101. Professor Hubert Dreyfus They demonstrated that computers were physical symbol systems whose symbols And, indeed, isn t the success of expert systems just what one would expect? http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~hdreyfus/html/paper_socrates.html

Home Courses Selected Papers Selected Books ... UC Berkeley From Socrates to Expert Systems: The Limits and Dangers of Calculative Rationality Hubert L. Dreyfus Stuart E. Dreyfus It has been half a century since the computer burst upon the world along with promises that it would soon be programmed to be intelligent, and the related promise or threat that we would soon learn to understand ourselves as computers. In 1947 Alan Turing predicted that there would be intelligent computers by the end of the century. Now with the millennium only three years away, it is time for a retrospective evaluation of the attempt to program computers to be intelligent like HAL in the movie 2001. Actual AI research began auspiciously around 1955 with Allen Newell and Herbert Simon's work at the RAND Corporation. Newell and Simon proved that computers could do more than calculate. They demonstrated that computers were physical symbol systems whose symbols could be made to stand for anything, including features of the real world, and whose programs could be used as rules for relating these features. In this way computers could be used to simulate certain important aspects intelligence. Thus the information-processing model of the mind was born. But, looking back over these fifty years, it seems that theoretical AI with its promise of a robot like HAL appears to be a perfect example of what Imre Lakatos has called a "degenerating research program". A degenerating research program is one that starts out with a successful approach to a new domain, but which then runs into unexpected problems it cannot solve, and is finally abandoned by its practitioners. Newell and Simon's early work on problem solving was, indeed, impressive, and by 1965 Artificial Intelligence had turned into a flourishing research program, thanks to a series of micro-world successes such as Terry Winograd's SHRDLU, a program that could respond to English-like commands by moving simulated, idealized blocks. The field had its own Ph.D. programs, professional societies and gurus. It looked like all one had to do was extend, combine, and render more realistic the micro-worlds and one would have genuine artificial intelligence. Marvin Minsky, head of the M.I.T. AI Laboratory, predicted in 1967 that "within a generation the problem of creating `artificial intelligence' will be substantially solved."

102. Expert System An expert system is a computer program capable of considering a vast body ofknowledge, reasoning, and then recommending a course of action. http://www.eskimo.com/~mighetto/lsexpert.htm

Expert System An expert system is a computer program capable of considering a vast body of knowledge, reasoning, and then recommending a course of action. The major difference between the modern technology of expert systems versus classical algorithmic techniques is the ability to develop systems that infer answers from complex and incomplete knowledge bases. In other words, just as an acceptable answer although not necessarily the optimal answer can be determined by a human, given incomplete and perhaps unrelated facts, an expert system can be made to choose rational and perhaps multiple answers from a set of rules and facts. Perhaps the easiest description of an expert system comes from Digital Equipment Corporation's XCON. This system is used to configure complex computer systems and was once referred to as R-1 (as in "we are one"). R-1 was the short hand answer to the question " What is an expert system ?" and was developed in 1980. The first expert system was developed by Edward Shortliffe in 1975. The HAL computer of "2001" is a well-known example of a futuristic expert system. The Decision Maker expert system consists of an explanation portion , a knowledge acquisition portion , a database portion , and a report portion Explanation Portion Top Next Prev Bot The explanation portion of the expert system software displays a decision tree to assist the user in determining why a question is being asked or a solution has been identified. The decision tree (explanation ) model for the system can be found in Robert Tannenbaum and Warren Schmidts's work which appeared in Harvard Business Review in 1954, and in the books "Leadership and Decision Making" by Victor Vroom and Philip Yetton from

103. Personal Computer-based Expert System For Quality Assurance Of Antimicrobial The A personal computer (PC)based expert system developed to monitor the appropriatenessof antimicrobial therapy is described. Susceptibility test data and http://www.ajhp.org/cgi/content/abstract/50/10/2067

HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ... TABLE OF CONTENTS QUICK SEARCH: [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year: Vol: Page: This Article Order Full text via Infotrieve Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal ... Download to citation manager PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Morrell, R Articles by Winslow, R American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, Vol 50, Issue 10, 2067-2073 Articles Personal computer-based expert system for quality assurance of antimicrobial therapy R Morrell, B Wasilauskas, and R Winslow HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ... TABLE OF CONTENTS

104. Experts Exchange, The #1 IT Professional Collaboration Network On The Web. Free online ask an expert site for computer questions. http://www.experts-exchange.com/

September 21, 2005 - 03:33AM PDT Home Storage OS DB ... Misc Get Started Here Search IT solutions Ask a technology expert Get instant answers Search white papers and web casts Who's Using EE More IT professionals have found their answers at Experts Exchange than at any other IT site Manage My Account Create a New Account Member Login Login Password Remember Me Forgot your Password? Go Pro with Premium Services Common Questions Need Assistance? Get Newsletters Customer Service Become an Expert Take a Survey Grab some Question Points Business Solutions Enterprise Solutions Hall of Fame Check out our IT Rock Stars. Proven Experts in over 100 technology channels Premium Services 1,356,571 searchable IT solutions with new solutions added every day 3,429,513 IT professional Members Webcasts on demand IT white papers Current Hot Site Wide Solutions Retrieve XP CD Key (17824 views) The pain of SKU011.cab

105. HIDES: A Computer-Based Herbicide Injury Diagnostic Expert System BioOne(TM) is a webbased aggregation of research in the biological, ecologicaland environmental sciences. It is under development by the American http://www.bioone.org/bioone/?request=get-abstract&issn=0890-037X&volume=019&iss

106. Login To BioOne BioOne(TM) is a webbased aggregation of research in the biological, ecologicaland environmental sciences. It is under development by the American http://www.bioone.org/bioone/?request=get-document&issn=0890-037X&volume=019&iss

107. An Expert System For Chemical Structure Elucidation Implemented On A Blackboard 23 CHEMICSF A computer Program System for Structure Elucidation of Organic 26 A Massively Parallel expert System Architecture for Chemical Structure http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=98801

108. An Example Of Management Training In Expert Systems: SBA Loan Evaluation System 11 Carroll, Paul B. Computers Cut Through the Service Maze. PC ExpertSystems Solving RealLife Business Problems. PC Week June 5, 1989 57-59. http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=97754

109. Expert Systems Without Computers Or Theory And Trust In Artificial Knowledge engineers qualified to build expert systems are currently in short supply.We propose that production of useful and trustworthy expert systems can http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/doyle84expert.html

110. A Computer-Assisted Expert System For Interpreting The Consequences Of Bioaccumu This technical note describes a prototype expert system being developed to assistmanagers and scientists in the interpretation of bioaccumulation test http://www.stormingmedia.us/30/3012/A301292.html

Home About Us Contact Us View Cart ... Solid Wastes Pollution and Control A Computer-Assisted Expert System for Interpreting the Consequences of Bioaccumulation in Aquatic Animals (COBIAA) Authors: Thomas Dillon Charles H. Lutz Mark H. Houck Eric Markstrom ... ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS Abstract: This technical note describes a prototype expert system being developed to assist managers and scientists in the interpretation of bioaccumulation test results and their potential effect on the disposal of dredged material. This is a microcomputer (MS-DOS(TM)) based system, operating in the Microsoft Windows(TM) environment. This technical note describes a prototype expert system being developed to assist managers and scientists in the interpretation of bioaccumulation test results and their potential effect on the disposal of dredged material. This is a microcomputer (MS-DOS(TM)) based system, operating in the Microsoft Windows(TM) environment. Limitations: APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Description: Technical note Pages: Report Date: NOV 92 Report number: Keywords relating to this report: AQUATIC ANIMALS BIOASSAY COMPUTER APPLICATIONS DISPOSAL ... TOXICITY Printed Format - $11.45

111. TweakTown :: Beginner To Expert Trusted Computer Content On Overclocking, Coolin Reviews, articles and comprehensive guides to tweak your computer system. http://www.tweaktown.com/

Wednesday 21st September, 2005 Sponsored Links » TweakTown Newsletter » Over 50,000 people currently recieve our New Content Alert, do you? Enter your e-mail address below to receive our FREE newsletter and keep up-to-date! Recent Forum Threads » Power supply question.. Firewall Question. cannot uninstall Panda antivirus software Deals ... Contact New Content @ TweakTown » Read More » GeCube Radeon X800GTO – Another new VPU from ATI Published: 15/09/2005 Author: Shane Baxtor The folks out at ATI's headquarters in Canada have been busy little beavers and things aren't set to stop anytime soon. Only recently we saw the release of the Radeon X800GT which goes up against the GeForce 6600GT and today ATI's are releasing another new PCI Express VPU called Radeon X800GTO which is designed to go up against the GeForce 6800 standard, among others. Read on as we take a close look at GeCube's version of the X800GTO which is pitted against the X800GT. Read More » PC Security Guide – Protection from Viruses, Attacks and Spyware

112. Expert Systems Books - GameSpy.com Price Comparison GameSpy.com The most comprehensive gaming site on the Web, covering PC and videogames with reviews, previews, features, cheats, walkthroughs, screenshots, http://gamespy.pricegrabber.com/search_attrib_books.php/bkcat2=71588

Video Games Computers Electronics More.. ... Your Account Search All Products Apparel Books Computers Electronics Magazines Movies Music Musical Instruments Office Photography Software Sporting Goods Toys Video Games for Home Books Expert Systems (99 Matches) Books Sorted by Popularity Sort by Title Fuzzy Logic and Expert Systems Applications (1 Releases) Editor: Cornelius T. Leondes Hardcover from (11 Sellers) The Essence of Expert Systems (1 Releases) Author: Keith Darlington (1 Seller) Machine Intelligence 15 (1 Releases) Subtitle: Intelligent Agents Editor: Stephen Muggleton Koichi Furukawa Donald Michie Hardcover from (2 Sellers) Knowledge-Based Neurocomputing (1 Releases) Author: Jacek M. Zurada Editor: Jacek M. Zurada Author: Ian Cloete Editor: Ian Cloete Hardcover from (5 Sellers) The Logic of Knowledge Bases (1 Releases) Author: Hector J. Levesque Gerhard Lakemeyer Hardcover from (8 Sellers) Knowledge in Action (1 Releases) Subtitle: Logical Foundations for Specifying and Implementing Dynamical Systems Author: Raymond Reiter Hardcover from (10 Sellers) Expertise in Context (1 Releases) Subtitle: Human and Machine Editor: Kenneth M. Ford

113. What Is Expert System? - A Word Definition From The Webopedia Computer Dictionar This page describes the term expert system and lists other pages on the Web whereyou can find additional information. http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/E/expert_system.html

You are in the: Small Business Computing Channel View Sites + ECommerce-Guide Small Business Computing ... »Close Enter a word for a definition... ...or choose a computer category. choose one... All Categories Communications Computer Industry Companies Computer Science Data Graphics Hardware Internet and Online Services Mobile Computing Multimedia Networks Open Source Operating Systems Programming Software Standards Types of Computers Wireless Computing World Wide Web Home Term of the Day New Terms Pronunciation ... Be a Commerce Partner expert system Last modified: Wednesday, February 19, 2003 A computer application that performs a task that would otherwise be performed by a human expert. For example, there are expert systems that can diagnose human illnesses, make financial forecasts, and schedule routes for delivery vehicles. Some expert systems are designed to take the place of human experts, while others are designed to aid them. Expert systems are part of a general category of computer applications known as artificial intelligence To design an expert system, one needs a knowledge engineer

114. TU Wien, Institute Of Information Systems, Database And Artificial Intelligence Research focus is on database systems and theory and the connection betweendatabases and AI. http://www.dbai.tuwien.ac.at/

Vienna University of Technology Computer Science Department Institute of Information Systems Database and Artificial Intelligence Group About us Staff members Address and contact information Research Fields of research Publications Technical Reports Projects ... Talks Teaching Courses Praktika/Diplomarbeiten (master's thesis) Services Library: books proceedings journals Mailing-lists ... for local users Search: News DBAI is a co-organizer of the Workshop on Graph and Hypergraph Decompositions DBAI participates in Semantic Web School Nysret Musliu is a guest co-editor of special issues of the Journal of the Operational Research Society (JORS) and the Journal of Mathematical Modelling and Algorithms (JMMA) on Advanced Hybrid Meta-Heuristics Prof. Georg Gottlob elected full member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences Gottlob gives invited talk at the ACM PODS in Paris and at the IJCAR in Cork. 1.3.2004: Start of REWERSE EU Project of which TU Wien is a member. Jürgen Dorn leads new horizontal head project at Prof. Georg Lausen (Univ. Freiburg) is appointed visiting Professor at our institute and teaches "Semistrukturierte Daten 2" this semester.

115. AllRefer.com - Expert System (Computers And Computing) - Encyclopedia AllRefer.com reference and encyclopedia resource provides complete informationon expert system, Computers And Computing. Includes related research links. http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/E/expertsy.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather September 21, 2005 Medicine People Places History ... Maps Web AllRefer.com You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia Computers And Computing ... expert system By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z E expert system, Computers And Computing Related Category: Computers And Computing expert system, a computer system or program that uses artificial intelligence techniques to solve problems that ordinarily require a knowledgeable human. The method used to construct such systems, knowledge engineering, extracts a set of rules and data from an expert or experts through extensive questioning. This material is then organized in a format suitable for representation in a computer and a set of tools for inquiry, manipulation, and response is applied. While such systems do not often replace the human experts, they can serve as useful adjuncts or assistants. Among some of the successful expert systems developed are INTERNIST, a medical diagnosis tool that contains nearly 100,000 relationships between symptoms and diseases, and PROSPECTOR, an aid to geologists in interpreting mineral data. See A. Bonnet

116. Fishing Expert-400 Fishing Tips - PC Software The data base contains hundreds of possibilities which the expert system links to The expert system is a popular technology used for relaying complex http://www.st-tech.com/fishexpe.htm

FISHING EXPERT Software for Fishing for Bass, Walleye, Trout, Musky, Panfish From STRAT-TECH, INC., Milwaukee, WI USA Add this powerful software to your fishing equipment and fishing tackle ! Recommended #1 in BASS MASTERS Magazine BASS MASTERS March 2002 article Guaranteed for 10 days or your money refunded - no questions asked To Buy Online: Select Price and Delivery Option and click the Buy Now button once: Single User @ USD 25.95 Delivery by: Download Now via Internet Single User @ USD 28.95 Delivery by: U.S. Mail to U.S. and Canada Single User @ USD 31.95 Delivery by: U.S. Mail outside of U.S. and Canada Above is Secure - SWREG from CompuServe and AOL (10 CCs, U.S. and International toll free 800 fax, toll free 800 phone, check options) Alternate Ordering Service from DigiBuy Catch More Fish! Have More Fun Fishing! Fishing Expert contains an intelligent data base for bass, trout (brook, brown, rainbow trout), musky, walleye, crappie, and bluegill which asks you questions about the conditions you go fishing under and then provides one of over 400 proven fishing methods or patterns. You respond to questions on weather, time of year (e.g. spring, summer, fall), type of water (e.g. lake, river, or stream, wind, spawning conditions, high / low pressure systems,and more. The methods given are unique for the fish specified by you (largemouth bass, trout, walleye, musky, and panfish). Techniques for boat control are also related to the conditions you specify.

117. College Student Journal: Student Advisement: Applying A Web-based Expert System This paper describes a webbased expert system, which provides advice to high school Computers have had limited value in college student counseling. http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0FCR/is_4_36/ai_96619963

@import url(/css/us/style1.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); @import url(/css/us/articles.css); @import url(/css/us/artHome1.css); Home Advanced Search IN free articles only all articles this publication Automotive Sports FindArticles College Student Journal Dec 2002 Content provided in partnership with 10,000,000 articles Not found on any other search engine. Featured Titles for ASA News ASEE Prism Academe African American Review ... View all titles in this topic Hot New Articles by Topic Automotive Sports Top Articles Ever by Topic Automotive Sports Student advisement: applying a web-based expert system to the selection of an academic major College Student Journal Dec, 2002 by Fritz H. Grupe Save a personal copy of this article and quickly find it again with Furl.net. It's free! Save it. Academic advisement is unevenly provided in many high schools and colleges. Academic advisement appears to be an appropriate domain for an expert system. This paper describes a web-based expert system, which provides advice to high school students and to college freshmen that are seeking a potential major. The on-demand consultation gathers information about a student's grades, interests, test scores, interests and aptitudes. It assesses student qualifications for a variety of majors. The expert system recommends six majors for them to consider and provides further information sources about the major. Introduction This paper describes an expert system designed to improve the ability of colleges and universities to offer student advising. The system provides a basis for designing other advising systems and for conducting research on the role of computer-based systems in major counseling.

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