21. The History Cooperative | Conference Proceedings | Interactions: Regional Studie the people of other continents, in this case the indigenous people of africa, This was followed, on the twentyeight, by a dashee to Ammoda, a fante http://www.historycooperative.org/proceedings/interactions/reese.html

An Economic Middle Ground?: Anglo/African Interaction, Cooperation and Competition at Cape Coast Castle in the Late Eighteenth Century Atlantic World Ty M. Reese Indiana University of Pennsylvania In 1776, Adam Smith wrote: The commodities of Europe were almost all new to America, and many of those of America were new to Europe. A new set of exchanges, therefore, began to take place which had never been thought of before, and which naturally should have proved as advantageous to the new, as it certainly did to the old continent. The savage injustice of the Europeans rendered an event, which ought to have been beneficial to all, ruinous and destructive to several of those unfortunate countries. The abstraction of the Atlantic World is expanded by scholars who view it as a vital element in the social, economic and jurisdictional expansion of Europe from the fifteenth to nineteenth centuries.

22. Readings: Walter Rodney, How Europe Underdeveloped Africa (pages 135-146) | Auto such as the fante Confederation on the Gold Coast in the 18608. Returning tothe question of indigenous African agents of European colonial rule in http://auto_sol.tao.ca/node/view/868

@import url(misc/drupal.css); introduction statement Upping the Anti #1 Resource Pages Anti-Imperialism Readings Events Listings Reading Groups ... Radical Theory Location Sudbury Toronto Vancouver Africa ... York University Campaigns Resource Pages Struggles Anti-Capitalist Anti-Imperialism Anti-Poverty Anti-War ... Work Place Syndicate Organizations, Groups, Networks OCAP CrimethINC Left Turn NEFAC ... Surviving Canada Alternative Media Infoshop Democracy Now Monthly Review Z NET ... Canadian Socialist History Project Who's new random garvol arieltrees muhammed ... banti Browse archives September 2005 Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Home Readings: Walter Rodney, How Europe Underdeveloped Africa (pages 135-146) Submitted by ant on September 20, 2004 - 9:37pm. Anti-Imperialism Readings Walter Rodney, How Europe Underdeveloped Africa, Howard University Press, 1982 pp. 135-146. The Coming of Imperialism and Colonialism In the centuries before colonial rule, Europe increased its economic capacity by leaps and bounds, while Africa appeared to have been almost static. Africa in the late nineteenth century could still be described as part communal and part feudal, although Western Europe had moved completely from feudalism to capitalism. To elucidate the main thesis of this study, it is necessary to follow not only the development of Europe and the underdevelopment of Africa, but also to understand how those two combined in a single system-that of capitalist imperialism. The growing technological and economic gap between Western Europe and Africa was part of the trend within capitalism to concentrate or polarize wealth and poverty at two opposite extremes.

23. Typesetting African Languages, By Conrad Taylor africa has over 2000 indigenous languages, of which about 100 have more than amillion Twi (Akan, fante, Ashanti) Wolof Xhosa Yoruba Zulu. http://www.ideography.co.uk/library/afrolingua.html

Typesetting African languages Report of an investigation by Conrad Taylor Front cover of the report; the map shows where some 90 languages are spoken, and the four language family groupings as coloured zones. First page of the report main body, which is illustrated with many diagrams, screen images etc. A sample page from the character set appendix; this page shows the requirements of the West Atlantic language Wolof. Characters in red pose a special difficulty and usually require custom letterforms; accented vowels in green can be set with existing fonts. This Web page provides a description of the 54-page document " Typesetting African languages " which I prepared in May 2000, a list of contents , and links by which to download an Acrobat PDF version either in whole or in parts. I have recently had some voluntary involvement in the work of a London- based health project for people of recent African origin, such as refugees and first- generation immigrants. Through this contact I came to consider the problems of providing printed materials such as publicity and health information in African languages. The problem...

24. Edofolks - The First Edo Website The parasitic economic interests of indigenous african chiefs and kings distinctions in africa The Ashanti King taking fante slaves, etc. MYTH NO.2. http://www.edofolks.com/html/pub127.htm

Edofolks.com Home Edo History Bulletin Stories ... Build Your Baby`s Brain 1-Through Power Of Music Myths About The Slave Trade Advertise Business, Books, Art, and others here for $20/month Lil Joe wrote: The parasitic economic interests of indigenous African chiefs and kings were the basis of the tribal "indigenous African institutions and value systems". It was in the framework of the "indigenous African institutions and value systems" that my ancestors were sold to European slavers, and why I am in America today. And you want to go back to that? Obviously I don't. Lil Joe, I feel compelled to respond to this, not to whitewash or blackwash (choose which verb applies) an ignoble practice that saw millions shackled and deprived of basic dignity. Rather, it is to dispel certain myths pertaining to the participation of our ancestors in the slave trade. MYTH No. 1: Africans were selling themselves off into slavery before the Europeans on the continent. It is true there was slavery in Africa but not the inhumane chattel variety. Slaves in Africa enjoyed certain rights and privileges.

25. Liberia Country Study to the recognized indigenous ethnic categories, one foreign group, the fante, Liberians established fairly firm control over indigenous peoples) http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1985/liberia_2_ethnic-cat-

var zflag_nid="224"; var zflag_cid="8/7/3/1"; var zflag_sid="1"; var zflag_width="728"; var zflag_height="90"; var zflag_sz="14"; Education Jobs Home Loans Telecom ... Public Eye var zflag_nid="224"; var zflag_cid="97/63/19/3/1"; var zflag_sid="1"; var zflag_width="120"; var zflag_height="600"; var zflag_sz="8"; Choose: HTML TEXT AOL Military Back to the Table of Contents Ethnic Categories: The Tribal Peoples Estimates of the number of ethnic categories adequate to the classification of Liberia's indigenous communities have ranged from 28 to the 16 officially recognized tribes. The variation reflected shifting and uncertain notions of what constituted an ethnic group and a lack of systematic knowledge of many of the peoples of Liberia. As that knowledge has been accumulated, it has become clear that few if any of the ethnic categories arbitrarily established and named by the government authorities were characterized by the elements usually considered in defining an ethnic group. In these circumstances sections of the recognized categories have deemed themselves (or have been regarded by various observers) as separate entities. One of the clearest in stances of this has been the Sapo, a cluster of communities officially included with the Krahn for statistical and other purposes but which has sought independent status as a tribe. In addition to the recognized indigenous ethnic categories, one foreign group, the Fante, was singled out in the 1974 census. A coastal people originating in Ghana and constituting a substantial proportion of that country's population, the Fante in Liberia roughly matched the size of each of the three least numerous indigenous peoples. Well established in Liberia, they were overwhelmingly urban (located mainly in or near Monrovia), and many held jobs requiring literacy.

26. MOST Ethno-Net Publication: Anthropology Of Africa noted that the incorporation of the various indigenous african peoples intomodern states, Murdock, GP (1959) africa Its People and their Culture. http://www.ethnonet-africa.org/pubs/p95modo.htm

MOST ETHNO-NET AFRICA PUBLICATIONS Anthropology of Africa and the Challenges of the Third Millennium - Ethnicity and Ethnic Conflicts, PAAA / APA, 1999 An Anthropologist’s View of Ethnicity and Ethnic Conflicts in Africa I.V.O. Modo Department of Social Anthropology/Sociology National University of Lesotho P.O. Roma 180 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Ethnicity denotes an extreme consciousness of and loyalty to a particular linguistic and cultural group unidentified with any other group (Udoh 1998:38). Such groups usually possess myth of origin, traceable to an epical ancestor or ancestress. With a strong ruling house such ethnic groups like the Yoruba, Edo, Fante were able to organize themselves into Empire or Kingdoms, conquering and incorporating other lesser ethnic groups as vassals. With the coming of colonial masters, treaties were signed with such kingdoms wherever they existed; especially during the 17th and 18th centuries (Bradbury et al 1965; Igbafe 1972). Origin of ethnicity in Africa Ethnicity in post-colonial Africa is principally a response to the new social structure the indigenous people found themselves in during the colonial era and at independence. The cultural upbringing is seriously at variance with the social processes of the modern era. Bohannan (1957) speaks of the philosophy of limited good among the Tiv of Nigeria. All goods are communally owned and so the possession of a good by one person is the loss of that good by another. This concept is applicable to every tribe in most circumstances. Ethnic discrimination has its root in the favouritism shown to kin group members as could be seen from the principle of segmentary opposition among the Tiv of Nigeria (Bohannan 1969) or Nuer of Southern Sudan (Evans-Pritchard 1940).

27. MSN Encarta - Print Preview - Africa Scientific research has demonstrated that indigenous African farming and and allied themselves with the coastal fante people, bitter rivals of the http://encarta.msn.com/text_761572628___0/Africa.html

Print Print Preview Africa Article View On the File menu, click Print to print the information. Africa I. Introduction Africa , second largest of Earth’s seven continents, covering 23 percent of the world’s total land area and containing 13 percent of the world’s population. Africa straddles the equator and most of its area lies within the tropics. It is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the west, the Indian Ocean and Red Sea on the east, and the Mediterranean Sea on the north. In the northeastern corner of the continent, Africa is connected with Asia by the Sinai Peninsula. Africa is a land of great diversity. If you were to trek across the continent, you would pass through lush, green forests and wander vast, grassy plains. You would cross barren deserts, climb tall mountains, and ford some of the mightiest rivers on Earth. You would meet diverse people with a wide range of cultures and backgrounds and hear hundreds of different languages. You would pass through small villages where daily life remains largely the same as it has been for hundreds of years, as well as sprawling cities with skyscrapers, modern economies, and a mix of international cultural influences. Africa is the birthplace of the human race. Here, early humans evolved from apes between 8 million and 5 million years ago. Modern human beings evolved between 130,000 and 90,000 years ago, and subsequently spread out of Africa. Ancient Egypt, one of the world’s first great civilizations, arose in northeastern Africa more than 5,000 years ago. Over time many other cultures and states rose and fell in Africa, and by 500 years ago there were prosperous cities, markets, and centers of learning scattered across the continent.

28. Encyclopedia Of African History Central africa, Northern Central Sudanic peoples Central africa, Northern Chadic Literacy and indigenous Scripts Precolonial West africa alMaghili http://www.routledge-ny.com/ref/africanhist/thematic.html

(List is not final and is subject to change prior to publication. Early Pre-History Later Pre-History and Ancient History Iron Age to End of 18th Century: North Africa Iron Age to End of 18th Century: Western Africa ... Pan-African/Comparative Topics and Debates Early Pre-History Climate and Vegetational Change Humankind: Hominids, Early: Origins of Olduwan and Acheulian: Early Stone Age Permanent Settlement, Early Rock Art: Eastern Africa Rock Art, Saharan Rock Art: Southern Africa Rock Art: Western and Central Africa Stone Age (Later): Central and Southern Africa Stone Age (Later): Eastern Africa Stone Age (Later): Nile Valley Stone Age (Later): Sahara and North Africa Stone Age (Later): Western Africa Stone Age, Middle: Cultures back to top Later Pre-History and Ancient History Akhenaten Aksum, Kingdom of

29. Encyclopedia Of African History Benue Valley peoples Jukun and Kwarafa; Historiography of africa; Macauley, Herbert; Literacy and indigenous Scripts Precolonial West africa. http://www.routledge-ny.com/ref/africanhist/contributors.html

(List is not final and is subject to change prior to publication.) A B C D ... Z A Abaka, Edmund . Department of History, University of Miami. Asante Kingdom: Osei Tutu and Founding of; Collaboration as Resistance; Ghana (Republic of) (Gold Coast): Colonial Period: Economy; Ghana, Republic of: Revolution and Fourth Republic, 1981 to Present; Songhay Empire: Sonni Ali and the Founding of Empire; Songhay Empire: Ture, Muhammad and the Askiya dynasty Abdullahi, Mohamed Diriye . Somali scholar, Ontario, Canada. Abubakar, Tanimu . Department of History, University of Ahmadu Bello, Nigeria. Literature, Western: Africa in Adejumobi, Saheed Adeyinka . Department of Africana Studies, Wayne State University, Michigan. Awolowo, Obafemi; Community in African Society Adesina, Olutayo . Department of History, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Adhikari, Muhammed

30. FAF - Preamble The Role of Proverbs in fante Culture. africa, July; Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. peoples of africa. New York Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1965. http://freeafrica.org/indigenous_legal2.html

Home Indigenous Africa Indigenous Legal Systems Continue from Previous Moving down to southern Africa, one finds what Bohannan (1968) considers to be Africa's finest: Indeed, Africa is one of the homes of advanced legal institutions. Perhaps the most famous of these institutions are the courts still found among the Bantu states of the southern third of the continent (p. 199). In these states, the local or provincial chief was one of number of judges on a large and inclusive bench. The bench included representatives of all important social groups of the community. The judges formed a regular and pronounced hierarchy, and were seated in a row or an arc. The provincial chief sat in the middle; at his immediate right was the second most senior person and at his left the third most senior, and so on until the whole court was deployed in a row. Litigants stood or sat in certain areas. There were assigned places for witnesses and for the community as an audience. The court sessions were held out of doors, but there was a building to be repaired to in case of inclement weather. There was, in all cases a known and demanded decorum and order of proceedings. The plaintiff first made his case. The defendant would then respond. Witnesses would be called. After the testimony had been heard, the most junior member of the bench would pronounce judgment. His sentence would be followed by his immediate senior, who might disagree and add new perspectives. The third most junior man followed until they arrived at the middle where the head chief sat. After weighing all the evidence, and the sentences and opinions of his junior judges, he would pronounce his final judgment.

31. University Of Ghana This course studies the origins of the fante people and the fante states. This course on the peoples and cultures of subSaharan africa focuses on http://www.ncsu.edu/studyabroad/places/africa/ghanaclasses.html

Places and Programs University of Ghana Course Descriptions The University of Ghana currently does not publish course descriptions. Please note that many other courses are available; these descriptions cover only courses recently taken by U.S. students in Ghana. For a complete list of available courses (without description), see the U. of Ghana website or catalog. SPEC 303-Twi This is a basic course in Asante Twi for beginners covering the Twi alphabet and sounds; verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, postpositions, and interrogatives; and simple expressions such as greetings, numbers, days of the week, etc. This course is required for all NC State Study Abroad Program participants. Institute for African Studies AFST 250 Course A6: African Popular Culture: Traditional Festivals and Funeral Ceremonies This course examines traditional festivals and funeral ceremonies as two components of African popular culture, paying particular attention to their social conflicts and their social roles in Africa. The course takes a sociological perspective with a focus on Ghanaian societies and with examples drawn from across Africa. School of Administration ADMN 311 Health Services Management This course is designed for students specializing in the study of health services management. It provides an overview of the management of organizations engaged in the delivery of health services, including such topics as the health care delivery system; the management process and managerial roles; resource planning, utilization, and control; problem solving and decision making; human resources; and organizational dynamics and change.

32. Sociocultural Issues - indigenous peoples are under heavy pressures from development beyond uros 27 The fishery of the fante town Moree in Ghana and its network of migra. http://www.onefish.org/cds_static/en/sociocultural_issues_en_432_all_1.html

33. Encyclopedia: California State University, Long Beach indigenous peoples are peoples living in an area prior to colonization by a state Cooper Creative Writing professor and premier John fante scholar. http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/California-State-University,-Long-Beach

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Related Articles People who viewed "California State University, Long Beach" also viewed: California State University California State University, Long Beach California State University, Channel Islands California State University, Monterey Bay ... Munich What's new? Our next offering Latest newsletter Student area Lesson plans Recent Updates Wage slavery Vostok 3 Virago Vigrond ... More Recent Articles Top Graphs Richest Most Murderous Most Taxed Most Populous ... More Stats Encyclopedia: California State University, Long Beach Updated 11 days 3 hours 34 minutes ago. Other descriptions of California State University, Long Beach California State University, Long Beach (also known as Long Beach State Cal State Long Beach CSULB LBSU or The Beach! ) is the largest campus of the California State University system and the second largest university in the state of California . It is located in Long Beach, California , at the southern coastal tip of Los Angeles County Campus is Latin for field or open space. English gets the words camp and campus from this origin. ... The California State University or CSU, is one of three public higher education systems in the state of California. ...

34. Passport To Dignity -- Chapter 13 In Beijing, women from many indigenous peoples’ organizations were actively An example of the first is the decision by fante women to sundry their fish http://www.pdhre.org/passport-ch13.html

PDHRE Home Hot Topics Seminars on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Build a Human Rights Community! Human Rights Conventions: Summaries About PDHRE ... Related Links PASSPORT TO DIGNITY CHAPTER XIII CRITICAL AREA OF CONCERN K: WOMEN AND THE ENVIRONMENT ...from the Human Rights Instruments Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. (Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 3). 1.(1) All peoples have the right of self-determination. By virtue of that right, they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development. 1.(2) All peoples may, for their own ends, freely dispose of their natural wealth and resources without prejudice to any obligations arising out of international economic co-operation, based upon the principle of mutual benefit, and international law. In no case may a people be deprived of its own means of subsistence. 1.(3)The States Parties to the present Covenant, including those having responsibility for the administration of Non-Self-Governing and Trust Territories, shall promote the realization of the right of self-determination, and shall respect that right, in conformity with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Articles 1, para. 1-3.

35. Colonial History Of Marine Fishing And Property Rights In Ghana indigenous knowledge of fish processing and marketing utilized by women traders peoples and Empires of West africa West africa in History 10001800. http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/macarthur/marine/papers/walker-r.html

Conference: Marine Environmental Politics in the 21st Century: MacArthur Program on Multilateral Governance, Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley Dividing and Conquering the Sea The Colonial History of Marine Fishing and Property Rights in Ghana Barbara Walker Institute for Social, Behavioral, and Economic Research; UC Santa Barbara e-mail: bwalker@geog.ucsb.edu To the outline of the paper. Bibliography Acheson, J. 1981. "Anthropology of fishing," Annual Review of Anthropology Amanfi III, et al. 1945. "Resolution having reference to fishing lines and nets," Cape Coast National Archive. Anonymous. 1919. "Memorandum on the use of Ali nets and local fishing industry," Cape Coast National Archive. Awe, B. 1967. "Empires of the Western Sudan: Ghana, Mali, Songhay," in J. Ajayi and I. Espie, eds. A Thousand Years of West African History. Ibadan, Nigeria: Ibadan University Press. Pp. 165-190. Ayensu, K., et al. 1921. "Letter to the District Commissioner Cape Coast regarding migrant drag-net fishermen," Cape Coast National Archive. Berkes, F. 1987. "Common-property resource management and Cree Indian fisheries in subarctic Canada," in B. McCay and J. Acheson, eds.

36. The Ga-Dangme People:A Historical Sketch III Extensive landgrabbing by government has left indigenous peoples with Ellis, AB, The Yoruba-Speaking peoples of the Slave Coast of West africa, http://members.tripod.com/tettey/Gapart3.htm

setAdGroup('67.18.104.18'); var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Search: Lycos Tripod Dating Search Share This Page Report Abuse Edit your Site ... Next LECTURE IV THE FORGING OF NEW GA-DANGME UNITY AND THE KATAMANSO WAR To lead the Gá-Dangme you need the courage of Okaikoi and the sagacity of great high priests. It is a task in selflessness and courage. In all things be bold and fearless,seeking above all to ensure the security and happiness of the people. Like a good tree the strong nation requires continual pruning and reform. The good leader sleeps not for an hour, constantly seeking the interests of his people In this Lecture we examine the factors that led to the emergence of the Gá-Dangme as major players in the political scene of the Gold Coast; look at the principal reasons for the Katamanso War. Accra started to emerge from its short eclipse; the short reign of Ofori Tibo saw the the re-stabilisation of Gá-Dangme politics. The emergence of Tetteh Ahinakwa or Momotse and Okaidja as King of Accra and chief of Gbese respectively led to a reform movement which tried to cleanse the city of corruption and re-establish its politics on a sounder footing. Princes Tetteh Ahinakwa and Okaidja had been ransomed to the Dutch and had gained considerable Western education; they were therefore in a relatively good position to stand back from Gá society and objectively analyse its failures and difficulties. However, once they acceeded to office they lacked a reform party to carry out their reformist programme in the various Gá-Dangme quarters and towns. Attempts to involve the

37. An Anarchist Account Of Ghana More than two centuries of this process left the indigenous civilisations Winneba, like many of the towns of the coastal fante people, possesses a http://flag.blackened.net/revolt/africa/accounts/chekov/ghana.html

Pray for Ghana Axim - clap for Jesus Read for Jesus The Methodist depot made the greatest pretence at being a general bookshop. The religious section took up only about half the stock. They also had a large biography section and an extensive 'general reading' section. However on close inspection there did seem to be a certain slant in title selection. Accounts of the lives of about 6 different members of the Wesley family made up a large part of the biography shelf and I don't think it was any coincidence that all 3 branches which we visited, in Accra, Cape Coast and Kumasi, stocked large numbers of 'God loves communists too', a real-life account of how the author had been a member of a lefty group in England in the 1970's until God came to her, she saw that she was doing the devil's work and left to join some wierd christian sect where she has found spiritual bliss. The presbyterian book depot was even worse. 90% of the books were purely religious and the one small shelf labelled 'novels' contained such classics as 'Our police friends' by the PR department of the Ghana police force. Challenge books - "for the best in christian reading" managed to make the other two look like enlightened bastions of rational thought. While the other two were scruffy and musty, this was a slick affair, full of clean-cut young men in suits. The books were glossy, shiny and new. Apart from a few textbooks the entire stock was religious. There were biographies of obscure American faith healers and preachers whom I had never heard of, self-help titles responding to various crises one might have and children's books designed to teach morality to the young. The whole place reeked of American money, come from one of the unspeakably evil born-again sects which dream of spreading their tentacles of ignorance, prejeduce and superstition all over the world.

38. World Of Dreamings The exhibition drew attention to urbanbased indigenous artists who, the mostrecent image of which she remembers seeing on a fante flag from africa. http://www.nga.gov.au/Dreaming/Index.cfm?Refrnc=Ch8

39. West African Kingdoms 500-1590: Religion And Philosophy History Study Guide This list of states and peoples is not exhaustive, but it does provide a indigenous African cultures—especially ritual arts and music—were suppressed. http://www.bookrags.com/samphist/

West African Kingdoms 500-1590: Religion and Philosophy Literature Summaries Study Guides Essays Study Guides ... History Study Guides Biographies Research Topics Essays History eBooks History Guide Navigation Download the PDF Home History Study Guides West African Kingdoms 500-1590: Religion and Philosophy (World History) Jump to: Overview Topics In Religion And Phil... Significant People Download the PDF This is an online sample of a complete History Guide. West African Kingdoms 500-1590: Religion and Philosophy History Study Guide Overview Historiographical Context. Rejecting Classifications. The Rise of Christian Europe (1965), "Undergraduates, seduced, as always, by the changing breath of journalistic fashion, demand that they should be taught the history of black Africa. Perhaps, in the future there will be some African history to teach. But at present there is none, or very little: there is only the history of Europeans in Africa. The rest is darkness . . . and darkness is not a subject of history." Views such as this one are the result of too much reliance on Arabic and European sources and not enough primary research in West African sources. By the final decades of the twentieth century, historians and archaeologists had learned much about the complex civilizations that existed in West Africa between 500 and 1590, cultures whose religious and philosophical traditions have deep indigenous roots. Geographical and Cultural Backgrounds.

40. Www.ghanaweb.com: Feature Article Of Wednesday, 31 December 1969 All seem to put indigenous African peoples at the center of the development process.As a result issues such as mass participation, community initiative, http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/printnews.php?ID=19656

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 2     21-40 of 95    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | Next 20