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         Fencing Olympic History:     more detail
  1. An Olympian's oral history: Harold A. Corbin, 1932 Olympic Games, fencing by Harold A Corbin, 1988
  2. An Olympian's oral history: Joanna de Tuscan Harding, 1936 Olympic Games, fencing by Joanna de Tuscan Harding, 1988
  3. An Olympian's oral history: Duris W. de Jong, 1928 & 1932 Olympic Games, fencing by Duris W de Jong, 1988
  4. The cruise of the Branwen: Being a short history of the modern revival of the Olympic Games, together with and account of the adventures of the Olympic fencing team in Athens in MCMVI by Theodore Andrea Cook, 1908
  5. By the Sword: A History of Gladiators, Musketeers, Samurai, Swashbucklers, and Olympic Champions (Modern Library Paperbacks) by Richard Cohen, 2003-08-05
  6. An Olympian's oral history: Maxine Mitchell, 1952, 1956, 1960 and 1968 Olympic Games by Maxine Mitchell, 1999

41. A Short History Of Ancient Fencing
A Short history of Ancient fencing next Modern fencing .. Eventually, the practice of fencing was included in the olympic Games.
http://home.lynx.net/bactau/ancient.htm
A Short History of Ancient Fencing
next
Modern fencing.............. The word "Escrime" is used to signify the art of "Touching without being touched". It seems that the word "Carma" coming from Sanskrit meaning fencing. An old French word "Escremie" or "Eskermie" is also used to specify the meaning of "Escrime" or fencing. Since the origin of humankind, people have tried to compensate for their physical weakness by inventing weapons to defend themselves against animals and other human beings, or to conquer them. The first weapons were made from wood, stone and then metal. Weapons have been developed and evolved to follow patterns reflecting their value in the social, artistic and technological aspects of various cultures. Weapons have been used to settle personal disputes, battles between small tribes and between nations. Eventually, the use of weapons led to man trying to develop perfect methods of combat. People wanted to be able to maximize their most effective strengths and skills. For all people, learning how to handle and control a weapon immediately led to an important subject: the art of fencing. Mention was made in sacred books, in ancient India, containing the principles of weapon exercises shown by the Brahmans, the first professionals who taught fencing lessons in public places. Later on, this science of fencing was strictly reserved for the warrior class

42. A Brief History Of Fencing
fencing history is still being made today. olympic fencing. fencing is one ofonly four sports that have been on every modern olympic program since 1896.
http://members.tripod.com/acfencers/briefhistory.html
A Brief History of Fencing Home What is Fencing? AC Fencing News 2005-2006 Tournament Calendar ... AC Fencing Classes A BRIEF HISTORY OF FENCING The use of armor during the Middle Ages made swordsmanship virtually obsolete. The broadsword was used against armor, but only as a crude hacking device requiring sheer strength rather than skill. The swords of that period were rather heavy, and cutting the opponent with the edge was emphasized. Further, since the sword was frequently a weapon of defense against thieves, tactics included wrestling holds and tricks designed to disarm or immobilize the opponent to set him up for the killing blow. By making armor obsolete, the development of firearms ironically brought swordplay back into prominence during the 15th century. Soldiers once again had to acquire some skill with the sword, and fencing also emerged as a pastime for gentlemen. Fencing Masters organized guilds, which taught various moves to initiates while protecting them as trade secrets from outsiders. The Queen Catherine de Médici of France had many Italian Fencing Masters come to France and develop fencing there. She was so successful that in 1567, her son, King Charles IX, officially recognized the French Fencing Academy, and awarded many hereditary titles to the new French fencing masters. These new masters were the first to classify and define fencing attacks and parries. In 1573 Henry de St. Didier was the first french fencing master to publish a treatise, and one of the first to advocate heavy use of the Épeé instead of the Rapier.

43. Trinidad And Tobago Djournalist- Everybody'sArticle
olympic history 100 Years of Caribbean Participation when it came to the openepee class for amateurs and fencing masters, the only person who had an
http://members.tripod.com/djournalist/everybodys.htm
setAdGroup('67.18.104.18'); var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded"
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1630 Nostrand Ave,
Brooklyn, NY 11226
USA
Tel.: (718 ) 941 1879 October 2000 OLYMPIC HISTORY
100 Years of Caribbean Participation By TERENCE HILTON-CLARKE FOR the Caribbean nations participating in the Games of the 27th Olympiad in Sydney, it was the celebration of a century. For one hundred years, the Olympics have brought glory to a select group of countries, and which have seen the rise of many great athletes who have earned the right to be grouped with the best there ever was and, in the process, have gained recognition for their native lands.
Cuba then withdrew from the Olympic Games until the 1924 event in Paris. That was where Haiti made its mark, literally, in the shooting competition. The team of Ludovic Augustin, Astrel Rolland, Ludovic Valborge, Destin Destine and Eloi Metullus scored a total of 646 points in the free rifle competition, to finish in a tie with France behind the United States (676 points). The French eventually won a play-off, leaving Haiti to settle for bronze. Four years later, Silvio Cator, who also served as captain of the Haitian national soccer team, took the long jump silver medal in track and field with a leap of 7.58 meters. This was to be the last Caribbean medal-earning performance for the next 20 years.

44. Catholic Grad Wins Fencing Gold | The-Tidings.com
It was the first time women had competed in the saber event in olympic history . Zagunis who in June won a gold medal at the World Cup fencing
http://www.the-tidings.com/2004/0827/zagunis.htm
at google.com
at the-tidings.com T HIS W EEK'S
H IGHLIGHTS
News Providence Holy Cross nurses help Houston evacuees Ministers to the sick weather post-Katrina flooding and evacuation to LA St. Agnes students bake up a storm for Louisiana school Archdiocese directs Katrina relief funds to dioceses ... Symposium on future staffing of parishes set Sept. 21-23 in L.A. Viewpoints A nun in full The Roberts nomination Liturgy God is not fair Spirituality Catechetical Sunday: 'Life Is Christ' Acknowledging our own complexity Celebrating Korean Martyrs Entertainment 'Sacred Spaces' explores local houses of worship What looks good for fall movies Movie Reviews Sports 'The spirit of The Tidings'
Friday, August 27, 2004 Catholic grad wins fencing gold By Ed Langlois and Jon Reddy A 2003 graduate of Valley Catholic High School in Beaverton, Ore., made an emphatic point at the 2004 Olympic Games. Mariel Zagunis, one of the world's top-rated fencers, won a gold medal for the United States in saber competition Aug. 17. It was the first time women had competed in the saber event in Olympic history. Zagunis, 19, almost did not make it to Athens. Her one-point loss against heralded U.S. teammate Sada Jacobsen in an Olympic qualifying match last March seemed to dash her hopes of making the Olympic team.

45. History Of The Fencing Profession
The history of the fencing Profession, Maître Gary Worsfield FAC fencing isone of the original olympic sports, and continues this uninterrupted
http://www.fencingonline.com/academy/history.htm
The Fencing Academy l’Académie d’Armes Australian Academy of Fencing Académie d’Armes Internationale A ustralian A cademy of F encing Shop Fentec Swashbucklers' About the Academy ... Home The History of the Fencing Profession Maître Gary Worsfield F.A.C. Henry the 8th granted Letters Patent to the London Masters of Defense, giving them a virtual monopoly on the teaching of fencing. The Master-of-Armes had developed a special place in society. He could teach his art and was regarded as an authority in matters of honour. Fencing at this time encompassed not only the scientific principles in the use of the sword but also the essential qualities of a gentleman's' education. The Master-of-Armes was one of the original educators to the aristocratic class, he had become a teacher of physical exercise, good manners and gentlemanly etiquette. All considered essential qualities of a good education. The profession progressively grew reaching a peak somewhere between the end of the 18th and start of the 19th centuries. The fact that fencing was around, practiced at all the exclusive universities and popular at the start of a changing attitude towards sport, made it an obvious inclusion in World Events, Expositions and Games of the time. Fencing is one of the original Olympic sports, and continues this uninterrupted tradition into the start of the 21st century with the Sydney 2000 Olympics.

46. US Fencing Media Resource - News Archive
and olympic history, while trying to capture the first American fencing medal This year’s US olympic fencing team of thirteen athletes is the fourth
http://www.fencingmedia.org/news.asp?ID=6

47. All AgitProp, All The Time...: Great Moments In Olympic History
Great Moments in olympic history. Canada s Verbeek wins wrestling silver The one I don t get is fencing. Two people in silly outfits wearing screens
http://fim.ondragonswing.com/archives/006481.html
All AgitProp, all the Time...
Frozen in Montreal Main
August 23, 2004
Great Moments in Olympic History
Canada's Verbeek wins wrestling silver CBC SPORTS ONLINE - Canadian Tonya Verbeek lost her gold-medal wrestling bout on Monday but took the silver after winning a semifinal earlier on Monday. It took a couple of minutes of head-scratching, but then I saw this: Women's wrestling made its Olympic debut in Athens. At this pace, I can't wait to see whether spitting and dwarf-tossing will manage to get Olympic recognition before the Beijing games... TrackBack
Comments The one I don't get is fencing. Two people in silly outfits wearing screens over their heads, touching each other with the tips of swords in order to make a little buzzer go off. WhatEVER. Posted by: Funkalicious on August 23, 2004 03:21 PM Perhaps I'm partial since it was my sport in college, but I prefer it to synchronized swimming and rythmic gymnastics. Posted by: SparcVark on August 23, 2004 04:30 PM I thought this was supposed to be the first Olympics in decades that they *weren't* adding any new sports? Posted by: ed on August 24, 2004 10:28 AM

48. Fencing History
fencing Club s. A fencing history. return to site guide. please scroll down 1912 The olympic Committee revert to the old target.
http://www.saxonfc.fsnet.co.uk/history.htm
Saxon
Fencing Club's
A Fencing History
return to site guide please scroll down:
left to right: a 1960's Italian foil, a 1790 English small sword, and a modern French foil.
it appears that Philibert de la Touche (a very appropriate name for a fencer!) first mentions the use of foils at the court of Louis XIV in his "Les Vrays Principes de l'Espée Seule"
  • They were notable for their elaborate crown-shaped guards.
  • Traditionally it is considered that they were introduced as a safe alternative for learning swordplay. However, practice smallswords and rapiers were being made for that purpose. Some modern opinions suggest that it is more likely that foil was developed purely as a game, right from the start, to entertain as well as show swordplay skills.
Monsieur Labat confirms these rules in his "L'Art En Fait d'Armes"
  • Most of these would be instantly recognisable to the modern fencer.
  • The target area then being defined as between collar and belt (For those pulling their belts right up, they had to be a full foot below the chin!)
Sir William Hope describes the rules in his "A New, Short, and Easy Method of Fencing"

49. Fencing - Art History Online Reference And Guide
ArthistoryClub Information Site on fencing Art history, Art history coach to5 US olympic teams, legendary fencing teacher, olympic gold medallist.
http://www.arthistoryclub.com/art_history/Fencing

50. History
fencing is one of the most unique sports in that every technique that is Women’s foil was first fenced at the 1924 olympic games, however women s epee
http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~aus015/History.htm
"The art of sword-fighting is a lot like chess. You have to think before you move." - Chinese Literature Fencing is one of the most unique sports in that every technique that is performed today has evolved from the philosophy and teachings of hundreds of people. The modern style of fencing is not just a sport but a mental game involving trickery and thinking as well as speed and grace. Although the 'modern' fencing style has only recently evolved, the first fencing bouts were held in ancient Egypt. Bizarrely these bouts mimicked ours in that were they fought with a foil-like weapon that had a protective guard over it's tip, involved face masks and had judges. These matches were held in honour of the victory of King Ramses III over the Libyans. Fencing was also popular with the Greeks who incorporated it in their Olympic games. This form of fencing was virtually unrecognisable from the modern form. It involved spears, swords, shields and armour and was (understandably) less graceful than the modern variant. The first blade to resemble our modern weapons originated in the Renaissance period of the 14th century. This was a period when gunpowder was being used more by the armed forces, so heavy armour became useless. The troops began to wear less and less armour to enable greater maneuverability. Thus a weapon that was quick and deadly was developed to fight with. This weapon was named the 'rapier' and was the grandfather of the epee. Despite the fact that the weapon resembled an epee, it was usually used with a small shield or dagger in one hand. Naturally the fencing techniques used with the rapier was very different from today's style.

51. Home
fencing in Louisville has a long and rich history. Albert Wolff, of Louisville,was a member of the 1948 US olympic fencing Team.
http://www.louisvillefencing.org/
See New 2005-06 Competition Calendar
Our Mission The Louisville Fencing Center (LFC) is a non-profit organization dedicated to developing and promoting the whole person through the sport of fencing. LFC strives to create national and international champions, promote recreational fencing, have fun and bring out the best in our members as athletes and individuals through a combination of excellent coaching, strong community spirit, innovative ideas and hard work. We serve a diverse community with a wide range of ages, fencing abilities, socio-economic levels and beliefs, but we all share a common love of fencing and the desire to make the Louisville Fencing Center one of the best fencing facilities in the United States.
Our Athletes
The Louisville Fencing Center offers first-rate coaching through the skills and experience of its director and head coach, "Maestro" Les Stawicki, former head coach of the Polish National Fencing Team (1973-1990). During Maestro Stawicki's tenure, our athletes have achieved many individual awards and earned numerous medals at both national and international competitions. Fencing in Louisville has a long and rich history. Albert Wolff, of Louisville, was a member of the 1948 U.S. Olympic Fencing Team.

52. United States Olympic Committee - FENCING: Quotes From Gold Medal Team Making Hi
fencing Quotes from Gold Medal Team Making history. // by Suzie Paxton USOlympic Committee () // August 5, 2003. Dan Kellner, anchor of men´s foil gold
http://www.usoc.org/73_9582.htm
Summer Team Sites Archery Badminton Baseball Basketball Bowling Boxing Canoe/Kayak Cycling Diving Equestrian Fencing Field Hockey Gymnastics Judo Karate Pentathlon Racquetball Roller Sports Rowing Sailing Shooting Soccer Softball Squash Swimming Synchro. Table Tennis Taekwondo Team Handball Tennis Triathlon Volleyball Water Polo Water Skiing Weightlifting Wrestling Winter Team Sites Biathlon Bobsled Curling Figure Skating Ice Hockey Luge Short Track Skeleton Skiing Snowboarding Speedskating U.S. Olympic Sites U.S. Olympic Fan Club Free eNewsletter U.S. Olympic Shop U.S. Paralympics Olympians on TV Photo Galleries Sports Jobs Ask an Olympian USOC Pressbox Athletes Events Sports Features ... 2004 games FENCING: Quotes from Gold Medal Team Making History
On his 15-4 comeback win over Cuba star Raul Perojo... “This is definitely one of the most pinnacle moments in my fencing career.” "This was a great confidence builder for World Championships.” “I lost 2-5 in the first bout and then the second match, I started to fence better and could feel my confidence growing. I have alot of confidence against Perojo because I beat him to make the finals in the individuals 15-6.” “The only time I really looked at the score was at 41-38 and I realized I could definitely do this. I felt like I was in a trance and at 44-42 it broke, and then he got two touches. At 44-44 I finished the action looked up and saw one light.”

53. United States Olympic Committee - FENCING: MEN'S INDIVIDUAL FOIL FINAL RESULTS
Tomorrow, US women’s saber fencers Sada and Emily Jacobson (Dunwoody, Ga. will compete in the first ever women’s saber event in olympic history.
http://www.usoc.org/73_24124.htm
Summer Team Sites Archery Badminton Baseball Basketball Bowling Boxing Canoe/Kayak Cycling Diving Equestrian Fencing Field Hockey Gymnastics Judo Karate Pentathlon Racquetball Roller Sports Rowing Sailing Shooting Soccer Softball Squash Swimming Synchro. Table Tennis Taekwondo Team Handball Tennis Triathlon Volleyball Water Polo Water Skiing Weightlifting Wrestling Winter Team Sites Biathlon Bobsled Curling Figure Skating Ice Hockey Luge Short Track Skeleton Skiing Snowboarding Speedskating U.S. Olympic Sites U.S. Olympic Fan Club Free eNewsletter U.S. Olympic Shop U.S. Paralympics Olympians on TV Photo Galleries Sports Jobs Ask an Olympian USOC Pressbox Athletes Events Sports Features ... 2004 games FENCING: MEN'S INDIVIDUAL FOIL FINAL RESULTS // Suzie Paxton // August 16, 2004
Brice Guyart of France won the individual men’s foil event beating #1 world ranked Salvatore Sanzo of Italy 15-13. In the bronze medal match, Andrea Cassara of Italy defeated Russia’s Renal Ganeev 15-12. Dan Kellner (Warren, N.J.) came one touch short of reaching the quarterfinals after holding the lead at 14-12 but was nipped in sudden death by Richard Kruse of Great Britain by the score of 15-14 in the round of 16. Kellner, going into the competition seeded 26th, upset Cedric Gohy of Belgium (the #7 seed) 15-12 in the round of 32. Jon Tiomkin (Hewlett, N.Y.) faced an exceptionally tough seed in the round of 32: Andrea Cassara of Italy, the #1 seed. He lost 15-3. Earlier, in the round of 64, he had defeated Maher Ben Aziza of Tunesia 15-10.

54. The Oneonta State Fencing Club
Oneonta State fencing Club. history of fencing Where did it start? The firstmodern olympic games featured foil and sabre fencing for men only.
http://www.oneonta.edu/development/clubs/fencing/history.asp

Oneonta State Fencing Club
History of Fencing - Where did it start?
Swordfighting as sport has existed since ancient Egypt, and has been practiced in many forms in various cultures since then. Although jousting and tournament combat was a popular sport in the European middle ages, modern FIE fencing owes more to unarmoured dueling forms that evolved from 16th century rapier combat. Rapiers evolved from cut-and-thrust military swords, but were most popular amongst civilians who used it for self-defence and dueling. Rapiers were edged, but the primary means of attack was the thrust. Rapier fencing spread from Spain and Italy to northwest Europe, in spite of the objections of masters such as George Silver who preferred traditional cutting weapons such the English broad sword. Fencing Home Page
Club Constitution

Introduction to Fencing

History of Fencing
...
Phys Ed 160
The Spanish school, under masters such as Narvaez and Thibault, became a complicated and mystical affair whose geometrical theories required much practice to master. Italian masters like Agrippa and Capo Ferro developed a more pragmatic school in the late 16th and early 17th centuries, introducing innovations such as linear fencing and the lunge. By the 18th century, the rapier had evolved to a simpler, shorter, and lighter design that was popularized in France as the small sword. Although the small sword often had an edge, it was only to discourage the opponent from grabbing the blade, and the weapon was used exclusively for thrusting. The light weight made a more complex and defensive style possible, and the French masters developed a school based on defence with the sword, subtlety of movement, and complex attacks. When buttoned with a leather safety tip that resembled a flower bud, the small sword was known as le fleuret, and was identical in use to the modern foil (still known as le fleuret in French). Indeed, the French small sword school forms the basis of most of modern fencing theory.

55. Home
The development of fencing techniques and the history of the sword are Women s foil and women s épée were included in the olympic Games in 1924 and 1996
http://www.fencingmaster.com/history/history.htm
A Brief History of Fencing The Art of Fencing The skilful use of a sword according to established rules and movements was practised by the ancient Egyptians, Persians, Greeks and Romans as well as the Chinese and the Japanese, not only in war but also in exercise and in entertainment. The development of fencing techniques and the history of the sword are interlinked. As new needs for the sword arise, the sword has to be modified accordingly. And as new models are made with new material and improved methods of construction, new techniques are devised. In the 16th century, with the increasing use of firearms on the battlefields, the role of the sword became limited to duelling. Duelling reached its peak in the high incidence of duels (mensur) in the German universities in the 19th century. It, however, saw a decline toward the end of the century and in time was banned altogether. As a result, fencing passed from the domain of the duel to that of sport. The three weapons used in the sport of fencing are the sabre, the épée and the foil. With the study and practice of swordsmanship with these weapons, fencing became an art. The prototype for the sabre as represented in an edged weapon with a curved blade and ornamental elements forming a partial knuckle guard had existed in Europe since classical antiquity. During the Middle Ages, varieties of broadswords designed principally for cutting were used throughout Europe. By the 16th and 17th centuries, the rapier replaced the broadsword as a side arm and emphasis shifted to the use of the point rather than the cut. However, mounted troops still required a cutting weapon and the sabre, based on eastern models, filled this need.

56. Stowmarket Fencing Club - A Breif History Of Fencing
The first modern olympic games featured foil and sabre fencing for men only.Epee was introduced in 1900. Single stick was featured in the 1904 games.
http://www.stowmarketfencingclub.co.uk/history.html
stowmarket fencing club
historically speaking
THIS PAGE

Here is a little excerpt which has been stolen— er adapted from another site. Unfortunately I don't know where it came from.
'Get up man, get up! Stop sulking about that little hole in your chest.' Sword fighting as sport has existed since ancient Egypt, and has been practiced in many forms in various cultures since then. Although jousting and tournament combat was a popular sport in the European middle ages, modern FIE fencing owes more to unarmoured duelling forms that evolved from 16th century rapier combat. Rapiers evolved from cut-and-thrust military swords, but were most popular amongst civilians who used it for self-defence and duelling. Rapiers were edged, but the primary means of attack was the thrust. Rapier fencing spread from Spain and Italy to northwest Europe, in spite of the objections of masters such as George Silver who preferred traditional cutting weapons such the English broad sword. The Spanish school, under masters such as Narvaez and Thibault, became a complicated and mystical affair whose geometrical theories required much practice to master. Italian masters like Agrippa and Capo Ferro developed a more pragmatic school in the late 16th and early 17th centuries, introducing innovations such as linear fencing and the lunge.

57. Online NewsHour: Progress Report On The Olympics In Athens -- August 16, 2004
one of the great performances in swimming history and olympic history andbecause the expectations We ve never won a gold medal in olympic fencing.
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/sports/july-dec04/olympics_8-16.html
XXVIII OLYMPICS
August 16 , 2004
The summer Olympics in Athens got underway over the weekend without any major security or facilities delays, but the U.S. team has struggled so far in its traditional strengths of basketball and swimming. Jeffrey Brown gets a progress report on the games from Sports Illustrated writer Brian Cazeneuve in Athens.
JEFFREY BROWN: On the one hand after all the worry over security, drugs and incomplete facilities, the Olympics are underway. And the focus is mostly where it arguably belongs: On the athletics. On the other hand, for Americans at least, the athletic start has been shaky at best. Among the shakiest the U.S. men's basketball team made up of NBA players, was trounced yesterday by Puerto Rico in its first game. It's the first-ever loss for the U.S. with professionals playing. Also yesterday the men's swimming team had its worst showing ever in the 400-meter freestyle relay coming in third behind South Africa and the Netherlands. And today the most publicized of those swimmers, 19-year-old Michael Phelps, lost his much- anticipated showdown with Australian star Ian Thorpe in the 200-meter freestyle. Phelps finished third. For an update from Athens I'm joined by Brian Cazeneuve, Olympics writer for Sports Illustrated now covering his 10th games.

58. By The Sword: A History Of Gladiators, Musketeers, Samurai, Swashbucklers, And O
By The Sword is exactly what the title claims a history of swords and into fencing competitions, and finally as it is covered as an olympic sport.
http://www.curledup.com/bysword.htm
By the Sword
Elizabeth Berg book reviews:
fiction

spec-fic

nonfiction

children's books @
...
for reviewers

By the Sword: A History of Gladiators, Musketeers, Samurai, Swashbucklers, and Olympic Champions
Richard A. Cohen
Random House
Hardcover 416 pages November 2002 A young woman plagued by inner demons gets the opportunity of a lifetime, and a world-weary musician sets out to break down the walls around her heart. But when her life is threatened, he must unlock the secrets of her dark past before it's too late. Click here for more on Shannon Greenland's Laura's Secrets By The Sword is exactly what the title claims: a history of swords and swordsmanship. Author Richard A. Cohen’s narrative spans centuries with this extremely well-researched and entertaining read, a fact that will certainly delight readers of ancient and modern warfare. Cohen has researched the history of duels and combat by sword, from the gladiators of ancient Rome to the fencing masters of today – and everything in between. Part One explores the use of blades from the ancient Egyptians to the use of swords in the Battle of Waterloo. It covers the history of gladiatorial combat, the weapons used, and the rewards of survival and brutality. Part Two offers a lesson in finesse, and covers the history of the art of swordsmanship, from the greatest sword makers to how to maintain and manage the "perfect thrust." Part Three is incredibly entertaining, as it covers duels and the gentlemanly pursuit of honor – the rules of dueling from the fields of Europe to America.

59. NewYorkGames.org: New York Olympic History
Boxing, gymnastics, judo, weightlifting, wrestling and fencing were held at the New York s olympic history may have been very different had Lindsay kept
http://www.newyorkgames.org/news/archives/000164.html
NewYorkGames.org
Putting New York's Olympic Bid First Home
September 04, 2003
New York Olympic History
NewYorkGames.org Report Like its World's Fairs , New York's Olympic bid had its focus outside of Manhattan. With too little space to properly host the world, Flushing Meadows in Queens was the centerpiece of the serious bid for the 1984 Olympics. It was the focal point for other potential bids as well. NYC2012's Manhattan-centric approach is well outside the historic pattern. Indeed, this is only the first effort to host a world event in Manhattan since the disastrous 1892 World's Fair bid . New York was considered the heavy favorite to commemorate the 400th anniversary of Columbus' arrival in the Americas, but the financial backers insisted on using Central Park. The controversy fatally wounded New York's chances, and Congress gave the fair to Chicago. The only event of this nature held in Manhattan was the 1853 Crystal Palace Exposition, though this smaller event (if fit on today's Bryant Park) is not considered a proper World's Fair.

60. Hungarian Sport News
Hungarian Sport history olympic Games 1952 Helsinki fencing Hungarian GoldMedals He was a successful OSC fencer. He won four olympic titles,
http://www.sportmedia.hu/angol/history/
Hungarian Sport News [sportmedia.hu] Sportprogram Forum Sponsors ...
Hungarian Games
Info Other sites Links
Hungarian Sport History 12.05.2005. Sailing in Hungary
Hungary has no seas although it has nice lakes for sailing. The sailing and pleasure boat sport started in Hungary at the end of 19th century. The centre of sport life and ship building was in Balatonfüred at Lake Balaton at that time.
15.04.2005. Hungary on the Olympic Games Hungary has often excelled in international sporting events. Since the first modern Olympic Games in Athens (1896), its top athletes have captured 452 medals in the Summer Olympics: 157 gold, 137 silver and 158 bronze medals. (If the Winter Olympics are also taken into account, the tally is 157 gold, 139 silver and 162 bronze medals, altogether 458.)
Olympic Games 1952 Helsinki Fencing Hungarian Gold Medals Helsinki, Westend, 30 July 1952: the Hungarian team, winners of the sabre team event: Tibor BERCZELLY, Aladar GEREVICH, Rudolf KARPATI, Pal Adam KOVACS, Bertalan PAPP and Laszlo RAJCSANYI.
2005.03.07. Hungarian Tennis

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