81. Www.ghana.co.uk - History & Culture They were also masters of the trade in gold, which drew North African The forest itself was thinly populated, but Akan speaking peoples began to move http://www.ghana.co.uk/history/history/pre_colonial.htm

Home Discussions History Events ... Religion Pre-Colonial Period By the end of the 16 th Century, most ethnic groups constituting the modern Ghanaian population had settled in their present locations. Archaeological remains found in the coastal zone indicate that the area has been inhabited since the early Bronze Age (ca. 4000 B.C.), but these societies, based on fishing in the extensive lagoons and rivers, left few traces. Archaeological work also suggests that central Ghana north of the forest zone was inhabited as early as 3,000 to 4,000 years ago. Oral history and other sources suggest that the ancestors of some of Ghana's residents entered this area at least as early as the tenth century A.D. and that migration from the north and east continued thereafter. These migrations resulted in part from the formation and disintegration of a series of large states in the western Sudan (the region north of modern Ghana drained by the Niger River). Prominent among these Sudanic states was the Soninke Kingdom of Ancient Ghana. Strictly speaking, Ghana was the title of the King, but the Arabs, who left records of the Kingdom, applied the term to the King, the capital, and the state. The 9 th Century Arab writer, Al Yaqubi, described ancient Ghana as one of the three most organised states in the region (the others being Gao and Kanem in the central Sudan). Its rulers were renowned for their wealth in gold, the opulence of their courts, and their warrior-hunting skills. They were also masters of the trade in gold, which drew North African merchants to the western Sudan. The military achievements of these and later western Sudanic rulers and their control over the region's gold mines constituted the nexus of their historical relations with merchants and rulers of North Africa and the Mediterranean.

82. Ama, A Story Of The Atlantic Slave Trade: Texts And Sources: Africa With growing sensitivity to such meanings for people in africa, The Fantestates of the coast emerged from this movement, while many of the small forest http://www.ama.africatoday.com/africa_m.htm

AFRICA: TEXTS AND SOURCES The first section of AMA is set on African soil. The references and texts in these web pages establish the social, economic and historical context. This page contains Professor Joseph Miller's Presidential Address, History and Africa /Africa and History , delivered to the American Historical Association in 1999; and a long excerpt from Professor J. D. Fage's Ghana, A Historical Interpretation The panel on the left contains links to pages texts and sources concerning: Konkomba (Bekpokpam) history, culture, religion, economy Dagomba history, culture, religion, economy Gonja history, culture, religion, economy; Salaga and Kafaba Asante history, culture, religion, economy, judicial process, "human sacrifice" Languages , principally Twi (Asante and Fanti) Trade : across the Sahara, Hausa trade, the kola trade and Asante trade with the Fanti and the Europeans The technology of warfare in Asante and Dagbon African traditional religion Gold mining in Asante and gold in Asante culture The role of women in West Africa and in the Slave Trade Architecture and society in Yendi, Kafaba, Salaga, Kumase and Elmina.

83. 0020june05 Besides, it is important that many of our people slough off the For long,there have been schism between the indigenous and the imposed values, http://www.expotimes.net/backissuesjune/june2005/0020june05.htm

DEVELOPMENT/ANALYSIS Rising Ghanaian Values in Her development Process Kofi Akosah-Sarpong observes that Ghanaian cultural values are increasingly rising in the midst of the colonial structures in her development process Recent events cropping up, as the Ghanaian democracy tries to lay solid foundation and drives the country's development process, send signals that after decades of much massive misunderstanding and many unrealistic attempts to solve Ghana's problems wholly from the colonially-imposed values to the detriment of Ghanaian values, Ghanaian values are increasingly coming into the forefront of dealing with issues of grave national importance. From tribalism to corruption, and to how politicians should behave, Ghanaian values are increasing being invoked to oil the country's democratic and development wheels. Such attempts are making renowned Ghanaian thinkers such as Prof. George Ayittey, of the American University in Washington D.C., whose book, "Indigenous African Institutions," advocated for such, wrote me recently that that Ghana/Africa's development "lies in returning to and building upon its own indigenous institutions. Botswana is the only African country that did this and it should not surprise anyone why it is doing so well economically." Last week's traditional rulers from the National House of Chiefs two-hour meeting with former President Jerry John Rawlings to talk about issues of grave national concern bode well for attempts to integrate traditional Ghanaian values into the country's democratic and development process. Rawlings long-running misguided utterances, more so as a former head of state, has become a serious national concern, especially in a region where security and peace is fragile, and which needs all the matured dealings it can harness for its development. By responding to Rawlings' temperamental outbursts, the traditional rulers were telling Rawlings and all those who have not used Ghanaian traditional values in their activities to do so, since in the final analysis Ghanaian indigenous values will drive the country's democracy and development process.

84. Slavery In America How did this African word become part of the American language? Another exampleis the word daadi (daddy) from fante, which is used universally by both http://www.slaveryinamerica.org/history/hs_es_languages.htm

Essays Lesson Plans Image Gallery Encyclopedia ... Join Us The Impact of African Languages on American English Joseph E. Holloway, Ph.D. California State University Northridge Most Americans are not aware that many of the words they speak and write every day are derived from African words. Who would have thought that the word " doggies " in the cowboy lyric " ... get along little doggies, for Wyoming shall be your new home," stems from the African word kidogo , which means "a little something," or "something small." How did this African word become part of the American language? Part of the explanation is that one in every five American cowboys was black in the 1880s, and much of what we think of as "cowboy culture" is rooted in African cattle herding. For example, some historians believe that the trail-driving practices of American cowboys (such as the open grazing of cattle) were based on the ways Fulani cattle herders in Western Africa had tended their animals for centuries. So, we should not be surprised to find African words as part of our cowboy culture. The word bronco (probably of Efik/Ibibio and Spanish origins) was used by the Spanish and by enslaved Africans to indicate the horses rode in herding cattle.

85. 1970: Mrs. E. Chapman Nyaho - The Congo Cookbook (African Recipes) Www.congocook Palmnuts and palm oil are used in many recipes in tropical africa. The Eastafrican Maasai people are especially known for including blood in their diet, http://www.congocookbook.com/c0240.html

The Congo Cookbook Sitemap Rare Recipes Mrs. E. Chapman Nyaho [printer-friendly PDF: about download Chicken Fish ... Other Search this website: Rare Recipes Mrs. Mary Randolph Mrs. Lettice Bryan Mrs. Abby Fisher ... Laurens van der Post Mrs. E. Chapman Nyaho Craig Claiborne Holiday Inn Avon Betty Crocker ... Amazon.com Search Now: excerpts from Ghana Recipe Book 1970: Mrs. E. Chapman Nyaho Ghana Recipe Book by Mrs. E. Chapman Nyaho, et al (Accra-Tema, Ghana: Ghana Publishing Corporation, 1970) is another early cookbook from Ghana, one of the first African countries to achieve independence after European rule, and, evidently, one of the first to publish cookbooks written by Africans for Africans. Note: The African Yam , so important in Ghana, is not the same as the American sweet potato. Palmnuts and palm oil are used in many recipes in tropical Africa. The East African Maasai people are especially known for including blood in their diet, though, as these excerpts show, it is common in many African groups. Groundnut Stew (groundnut = peanut) is a famous dish in Western Africa; various Peanut Soup and other peanut sauce and stew dishes are a feature of Sub-Saharan African cuisine.

86. Corn And Europeans The corn plant, maize Zea mays ssp. mays, is indigenous to central America (Balsas The European (Kwasi Bruni) has much to learn about African culture, http://www.scn.org/rdi/kw-brun.htm

The corn plant, maize [ Zea mays ssp. mays ], is indigenous to central America (Balsas River, Mexico). Once it was a small cob, but through centuries of selective planting, it grew to the large size it is today (like the West African Oil Palm did). aburu (Zea mays ssp. mays) Phoenicians were trading along the coast of West Africa for over three thousand years. Their descendants are the Syrian and Lebanese traders who have settled in the coastal towns and cities. The earliest known European traders, Portuguese, arrived for the first time in Elmina about 1472. They named it “The Mine” because it had so much gold for sale. Ten years later they built the Elmina castle in 1482, ten years before Columbus. There was no demand for slaves across the Pacific then, because they did not know the Western hemisphere existed, and the sugar plantations were yet to be built. In return for gold, the Portuguese sold slaves (from Sao Tome) to the people at Elmina. Written records so far have not revealed what starch food was being eaten along the coast, but oral traditions indicate that sorghum and guinea corn were grown on the Accra Plains, and were fermented to make dokonu (kenkey). Later, maize was brought by the Europeans to West Africa from America where they had found it.

87. Theology Today - Vol 20, No. 1 - April 1963 - ARTICLE - Religion And Culture In We are all aware of the fact that to most people the essence of religion is morality A West African nationalist who teaches indigenous religions in that http://theologytoday.ptsem.edu/apr1963/v20-1-article4.htm

43 - Religion and Culture In West Africa Religion and Culture In West Africa By Edmund C. O. Ilogu THESIS: How can courses in religion and theology in the new West Africa universities be related to the emerging problems of culture change? Apart from being the study of a system of thought and belief, theology is also a way of looking at life. This means that theology must concern itself with the culture of a people. Theology must provide insight for the criticism of culture as well as for the social norms and community values that uphold the culture. The problems connected with culture change in West Africa are immense. A more adequate curriculum for the study of theology must include the "new fangled ideas" of psychology, sociology, and political science. THE problem which this paper is concerned with is the organization of university theological courses in our new West African nations so as to help, through such courses, in directing the cultural change now taking place in these countries. To say this is to imply that there is a close relation between religion and culture; that a thoroughly planned and systematically executed university theological education will stimulate thinking and action in a way that largely influences people's decisions, value systems, and choices; and that such influences will in the end create adequate channels along which communities will reorganize their way of life according to the light given them by these theological courses.

88. Ghana 31st December Women S Movement - Accra Address PO Box 065 To develop the mechanism through which interaction among African women To promote democratic education of young people in Ghana; to support and mobilize http://www.unpan.org/ngo-africa-directory/dest/countries/Ghana.htm

Ghana 31st December Women's Movement - Accra Address: P.O. Box 065, OSU/Castle, Accra, Ghana Phone: Fax: Email: Internet: Contact: Cecilia Johnson / Ruby Dagadu Type of Organization: National / Local / Community / Rural / Urban Members: Women Year Founded: International Working Language: English Local Working Language: Akan / Twi / Ewe Source of Annual Budget: Local donors / Foreign donors Affiliations: Action Areas: Capacity Building Economic Policies Educational Development Entrepreneurship Poverty Eradication Social Development Women's and Gender Issues Purpose Make intellectual contributions to women's empowerment; facilitate women's franchise and economic independence. Illustrative Project The movement has offered women various educational opportunities to acquire basic skills including entrepreneurial training; hosted international conferences on the problems of women and poverty; regional meeting of first ladies in West Africa on peace and humanitarian issues in July, 1997. 31st December Women's Movement - Tamale Address: P.O. Box 335, Tamale, Ghana

89. N nº1 examples of asafo company flags (fante people, negro knights of africaqueen dido (novel) ; negros occidental western visayas, region vi, http://www.flag.de/FOTW/flags/keywordn.html

N List of keywords beginning with N Last modified: Keywords: web index keywords Links: FOTW homepage search write us mirrors Keywords beginning with a b c d ... z n'makiaute n'makiaute (vanuatu) n ok subdivisions of the soviet union city of nuremberg (mittelfranken district, bavaria, germany) n house flags of portuguese shipping companies (m-p) nº1 examples of asafo company flags (fante people, ghana) nº2 examples of asafo company flags (fante people, ghana) nº3 examples of asafo company flags (fante people, ghana) na-griamel federation na-griamel (vanuatu) na presidential standards 1931-1939 (spain) naaldwijk naaldwijk (the netherlands) naarden naarden (the netherlands) nabari mie (japan) nabarra lower navarre (traditional province, france) nabburg county nabburg county until 1972 (oberpfalz district, bavaria, germany) nabeshima katsushige daimyo flags - hizen (japan) nablus subdistrict judea and samaria district (israel, west bank occupied territories) nabon nabon canton (azuay, ecuador) nachod nachod city, czech republic náchod okres, czech republic nachrodt-wiblingwerde andalusian nation (spain) nacina ves nacina ves (slovakia) nacional de mando (gallardete) mexico - navy: masthead pennant nacional socialista mexico - nazi and neonazi movements: creole pride mexico - nazi and neonazi movements: partido nacional socialista de méxico nacionales historical flags 1936-1938 (spain) nacioun gardians nacioun gardians (cultural association, camargue, france)

90. Jyve - Skype Member Directory And Online Voice Community Login. What s Hot in indigenous People. Searches. Recent. indigenous People.Popular. Suggested. Sites. Recent. Popular. Suggested. your network of skype u http://community.jyve.com/dir/People____Organizations/Ethnicity/Indigenous_Peopl

Indigenous People... //Environment variables are usually set at the top of this file. USETEXTLINKS = 1 STARTALLOPEN = 1 USEFRAMES = USEICONS = WRAPTEXT = 1 PRESERVESTATE = 1 ICONPATH = 'http://community.jyve.com/js/images/'; foldersTree = gFld("", "/index.php") aux1 = insFld(foldersTree, gFld("Jyve Users", "")) aux2 = insFld(aux1, gFld("Users (5)", "http://community.jyve.com/dir/PeopleOrganizations/Ethnicity/Indigenous_People")) Forum General Advance Search People Who are : All Men Women Age : To Country : Any Afghanistan Albania Algeria AmericanSamoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British IOT Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands C A R Chad Chile China Christmas Island Cocos Islands Colombia Comoros Congo Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Cote DIvoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus CzechRepublic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic East Timor Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Falkland Faroe Islands Fiji Islands Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French ST Gabon Gambia, The

91. African Languages The remainder of the population speak indigenous African languags Balanta Most people living in the area where their first language is indigenous speak http://chora.virtualave.net/afrilang1.html

African Languages Source: Colin Baker and Sylvia Prys Jones' (1998) Encyclopedia of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education- Multilingual Matters Ltd. pp.355-367 Algeria The Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria, formerly French colony, gained independence in 1962, following e war against France. The population of 28.5 million 995 estimate) is of Arab, Berber or mixed Arab-Berber ancestry. After 1962, the majority of the one million Europeans resident in Algeria left the country, and now s than one percent of the population is of European origin. French still enjoys a high status in Algeria. It is a major foreign language and is still widely read and spoken by many educated Algerians. National radio has a French station. The only TV channel is in Arabic with some French material. The majority of newspapers and magazines are in French, and French is widely used in higher education. Scientific material in school and university text books is almost exclusively in French, while Arabic is the medium of primary education. A law to Arabize local administration, business, politics and the media from July, 1992 was postponed indefinitely, because it was felt that the necessary conditions for adequate implementation of the law did not yet exist. English is also a recognized foreign language in Algeria and is gaining in prestige. Angola The People's Republic of Angola was formerly part of Portuguese West Africa. The country gained independence from Portugal in 1975 after 14 years of guerrilla warfare and a brutal civil war. The population in 1995 was estimated at 10 million. Because of the devastation and social unrest caused by sporadic warfare since independence, it is not easy to assess the language situation in Angola. It is estimated that there are more than 90 ethnic groups in Angola, and numerous local languages are spoken. Over 90 percent of the population speak Bantu languages. There are three major ethnolinguistic groups, the Ovimbundu (37 percent) in the central and southern regions, the Kimbundu (25 percent) in Luanda and the east, and the Kikongo (13 percent) in the north.

92. Report Of The Secretary-General On (b) Poster on the International Decade of the World s indigenous People (DPI/1813) in The African Charter on Human and People s Rights (HR/PUB/90/1) http://www.unhchr.ch/huridocda/huridoca.nsf/(Symbol)/A.53.313.En?OpenDocument

93. 02.01.05: Middle Passage: A Journey Of Endurance Many students (and their parents) denied being a people of African Depending uponthe indigenous group to which one belonged, the extended family was http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/2002/1/02.01.05.x.html

Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute Home Middle Passage: A Journey Of Endurance by Waltrina Kirkland-Mullins Contents of Curriculum Unit 02.01.05: Narrative Section 1. Ghana: Pre-Slavery Activity 1. A Land of Many Tongues Activity 2: Adinkra Wall-Hanging ... To Guide Entry When I attended elementary school some 45 years ago, a countless number of classmates and I were led to believe that Black people "miraculously arrived" on American soil via the slave trade, that they had no real culture or civilization. Many students (and their parents) denied being a people of African descent, for it held a negative connotation. Additionally, many of the students questioned why " if all of us were Negro ," did Blackfolk come in such a wide spectrum of colors. Targeted at students in Grades 1 and 2, MIDDLE PASSAGE is modifiable to accommodate students in Grade levels 3 through 5. It can be implemented at any time during the course of the school year. Since, however, December through February marks the beginning of Kwanzaa and African-American Heritage month, the unit serves as an informative prelude to the study of African peoples and an enlightening complement to the Kwanzaa celebration during this time frame. My unit is divided into three sections: Ghana, Pre-Slavery

94. Ashanti Kingdom Example Essays.com - Over 101,000 Essays, Term Papers And Book R Though located on the coast of West africa, its landscapes range from coasts inthe South, The country is inhabited in part by the Akan people. These pe. http://www.exampleessays.com/viewpaper/57650.html

Questions? Comments? Acceptable Use Policy Tech Support LOG IN! ... Click HERE for Instant Access This is a short summary of this paper! Already a member? Go here to log in and view the entire paper! Ashanti Kingdom Approximate Word count = 2033 Approximate Pages = 8 (250 words per page double spaced) Want to view this paper along with other term papers, essays, and book reports? Instant access , single user memberships can be purchased online with a credit card or online check! Membership Plans Credit Card Check Phone Savings 30 Day membership (recurring billing) 30 Day membership (non-recurring billing) 90 Day membership (recurring billing) 180 Day membership (non-recurring billing) Once you have registered for an Account, No refunds can be issued. Please make sure you look over the site before you purchase an account!!! CREDIT CARD ONLINE CHECK CCBILL 900 MEMBERS CUSTOMER SERVICES Acceptance Essays Arts Custom Papers English ... Technology All papers are for research and references purposes only!

95. CIAO - Atlas - Ghana The coastal people, primarily some of the fante and the inhabitants of the new town The movement sought unity among people of African descent and also http://www.ciaonet.org/atlas/countries/gh_data_loc.html

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