81. Fennia - International Journal Of Geography Editorial address. Department of geography, FIN00014 University of Turku, finland.Tel. +358 - 2 - 33351, Fax. +358 - 2 - 3335896 http://www.helsinki.fi/maantiede/geofi/fennia/Fennia_178_1.html

Home Editorial staff Abstracts Instructions for contributors ... Geographical society of Finland Fennia vol. 178:1 Landscape differences - different landscapes Andersson, Harri (2000). Landscape differences - different landscapes. Fennia Harri Andersson, Department of Geography, University of Turku, FIN - 20014 Turku, Finland. MS. received 15th March, 2000 (revised 5th May, 2000). Sustainable development and sustainable landscapes: defining a new paradigm for landscape ecology Haines-Young, Roy (2000). Sustainable development and sustainable landscapes: defining a new paradigm for landscape ecology. Fennia 178: 1, pp. 7-14. Helsinki. ISSN 0015-0010. This essay describes a new paradigm for landscape ecology based on the concept of natural capital. These ideas are used to explore what we mean by the term sustainability in a landscape context, and to show how the scientific and cultural traditions of landscape ecology can be more effectively combined when we seek to manage such landscapes. It is suggested that when dealing with the problem of landscape sustainability we must recognise that in any situation there are a whole set of landscapes that are more or less sustainable, in terms of the outputs of goods and services that are important for people. Our aim should be to define the limits of this set, by understanding the ecological functions associated with landscape and the impact of change processes upon them.

82. University Of Helsinki - Department Of Geography - Human Geography - Kaisa Kepsu The finland Swedes; finland , Sweden and Spain; Development geography At present I am doing research on contemporary finlandSwedish migration. http://www.helsinki.fi/geography/Kaisa_Kepsu_eng.html

Department of Geography Welcome Main page Geography Geoinformatics Human Geography ... Contact information About Kaisa Kepsu, MSc PhD student Project researcher Suomeksi Department of Geography 00014 University of Helsinki Finland Tel: +358 (0)9 191 50785 Fax. +358 (0)9 191 50760 e-mail: firstname.lastname@helsinki.fi Research interests Research project Publications and presentations Research interests Migration Population geography Political geography (identity, boundaries, language) Minorities The Finland Swedes Finland , Sweden and Spain Development geography Research project At present I am doing research on contemporary Finland-Swedish migration. The working title of my thesis is Interaction Across the Gulf of Bothnia . The Academy of Finland is the main financier of the project. Publications and presentations forthcoming ). Identity in Motion: The Process of Finland-Swedish migration to Sweden. In Raento, Pauliina (ed.): The Formation and Representation of Finnish National Identities.

83. Geography And Environment: Finland: Selected Internet Resources (Portals To The Selected Internet Resources finland. Portals to the World contain selectivelinks providing authoritative, indepth information about the nations and other http://www.loc.gov/rr/international/european/finland/resources/fi-geography.html

The Library of Congress Global Gateway Portals to the World Finland Find in Portals Web Pages Global Gateway Pages All Library Web Pages Geography and Environment: Finland Created and maintained by the European Division Collections and Services Directorate Includes online maps, links to map collections, flags, climate, weather, natural resources. For information about maps and other geographical resources at the Library of Congress, consult its Geography and Map Reading Room site. Maps of Finland (http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/finland.html) From the Perry-Castaneda Library Map Collection, University of Texas at Austin. Maps of Finland (http://virtual.finland.fi/finfo/english/finnmap.html) Maps of Finland with links. Virtual Finland (http://virtual.finland.fi/finfo/english/natu.html) Information about nature and environment. Geographical Society of Finland (http://www.helsinki.fi/ml/maant/geofi/) A community of geographers and those interested in geography, founded in 1888. In 1921 the original Geographical Society of Finland and Finnish Geographical Association were united into a single organization, which aims to promote research in geography and related sciences at home and abroad. In Finnish, Swedish, and English. Helsinki.fi

84. CIA - The World Factbook Finland As a member of the European Union, finland was the only Nordic state to join theeuro system at its initiation in geography, finland. Top of Page http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/fi.html

85. CIA - The World Factbook Finland finland was a province and then a grand duchy under Sweden from the 12th to the geography note. long boundary with Russia; Helsinki is northernmost http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/print/fi.html

86. The Geographical Society Of Northern Finland of Northern finland and the Department of geography at the University of a crosssection of the works in the field of geography in Northern finland, http://terra.oulu.fi/psms/english.htm

The Geographical Society of Northern Finland - Pohjois-Suomen Maantieteellinen Seura - ... is an active scientific society, which is located at the Department of Geography, University of Oulu. It can be argued that it has been an essential part of the identity of academic geographers of Northern Finland since the year of 1963. In accordance with its basic objectives, the Society serves as a link between geographers and other scientists representing adjacent fields of science. The society arranges meetings and other happenings, publishes two scientific series (Nordia Geographical Publications and Nordia Tiedonantoja), and, if financially possible, aims to support the activities of young geographers in particular. The members of the Society convene twice a year for general assembly. The Nordia Day, which is held every third year, is an important geographical meeting in Northern Finland giving opportunities for both experienced and young geographers to present their research to the public and publish an overview of their work. The Society also seeks to organise excursions for its members. For instance, in 1997 a group of geographers visited our southern neighbour country Estonia, and in 2001 another group travelled in Karelia for four days. The executive committee of the Society consists of the personnel and students of the Geography Department. The actual subdivision for students is Atlas which aims at enhancing community spirit by organising leisure-time activities among students of geography. All students of geography are automatically members of Atlas without paying any membership fee. The membership fee of the Society is 7 euros per year for students and 15 euros per year for others. In return, all members will receive an announcement letter on a regular basis and Nordia Yearbook at the end of each year. Furthermore, membership will give the opportunity to take part in various activities arranged by the Society.

87. Country Information THE RUSSIAN GRAND DUCHY OF finland, 18091917 geography Size, ExternalBoundaries, and Geology Landform Regions Climate DEMOGRAPHY http://www.countryreports.org/history/frd/cs/fitoc.asp?countryid=82&countryName=

88. Geography (from Finland) --  Encyclopædia Britannica geography (from finland) e ty = s WR Mead /e , e An Historical geography ofScandinavia /e (1981); and e ty = s Kalevi Rikkinen /e , e A geography http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-26149

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Expand all Collapse all Introduction The land Relief Drainage and soils Climate Plant and animal life ... Settlement patterns The people Ethnic and linguistic composition Religions Demographic trends The economy ... Transportation Administration and social conditions Government Regional and local government Elections, political parties, and trade unions Justice ... Health and welfare Cultural life The arts Theatre, opera, and music Literature Art, architecture, and design ... Recreation History Earliest peoples Competition for trade and converts Finland under Swedish rule Union with Sweden ... Foreign policy Finland during World War II The Winter War Cooperation with Germany The postwar period Foreign policy ... Domestic affairs Additional Reading General works Geography History Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%.

89. Embassy Of Finland, Ottawa; Consulate Of Finland, Toronto - About Finland geography and Climate. finland lies between the 60th and 70th parallels of latitude.A quarter of its total area falls north of the Arctic Circle. http://www.finland.ca/doc/en/finfo/geoclima.html

Finland in a Nutshell Geography and Climate People, Language and Religion History ... Outdoor Life Geography and Climate Finland lies between the 60th and 70th parallels of latitude. A quarter of its total area falls north of the Arctic Circle. Finland's neighbouring countries are Sweden, Norway and Russia, which share land borders with Finland, and Estonia, across the Gulf of Finland. Much of the country is a gently undulating plateau of worn bedrock and boreal forests, presenting a striking mixture of wooded hills and waters. High rounded fells form the landscape in Finnish Lapland, the most northerly part of the country. Other outstanding features of Finland's scenery are some 190,000 lakes and nearly as many islands. The principal archipelago and the self-governing province of the à land Islands lie off the southwest coast, and the main lake district, centred on Lake Saimaa , is in the east. Updated About This Website

90. BUBL LINK: Finland Resource type index; CIA World Factbook 2003 finland Basic reference informationabout finland, including details of geography, people, economy, http://bubl.ac.uk/link/f/finland.htm

BUBL LINK Catalogue of Internet Resources Home Search Subject Menus Countries ... Z Finland Titles Descriptions Archaeological Resource Guide for Europe Geographical Index CIA World Factbook 2003: Finland Ethnologue Language Database: Finland Finland Country Report on Human Rights Practices for 2003 ... World Travel Guide: Finland Comments: bubl@bubl.ac.uk Archaeological Resource Guide for Europe Geographical Index Extensive index to European archaeological resources, organised by country. Author: Subjects: albania, archaeology links, austria, belgium, bulgaria, croatia, cyprus, czech republic, denmark, estonia, finland, france, germany, greece, hungary, iceland, ireland, italian history, lithuania, luxembourg, macedonia, malta, netherlands, norway, poland, portugal, romania, russian history, serbia and montenegro, slovakia, slovenia, spain, sweden, switzerland, turkey, vatican city DeweyClass: Resource type: index CIA World Factbook 2003: Finland Basic reference information about Finland, including details of geography, people, economy, government, communications, transportation, military and transnational issues. Geographical information includes area, population, flag, maps, high and low points, co-ordinates, boundary length, border countries, climate, land use and natural resources. Author: CIA Subjects: finland DeweyClass: Resource type: document Ethnologue Language Database: Finland A catalogue of all the languages and dialects spoken in Finland, with details of the numbers of speakers of each language. Also some demographic data such as rates of literacy, blindness and deafness.

91. MSN Encarta - Related Items - Finland Related Items from Encarta. finland foreign relations geography andenvironment overview of land and resources of finland pictures of finland http://encarta.msn.com/related_761578960_12/geography_and_environment.html

var fSendSelectEvents = true; var fSendExpandCollapseEvents = true; var fCallDisplayUAText = false; MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Related Items from Encarta Finland Finnish Americans Finnish Language Finnish Literature Helsinki, capital ... wars, 20th century © 2005 Microsoft MSN Privacy Legal Advertise Feedback ... Help

92. Finland Atlas finland Facts on finland flags, maps, geography, history, statistics,disasters current events, and international relations. http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/world/A0818703.html

Home U.S. People Word Wise ... Homework Center Fact Monster Favorites Hurricane Katrina Ramadan Children Inventors The Doctor's In ... 2006 TFK Almanac Reference Desk Atlas Almanacs Dictionary Encyclopedia ... Site Map Sponsored Links TripAdvisor Finland (Europe) Encyclopedia Finland Pronunciation Key Finland, Finnish Suomi , officially Republic of Finland, republic (1996 pop. 5,132,320), 130,119 sq mi (337,009 sq km), N Europe. It borders on the Gulf of Bothnia and Sweden in the west, on Norway in the north, on Russia in the east, and on the Gulf of Finland and the Baltic Sea in the south. The country includes the , located at the mouth of the Gulf of Bothnia. Helsinki is Finland's capital and its largest city. Sections in this article: Introduction Land and People Economy Government History ... Bibliography The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Page Tools: Cite Print More on Finland from Fact Monster: Finland, Gulf of - Finland, Gulf of, eastern arm of the Baltic Sea, c.285 mi (460 km) long and from c.10 to c.75 mi ... Finland Atlas: Finland - Facts on Finland: flags, maps, geography, history, statistics, disasters current events, and international relations. Finland: Bibliography - Bibliography See J. H. Wuorinen, A History of Finland (1965); E. M. Kivikoski, Finland (tr. 1967); ...

93. ERiding - Media Library - Photographs - Geography - Finland finland. Art Design Citizenship Communication Countries Design TechnologyEnvironment geography History ICT Languages Literacy Maths Religion Science http://www.eriding.net/media/Finland.shtml

Now containing FREE resources Last updated: 20 September 2005 Site Contents Submissions Links to Libraries Home ... Sounds Countries: Finland Citizenship Communication Countries Environment ... USA For more information, to comment, or to send resources please contact: E-mail: Please click on the thumbnail images below to see high quality versions ( up to 500KB ). Some of the following photographs are courtesy of John Mason. Helsinki Ilomantsi Helsinki Helsinki Helsinki Helsinki Helsinki Helsinki Helsinki Helsinki Helsinki Helsinki Helsinki Helsinki Helsinki Helsinki Helsinki Helsinki Tuomiokirkko, (Lutheran Cathedral) Tuomiokirkko, (Lutheran Cathedral) City Hall Kauppahalli (Market Hall) and ferry terminal Kauppahalli (Market Hall) One of many islands within the harbour area Government buildings and cathedral President’s palace Government buildings Helsinki rooftops Typical Finnish frozen lake Ilomantsi Ilomantsi Hotel Winter street scene Cleared path through silver birch trees Children’s transport to church Frozen lake Orthodox church, Ilomantsi Outdoor skate park, Ilomantsi

94. Scandinavia Map, Travel Information, Tourism & Geography Scandinavia map (inc. country maps), travel tourism, tourist information geography for countries in Scandinavia. finland Iceland Norway http://www.find-our-community.net/region/Europe/Scandinavia_map.htm

Europe Map World Map Search User Guide ... Scandinavia Map - Weather Satellite Scandinavia map Add this page to favourites Denmark Finland Iceland Norway Map of Scandinavia Sweden Sunumi Ltd. 2005

95. Finland Map, Travel Information, Tourism & Geography finland map (inc. detailed map road map), travel tourism, tourist information attractions, city guide, geography community web sites for finland. http://www.find-our-community.net/region/Europe/Scandinavia/Finland_map.htm

Scandinavia map Europe map World Map Search ... User Guide Finland map Add this page to favorites Finland Weather Oulu Finland News ... Varkaus Map of Finland Lahti Sunumi Ltd. 2005 Lappeenranta Not all sites display in English. Helsinki Mikkeli Other Towns

96. IPL Kidspace Quick facts about finland s geography, people, government, economy, communications,transportation, military, and more. CIA http://www.ipl.org/div/kidspace/browse/owd5475/

IPL KidSpace All of the IPL Advanced You are here: Home KidSpace Our World Europe ... Contact Us KidSpace Features Ask a Question Culture Quest Learning HTML Orca Search ... Story Hour KidSpace Subject Collections Reference The World Computers/Internet Reading Zone ... Fun Stuff Resources in this category: Finland: Country Studies http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/fitoc.html This page from the Library of Congress has a lot of facts about Finland. Finnish Easter Traditions http://virtual.finland.fi/finfo/english/paaseng.html Learn how the people in Finland celebrate the Easter holiday. Map of Denmark http://yahooligans.yahoo.com/reference/factbook/da/map.html Here is a basic map of Denmark with some major cities from Yahooligans! Reference. Map of Finland http://yahooligans.yahoo.com/reference/factbook/fi/map.html Here is a basic map of Finland with some major cities from Yahooligans! Reference. Map of Iceland http://yahooligans.yahoo.com/reference/factbook/ic/map.html Here is a basic map of Iceland with some major cities from Yahooligans! Reference. Map of Norway http://yahooligans.yahoo.com/reference/factbook/no/map.html

97. Finland Information : CTI Centre For Geography, Geology And Meteorology Factsheet about finland (finland); Virtual finland (finland); World Factbook1999 (US) CTI geography, Geology Meteorology, University of Leicester 1999. http://www.geog.le.ac.uk/cti/places/finland.html

Finland Factsheet about Finland (Finland) Virtual Finland (Finland) World Factbook 1999 (US) Home Places form or email cti@le.ac.uk Page updated 17/09/99

98. WHKMLA : Historical Atlas, Finland Page External Online Maps 1000, (Freeman s Historical geography 1903) posted External Online Maps finland, from Maps of Modern Europe, Univ. of Craiova http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/scandinavia/haxfinland.html

Russia Sweden First posted on February 11th 2002, last revised on February 26th 2005 click on the map to enlarge "Textfiles" leads to files from WHKMLA "Topical Maps" lead to further maps posted at WHKMLA "External Maps" lead to maps posted elsewhere on the web EARLY FINLAND External Online Maps : Gardiner, 1892 : Europe 912 , posted by CFC Inc. External Online Maps : , (Freeman's Historical Geography 1903) posted by Perry Castaneda Library, UTexas 14TH CENTURY FINLAND External Online Maps : , (Freeman's Historical Geography 1903) posted by Perry Castaneda Library, UTexas External Online Map : Swedish Expansion in Finland, 1300-1617 , from Historical Atlas of Areas Afflicted by Ethnic Conflict and Border Disputes FINLAND IN THE KALMAR UNION, 1397-1523 Topical Map : Baltic Region, Church Administration, c. 1500 External Online Map : Muir's Historical Atlas (1911), The Baltic Lands and the Hanseatic League , posted by Medieval Sourcebook External Online Maps : Baltic Lands (Freeman's Historical Geography 1903) posted by Perry Castaneda Library, UTexas

99. Baltic Sea States - Country Information And Geography General Country information and geography Extensive link directory tohistorical and contemporary maps of finland. Language English Alphabet Latin http://bibl.sh.se/baltic/subject.asp?a=12

100. Finland Information As a member of the European Union, finland was the only Nordic state to join the geography note long boundary with Russia; Helsinki is northernmost http://www.insidecountryinfo.com/html/finland_information.html

Select News Services Albania Austria Baltic States Belarus Belgium Bosnia Bulgaria C.I.S. Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Luxembourg Macedonia Malta Monaco Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Yugoslavia Select Country Portals Albania Austria Baltic States Belarus Bosnia Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Finland France Germany Hungary Ireland Italy Luxembourg Moldova Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Ukraine United Kingdom Yugoslavia Select Country Information Afghanistan Albania Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Belarus Belgium Bosnia Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Holy See (Vatican City) Hungary Iceland India Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jordan Kazakhstan Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lebanon Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Malta Moldova Monaco Netherlands Norway Oman Pakistan Palestinian Territories Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russia San Marino Saudi Arabia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Syria Tajikistan Turkey Turkmenistan Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom Uzbekistan Yemen Yugoslavia finland Introduction Ruled by Sweden from the 12th to the 19th centuries and by Russia from 1809, Finland finally won its independence in 1917. During World War II, it was able to successfully defend its freedom and fend off invasions by the Soviet Union and Germany. In the subsequent half century, the Finns have made a remarkable transformation from a farm/forest economy to a diversified modern industrial economy; per capita income is now on par with Western Europe. As a member of the European Union, Finland was the only Nordic state to join the euro system at its initiation in January 1999.

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