61. Terrorism In The Age Of Surveillance, 7/28/02 The foreign intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 prescribes procedures for requesting foreign intelligence Surveillance Court Opens Up, 8/27/02 http://www.ratical.org/ratville/CAH/FISAcourt.html

back to CAH ratville times rat haus Index ... ASCII text formats ) The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 prescribes procedures for requesting judicial authorization for electronic surveillance and physical search of persons engaged in espionage or international terrorism against the United States on behalf of a foreign power. Requests are adjudicated by a special eleven member court called the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court. See http://www.fas.org/irp/agency/doj/fisa/ for more information. FISA Court Decision by Paul Wolf, 2 September 2002 Date: Mon, 02 Sep 2002 11:17:31 -0400 Subject: FISA Court Decision Introduction Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court Opens Up Secret Court Decision Silently Overrules Provision of PATRIOT Act Balanced vs. Unbalanced Law Enforcement Introduction The May 2002 FISA court decision on the sharing of information gathered for foreign intelligence purposes with criminal investigators highlights the discriminatory and "unbalanced" effects of putting political and religious groups under surveillance. Under these rules, any evidence of a crime detected in an FBI intelligence investigation must be passed along to the criminal investigative division, which may open its own criminal investigation. While the FISA court was rightly concerned about criminal prosecutors "taking over" intelligence investigations and making use of the lower standards for wiretapping, etc., the court did not consider that even if the criminal investigators don't direct the investigations, the effect would still be to put a disproportionate amount of law enforcement pressure on the members of those groups.

62. CI CENTRE | Centre For Counterintelligence And Security Studies--Premiere Counte Identifying, penetrating and neutralizing the foreign intelligence activities directed against a country s national interests, values and objectives. http://www.cicentre.com/

The Centre for Counterintelligence and Security Studies (CI Centre)™ Counterintelligence Training, Analysis and Consulting Home About Us Staff Courses ... Contact Us CI Centre's Espionage Conference from 8-13 November 2005 will soon be booked due to the prime Fall Foliage location of with an interest in espionage cases and intelligence warfare. Don't miss this special event with top CI experts. Call us at 1-866-779-8735 and reserve your place with us today MORE INFORMATION CI Centre Training: Top-rated courses you need to help counter the threat of espionage and terrorism! more COURSE CATALOG CI Centre course Catalog available online TIMELINE The Espionage Wars: 'Operational Games' timeline poster. CI Centre's NEW counterintelligence timeline charting the dates of operational activity of US and Russian spy cases from 1950 to today. Read more and order the poster today . Only $9.95 RECENT ESPIONAGE CASES Larry Franklin Case NEW BOOKS The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World by Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin Engineering Communism : How Two Americans Spied for Stalin and Founded the Soviet Silicon Valley by Steven T. Usdin

63. CNN.com - The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court - August 23, 2002 The foreign intelligence Surveillance Court is a secret court that oversees spying in the United States. It was set up to oversee implementation of the http://archives.cnn.com/2002/LAW/08/23/inv.fisc.explainer/

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US/HELP CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International ... askCNN EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe CNNenEspanol.com CNNArabic.com ... set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW InStyle Business 2.0 dictionary The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court By Kelli Arena CNN Justice Correspondent WASHINGTON (CNN) The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court is a secret court that oversees spying in the United States. It was set up to oversee implementation of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA). Judges on that court ruled that the Justice Department is misinterpreting its new powers under the U.S.A. Patriot Act that Congress passed last October. The court said the Justice Department's plan to allow prosecutors to become involved in intelligence investigations goes too far. The court also mandated that whenever an intelligence official wants to talk with a prosecutor, a Justice Department lawyer must participate to ensure nothing improper is said. LEGAL RESOURCES Latest Legal News Law Library FindLaw Consumer Center Select a topic Bankruptcy Discrimination Divorce Estate Planning Landlord-Tenant Personal Injury Taxes The Justice Department has appealed the decision, saying the U.S.A. Patriot Act allows for a freer flow of communication between the intelligence side and the law enforcement/prosecution side.

64. SSRN-The System Of Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Law By Peter Swire SSRNThe System of foreign intelligence Surveillance Law by Peter Swire. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=586616

65. SSRN-The Lone Wolf Amendment And The Future Of Foreign Intelligence Surveillance SSRNThe Lone Wolf Amendment and the Future of foreign intelligence Surveillance Law by Patricia Bellia. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=714244

66. Cold War International History Project @ The Woodrow Wilson International Center New Evidence on Soviet foreign intelligence. January 15, 2005 (‘The foreign intelligence Service of Russia’) Saint Petersburg, Moscow, 2001. 511pp. http://wwics.si.edu/index.cfm?topic_id=1409&fuseaction=topics.item&news_id=10515

67. Advisory Notice 17 -- Information Security Resource Center The 1996 Law on foreign intelligence identifies four Russian agencies with foreign intelligence activities do not only target persons maintaining or http://www.pnl.gov/isrc/advisory-notices/advis17.stm

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY INFORMATION SECURITY RESOURCE CENTER PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LABORATORY ADVISORY NOTICE No. 17 April 28, 1997 RUSSIAN FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES SUMMARY In November 1996, the Information Security Resource Center (ISRC) released Advisory Notice No. 6, "Russian Intelligence Collection," concerning ongoing Russian intelligence collections activities impacting Department of Energy (DOE) and DOE contractor personnel and programs. Shortly afterward, Advisory Notice No. 7 addressed specific intelligence targeting risks associated with travel to Russia by DOE and DOE contractor personnel. This follow-on advisory provides additional background regarding Russian intelligence collection activities, about which security professionals across the DOE Complex need to remain aware. It is largely based upon a recent unclassified report from the Congressional Research Service (CRS) entitled "Russian Foreign Intelligence Capabilities." BACKGROUND According to the CRS, the Russian Federation continues to maintain an offensive foreign intelligence capability against the US and its allies. Foreign economic, military, and political developments remain primary targets of the Russian intelligence services. Particular emphasis has been placed upon commercial collection efforts to assist Russia's economic and technological development. Activities pertaining to foreign economic trends and scientific and technological developments are deemed to be legitimate targets for Russian intelligence collection, based upon the January 1996 Law on Foreign Intelligence, passed by the Russian Duma (Parliament).

68. MI5 > Security Advice > Espionage Note that foreign intelligence officers will often attend trade fairs and Be alert to other techniques used by foreign intelligence services to recruit http://www.mi5.gov.uk/output/Page234.html

Sitemap Search What's New Contact Us ... ABOUT MI5 ESPIONAGE: OPERATING TECHNIQUES As outlined in The Threats section, foreign intelligence services can obtain sensitive information in a range of ways. General awareness of their common operating techniques, known as "tradecraft", will help you spot their activities and counter them. Note that foreign intelligence officers will often attend trade fairs and exhibitions in order to establish contact with representatives of companies in which they are interested. They may subsequently "cold call" the company and use the name of the person they met at the event, or which they found in the company's literature, in the hope of "recruiting" individuals and obtaining further information. Be alert to other techniques used by foreign intelligence services to recruit individuals of interest to them. The intelligence officer will typically seek to develop a social relationship with their target, for example by extending an invitation to meet in a local pub or restaurant or by joining a club or social activity with which he/she is involved. Conversation will appear innocent, but is likely to focus on your line of work, where you live, and your domestic circumstances. Establishing a secure means of communication with the target will be a priority, and, as the relationship develops, the intelligence officer will demonstrate a preference for face-to-face meetings. Make sure that your Security Co-ordinator is informed in advance of any visits or approaches by foreign nationals.

69. Human Rights First | Us Law & Security | Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act ( Human Rights First is a human rights advocacy group working on issues related to refugees, civil liberties after September 11, the prosecution of war http://www.humanrightsfirst.org/us_law/privacy/fisa.htm

In the Courts Security Detainees / Enemy Combatants Military Commissions Open Government ... Commentary Intelligence and Privacy Expansion of Powers Under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) BACKGROUND TO FISA Congress enacted the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) in 1978 to create a separate legal regime for the gathering of foreign intelligence information, as opposed to domestic law enforcement information. FISA grants the FBI exceptional powers to monitor foreign powers and their suspected agents in counterintelligence operations within the United States. In using these powers, the FBI is exempt from the traditional Fourth Amendment requirements applicable to criminal investigations. Under FISA, for example, the FBI submits warrant applications to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, a secret court that hears the government's applications ex parte (hearing one side only). In order to obtain warrants under FISA, moreover, the government does not have to demonstrate probable cause of a crime. Instead, the FBI must demonstrate only that there is probable cause to believe that the target of the surveillance is an agent of a foreign power.

70. BeSpacific: Recent CRS Reports On Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act The foreign intelligence Surveillance Act An Overview of the Statutory Framework and Recent Judicial Decisions, updated September 22, 2004 (90 pages, PDF) http://www.bespacific.com/mt/archives/006786.html

SEARCH: Main October 07, 2004 Recent CRS Reports on Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act From Steven Aftergood and the Federation of American Scientists , the following links: The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: An Overview of the Statutory Framework and Recent Judicial Decisions , updated September 22, 2004 (90 pages, PDF) Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: Selected Legislation from the 108th Congress , updated September 30, 2004 Permanent Link Topic(s): Government Documents Legal Research

71. Frequently Asked Questions - SI What does production of foreign intelligence information mean? foreign intelligence means information relating to the capabilities, intentions, http://www.nsa.gov/about/about00020.cfm

@import url(/styles/advanced.css); @import url(/about/styles/aboutnsa_advanced.css); @import url(/about/styles/aboutnsa_site_menu.css); @import url(/about/styles/aboutnsa_section_menu.css); @import url(/styles/content.css); Skip top menus Home About NSA Research ... Contacts Signals Intelligence Search What's new? What is SIGINT? What does production of foreign intelligence information mean? Does NSA/CSS unconstitutionally spy on Americans? ... Does NSA/CSS have internal oversight? What is SIGINT? Signals Intelligence is technical and intelligence information derived from the exploitation of foreign electronic emissions which is comprised either individually or in combination of communications intelligence (COMINT), electronic intelligence (ELINT), and foreign instrumentation signals intelligence (FISINT). Return to top What do you mean by production of foreign intelligence information? Executive Order 12333 authorizes agencies of the intelligence community to produce foreign intelligence and foreign counterintelligence consistent with applicable U.S. law and with full consideration of the rights of United States persons. The Order defines "foreign intelligence" and "counterintelligence" as follows:

72. FISA The foreign intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) was passed in 1978 as In May 2002, the foreign intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC) rejected and http://www.cnss.org/fisa short.htm

Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) was passed in 1978 as Public Law 95-511 and has since been amended several times. FISA represented a compromise between the civil liberties community and the Executive intended to authorize lower standards for foreign intelligence surveillance while requiring outside judicial oversight and other safeguards. 1994 Extension to Physical Searches (Public Law 103-359): In 1994, the FISA, which at its passage only authorized electronic surveillance, was extended to authorize secret physical searches of Americans' homes and offices. The civil liberties community objected that the extension was unconstitutional, but the Justice Department argued that it was better to have such searches authorized by the FISA court than carried out solely on the signature of the Attorney General as had occurred in the investigation of Aldrich Ames. In the summer of 1994 the House Intelligence committee held a hearing to consider the Administration's proposal to extend FISA to include physical searches. Testimony by Kate Martin, Director of CNSS

73. Richelson,J. Foreign Intelligence Organizations. 1988 Richelson, Jeffrey T. foreign intelligence Organizations. foreign intelligence Organizations treats some the topics not covered earlier. http://www.namebase.org/sources/NG.html

Richelson, Jeffrey T. Foreign Intelligence Organizations. Cambridge MA: Ballinger Publishing, 1988. 331 pages. Richelson has written several books about the U.S. and Soviet intelligence services, and one on cooperation between the services of the U.S., U.K., Australia, Canada, and New Zealand (The Ties That Bind, with co-author Desmond Ball, 1985). "Foreign Intelligence Organizations" treats some the topics not covered earlier. It offers organization-chart overviews of the services of several countries, and summaries of some of the current issues. Included are the United Kingdom (GCHQ, SIS, MI5, DIS, Special Branch); Canada (RCMP, CSIS, CSE, FIB); Italy (SISDE, SISMI, and the P2 problem); West Germany (Nazis, Gehlen, BND, BfV); France (SDECE, DGSE, DST, and the Rainbow Warrior scandal), Israel (Mossad, Aman, Shin Bet, Lakam); Japan (Naicho, PSIA, commercial trade intelligence); and China (ILD, UFWD, MSS, MID, New China News Agency). China wins the award for domestic repression, and Italy comes in second with their neo-fascist plots and terrorism that they blame on the Left. (Italy's intelligence services are better-behaved than the Mafia, but not by much.) In the international dirty tricks department, little Israel probably wins on a per capita basis, but then the U.S., Soviets, Libya, and Iran aren't considered. This book includes almost 900 endnotes. ISBN 0-88730-122-3 This book was recently listed at UsedBookCentral.com

74. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: Selected Legislation From The 108th Congr foreign intelligence Surveillance Act Selected Legislation from the 108th Congress. http//www.fas.org/sgp/crs/intel/RL32608.pdf http://fpc.state.gov/fpc/43742.htm

Foreign Press Centers Reports Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue Briefs 2005 Reports ... January Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: Selected Legislation from the 108th Congress http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/intel/RL32608.pdf This site is managed by the Bureau of Public Affairs, U.S. Department of State. External links to other Internet sites should not be construed as an endorsement of the views or privacy policies contained therein.

75. Totse.com | BCCI, The CIA And Foreign Intelligence totse.org BCCI, The CIA and foreign intelligence - The relationships involving BCCI, the CIA, and members of the United States and foreign intelligence http://www.totse.com/en/politics/central_intelligence_agency/161758.html

Your Ad Here About Community Bad Ideas ... ABOUT BCCI, The CIA and Foreign Intelligence BCCI, THE CIA AND FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE Introduction The relationships involving BCCI, the CIA, and members of the United States and foreign intelligence communities have been among the most perplexing aspects of understanding the rise and fall of BCCI. The CIA's and BCCI's mutual environments of secrecy have been one obvious obstacle For many months, the CIA resisted providing information to the Subcommittee about its involvement with and knowledge of BCCI. Moreover, key players who might explain these relationships are unavailable Some, including former CIA director William Casey, and BCCI customers and Iranian arms dealers Ben Banerjee and Cyrus Hashemi, are dead. Others, including most of BCCI's key insiders, remain held incommunicado in Abu Dhabi. While promising in public hearings to provide full cooperation to the Subcommittee, to date the Abu Dhabi government has refused to make any BCCI officers available for interview by the Subcommittee Former BCCI chairman Agha Hasan Abedi remains severely incapacitated due to a heart attack. Finally, some persons in a position to know portions of the truth have denied having any memory of events in which they participated and of documents which they reviewed.

76. Warblogging.com: Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court Of Review Upholds USA P A special, secretive appeals court the foreign intelligence The rulings of the foreign intelligence Surveillance Court regarding wiretaps will be http://www.warblogging.com/archives/000331.php

@import "/includes/style.css"; Warblogging.com Front Page War Stories Index of Evil Counts ... About November 18, 2002 Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review Upholds USA Patriot Act in Secret Proceedings "A special, secretive appeals court" the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review has ruled that broader wiretap powers allowed by the USA Patriot Act are legal, Reuters reports . In so ruling the court overturns an earlier May opinion by the FISA Court which ruled that the USA Patriot Act's language didn't give the government expanded wiretap rights the seven members of the FISA Court unanimously ruled that the DoJ went too far in interperting the Act. The appeals court, however, said " We think the procedures and government showings required under FISA, if they do not meet the minimum Fourth Amendment warrant standards, certainly come close. " That certainly makes me feel better. This court is so confident that the Patriot Act is legal that it says that it at least "comes close" to being legal. And so uphold the law! What more blatant an admission do you need?

77. Helsingin Sanomat - International Edition - Foreign foreign intelligence gathering in Finland is increasing As before, foreign intelligence gathering focused on Finland s security policy, EU issues, http://www.helsinginsanomat.fi/english/article/1101979098095

Verkkoliite Nyt Oikotie Advertising Information ... Sanoma Corporation International Edition HELSINGIN SANOMAT INTERNATIONAL EDITION - FOREIGN You arrived here at 20:55 Helsinki time Wednesday 21.9.2005 HOME ARCHIVE ABOUT SUOMEKSI - ... IN FINNISH Foreign intelligence gathering in Finland is increasing Security Police issue annual report for 2004 Hannu Moilanen print this In its annual report for 2004, the Finnish Security Police (SUPO) says that foreign intelligence gathering in Finland last year continued more actively than in recent previous years, and that the methods used bring back memories of the negative surveillance activities conducted in Finland in the past. As before, foreign intelligence gathering focused on Finland's security policy, EU issues, and international economic matters, as well as on civil and military technology. According to the deputy head of SUPO, Hannu Moilanen , "Such negative methods imply that the use of traditional secret surveillance activities has increased and that even money has been used to gather information. Just the way it used to be a long time ago". SUPO's annual report states that typically, a foreign intelligence service gathers the basic information about a target by open contacts and from public sources, whereas more in-depth information can only be reached through confidential contacts or accomplices who have access to useful know-how. This kind of information includes political inside knowledge, military plans, and authorities' operational routines, as well as corporate secrets.

78. U.S. Code section 101 of the foreign intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978, communications, or foreign intelligence activities conducted in http://www.bowie-jensen.com/computerlaw/18usc2511.html

-CITE- 18 USC Sec. 2511 01/06/97 -EXPCITE- TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE PART I - CRIMES CHAPTER 119 - WIRE AND ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS INTERCEPTION AND INTERCEPTION OF ORAL COMMUNICATIONS -HEAD- Sec. 2511. Interception and disclosure of wire, oral, or electronic communications prohibited -STATUTE- (1) Except as otherwise specifically provided in this chapter any person who - (a) intentionally intercepts, endeavors to intercept, or procures any other person to intercept or endeavor to intercept, any wire, oral, or electronic communication; (b) intentionally uses, endeavors to use, or procures any other person to use or endeavor to use any electronic, mechanical, or other device to intercept any oral communication when - (i) such device is affixed to, or otherwise transmits a signal through, a wire, cable, or other like connection used in wire communication; or

79. Executive Order 11905: United States Foreign Intelligence Activities (d) National foreign intelligence Program means the programs of the Central Intelligence (1) There is established the Committee on foreign intelligence http://www.ford.utexas.edu/library/speeches/760110e.htm

President Gerald R. Ford's Executive Order 11905: United States Foreign Intelligence Activities February 18, 1976 Jump to the section banning political assassination [Text from the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents , Vol. 12, No. 8, February 23, 1976] By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and statutes of the United States, including the National Security Act of 1947, as amended, and as President of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered as follows: Table of Contents PURPOSE DEFINITIONS CONTROL AND DIRECTION OF INTELLIGENCE ORGANIZATIONS (a) National Security Council (b) Committee on Foreign Intelligence (c) Operations Advisory Group (d) Director of Central Intelligence RESPONSIBILITIES AND DUTIES OF THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY (a) Senior Official of Each Organization of the Intelligence Community (b) Central Intelligence Agency (c) Department of State (d) Department of the Treasury (e) Department of Defense (f) Energy Research and Development Administration (g) Federal Bureau of Investigation RESTRICTIONS ON INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES OVERSIGHT OF INTELLIGENCE ORGANIZATIONS SECRECY PROTECTION ... ENABLING DATA SECTION Purpose. The purpose of this Order is to establish policies to improve the quality of intelligence needed for national security, to clarify the authority and responsibilities of the intelligence departments and agencies, and to establish effective oversight to assure compliance with law in the management and direction of intelligence agencies and departments of the national government.

80. The Institute Of World Politics > Comparative Intelligence Systems: Foreign Inte Comparative Intelligence Systems foreign intelligence and Security Cultures of the intelligence and security systems of selected foreign countries as http://www.iwp.edu/programs/courseID.35/course_detail.asp

Programs 2005 Calendar Accreditation Course List Comparative Intelligence Systems: Foreign Intelligence and Security Cultures This course is designed to give the student a comprehensive understanding of the intelligence and security systems of selected foreign countries as contrasted with the intelligence culture and traditions of the United States. The course examines the unique history, traditions, and cultures of intelligence and counterintelligence, systems of several differing states (China, East Germany, Russia, the United Kingdom, and Israel), compares them to the U.S. experience, and shows how these intelligence cultures influence the domestic and foreign policies, strategies, and general behavior of the countries in question. Semester Available Fall Semester Pre-requisites Intelligence and Policy Principal Professor David L. Thomas Department of Defense About IWP Support IWP Contact IWP Media Request ... The Institute of World Politics

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