41. Entrez PubMed University students dental health service in finland history, organization, program, and finances. A brief review. RANTANEN AV. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1

42. History — Virtual Finland finland s policy of neutrality successfully fulfilled its task. Main outlines of Finnish history The major milestones on the road from Swedish province http://virtual.finland.fi/History/

Search: History The Economy Foreign Policy Media ... Site map Picture Book A magnificent collection of images from the cameras of many fine photo-graphers. Urban and country scenes, some on aerial video - winners all. Main page : History History Independent since 1917 and now a member of the European Union, Finland was part of the Swedish realm for some 600 years up to 1809 and then attached to the Russian empire for just over a century. Topical Finnish Neutrality Policy during the Cold War Finland's policy of neutrality successfully fulfilled its task Top Story Suomenlinna - Finland's treasured island fortress Like a journey through the past Historical timelines Main outlines of Finnish history The major milestones on the road from Swedish province to Russian duchy to affluent EU member Chronology of Finnish history Prehistory Many Karelias Finland's Leap into Democracy World War II Defensive victory led the way to peace Finland, Stalin and Germany in the 1930s Lessons of the Winter War The Kämp Hotel press room Related sites: C. G. Mannerheim - Marshal of Finland

43. Main Outlines Of Finnish History — Virtual Finland Main outlines of Finnish history. Written for Virtual finland byby Dr. Seppo Zetterberg, professor of history, University of Jyväskylä http://virtual.finland.fi/netcomm/news/showarticle.asp?intNWSAID=25909

44. History Of Finland (the S.c.nordic FAQ) The Nordic FAQ Frequently Answered Questions in the Usenet newsgroup soc.culture.nordic. http://www.lysator.liu.se/nordic/scn/faq43.html

The home pages for the Usenet newsgroup soc.culture.nordic [ This page was initially edited in a version suitable to get printed [ Check if Lysator's faster www-server is up and running? ] Finland History of Finland Subject: 4.3 History 4.3.1 A chronology of important dates (A brief chronicle is to find in the section 4.3.3 (for the period 1155-1809, see also the Swedish history section The First Crusade to Finland, launched by Swedes and led by the English bishop Henry and the Swedish king Erik (later canonized and made Sweden's patron saint, St.Erik, and Finland's patron saint, St.Henry, respectively ). According to the legend, bishop Henry is murdered by the peasant Lalli on the frozen surface of lake Köyliö. The bishop's seat is moved from Nousiainen to Koroinen in the vicinity of modern Turku; the year is considered to be the founding year of Turku, which becomes the capital of the eastern half of the kingdom. After a pagan uprising, the Second Crusade to Tavastia (a province of western/central Finland) is launched by Birger Jarl and the pagans are defeated. The Third Crusade by Sweden's marsk Torgils Knutsson to Karelia, a province of eastern Finland, establishes the borderline between Catholic West and Orthodox East for the centuries to come. The castle and town of Viipuri/Viborg are founded to defend the border.

45. Www.iue.it/LIB/SISSCO/VL/hist-finland/Index.html Encyclopedia finland/historyAn important part of the 16th century history in finland was growth of the area settled by farming population. The crown encouraged farmers from the Savo http://www.iue.it/LIB/SISSCO/VL/hist-finland/Index.html

46. Detailed Country Profile: Finland Finns history of finland Gulf of finland Finnish sauna Neil Finn Finnish 200503-03 205324, finland makes NOKIA cell phones http://www.nationmaster.com/country/fi

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Factoid #30 Want your kids to stay in school ? Send them to Norway Interesting Facts Make your own graph: Hold down Control and click on several. Compare All Top 5 Top 10 Top 20 Top 50 Top 100 Bottom 100 Bottom 20 Bottom 10 Bottom 5 All (desc) in category: Select Category Agriculture Crime Currency Democracy Disasters Economy Education Energy Environment Food Geography Government Health Identification Immigration Industry Internet Labor Language Lifestyle Media Military Mortality People Religion Sports Taxation Transportation with statistic: view: Correlations Printable graph / table Pie chart Scatterplot with ... * Asterisk means graphable. Europe Finland View full size Facts and figures: Age distribution Agriculture Background Crime ... Transportation Lists and articles: Companies Flag Music Provinces ... Finland is a country in North Europe and is member of the European Union . The main religion is christianity. The main languages are Finnish and Swedish Finland seceded from Russia in 1917. The country is a parliamentary democratic republic. The archipelage of Aland, mainly inhabited by Swedish speaking Finns , has self government Background Finland was a province and then a grand duchy under Sweden from the 12th to the 19th centuries and an autonomous grand duchy of Russia after 1809. It finally won its complete

47. Finland - History 1 For most of its modern history, finland has been a battleground of Scandinavia. 3 From the earliest times of finland s history, Sweden, to finland s http://www.edhelper.com/ReadingComprehension_Geography_226_1.html

Sample Finland - History Worksheet Reading Comprehension Worksheets edHelper.com Subscribers: Build a printable worksheet with the complete story and puzzles Build a proofreading activity With just one subscription, you will have access to the math, spelling, vocabulary, and critical thinking worksheets! Sign up now for the subscriber materials! Finland - History By Ekaterina Zhdanova-Redman For most of its modern history, Finland has been a battleground of Scandinavia. Its location between Sweden and Russia kept it at the center of conflict for many years. Its location also meant that for much of its history, it would be ruled by either Sweden or Russia. It has been only in the last 100 years that Finland has enjoyed true independence. The history of people in Finland goes all the way back to when the country was covered in ice. In 8,000 BC, the ice started melting (in the south at first) revealing land suitable for humans. According to Finnish tradition, tribes began moving into Finland around this time. The ancestors of modern-day Finland moved into the area from present-day Russia and Estonia between 3,000 BC and the first century AD. From the earliest times of Finland's history, Sweden, to Finland's west, and Russia, to Finland's east, wanted to control Finland and its people, the Finns. During the years of the Swedish Vikings (800-1050) the Swedes first met the Finns, and first got the idea that they'd like to rule Finland. But so did the Russians, and in the 13th century, the Russians and the Swedes went to war over (and in) Finland. By the war's end in 1323, the Russians had managed to hold on to some land in Finland, but the Swedes took control of most of the rest of Finland. The Swedes ruled Finland for almost 500 years.

48. Statistics Finland - About Statistics Finland - History history. kuva. The Statistical Office of finland, EteläEsplanadi, Helsinki, in 1921. The persons in the picture from left to right are Tekla Hultin, http://www.stat.fi/tk/tp/tkesittely_historia_en.html

Back to start page From the Director General Contact information Organisation ... Customer service principles History The Statistical Office of Finland, Etelä-Esplanadi, Helsinki, in 1921. The persons in the picture from left to right are Tekla Hultin, Arne G. Varonen, G. Modeen, Eino Kärki, Arvi Raivio, Valter Lindberg, A. E. Tudeer, I. Varpela. The origins of a statistical organisation in Finland date back to the mid-18th century when Finland was under Swedish rule and the Tabellverket (Tables Office) was set up in Sweden for the purpose of keeping population statistics. This marked the beginning of the world's longest, continuous population statistics. The founding of an independent Statistical Office of Finland on 4 October 1865 is regarded as the start of the history of Statistics Finland. State descriptions for rulers on conditions in different countries, the origin of statistics Tabellverket is established in Sweden The first Finnish population statistics are compiled The Statistical Office of Finland is founded on 4 October The first Statistical Yearbook of Finland is published Calculation of gross national income begins in Finland The Statistical Office of Finland is renamed Statistics Finland Finland becomes the second country in the world to draw a register-based Population Census European Union membership increases the international element in Finnish statistics Statistics Finland becomes the first statistical organisation in Europe to launch its online service on the Internet Archives of Statistics Updated 13.6.2003

49. Statistics Finland - History history. The origins of a statistical organisation in finland date back to the mid18th century when finland was under Swedish rule and the Tabellverket http://www.stat.fi/org/historia/index_en.html

Organisation History History: First page Contact information History The origins of a statistical organisation in Finland date back to the mid-18th century when Finland was under Swedish rule and the Tabellverket (Tables Office) was set up in Sweden for the purpose of keeping population statistics. This marked the beginning of the world's longest, continuous population statistics. The founding of an independent Statistical Office of Finland on 4 October 1865 is regarded as the start of the history of Statistics Finland. State descriptions for rulers on conditions in different countries, the origin of statistics Tabellverket is established in Sweden The first Finnish population statistics are compiled The Statistical Office of Finland is founded on 4 October The first Statistical Yearbook of Finland is published Calculation of gross national income begins in Finland The Statistical Office of Finland is renamed Statistics Finland Finland becomes the second country in the world to draw a register-based Population Census European Union membership increases the international element in Finnish statistics Statistics Finland becomes the first statistical organisation in Europe to launch its online service on the Internet Last updated Statistics Finland Telephone +358 9 17341 Contact information

50. Järvi-Espoon Eräpartiolaiset Ry Includes program information, history, contacts, and events. http://www.lpk.partio.fi/papa/jarea/

51. Southern Finland - History And Heritage finland.com All about finland finland.com main page Coming to finland Nature attractions / Craft centres and special shops / history and heritage http://www.finland.com/catr-Sights-cat-History and heritage-sub-Southern Finland

Finland.com main page Coming to Finland Getting around Accommodation ... Free brochures SEARCH Type a searchword or part of it SOUTHERN FINLAND Articles ( 1 ) Helsinki Main Sights Despite of the fact that Helsinki is a capital city situated in the very north of Europe and Scandinavia, there is lots to see in the city. The arctic scenery has inspired architectures and artists for centuries. SEARCH RESULTS: SIGHTS Search result pages: SIGHTS Birthplace of Jean Sibelius t. +358 (0)3-621-2977 f. +358 (0)3-621-2960 historiallinenmuseo@hameenlinna.fi History and Heritage Kuusisto Castle and Manor t. +358 2 255 7038 / +358 40 521 4979 History and heritage Louhisaari Manor Louhisaarentie 244 , 21240 Askainen t. +358 2 431 2555 f. +358 2 435 8056 Museums / History and heritage SAGALUND MUSEUM t. +358 (0)2-421 738 f. +358 (0) info@sagalund.fi History and Heritage History and heritage Ahola t. +358 (0)9-2719 2212 f. +358 (0)9-2719 2791

52. Western Finland - History And Heritage finland.com All about finland finland.com main page Coming to finland Getting around +358 8 817 0494 kierikki@kierikki.fi history and heritage http://www.finland.com/catr-Sights-cat-History and heritage-sub-Western Finland-

Finland.com main page Coming to Finland Getting around Accommodation ... Free brochures SEARCH Type a searchword or part of it WESTERN FINLAND Articles ( 1 ) Helsinki Main Sights Despite of the fact that Helsinki is a capital city situated in the very north of Europe and Scandinavia, there is lots to see in the city. The arctic scenery has inspired architectures and artists for centuries. SEARCH RESULTS: SIGHTS Search result pages: SIGHTS Kierikki the Stone Age Centre Yli-Iin kunta , 91200 Yli-Ii t. +358 8 817 0490 f. +358 8 817 0494 kierikki@kierikki.fi History and heritage The Historical Museum of the town of Kokkola History and Heritage "Laughing Dragon", the Information Centre of Prehistory, Eura Eurantie 18 , 27510 EURA t. +358 (0)2-839 901 f. +358 (0)2-8399 0330 sini.mannisto@eura.fi History and Heritage A Steam-Engine from the year 1888 t. +358 (0)2-559 1244 f. +358 (0)2-559 1344 tapani.rihtimaki@kullaa.fi

53. AllRefer.com - Finland : History : Early History To Independence, Scandinavia (S AllRefer.com reference and encyclopedia resource provides complete information on finland history Early history to Independence, Scandinavian Political http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/F/Finland-history.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather September 21, 2005 Medicine People Places History ... Maps Web AllRefer.com You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia Scandinavian Political Geography ... Finland By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z F Finland, Scandinavian Political Geography Related Category: Scandinavian Political Geography Finland, Finnish Suomi E Pronunciation Key History- Early History to Independence Finland's first inhabitants, dating from about 7000 B.C. , probably followed the melting ice northward, attracted by a good supply of game. The first Finnish-speaking persons to enter the region, who were mostly nomadic hunters and fishers, migrated into Finland from the south. By the 8th cent. they had displaced the small number of Lapps who lived in central and S Finland and who were forced to move to the far north of the country, where they live today. The Finns were organized in small-scale political units, with only loose ties beyond the clan level. From the 11th cent. Christian missionaries were active in Finland. In the 13th cent. Sweden conquered the country. Under the Swedes, Finland enjoyed considerable independence, its political sophistication grew, commerce increased, and the Swedish language and culture were spread. In the mid-16th cent. Lutheranism was established in Finland, and in 1581 the country was raised to the rank of grand duchy. Finland suffered severely in the recurring wars between Sweden and Russia. In 1696 famine wiped out almost a third of the population. By the Treaty of Nystad (1721), which ended the

54. AllRefer.com - Finland - Historical Setting | Finnish Information Resource finland Introduction finland - history Historical Setting finland - ORIGINS OF THE FINNS finland - THE ERA OF SWEDISH RULE, c. 1150-1809 http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/finland/finland12.html

You are here allRefer Reference Finland History ... Finland Finland Historical Setting Fifteenth-century Olavinlinna Fortress in Savonlinna THE SIGNAL ACHIEVEMENT OF FINLAND has been its survival against great oddsagainst a harsh climate, physical and cultural isolation, and international dangers. Finland lies at higher latitudes than any other country in the world, and the punishing northern climate has complicated life there considerably. Geographically, Finland is on the remote northern periphery, far from the mass of Europe, yet near two larger states, Sweden and Russialater the Soviet Union, which have drawn it into innumerable wars and have dominated its development (see Finland - fig. 1 At the beginning of its recorded history, in the eleventh century A.D., Finland was conquered by its powerful neighbor, Sweden. Christianization and more than 600 years of Swedish rule (c. 1150-1809) made the Finns an essentially West European people, integrated into the religion, culture, economics, and politics of European civilization. The Finns have, however, maintained their own language, which is complex and is not related to most other European languages. The centuries of Swedish rule witnessed Finland's increasing involvement in European politics, particularly when the country served as a battleground between Sweden on the west and Russia on the east. Over the centuries, Russia has exerted an especially persistent and powerful pressure on Finland. Many wars were fought between Swedes and Finns on the one side and Russians on the other. Eventually, Russia conquered Finland and incorporated it into the Russian Empire, where it remained for more than a century, from 1809 to 1917.

55. Local Finland - History history. 1865–1873 First local elections, which lay the foundation for local 1917–1919 Upon finland’s independence, new legislation pertaining to http://www.kunnat.net/k_perussivu.asp?path=1;161;279;280;37560

56. History — Virtual Finland A selection of illustrated articles on the history of finland written by leading academic experts http://virtual.finland.fi/finfo/english/hist.html

Search: History The Economy Foreign Policy Media ... Site map Picture Book A magnificent collection of images from the cameras of many fine photo-graphers. Urban and country scenes, some on aerial video - winners all. Main page : History History Independent since 1917 and now a member of the European Union, Finland was part of the Swedish realm for some 600 years up to 1809 and then attached to the Russian empire for just over a century. Topical Finnish Neutrality Policy during the Cold War Finland's policy of neutrality successfully fulfilled its task Top Story Suomenlinna - Finland's treasured island fortress Like a journey through the past Historical timelines Main outlines of Finnish history The major milestones on the road from Swedish province to Russian duchy to affluent EU member Chronology of Finnish history Prehistory Many Karelias Finland's Leap into Democracy World War II Defensive victory led the way to peace Finland, Stalin and Germany in the 1930s Lessons of the Winter War The Kämp Hotel press room Related sites: C. G. Mannerheim - Marshal of Finland

57. Finland - History finland HAS BEEN THE SITE of human habitation since the last ice age ended The first dates in Finnish history are connected with the Swedish crusade of http://countrystudies.us/finland/3.htm

History Finland Table of Contents FINLAND HAS BEEN THE SITE of human habitation since the last ice age ended 10,000 years ago. When the first Swedish-speaking settlers arrived in the ninth century, the country was home to people speaking languages belonging to the distinctive Finno- Ugric linguistic group, unrelated to the more prevalent Indo- European language family. The first dates in Finnish history are connected with the Swedish crusade of the 1150s that, according to legend, aimed at conquering the "heathen" Finns and converting them to Christianity. There was, however, no Swedish conquest of Finland. The bodies of water that lay between Finland and Sweden, rather than making them enemies or separating them, brought them together. Trade and settlement between the two areas intensified, and a political entity, the dual kingdom of Sweden-Finland, gradually evolved. During the seven centuries of Swedish rule, Finland was brought more and more into the kingdom's administrative system. Finland's ruling elite, invariably drawn from the country's Swedish-speaking inhabitants, traveled to Stockholm to participate in the Diet of the Four Estates and to help manage the kingdom's affairs. Swedish became the language of law and commerce in Finland; Finnish was spoken by the peasantry living away from the coasts. The clergy (Lutheran after the Protestant Reformation), who needed to communicate with their parishioners, were the only members of the educated classes likely to know Finnish well.

58. Itella Finland - History history of Itella. 9.2.2005 the name Atkos Ltd is officially changed to Itella finland Ltd. 2004. The Electronic Messaging business unit of finland Post http://www.itella.fi/ilwww/finland/en/About_Itella/History/

About Itella Strategy and Values Business Areas History ... Partner Information Itella History Launch of the joint marketing name Itella The Electronic Messaging business unit of Finland Post changes its name to Information Logistics. Finland Post purchases Elma Electronic Trading. The Electronic Messaging services of Finland Post are transferred to Atkos. Atkos Printmail becomes Atkos Ltd in December. Atkos Printmail is entirely acquired by Finland Post. Atkos Printmail purchases the Tampere-based company Postlink Ltd. Finland Post sets up its Electronic Messaging business unit. Nordic Printmail purchases Atkos Ltd, a direct-mail advertising company established in 1970, and its name is changed to Atkos Printmail Oy. Finland Post starts to invest in electronic invoicing and transactions. Finland Post and Tieto establish Nordic Printmail Ltd, which takes over the printing operations of Finland Post and Tieto. Finland Post starts to develop EDI-conversion services. Finland Post starts to develop eLetter and printing services. Finland Post starts mailing operations.

59. Finland - HISTORY For much of its history, finland had been a poor country, For most of finland s history, the country had lived on the periphery of world events, http://www.mongabay.com/reference/country_studies/finland/HISTORY.html

COUNTRY STUDIES Finland - HISTORY Finland - History FINLAND HAS BEEN THE SITE of human habitation since the last ice age ended 10,000 years ago. When the first Swedish-speaking settlers arrived in the ninth century, the country was home to people speaking languages belonging to the distinctive Finno- Ugric linguistic group, unrelated to the more prevalent Indo- European language family. The first dates in Finnish history are connected with the Swedish crusade of the 1150s that, according to legend, aimed at conquering the "heathen" Finns and converting them to Christianity. There was, however, no Swedish conquest of Finland. The bodies of water that lay between Finland and Sweden, rather than making them enemies or separating them, brought them together. Trade and settlement between the two areas intensified, and a political entity, the dual kingdom of Sweden-Finland, gradually evolved. During the seven centuries of Swedish rule, Finland was brought more and more into the kingdom's administrative system. Finland's ruling elite, invariably drawn from the country's Swedish-speaking inhabitants, traveled to Stockholm to participate in the Diet of the Four Estates and to help manage the kingdom's affairs. Swedish became the language of law and commerce in Finland; Finnish was spoken by the peasantry living away from the coasts. The clergy (Lutheran after the Protestant Reformation), who needed to communicate with their parishioners, were the only members of the educated classes likely to know Finnish well.

60. Medieval Castles — Virtual Finland Beautiful photographs from Virtual finland, with readable history by Dr. Carl Jacob Gardberg, State archaeologist. http://virtual.finland.fi/finfo/english/castles.html

Search: History The Economy Foreign Policy Media ... Site map Picture Book A magnificent collection of images from the cameras of many fine photo-graphers. Urban and country scenes, some on aerial video - winners all. Main page History : Medieval castles Medieval castles Written for Virtual Finland by Dr. Carl Jacob Gardberg, State archeologist Olavinlinna Castle In Finnish history, the prehistoric era is generally considered to end and the Middle Ages to begin in the 1150s, when, according to a Swedish chronicle, King Erik of Sweden and English-born Bishop Henry undertook a crusade to the southwestern parts of Finland. The chronicle's claim that the Bishop 'baptized' the Finns has later been modified. Archaeological finds have shown that Christianity had reached the Finns as early as the eleventh century, and the main purpose of the crusade was thus to establish Swedish dominion in Finland and organize a bishopric there. © Helmi Hämeenlinna, painting by Pehr Adolf Kruskopf, 1837 Thus the Swedes consolidated their power east of the à land sea through three crusades. After each crusade, a castle was built to serve both defensive and administrative purposes. Turku castle was built at the mouth of the Aura river in southwest Finland, by the city of Turku, the foremost town in Finland up to the beginning of the 19th century. Häme castle in Häme was built after the second crusade. The third crusade led to the building of Viborg castle, on an island in the Gulf of Finland off the coast of Karelia. These three castles became the centres of three provinces discernible as early as the Iron Age, called Finland, Häme and Karelia. The name 'Finland' only meant the settlements in the southwestern parts of the country as late as the early Middle Ages.

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