine FireLine FAQ - Accompanies NICC Reports Regions Identified for Intergency Coordination Archive of Past Reports Conditions in U.S. Forests Forest Service Reports Page

90. Telegraph | News | Malaysians Fume Over Sumatran Forest Fires Daily news from the UK, business news, countryside news, UK technology news, obituaries and UK education news telegraph.co.uk, UK online newspaper. http://news.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/08/13/wsmog13.xml

91. Monitoring Forest Fires The forest fire fighting philosophy consists of three parts prevention, If forest fires did occur, damage assessment is needed to determine the http://www.vtt.fi/tte/research/tte1/tte14/proj/FF-Operat/monitoring.html

Forest Fire Management The forest fire fighting philosophy consists of three parts: prevention, detection and extinguishing. Each of these parts supports each other, and together they form a system for controlling forest fires. If forest fires did occur, damage assessment is needed to determine the economical, ecological and social impact and to improve the fire risk assessment. Fire prevention Fire detection and monitoring Extinguishing Fire damage assessment

92. Curbing Forest Fires | Csmonitor.com The Senate must find a compromise among the competing interests and different measures to curb future fires in national forests. http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/1002/p08s03-comv.html

WORLD USA COMMENTARY LEARNING ... Text Edition Search: Special Offer: Subscribe to the Monitor and get 32 issues FREE! Opinion Letters to the Editor Columns: Dante Chinni Helena Cobban Pat M. Holt John Hughes ... Jeffrey Shaffer Features Columns: 2nd Chapters Marilyn Gardner Economic Scene A Global Accounting ... csmonitor.com staff Commentary Stories: for 09/21/2005 Facing up to Germany's fears US, UN find common ground 'Service to your country' muddied by Peace Corps-military agreement Letters to the Editor Most-viewed stories: (for 09/20/05) Before the oil runs out: How will this era end? Why the lights mostly stayed on in the US this summer A retro look to next US spacecraft Cost of Katrina relief splits Republican ranks ... Commentary from the October 02, 2002 edition Curbing Forest Fires E-mail this story Write a letter to the Editor Printer-friendly version Related stories: Indonesia battles illegal timber trade Why Borneo's sun bears now attack The rise of robber barons speeds forest decline As fire threat grows, ranks of firefighters shrink ... E-mail Newsletter Get all of today's headlines, or alerts on specific topics. Subscribe for free The senators must act soon to help the National Forest Service speed up its removal of fire-spreading plants and organic debris from an estimated 10 million acres of forests at risk.

93. USDA Forest Service - WFW - Air, Watershed & Soil Various materials on air quality and visibility, forest Service Class I PSD Areas, Integrating Air Quality and Fire Management into Land Management Planning, and smoke and dust from wildland fires. http://www.fs.fed.us/clean/air/

USDA Forest Service WFW We have moved to http://www.fs.fed.us/biology/ Please update your bookmarks and links.

94. National Fire News Sycamore (Prescott National forest) This fire was contained at 2000 acres. Arkansas, Number of fires 1, Acres 150, New fires 0, fires contained 0 http://www.nifc.gov/fireinfo/nfn.html

Current hours for the National Fire Information Center are (MDT) 7:30 am - 4:30 pm Monday - Friday This report will be updated daily. For another source of daily national wildland fire information see the National Interagency Coordination Center. National Preparedness Level 4 (On a scale from 1 to 5) Wildland Fire Update September 21, 2005 Fire activity was light throughout the nation with 120 new fires reported. Four new large fires were reported: one in Wyoming and three in California. One large fire in California was contained. The cut-off low pressure system off the central California coast will move inland today, bringing scattered showers and thunderstorms to the Great Basin. Hurricane Rita is predicted to move through the Gulf of Mexico over the next few days and hit the Texas coast around Saturday. A Presidential Disaster De Area Command and Incident Management teams have developed and are refining evacuation plans for Hurricane Rita covering all resources under their control. Planning efforts are focusing on safety and reestablishing services currently being provided for Hurricane Katrina response.

95. Global Wildfires Global Wildfires Status Report on forest and Other fires Worldwide Realtime information on current fires status and early warning http://www.grid.unep.ch/activities/earlywarning/fires/index.php

Printing Instructions Large text Activities Early Warning Global Wildfires: Status Report on Forest and Other fires Worldwide Assessments Capacity Building Early Warning Publications ... Sustainable Resource Use Real-time information on current fires status and early warning For current fires status, click on , for early warning click on Photo by Andrea Booher/FEMA News Photo GBA-IMS application Test the GBA-IMS application : it allows to visualise and download data on Global Burnt Area for the year 2000. The user can zoom, overlay with different layers, get statistics. This project was run in collaboration with EU Joint Research Centre Links to relevant organisations providing information on fires Modis Land Rapid Response System for satellite images of hotspots worldwide NASA for actual aerosol detection (smoke) NASA Earth Observatory latest images of disasters world-wide Global Fire Monitoring Center for reports and other information about fires.

96. CNN.com - US - U.S. Forest Service Temporarily Bans 'prescribed Fires' - May 12, CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/US/05/12/nmex.fires.03/index.html

U.S. News Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web U.S. TOP STORIES California braced for weekend of power scrounging Court order averts strike against Union Pacific railroad U.S. warning at Davos forum Two more Texas fugitives will contest extradition ... MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Davos protesters confront police California readies for weekend of power scrounging Capriati upsets Hingis to win Australian Open ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: U.S. Forest Service temporarily bans 'prescribed fires'

97. CNN.com - Nature - Forest Fire Smog Forces Indonesians To Don Breathing Masks - CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/NATURE/03/09/indonesia.fires/index.html

nature Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web NATURE TOP STORIES New hurdles hamper Galapagos oil spill cleanup Insight, Prius lead the hybrid-powered fleet Picture: Indonesia's Merapi volcano erupts MORE TOP STORIES Up to 2,000 killed in India quake; fear of aftershocks spreads Clinton aide denies reports of White House vandalism New hurdles hamper Galapagos oil-spill cleanup Two more Texas fugitives will contest extradition ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists. Enter your address: document.write(' '); Or: Get a free e-mail account E-MAIL DISCUSSION: message boards chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: AsiaNow Svenska Norge Danmark ... Italian FASTER ACCESS: europe japan TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: more networks transcripts SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: CNN e-store Forest fire smog forces Indonesians to don breathing masks From Jakarta Bureau Chief Maria Ressa March 9, 2000

98. CNN.com - Nature - Wildfires Ignite Forest Management Debate - August 16, 2000 CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/NATURE/08/16/forest.fires.enn/index.html

nature Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web NATURE TOP STORIES New hurdles hamper Galapagos oil spill cleanup Insight, Prius lead the hybrid-powered fleet Picture: Indonesia's Merapi volcano erupts MORE TOP STORIES Up to 2,000 killed in India quake; fear of aftershocks spreads Clinton aide denies reports of White House vandalism New hurdles hamper Galapagos oil-spill cleanup Two more Texas fugitives will contest extradition ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists. Enter your address: document.write(' '); Or: Get a free e-mail account E-MAIL DISCUSSION: message boards chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: AsiaNow Svenska Norge Danmark ... Italian FASTER ACCESS: europe japan TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: more networks transcripts SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: CNN e-store Wildfires ignite forest management debate Fire-ravaged areas of Laird Creek in the Valley Complex of Bitteroot National Forest in southwestern Montana, an area zigzagged with roads

99. Sierra Nevada Forest Fire Slows As Winds Ease CNN http://cnn.com/2001/US/06/20/western.fires.ap/index.html

100. Forest Service Is Scrambling To Find Enough Firefighters NY Times http://www.nytimes.com/library/national/081700forest-fires.html

August 17, 2000 Forest Service Is Scrambling to Find Enough Firefighters By THE NEW YORK TIMES Susana Raab for The New York Times Harry Croft is a deputy director at the United States Forest Service. WESTERN FIRES Related Articles Disaster Agency Promises Immediate Fire Aid (August 13, 2000) As Western Wildfires Rage, Assessing Blame Becomes a Central Issue (August 12, 2000) Wildfires Knock Out Major Power Lines to Pacific Northwest (August 11, 2000) Population Trends Heighten West's Fire Woes (August 10, 2000) Firefighters Feeling Strain Across West (August 9, 2000) Clinton Visits Idaho Site to Give Thanks and Aid (August 9, 2000) Idaho Governor Says Fires in West May Rage Till Fall (August 6, 2000) Forest Service: More Army troops, Canadians to Fight Western Fires (August 5, 2000) Parched U.S. Faces Worst Year for Fires Since Mid-80's (August 3, 2000) ASHINGTON, Aug. 16 Its bureaucracy stretched thin by the burdens of battling wildfires scorching the West, the United States Forest Service has begun bringing back retired workers, hiring employees' spouses and taking other unusual steps to increase the number of people available to fight the fires. The measures underscore longstanding concerns that the agency does not have enough trained staff to handle a summer with severe and widespread forest fires.

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