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         Fairs & Expositions American History:     more books (27)
  1. The Great American Fair: The World's Columbia Exposition and American Culture by Reid Badger, 1979-09
  2. World's Fair Notes: A Woman Journalist Views Chicago's 1893 Columbian Exposition by Marian Shaw, 1992-11
  3. The World's Columbian Exposition: The Chicago World's Fair of 1893 by Norman Bolotin, Christine Laing, 2002-06-12
  4. All the World's a Fair: Visions of Empire at American International Expositions, 1876-1916 by Robert W. Rydell, 1987-10-15
  5. Meet Me at the Center: The Story of Seattle Center from the Beginnings to the 1962 Seattle Worlds Fair to the 21st Century by Don Duncan, 1992-07
  6. Revisiting the White City: American Art at the 1893 World's Fair by National Museum of American Art, 1993-03-15
  7. A Journey Through the Native American Village, World's Fair Centennial: Louisiana Purchase Exposition 2004 by Carl R. Peterson, 2004-01
  8. World of Fairs: The Century-of-Progress Expositions by Robert W. Rydell, 1993-11-01
  9. Anthropology Goes to the Fair: The 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition (Critical Studies in the History of Anthropology) by Nancy J. Parezo, Don D. Fowler, 2007-09-01
  10. America at the Fair: Chicago's 1893 World's Columbian Exposition by Chaim M. Rosenberg, 2008-02-20
  11. Grand Illusions: Chicago's World's Fair of 1893 by Wim De Wit, James Gilbert, et all 1993-05
  12. The San Diego World's Fairs and Southwestern Memory, 1880-1940 by Matthew F. Bokovoy, 2005-11-01
  13. The Great Extravaganza: Portland And The Lewis And Clark Exposition by Carl Abbott, 2004-10-31
  14. Adventures in Art and Northwest Art Today (Seattle World's Fair)

61. State Fair Of Louisiana
organizations International Association of fairs and expositions, AmericanLivestock Show Rodeo Managers Association, Midwest fairs Association,
http://www.statefairoflouisiana.com/history.html
Founded by a group of Shreveport's leading citizens in 1906, the State Fair of Louisiana will celebrate 100 years in 2006. The founders' primary interests were to provide an institution to assist in developing the agricultural and industrial resources of the area and for the betterment of the citizens.
The State Fair of Louisiana, though located in Shreveport and the official State Fair for the State of Louisiana, has no formal ties to either the City or State. It is a private, not-for-profit membership organization with members representing a broad cross-section of Louisiana citizens who have exhibited interest in the goals and objectives of the Fair. The Fair is governed by a Board of Directors elected from the membership. Fair operations are directed by the President and General Manager, and assisted by a full-time staff as well as hundreds of volunteers.
Location
The State Fair of Louisiana is situated on approximately 157 acres and is located just off Interstate 20, with access from Jewella and Hearne Avenues. The Fairgrounds are located about three miles west of downtown Shreveport. (click here for map)
Fairgrounds
Although it is one of the state's largest single attractions and the State Fair of Louisiana's largest fundraiser, staging the annual exposition is but one of many activities held on the Fairgrounds. The Fairgrounds facilities, including the 10,300 seat Hirsch Memorial Coliseum, are used weekly for a multitude of “off-season” functions, such as musical concerts, hockey games and other ice events, sporting events, livestock shows, rodeos, and motor coach rallies.

62. Encyclopedia: Century Of Progress
Worlds Fair is the generic name for various large expositions held since the For the first time in american history, an international fair had paid for
http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Century-of-Progress

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    Encyclopedia: Century of Progress
    Updated 71 days 14 hours 21 minutes ago. Other descriptions of Century of Progress A 1933 Century of Progress world's fair poster The Century of Progress Exposition was a world's fair held in Chicago Illinois from to celebrate Chicago's centennial. The theme of the fair was technological innovation. Its motto was " Science Finds, Industry Applies, Man Conforms " and its architectural symbol was a sort of suspension bridge parallel to the shore on which one could ride from one end of the fair to the other. Image File history File links Century of Progress poster File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Century of Progress poster File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

    63. History @ Oregon :: Courses
    World’s fairs, or Universal expositions, were among the most important public Russell Magnaghi,” America Views Indians at the 1904 World’s Fair in St.
    http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~history/courses/spring2005/spring2005/407anthdirlik
    Prof. Arif Dirlik CRN: 37857/59 361 McKenzie CLASSROOM: 201 Condon
    TU 161850
    Phone: 346-4824
    Office Hours: W 1-3 or by appointment
    E-MAIL: adirlik@darkwing.uoregon.edu This is a seminar where class participation is expected. The theme of the course is one that lends itself to research in original materials. Course requirements will consist of weekly 2-3 page reflections on the readings(30%)[to be handed in weekly in class], a class presentation on a particular Fair or the representation of a particular society(or ethnicity or gender)across several Fairs, addressing one of the seminar themes below (15%), a research paper[10-15pp for undergrads, 15-20pp for grads](40%), class attendance and participation in discussions(15%). Class presentations and research papers will be determined in consultation with the instructor, which should come very early in the term. All the readings have been placed on reserve. Additionally, two of the texts will be available for purchase through the University Bookstore, R. Rydell, et.al, Fair America , and, Robert Rydell, All the World is a Fair Schedule of readings and discussions: March 29: Introduction to the Course
    April 5: Fairs in the Making of Colonial Modernity
    Robert Rydell, et.al.

    64. Dowling College Library - Selected Arts And Humanities Links
    history of Golf Part Five America and Golf The history of golf according to the World s fairs and expositions, 1876-1916 This provides many links to
    http://www.dowling.edu/library/links/ahlink.shtm
    Arts and Humanities
    Dramatic Arts
    E-Server Drama Collection Here you will find a collection of original plays and screenplays, criticism, and theatre links. Modern and classic drama are well covered by this up-to-date website which compiles the work of 226 writers, artists, editors and scholars. International Theatre Design Archive This archive promotes information, knowledge and skills related to all aspects of design and production in the performing arts. It is compiled of online indexes of scene, lighting, and production designs that are available on the Encourages professional theatre designers to archive their theatre designs on the Internet. The Internet Broadway Database IBDB is an archive of Broadway theatre information. It provides records of productions from the beginnings of New York theatre until today. Details include pertinent people involved as well as interesting facts and production statistics. The League of American Theatres and Producers, Inc.in association with Theatre Development Fund and New York State created this website/database. Kabuki for Everyone Kabuki plays date back to the 17th-19th centuries. This site includes Kabuki history as well as an audio clip of Kabuki sounds and several video clipsone of a Kabuki actor using makeup to become a beautiful woman.

    65. Americana Exchange - Rare Books, Book Auctions, Collecting Old Antique Books
    with any of the five volumes of Frank Luther Mott s A history of AmericanMagazines. fairs and expositions from Charles Wood Antiquarian Booksellers
    http://www.americanaexchange.com/NewAE/
    Rare Book Search and Research Keyword: Search in: Live Auctions AE Monthly Member Log In Name: Password: Remember my name Become a Member!
    Forget name or password?

    Free Services
    AE Monthly ... What do we have? Records in
    Bibliographical Database
    Searchable Auctions
    Searchable lots
    More than 85 auctions
    Scheduled this fall AE Monthly Feature Article Image From AE Database What Is happening At Abebooks?
    By Michael Stillman
    Consternation, confusion, controversy and downright anger are swirling around the largest old and used bookselling site in the world today, Abebooks.com. All of the major bookselling sites have strained relations with their sellers at one time or another, but Abe has been pilloried by the trade of late in ways not seen before. The explanation is that the venerable bookselling site has undergone some major changes recently. Changes almost inevitably lead ...more Source: HBradleyMartin
    Record Number: 2522 (Details) 1912 by James Chace A review by Bruce McKinney Acheson and he gains the support of the New York Times for the quality, if not the conclusions, of this work as they designated it a Notable ...more News Display Advertising Auctions in this month Auction Analyst -Writer Wanted Join the Americana Exchange As a Free member!

    66. 1893 World's Fair Link
    World s fairs and expositions Defining America and the World,18761916.World s fairs Making history Online - This site is a compilation of Internet
    http://washingtonmo.com/1893/1893links.htm
    Scenes from the
    1893 World's Fair
    The Columbian Exposition
    Chicago, Illinois
    by
    C Graham
    World's Columbian Exposition of 1893
    - Paul V. Galvin Library Digital History Collection World's Columbian Exhibition of 1893 in Chicago - Photographs from Shepp's World's Fair Photographed, Chicago and Philadelphia, 1893, and from Glimpses of the World's Fair Through a Camera, Chicago, 1893. 1893 World's Columbian Exposition - Re-live the glory of Chicago's finest hour. Its incredible architecture and layout became a pattern for the many expositions to come. The Web-Book Of The Fair a window on the Chicago World's Fair of 1893, the Columbian Exposition. One in four Americans traveled to personally witnessed the beauty, grace, power, and style of The Chicago Columbian Exposition. This is their story told in their words. The World's Fair, 1893 - Photographs from the Pennsylvania Department Collections, Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh The World's Fair Exposition Information and Reference Guide Making of America - A digitalized library of primary sources in American social history which allow you to view scanned images of the actual pages of the 19th century books and journals. World's Fairs and Expositions: Defining America and the World,1876-1916

    67. Chicago, The Phonograph, And The Fair
    Jackson Turner delivered his thesis, The Significance of the Frontier inAmerican history. Historical Dictionary of World s fairs and expositions.
    http://www.intertique.com/Chicago, the phonograph, and the Fair.htm
    Front Page Virtual OH Ohio map Virtual CT ... Classified Noteworthy News Archives
    Chicago, the phonograph, and the Fair
    (April 1993) "As they entered the Manufacturers and Liberal Arts building through one of the many small entrances on the north, the greatness of that more than forty-four acres of exhibits did not impress itself upon them. The first objects that me their gaze were the graphophones or phonographs." From a contemporary account, The Adventures of Uncle Jeremiah and Family at the Great Fair, Chicago, 1893. (Courtesy APM Press)
    I t was the grandest Fair of all time. 1993 commemorates the 100th anniversary of the World's Columbian Exposition, which itself commemorated the 400th anniversary of the discovery of the New World. The site appropriately was Chicago, a heartland city of one and a quarter million souls, risen from its own ashes of 1871. Chicago dedicated Jackson Park, a 526 acre lake front site seven miles south of the Loop. Native architect Daniel Burnham conceived an immense, neo-classical vision on a wooded island surrounded by lagoons. There was a statue of the Republic at one end, the Columbian Fountain at the other. One structure, the Manufactures Building, was boasted as the largest ever erected, over 30 acres. Gondoliers imported directly from Venice patrolled the lagoons. Because of its color and because of the use of "staff," a plaster-like material, this section of the Fair was known as the White City.

    68. Online Resources, The Gilded And The Gritty: America, 1877-1920, Toolbox Library
    Hypertext history An Online american history Text (ch. 2738) World s Fairsand expositions Defining America and the World, 1876-1916
    http://www.nhc.rtp.nc.us:8080/pds/gilded/generallinks.htm

    HOME
    Contact Us Site Guide Search
    (See also the Supplemental Links included with each selection in the Toolbox.)
    History Matters
    , from the American Social History Project / Center for Media and Learning (City University of New York, Graduate Center) and the Center for History and New Media (George Mason University). Among its many resources are:
    Many Pasts
    (excerpts from over 900 primary sources)
    Digital Blackboard
    (web-based activities)
    Search Page
    See "Development of the Industrial US, 1870-1900" and "Emergence of Modern America, 1890-1930." Digital History , from the University of Houston, the Gilder Lehrman Center for American History, the National Park Service, et al. Among its many resources are: Hypertext History: An Online American History Text (ch. 27-38)
    Teacher Resource Guides
    (see 1877-1900 and 1900-1929)
    History Reference Room

    Learn About the Gilded Age

    Ethnic America
    The Life Stories of Undistinguished Americans: As Told by Themselves ... Library of Congress: American Memory (primary documents, images, and media) Collections: 1850-1899 - 80 collections, including:

    69. Wells, Douglass,Penn, And Barnett/The Reason Why The Colored American Is Not In
    ROBERT W. RYDELL, a professor of history at Montana State University, All theWorld s a Fair Visions of Empire and american International expositions
    http://www.press.uillinois.edu/f99/rydell.html
    The Reason Why the Colored American Is Not in the World's Columbian Exposition
    The Afro-American's Contribution to Columbian Literature
    Ida B. Wells, Frederick Douglass, Irvine Garland Penn, and Ferdinand L. Barnett
    Edited by Robert W. Rydell
    Intended to demonstrate America's progress toward utopia, the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago pointedly excluded the contributions of African Americans. For them, being left outside the gates of the "White City" merely underscored a general exclusion from America's bright future. Exhibits at the fair were controlled by all-white committees, and those that acknowledged African Americans at all, such as the famous Aunt Jemima pancake exhibit, ridiculed and denigrated them. In response to the politics of exclusion that governed the fair and its larger implications of white supremacy, several prominent African Americans published The Reason Why the Colored American Is Not in the World's Columbian Exposition.

    70. Popcorn Exhibit - NAL Special Collections
    They were a common sight at fairs, parks, and expositions, and restaurants also Smith, Andrew F. Popped Culture A Social history of Popcorn in America.
    http://www.nal.usda.gov/speccoll/images1/popcorn.html
    Popcorn:
    Ingrained in America's Agricultural History

    Introduction

    Early History

    Europeans Meet Popcorn

    Popcorn Explosion
    ...
    Bibliography

    Introduction
    Everyone seems to love popcorn. It has become a mainstay at movie theaters, sporting events, amusement parks, and nearly everywhere else people gather. Although Americans are now such avid consumers of popcorn, and its agricultural history is long, its commercial history is comparatively short. Popcorn was not mentioned in early farm papers and seed trade catalogs until around 1880, but once the American public discovered it, popcorn's popularity quickly grew.
    Popcorn and candy stand in a park at Topeka, Kansas, July 31, 1912.
    Nearly all of the world's popcorn production is in the United States, with 25 states growing the crop. Over one fourth of the national production is in Nebraska, and Indiana produces only slightly less. Other major popcorn-producing states are Illinois, Ohio, and Missouri. Early History Hopi boy planting corn at Polacca, Arizona, 1918.

    71. The White City: 1893 World's Exposition
    World s fairs and expositions, 18761916many links Afro-american Women andthe Chicago World s Fairblack women respond to being excluded from the
    http://members.cox.net/academia/cassatt8.html
    Site Index ll Nichols Home Page
    Introduction: The White City
    by K. L. Nichols
    Say not, "Greece is no more."
    Through the clear morn
    On light winds borne
    Her white winged soul sinks on the New World's breast.
    Ah! happy West
    Greece flowers anew, and all her temples soar! from "The White City"
    by Richard Watson Gilder
    Make [ the Chicago World's Exposition ] bigger and better than any that have preceded it. Make it the Greatest Show on Earth. P.T. Barnum ( source Costing over a half billion in today's dollars and covering 686 acres, the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition and Fair in Chicago was a grand sight to its 27 million visitorsa planned layout of large, classically-inspired buildings (what we now call the "Beaux Arts" style) all built on the same scale and all painted whitehence, the nickname of "The White City." And within and around those white buildings was the most amazing display of 65,000 exhibits depicting (to quote the Exposition promoters) "all of the highest and best achievements of modern civilization; all that was strange, beautiful, artistic, and inspiring; a vast and wonderful university of the arts and sciences, teaching a noble lesson in history, art, science, discovery and invention, designed to stimulate the youth of this and future generations to greater and more heroic endeavor" source The neo-classic buildings surrounding the Grand Basin (reflecting pool) in the Court of Honor at the center of the "White City." See also this

    72. World's Fairs, UM Libraries
    Navigation Bar. Guides to Info. Resources Architecture World s fairs the World s a Fair Visions of Empire at american International expositions,
    http://www.lib.umd.edu/ARCH/guides/worldsfair.html
    Guides to Info. Resources Architecture
    World's Fairs
    Scope: This guide is a bibliography of selected general sources on World's Fairs in the University of Maryland Libraries and online. The guide contains a list of subject headings to be used when searching specific fairs in the catalog. See also the World's Fair Collection guide for information on the special collection held in the Architecture Library. Email the subject area specialist at jm127@umail.umd.edu or call 301-405-9260 for more information.
    Table of Contents
    Bibliographies
    • Bertuca, David J. The World's Columbian Exposition: a Centennial Bibliographic Guide . Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1996.
      LOCATION: ARCH SPCEXP
      CALL NUMBER: T500.L1B47 1996
      The Books of the Fairs: Materials about World's Fairs, 1834-1916, in the Smithsonian Institution Libraries . Chicago: American Library Association, 1992.
      LOCATION: ARCH SPCEXF, MCKREF STACKS
      CALL NUMBER: T395.S6 1992
      A Manual of the William Freeman Myrick Goss Library of the History of Engineering, and Associated Collections . Purdue University, Engineering Experiment Station, 1947.

    73. AMS/HIS420: American Studies Seminar
    Progress Made Visible american World s fairs and Expositons (From the Universityof Delaware Library) World s fairs and expositions (By Jim Zwick)
    http://www.easternct.edu/depts/amerst/WFlist.htm
    American Studies at Eastern Connecticut State Univeristy
    Originally posted as a reference to the Fall 2000 AMS 420 American Studies Seminar,
    Worlds Fairs and Centennial Exhibitions
    World's Fair WWW Sites Progress Made Visible: American World's Fairs and Expositons
    (From the University of Delaware Library) http://www.lib.udel.edu/ud/spec/exhibits/fairs/index.htm Liberty Bell Museum
    http://www.libertybellmuseum.com/fairs.htm
    World's Fairs and Expositions (By Jim Zwick)
    http://www.boondocksnet.com/expos/index.html
    American Memory (From the Library of Congress)
    This is an excellent site for primary sources, but you will have to dig a bit through the
    library's vast holdings to find what you need.
    http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amhome.html
    World's Fair Links (From the town of Washington, Missouri)
    http://www.washingtonmo.com/Library/
    World's Fairs Held in the US, 1853-1984 New York Crystal Palace Exhibition (1853-1854) Centennial International Exhibition (Philadelphia, 1876) International Cotton Exposition (Atlanta, 1881) World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition (New Orleans, 1884-85)

    74. University Of Washington Libraries - Image Collections
    The Milwaukee Repertory Theater Photographic history presents selected images canals, and dams; fairs and expositions; military and naval activities,
    http://www.lib.washington.edu/types/images/M.html
    @import url(/css/top.css); ask us email chat phone ... Off-Campus Access
    Image Collections
    A-F G-L S-Z For more information about a resource, click on . What does Library CD-ROM Network and UW restricted mean? What are the Usage Guidelines Details Title Maecenas images of ancient Greece and Rome /
    A collection of photographs of ancient Roman art and architecture in Italy and France
    Meiji-ki Nihon Shashin - Nagasaki University

    Metis

    Quick Time Virtual reality tours of many Greek archeaological sites Milwaukee Repertory Theater Photographic History Mark Avery collection, 1977-1994
    "The Milwaukee Repertory Theater Photographic History presents selected images of the plays performed from 1977to 1994. The digital collection includes 1,800 images documenting 195 performances. The images were selected from the Mark Avery Collection housed at the Archives at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Libraries (UWM Libraries). One of the larger regional theatres, the Milwaukee Repertory Theater stages both classical and contemporary plays. In addition to the Mark Avery Collection, the Archives at UWM Libraries holds other collections documenting the history of the Milwaukee Repertory Theater: Records of the Milwaukee Repertory Theater, 1953-1987, finding aid available at http://www.uwm.edu/Library/arch/findaids/mss095.htm, and The Larry Shue Papers, 1968-1985, finding aid at http://www.uwm.edu/Library/arch/findaids/uwmmss63.htm." Minnesota Historical Society visual resources database photographs, art, posters, fine art photographs

    75. African Americans At World's Fairs And Expositions
    Information from the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 to the Negro Historical and Industrial Exposition of 1915.
    http://www.boondocksnet.com/expos/wfe_africanamericans.html
    Defining America and the World, 1876-1916
    Edited by Jim Zwick
    General Resources

    Index of Fairs

    Photographs
    ...
    Posters

    Search
    Title Index
    African Americans at World's Fairs and Expositions
    World's Industrial and Cotton Exposition
    Colored Commissioners to be Elected to World's Exposition
    Cleveland Gazette (Aug. 23, 1884), on decision to appoint one African American commissioner from each state and territory, at The African-American Experience in Ohio, 1850-1920. The World's Fair
    By H. C. Smith, Assistant Commissioner, Cleveland Gazette (Nov. 8, 1884), a call for African American exhibits for the World's Industrial and Cotton Exposition held in New Orleans in 1885, at The African-American Experience in Ohio, 1850-1920. The World's Fair: The Colored People's Exhibit
    Cleveland Gazette (Dec. 13, 1884), a report on planned exhibits for the World's Industrial and Cotton Exposition, at The African-American Experience in Ohio, 1850-1920. The World's Fair: The Colored People's Exhibit Cleveland Gazette (Dec. 20, 1884), a supplemental report based on recruiting by B. K. Bruce, at The African-American Experience in Ohio, 1850-1920.

    76. 1964 New York World's Fair: Information From Answers.com
    1964 New York World s Fair The Long Island Expressway and Grand Central Parkway was a 15minute ride through a filmed presentation of american history.
    http://www.answers.com/topic/1964-new-york-world-s-fair
    showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping 1964 New York World's Fair Wikipedia 1964 New York World's Fair The Long Island Expressway and Grand Central Parkway meet at the fairgrounds. The General Motors pavilion to the left featured a 110-foot (33.5 m) high canopy, dubbed the "skijump". The 1964/1965 New York World's Fair was the second World's Fair to be held at Flushing Meadows Park in the Borough of Queens, New York in the 20th century . It opened on April 12 for two six-month seasons concluding on October 21 It was the largest World's Fair ever to be held in the United States Bureau of International Expositions (BIE) since it was established to regulate such events in and is often overlooked by historians because it was not an "official" World's Fair. This lack of BIE endorsement also meant that many large European nations such as the United Kingdom France and Germany , as well as Canada and Australia , chose not to participate in the Fair. Most international exhibits were sponsored by

    77. The History Of Jim Crow
    The Journal of american history gave Jimcrowhistory.org a rave review! African americans in The White City The World s Columbian Exposition of 1893
    http://www.jimcrowhistory.org/history/history.htm

    From Terror to Triumph

    Creating Jim Crow

    In-Depth Essay

    Surviving Jim Crow
    ...
    Let Us Know!

    Jim Crow History Resources
    Richmond, VA
    Historical marker posted in the 1920s The history of Jim Crow encompassed every part of American life, from politics to education to sports. This section is a good place to begin to access historical background, source material, and lesson plans that utilize the materials in the Geography, Literature, and Teacher Resources sections. We suggest that you begin your exploration of Jim Crow history by reading the themed essay, "From Terror to Triumph", below, in order to get a holistic look at Jim Crow from many angles. If you'd like to create an essay or lesson plan on Jim Crow history, please Join Us ! All teachers are paid for the work they contribute. The Journal of American History gave Jimcrowhistory.org a rave review! Read it here.
    History Essays: (Many more essays and lesson plans are in development, if you would like to contribute for pay, Join Us All essays and lesson plans are available to print as Adobe PDF files. If you don't have the FREE Adobe Acrobat Reader, click here From Terror to Triumph: Historical Overview
    This historical overview is actually a group of five themed essays focusing on creating, surviving, resisting, escaping, and transcending Jim Crow oppression and discrimination. These themes divide the history of the Jim Crow era, and offer teachers an organizational framework for understanding and teaching the subject. Each of these themes is explored further in the In Depth link. These essays, and others in the Teacher Resources section, provide a wealth of information about the changes and continuity in the tortured history of African Americans as they experienced segregation and discrimination from the Reconstruction Era to the 1950s.

    78. The History Of Jim Crow
    African americans in The White City The World s Columbian Exposition of 1893 Perhaps the greatest Africanamerican presence at the fair was Frederick
    http://www.jimcrowhistory.org/resources/lessonplans/hs_es_columbianexposition.ht

    Jim Crow Gateway

    Lesson Plans

    Simulations

    Narratives
    ...
    Let Us Know!

    African Americans in 'The White City:' The World's Columbian Exposition of 1893
    By David J. Cope While the United States Supreme Court methodically institutionalized Jim Crow segregation laws in the 1880s (by rejecting the Civil Rights Act of 1875) and 1890s (through its ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson), the nation announced its arrival on the political, economic and cultural world stage through an international exhibition held in its "second city," Chicago. Known as the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893, the great fair provided an outlet that introduced the United States' fantastic post-Civil War growth to the world. The 400th anniversary of "Columbus' discovery of America" provided the impetus. Realizing the impact that such a fair could have, New York City, Washington D.C., and Chicago vied as the main contenders to hold the exposition. After a fierce battle, Congress authorized Chicago as the host. Prominent businessmen and civic leaders formed the local organizing committee that successfully established the city's credentials. However, Congress authorized an additional National Commission to aid local supporters, and each state established individual commissions. So, the prospects for any African-American success at the exposition became entwined in a labyrinth of bureaucracy. Chicago set the stage well for the United States' premier performance before the world. The planners chose a lakefront site for the exposition and proceeded to hire major architectural firms to produce the 12 great exhibition buildings (Sophia G. Hayden, a graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, won the only architectural competition held for the Women's Building). The fair's architectural committee decided on a coordinated Beaux Arts design for the main buildings, with each painted a basic white to save time. Thus, the fair earned its nickname, "The White City," and, however architecturally true the name was, it regrettably also applied to the general attitude of the fair itself.

    79. Oregon Historical Society Home Page
    Exhibiting a history of empire at the 1905 Portland World s Fair The Oregonhistory Project is the recent recipient of an american Library Association
    http://www.ohs.org/

    80. African American Pamphlets - Time Line
    Time Line of African american history, 18811900 A World s Fair. The ParisExposition was held, and the United States pavilion housed an exhibition on
    http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/aap/timelin2.html
    Time Line of African American History, 1881-1900
    The following works were valuable sources in the compilation of this Time Line: Lerone Bennett's Before the Mayflower (Chicago: Johnson Publishing Co., 1982), W. Augustus Low and Virgil A. Clift's Encyclopedia of Black America (New York: Da Capo Press, 1984), and Harry A. Ploski and Warren Marr's The Negro Almanac (New York: Bellwether Co., 1976). Timeline: 1852-1880
    Timeline: 1901-1925
    President Garfield assassinated. President Garfield was shot on July 2; he died on September 19. Vice President Chester A. Arthur (Republican) succeeded Garfield as president.
    Tuskegee Institute founded. Booker T. Washington became the first principal of Tuskegee Institute in Tuskegee, Alabama, on July 4. Tuskegee became the leading vocational training institution for African-Americans.
    Segregation of public transportation. Tennessee segregated railroad cars, followed by Florida (1887), Mississippi (1888), Texas (1889), Louisiana (1890), Alabama, Kentucky, Arkansas, and Georgia (1891), South Carolina (1898), North Carolina (1899), Virginia (1900), Maryland (1904), and Oklahoma (1907).
    Lynchings.

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