21. Black History Websites At Blackrefer.com Recently added websites that features Black/African american history etc. African americans at World s fairs and expositions http://www.blackrefer.com/history.html

BLACK EDUCATION DIRECTORY: BlackRefer.com invites all peoples to join our celebration of these wonderful black sites. On this page you will gain knowledge about black history, importance and meaning of black history, historical perspectives, links, and more! SPONSORED LINK View Photos of Singles Black History 1 Black Fraternities 1... Black Colleges 1... ... Black Greek Apparel Hot Pick! Recently added websites that features Black/African American History etc. African American Images African American Registry African American Mosaic Amistad SPONSORED LINK BLACKREFER.COM:. tons of links to black websites! BLACK HISTORY page-1 African Americans This website is dedicated to all things for and about the African American Diaspora. African American Biographical Database Biographical database carefully assembled. African-American History History, African-Americans in the United States, articles, relevant links, photographs, text documents, chat, forum. African American History Challenge The Internet African American History Challenge is an interactive quiz that helps you sharpen your knowledge of African American History. African American Historical Text Archive Articles, related links, African American history.

22. Book Review The Journal Of American History, 87.1 The June, 2000. The Journal of american history and historical recreations, butfestivals, expositions, and world s fairs are also included. http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/jah/87.1/br_150.html

You have not been recognized as a subscriber to JAH online. About 214 words from this article are provided below; about 364 words remain. If you are a individual member of the Organization of American Historians, you may: login here if you have already registered for online access. register your subscription Set up your online account for the first time. If you are not a member of the Organization of American Historians, you can: Join the OAH and receive many member benefits including print and electronic issues of the Journal of American History. Purchase a research pass to gain two-hour access to the entire History Cooperative web site. You will have full access to current issues of the Journal of American History (86.1-present). Note: the Research Pass does not provide access to JSTOR's holdings of the Journal of American History. Instititutions can: Subscribe to this journal and receive print and electronic issues. Activate your existing subscription so that we recognize your IP number ranges. Book Review Destination Culture: Tourism, Museums, and Heritage.

23. Hannah Lieberman | Incubator Baby Shows: A Medical And Social Frontier | The His their premature residents at fairs and expositions, becoming the first personto do so. This book is about the history of american amusement parks. http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/ht/35.1/lieberman.html

Incubator Baby Shows: A Medical and Social Frontier Hannah Lieberman South High School, Minneapolis, Minnesota Senior Division Historical Paper, National History Day 2001 Competition AMERICA'S FIRST HOSPITALS for premature infants were built at the turn of the twentieth century at fairs, amusement parks, and expositions. These hospitals represented both a medical and a social frontier. They had a great impact on American medicine because they demonstrated the success of caring for premature infants using incubators. The incubator hospitals were a social frontier, because they challenged many of the social norms of the time, providing affordable care while marketing their product and making a large profit. The hospitals also had an impact on society as a whole because the public was exposed to new technology, which greatly improved the care of premature infants. Prior to the invention of the incubator, care of infants, including premature infants, was the responsibility of the mother, and doctors were not likely to take very much responsibility for the care of any infants. Most babies were born at home, which created a situation in which the doctor was not always readily available to care for infants. In general, doctors were "in no position to expand their direct responsibility for the newborn" (Baker 13). Because of this situation, death rates of premature infants were very high, often as much as 85 percent ("Wonderland is Now in Full Swing").

24. The Learning Page--Getting Started: Directory Of Internet Resources The Directory contains links to Internet resources in US history, Progress MadeVisible american World’s fairs and expositions – The library at the http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/start/inres/ushist/economic.html

The Library of Congress Economic History Africans in America - Companion site to the PBS series that examines the economic and intellectual foundations of slavery in America and the global economy that prospered from it. Includes a teacher's guide. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/ American Currency Exhibit - The Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco presents a well-illustrated history of U.S. currency. http://www.frbsf.org/currency/index.html American Economic History - University of West Georgia economics professor Carole E. Scott provides a rationale for studying economic history and transcripts of lectures on such topics as the effects of mercantilism in the colonies and the Great Depression. http://freepages.history.rootsweb.com/~cescott/economics.html Archive for the History of Economic Thought http://socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca/~econ/ugcm/3ll3/ Baker Library Historical Collections - Among the collections of the library at Harvard's Business School are manufacturers' trade cards from the late 19th century and documents and articles on women, enterprise, and society. http://www.library.hbs.edu/hc/

25. U.S. History Resources: 1860 Through The 1890s A history of american Agriculture 17761990 Chart following eleven major group portraits, schools, fairs and expositions, agriculture, industry, http://dewey.chs.chico.k12.ca.us/ss3.html

United States History Resources: 1860 Through the 1890s Special Section: Mrs. Larson's Civil War DBQ Project: Primary and Secondary Information Resources You may click to go directly to the following sections: The Civil War Reconstruction and the Industrial Revolution General 19th Century Information Resources American Memory at the Library of Congress: 1850-1900 The collections here cover the second half of the Nineteenth Century. They include many photographs and images. Images of African-Americans From the 19th Century The N.Y. Public Library has made this collection of images available. Search by subject or keyword. The Making of America Making of America (MOA) is a digital library of primary sources in American social history from the antebellum period through reconstruction. The collection is particularly strong in the subject areas of education, psychology, American history, sociology, religion, and science and technology. It contains approximately 1,600 books and 50,000 journal articles from the 19th century, a major endeavor in preservation and electronic access to historical texts. U.S. Historic Documents

26. 20th Century America american Cultural history The Twentieth Century - TERRIFIC SITE!!! TIMELINE1900-1999 World s fairs and International expositions http://www.teacheroz.com/20thcent.htm

Updated July 11, 2005 JUMP TO..... Comprehensive Sites - Timelines - Primary Documents - Maps 1900 vs. 2000 - Impact of the 20th Century Planes - Trains - Automobiles The First 20 Years: 1900-1920 ... Various Misc. Topics GENERAL AND COMPREHENSIVE SITES The History Guide A Student's Guide for Studying History Important developments, events and achievements of the 20th century 21st century Events, Trends, and People of the 1900s ... Fact Monster - U.S. (part of Fact Monster: Online Almanac, Dictionary, Encyclopedia, and Homework Help Mrs. Ruland's Social Studies Page History - United States History Encyclopaedia of USA History ... American Cultural History - The Twentieth Century - TERRIFIC SITE!!! TIMELINE: 1900-1999 The First Measured Century TIMELINE: Year by Year: 1900-2005 TIMELINE: Twentieth Century History ... Parthenon Graphics Timelines:  Full Size Images More timelines below according to each topic. For more, check out the TIMELINE section on my General U.S.A. History page. Maps, Flags, Timelines page. CHECK OUT MY PAGE ON.... "We Didn't Start the Fire": The History Behind Billy Joel's Song PRIMARY DOCUMENTS The Avalon Project : 20th Century Documents The Avalon Project : 21st Century Documents EyeWitness - The 20th Century EyeWitness to History - history through the eyes of those who lived it ... The Avalon Project : September 11, 2001 : Attack on America

27. Digital History The prototype for later fairs was the Crystal Palace Exposition in Three latenineteenth century american expositions were of particular significance. http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/learning_history/worlds_fair/worlds_fair_menu.c

World's Fairs as History It is curious that in our current age of globalization, world's fairs have largely disappeared. Since World War II, there have only been four official world's fairs: in Brussels, Belgium, in 1958, Montreal, Canada, in 1967, Osaka, Japan, in 1970, and Seville, Spain, in 1992. NOTE: The Bureau of International Expositions (or Bureau International des Expositions) is the organization responsible for sanctioning World's fairs. It is based in Paris, France and was established as an international convention in 1928. However, many fairs take place unsanctioned, e.g. the 1964/1965 New York World's Fair. (see http://www.bie-paris.org Although there would be influential world's fairs in the 20th century - such as the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis in 1904 and the 1939 New York World's Fair, centered on "the world of tomorrow" - the second half of the 19th century was the golden age of world's fairs. The prototype for later fairs was the Crystal Palace Exposition in London in 1851, which drew more than 6 million visitors who came to celebrate the industrial revolution and view some 13,000 exhibits. The symbol of the 1889 Paris Exposition Universelle was the Eiffel Tower.

28. History Of International Exhibitions, 1851-1951: For the most part, only international fairs and expositions whose goals went beyond Chicago 1992 american Library Association, 162, and more recently http://mcel.pacificu.edu/JAHC/JAHCIV1/E-REVIEWS/expositions.html

History of International Exhibitions, 1851-1951: A New Web Resource by Alexander C.T. Geppert (European University Institute, Florence) and Tammy Lau (California State University, Fresno) In recent years, both the alleged globalization avant la lettre and the anticipation of contemporary visual-virtual worlds in nuce http://www.theo.tu-cottbus.de/Wolke/eng/Bibliography/ExpoBibliography.htm The bibliography can also be viewed as a pdf file with Adobe Acrobat Reader software on the web site of the Donald G. Larson Collection on International Expositions and Fairs, 1851-1940, Special Collections Library, California State University, Fresno ( http://www.lib.csufresno.edu/SubjectResources/SpecialCollections/WorldFairs/Biblio-graphies.html The list is limited to scholarly secondary sources; at this stage, primary sources are excluded. Nevertheless, in its print version, it encompasses more than 50 pages and consists of almost 1,200 bibliographic entries. The list starts with a detailed table of contents whose constituent parts are hyperlinked to their pertinent sections, followed by research aids and general works and then the main body of the bibliography. This main section is organized first by country, then by exposition in chronological order and finally alphabetically by author/title. Each entry is numbered for easy reference. In order to reach the widest possible audience, the bibliography was mounted on two different university web sites, one in Europe and the other in the United States of America. Through the

29. UBT: Imagining The Pan-American Exposition World s fairs and expositions were the medium of choice for spreading that in the PanAm to UB professor of history and american studies Michael Frisch, http://www.buffalo.edu/UBT/UBT-archives/13_ubtw00/features/feature1a.html

COVER STORY Imagining the Pan-American Exposition FEATURES Dental Research Pulp Fiction Collection UB 101 Course Jesse (TV show) Related Sites PAN AM 2001 WNED-TV Pan-American Exposition 1901 The Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society ... The White House Millennium Council lternating current was about as old in 1901 as the Internet is now," Frisch notes. "Everybody knew that electricity was profoundly changing everything in the world, but it wasn't entirely clear yet how or with what implications. It's exactly where we stand now." Visitors to the Pan-American Exposition of 1901 were drawn to the predominating Electric Tower, center. "It's a great celebration of 1901," says College of Arts and Sciences dean Kerry S. Grant, the leading force behind UB's contribution to Pan-Am 2001, and himself a student of Pan-Am history and collector of Pan-Am artifacts. "It represents a time when Buffalo felt supremely optimistic and had pulled itself together as a community with the understanding that it was a major city, with the capacity to do even more. It needed to present itself to the world in that way." World's fairs and expositions were the medium of choice for spreading that message in 1901. And the message is equally relevant today.

30. Centennial Exhibition: Exhibition Facts | Web Resources fairsnet A history of fairs and expositions http//www.fairsnet.org/fhist.html philly Progress Made Visible american World s fairs and expositions http://libwww.library.phila.gov/CenCol/exh-further-links.htm

Centennial Timeline Further Reading: Centennial Web Sites For more and different perspectives of the Centennial Exhibition and life in 1876, visit some of these sites: 1876 Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition http://www.lib.csufresno.edu/SubjectResources/Special Collections/ WorldFairs/1876Philadelphia.html Selected half stereopticon views from The Donald G. Larson Collection on International Expositions And Fairs, 1851-1940, at the California State University, Fresno Sanoian Special Collection Library. Baird and The Centennial Exposition http://www.si.edu/organiza/offices/archive/ihd/baird/bairdd.htm Bright Lights, Bold Adventure: 1846-1878 http://www.150.si.edu/chap4/four.htm From the book , The Smithsonian: 150 Years of Adventure, Discovery, and Wonder Declaration and Protest of the Women of the United States http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/rbpebib: @field(TITLE+@band(Declaration+and+protest+of +the+ women+ of+the+ United+States+National+suffrage+association)) Broadside from 1876 in the American Memory Collection at the Library of Congress.

31. HQ - History fairs and expositions which furthered the use of Herefords in american beef began one of the brightest chapters in Hereford history‹a branded beef http://www.hereford.org/AHA/tabID__3488/tailored.aspx

Home Your browser does not support script Searches This site sponsored in part by: Hereford Heritage The Hereford breed of beef cattle was established near Hereford, county of Herefordshire, England, nearly 300 years ago as a product of necessity. Thrifty, enterprising British farmers were seeing the need to produce beef for the expanding food market created by Britain's industrial revolution. To successfully meet this growing demand, these early-day cattlemen needed cattle which could efficiently convert native grasses to beef, and do it at a profit. No breed at that time could fill that need, so the farmers of Herefordshire developed and founded the breed that logically became known as Herefords. These early Hereford breeders molded their cattle with the goals of high beef yields and efficient production. They so solidly fixed these traits that they remain today as outstanding characteristics of the breed. Cattle with the trade-mark white faces and distinctive red bodies are instantly recognized world-wide as a time-tested, reliable source of profitable beef cattle genetics. Other pioneering breeders followed Tomkins' lead and established the world-wide reputation for these Herefordshire cattle, thus causing their exportation from England to wherever grass grows and beef production is possible.

32. Fort Burgwin Library Many books in the Fort Library relate to Native american history. fairs,expositions, and the Changing Image of Southwestern Indians, 18761904, http://www.smu.edu/cul/FBL/nativeamer.htm

Guides to FBL Resources Native Americans Many books in the Fort Library relate to Native American history. For students and faculty in the SMU-in-Taos program, this guide lists some general sources but focuses on selected titles that cover late-19th century and 20th century periods and events. For pre-history, see the guide in this series on Archaeology Categories within this guide : Pueblos Reference Contemporary Issues Government Relations ... Selected Journal Articles See also other Library Guides in this series on Anthropology, Archaeology, and Ethnology Art: Architecture Art: Painting and Sculpture Art: Photography ... Sciences: Botany Pueblos For information about a specific Pueblo group, search PONI under the specific name (e.g., Acoma Pueblo, Cochiti Indians, etc.) as Subject. For more general information, search Pueblo Indians as Subject. Also, review the lists below for relevant titles. Reference Books A to Z of Native American Women Dictionary of Native American Mythology Documents of United States Indian Policy Encyclopedia of Native American Biography Encyclopedia of North American Indians Encyclopedia of Native American Religions Encyclopedia of American Indian Costume Great Documents in American Indian History Handbook of American Indian Religious Freedom Illustrated Atlas of Native American History Native American Almanac Native American History: A Chronology of a Culture’s Vast Achievements and Their Links to World Events Native Americans in the Twentieth Century: An Encyclopedia

33. Niagara Falls Reporter The DuSable Museum of African american history in Chicago is the oldest own separate exhibitions at various world fairs and expositions when they or http://www.niagarafallsreporter.com/menagerie114.html

Home Niagara Falls Reporter Archive BLACK MENAGERIE: COUNTRY SEES NEW WAVE OF INTEREST IN PRESERVATION OF BLACK HERITAGE By Bill Bradberry As we draw to the close of another full month of interest in all things black, another Black History Month over and done with until next year, behind the scenes, the struggle to correct our sins of the past goes on and on, from the powerful halls of justice to the crowded halls of our nations' classrooms. Every day, millions of American and European students are still being seriously miseducated about Africa. In America particularly, African-American students are dreadfully unaware of their true ancestries. Most of us have no idea where in the vast African Continent our ancestors are from. Most of us have no idea that Africa is a continent instead of a country. Most of us could not name more than two countries on the continent. Like everyone else here, we all accepted as truth the myths that we were taught to believe, that we are the descendants of slaves, that all of our ancestors arrived in Jamestown in 1609, that they were themselves descendants of subhuman, wild, undisciplined, non-Christian, tribal cannibalistic heathens who had been either purchased from warring tribes, or simply hunted down and snagged in huge nets. With so little understanding of our true roots, many of us are absolutely lost and are completely baffled when confronted with the actual documented history, the way things really were before the 400-year scourge of captivity and slavery.

34. Related Links history of the american West Photographs of the Denver Public Library World s fairs expositions Defining America and the World, 18761916, http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/reference/links.html

Reference Desk Reference Email Duplication Services Off-site Collections (NRLF) Rights and Permissions ... Resources for Faculty Research Materials African Americans in California Anthropology Collections Biography and Genealogy Incunabula Database ... Newspapers and Periodicals Related Links Special Bibliographic Files UCB Library Research Guides UCB Library Catalogs Bancroft Library Finding Aids Online Archive of California Pathfinder GLADIS ... Archives at UC Berkeley California History General African Americans in California Bancroft, Hubert H.(works of) Berkeley ... San Fernando Valley San Francisco General Churches Earthquake Genealogy ... Other Archives The American West Academic Info: The American West Digital Library The American West The American West (HarpWeek) Congress and the American West: The Transcontinental Railroad ... Women Artists of the American West: Past and Present Archives at UC Berkeley Architecture Slide Library Environmental Design Archives Media Resources Center Water Resources Center Archives California History General "California As I Saw It" (Library of Congress) California History California History Online (California Historical Society) California History - Social Science Project ... Westward By Sea: A Maritime Perspective on American Expansion California History African Americans in California African Americans in California California Underground Railroad, CSU, Sacramento

35. History An expert on world fairs and expositions, he has published a basic reference Editor of the Journal of Early american history, the Journal of the Early http://newsinfo.iu.edu/cat/page/normal/144.html?s=persons&n=13

36. THEATRE ARTS 126: LINKS Reviews in american history, Johns Hopkins University Topsy and Eva Play Vaudeville Progress Made Visible America s World s fairs and expositions http://www.brown.edu/Facilities/University_Library/courses/ta126/ta126links.html

CIRCUS MAGIC SIDESHOWS, WAXWORKS AND CARNIVALS VAUDEVILLE, BURLESQUE, MUSIC HALL AND VARIETY ... Theatre Arts 126 Home Page CIRCUS Circusweb Circus Cirque du Soleil Circus World Museum ... Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show University of Virginia Buffalo Bill Bowling Green State University Last of the Great Scouts: The Life of Col. William F. Cody "Buffalo Bill" Kansas Collection Books University of Kansas Buffalo Bill New Perspectives on the West: PBS TOP SIDESHOWS, WAXWORKS, AND CARNIVALS Bibliography of Contortion and Hypermobility The American Midway The Jim Rose Circus Sideshow Madame Tussaud's: The Tussaud Group ... TOP PERFORMERS The Sarah Bernhardt Pages Harrigan and Hart Why a Duck? The Marx Brothers Page Bert Williams Homepage ... TOP VAUDEVILLE AND BURLESQUE VARIETY AND MUSIC HALL Vaudeville Memories American Variety Stage Music Hall, Vaudeville, and Burlesque (1843) Vaudeville and Burlesque ... "A Hero! Is Dot a Business?" Vaudeville Comedy and American Popular Entertainment Susan Glenn Reviews in American History, Johns Hopkins University

37. IDSA Design History Section - Archives Smithsonian Institute National Museum of american history www.americanhistory.si.eduArchive Center World s fairs expositions German Design Reform http://www.idsa.org/whatsnew/sections/dh/archives.html

There are number of excellent archival organizations with impressive collections of Design History. Some have their own web sites. Contact them for details regarding contributing your personal and/or professional materials for archival. Art Institute of Chicago - www.artic.edu/aic Mr. John Zukowsky - John H. Bryan Curator of Architecture The Art Institute of Chicago 111 South Michigan Avenue Chicago, IL 60603 phone fax Ms. Mary Woolever - Art and Architecture Archivist The Art Institute of Chicago 111 South Michigan Avenue Chicago, IL 60603 phone fax The Ernest R. Graham Study Center for Architectural Drawings The Art Institute of Chicago's comprehensive collection of architectural sketches, renderings and drawings. General Info Partial Summary of Industrial Design Collections Mel Boldt and Associates, Inc. 46 drawings. Dept. of Architecture , from the 1960s to 1980s, for Zenith, Amana, Presto, Brunswick and other clients.) Henry P. Glass, FIDSA (b. 1911)

38. CPL - Chicago Metro History Fair *Today in history, December 2, 1942 Library of Congress, american Memory Project Rydell, Robert W. World of fairs; The Centuryof-Progress expositions. http://www.chipublib.org/003cpl/hf/started.html

CPL Collections Libraries, Museums and Schools History Fair Checklist online catalog for locations. Keep in mind that items in this list are just starting points. Depending on the focus of your project, other books or articles or Web sites may be more useful. In most cases the Chicago Public Library, particularly the Harold Washington Library Center , has other sources about the topics. You may also wish to check other libraries in Chicago. The Strategic Importance of Chicago in the 19th Century U.S. General Land Office, Communicated to the Senate, Twentieth Congress, February 16, 1829. Application of Illinois for Grant of Land to Complete the Canal between Illinois River and Lake Michigan. microfiche , Government Documents Department, 5th floor, Harold Washington Library Center) U.S. General Land Office, Communicated to the Senate, Twenty-First Congress, March 25, 1830. Proposition to lay Off a Town at Chicago, Illinois

39. WWW Virtual Library Economic And Business History: Web Resources: United States american Economic history (Prior to 1929) Guide to Resources at Schaffer Progress Made Visible american World s fairs and expositions curated by Iris http://www.neha.nl/w3vl/unitedstates.html

WWW Virtual Library Economic and Business History Go to: Contents What's new About Geographical ... Alphabetical Search: This Virtual Library Our 3 Virtual Libraries More Options Help Other Virtual Libraries on This Server: WWW VL Labour History WWW VL Women's History WWWVL Indonesia Also on This Server: IISH Historical Prices and Wages Entrepreneurs Portrayed Tulip Book The WWW Virtual Library: W3VL Overview W3VL Alphabetical W3VL Search W3VL Central Database W3VL: History Central Catalogue The W3VL History Network Maintained by: for the Netherlands Economic History Archive (NEHA) United States Africa Argentina Asia Australia ... Uruguay United States Associations and Societies Academy of Accounting Historians General information, journal, newsletter. Agricultural History Society General information, journal. American Association for State and Local History Programs and publications. American Aviation Historical Society General information. American Printing History Association Newsletter, journal. Association for Historical Research in Marketing Newsletter, conferences. Association of Public Data Users General information.

40. Deborah Willis, Carla Williams: The Black Female Body what we thought we knew about African and African american history and culture. World s fairs and expositions 5. The National Geographic Aesthetic http://www.temple.edu/tempress/titles/1356_reg.html

Recovering a photographic legacy Buy this book! View Cart Check Out The Black Female Body A Photographic History Deborah Willis and Carla Williams cloth 1-56639-928-9 $60.00, Jan 02, Available 240 pp 9x12 185 duotones 26 color illustrations Finalist for the Publishers Marketing Association's Ben Franklin Award, Reference Category, 2003 National Gold Ink Bronze Award, 2002 Outstanding Academic Title, Choice, 2002 Lowery Stokes Sims , PhD, Director, The Studio Museum in Harlem Searching for photographic images of black women, Deborah Willis and Carla Williams were startled to find them by the hundreds. In long-forgotten books, in art museums, in European and U.S. archives and private collections, a hidden history of representation awaited discovery. The Black Female Body offers a stunning array of familiar and many virtually unknown photographs, showing how photographs reflected and reinforced Western culture's fascination with black women's bodies. In the nineteenth century, black women were rarely subjects for artistic studies but posed before the camera again and again as objects for social scientific investigation and as exotic representatives of faraway lands. South Africans, Nubians, enslaved Abyssinians and Americans, often partially or completely naked and devoid of identity, were displayed for the armchair anthropologist or prurient viewer. Willis and Williams relate these social science photographs and the blatantly pornographic images of this era with those of black women as domestics and as nursemaids for white children in family portraits. As seen through the camera lens, Jezebel and Mammy took the form of real women made available to serve white society.

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