21. Glasgow Zoo - Now Closed By far the most common bear species in european zoos is the brown bear Ursus arctos, Most of the brown bears in european zoos belong to the European http://www.glasgowzoo.co.uk/articles/carnivores/conferencebears3.php

Glasgowzoo has now closed these pages are for information only Back to Conference Index EUROPEAN COORDINATION OF BEARS Drs. Koen Brouwer, National Foundation for Research in Zoological Gardens/ EEP Executive Office, c/o Amsterdam Zoo, P.O. Box 20164, 1000 HD Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Introduction A European Endangered Species Programme (EEP) was initiated for the spectacled bear Tremarctos ornatus several years ago; this programme is co-ordinated by Bryan Carroll of the Jersey Wildlife Preservation Trust. Two years ago it was also decided to establish an EEP-programme for the sloth bear Melursus ursinus . Dick Dekker of Amsterdam Zoo was appointed as co-ordinator for this species and the National Foundation for Research in Zoological Gardens (NFRZG) is providing him assistance in organising and managing this breeding programme. The spectacled bear and the sloth bear populations in Europe suffer from the same problem: their numbers are too low for a successful breeding programme. Co-ordinators of both programmes therefore may have to expand the number of animal spaces in European zoos used for their species. Consequently, the two species could become "

22. Glasgow Zoo - Now Closed Establish priorities for further research on bears in european zoos. 3. The statusof bears in European institutions should be monitored on a regular basis. http://www.glasgowzoo.co.uk/articles/carnivores/conferencebears11.php

Glasgowzoo has now closed these pages are for information only Back to Conference Index WORKSHOP 3: EUROPEAN TAXON ADVISORY GROUP FOR BEARS Rapporteur: Koen Brouwer, EEP Executive Office, Amsterdam Zoo, Amsterdam Necessity The necessity for a taxon advisory group was endorsed by all participants of the working group. The European Bear Survey conducted in 1990 indicated quite clearly that co-ordination is absolutely necessary if we are interested in maintaining viable populations of at least a limited number of bear species for a long term period. Additionally, as a direct result of the survey the EEP Executive Office has received many communications from European institutions regarding a variety of issues dealing with captive bear management, such as choice of species, enclosure design, and well-being issues, indicating the need for an international forum for discussion of these matters. Objectives The EEP Bear TAG should be composed of a group of bear specialists and/or zoo professionals with the goal of developing and helping to enforce a strategy that will lead to the long term survival of behaviourally, genetically and physically healthy bear populations of a selected number of bear species in European zoological institutions. Support in any form or manner should also be provided to valid conservation activities involving

23. Zoo Almost 2 million visitors in european zoos have signed a protest to stop “In the european zoos we find some of the world’s most fantastic animals. http://www.zoo.dk/cms/showpage.asp?nodeid=8559

24. Zoo activities of the european zoos within as well as outside of Europe. Zoo hasmajor experience with nature preservation work and participates actively in http://www.zoo.dk/cms/showpage.asp?nodeid=95459

25. STATUS AND REPRODUCTIVE CAPACITY OF THE ASIAN ELEPHANT IN ZOOS AND CIRCUSES IN E At present nearly 500 Asian elephants are kept in european zoos and circuses . Age distribution of Asian elephants in european zoos and circuses in 1992. http://www.zoonews.ws/IZN/287/Ele.html

STATUS AND REPRODUCTIVE CAPACITY OF THE ASIAN ELEPHANT IN ZOOS AND CIRCUSES IN EUROPE BY JEANNETTE SCHMID Introduction et al. , 1993; European Elephant Group, 1996). Captive population of Asian elephants in Europe et al. , 1993), so the male-female ratio was 1:9. Both zoos and circuses prefer to keep females. The keeping of bulls is believed to be dangerous, because of the periodic musth phases during which the handling of bulls is nearly impossible, because they show increased aggression and irritability, and decreased responsiveness to the commands of their keepers (Jainudeen et al. , 1972; Scheurmann and Jainudeen, 1972; Adams, 1981). The increase in aggression corresponds to increased testosterone serum levels during the musth phase (Rasmussen et al. , 1984; Cooper et al. Figure 1. Age distribution of Asian elephants in European zoos and circuses in 1992. The population consists of 454 females (left side) and 49 males (right side) living in 110 zoos and 51 circuses. The ages of one male and 14 females are unknown. et al.

26. 299/gulls The following species are recommended to be kept in european zoos and should There are 76 blackwinged stilts in 18 european zoos, and they are in http://www.zoonews.ws/IZN/299/gulls.html

BORING BROWN BIRDS AND DULL GULLS? – THE WORK OF THE EEP CHARADRIIFORMES TAXON ADVISORY GROUP BY ACHIM JOHANN The order Charadriiformes comprises about 320 bird species of very different appearance, ranging from the rail-look-alike jacanas via the waders to the terns, gulls and auks. In zoos the vast majority of members of this taxon are somewhat neglected. In the wild, on the other hand, waders in particular are of great interest for bird-watchers, though it may be that gulls are too common a sight to be species of interest to zoos. Working procedure The recommended species list why the species was chosen (i.e. educational role, diversity of collections, model species, conservation concern). It had been decided in advance that European species should be given preference if there was competition for space among closely related species, e.g. between European and American avocets or Mexican and black-winged stilts. Wattled Jacana Jacana jacana ). Forty wattled jacanas are registered as being kept in 13 European zoos (data from the 1999 survey). Only two zoos report breeding success. All jacana species are said to be difficult to maintain and breed, and so far zoo stocks have depended on ongoing imports from the wild. As zoos are interested in jacanas, especially for maintenance in tropical houses, efforts should be made to establish a self-sustaining captive population. Therefore husbandry guidelines are essential, and as a first TAG action Pierre de Wit, Emmen Zoo is working on compiling husbandry guidelines for the species.

27. European Zoo Nutrition Centre - Introduction 20 % of the european zoos an animal nutritionist is employed. Fact sheetsFact sheets can be made for species kept in european zoos. http://www.eznc.org/primosite/show.do?ctx=7795,44764&anav=44752

28. Elephants Adult elephants in european zoos have about half the 30year lifespan of theircounterparts working in Asian timber camps, when they could expect to reach http://www.captiveanimals.org/elephants/rspca.htm

Live hard, die young - how elephants suffer in zoos On 23rd October the RSPCA published the fullest ever study into the welfare of elephants in zoos. The study, conducted by scientists at Oxford University shows elephants die young in European zoos, having suffered from deficient enclosures, poor diet, illness, inappropriate social grouping, and rough treatment at the hands of their keepers. Do elephants really belong in places like this... Adult elephants in European zoos have about half the 30-year lifespan of their counterparts working in Asian timber camps, when they could expect to reach 60-65 in the wild. Zoo breeding programmes also have an abysmal record - 35% of zoo females fail to breed, 15-25% of Asian zoo babies are stillborn, and another 6-18% are rejected or even killed by their mothers. Zoo enclosures can be 60 to 100 times smaller than the smallest wild territories - with 90% of those in Europe providing no grazing. For several years CAPS has investigated the keeping of elephants in zoos, and our major undercover investigation of elephant training at Blackpool Zoo was widely covered in the RSPCA report. We have for a long time criticised the training of elephants in zoos to perform circus-style tricks, and these tricks have also been condemned in this report.

29. CAPS: Chester Zoo Convicted Chester Zoo has been fined, and ordered to pay costs, after admitting the mostcomprehensive study into the welfare of elephants in european zoos. http://www.captiveanimals.org/elephants/chester.htm

Chester Zoo convicted Health and safety breaches revealed Richard Hughes suffered a fractured skull after being struck on the head by 30-year-old female elephant Kumara in February 2001. He died nine days later in hospital. Shortly after the accident the zoo admitted Kumara had previously attacked another keeper twice. The prosecution had claimed that there was an "unreasonable risk of injury" generated by the zoo because there were no written protocols on the handling and training of elephants. Chester Zoo later euthanised Kumara because of illness. The conviction was welcomed by CAPS, who attended today's hearing. CAPS have now called for a wider debate on the ethics of keeping elephants in captivity and about the zoo industry in general. A spokesperson for CAPS said: "Richard Hughes' death was a tragedy, but this incident can not be forgotten now that the court case is over. We have to take this opportunity to open the debate widely about the captivity of elephants and other animals in zoos." Four elephant keepers have been killed in British zoos since 1990 and in that same time at least 65 people have been killed and over 130 injured by elephants worldwide.

30. N.A.P.A.K - Armadillos In European Animal-Keeping - Article Archives Only eleven individuals are currently recorded in european zoos (ISIS records,2004) A close relative of the Ninebanded, the Southern Long-nosed Armadillo http://www.napak.com/armadillos.html

Available Articles The Learning Curve Marmots of the World First Aid Kit Oban Zoo World ... Armadillos in Europe Welcome to N.A.P.A.K Armadillos In European Animal-Keeping During the past ten years or so armadillos of several species have become more commonly kept and bred within Europe, both on zoological institutions and in private collections. Although various species have a long history within European animal-keeping – especially the Nine-banded Armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) which has been used as a research model particularly for leprosy studies for many years – it is only relatively recently that consistent breeding has been achieved. In the first section of this article I hope to give a summary of the current situation in Europe concerning the holding and breeding of the various armadillo species, to refer back to species that have previously be held in captivity in Europe (in some cases albeit for very limited periods) and to project forward to see what may transpire in the coming decade. In the second section I will consider typical husbandry regimes for the maintenance and breeding of armadillo species, using knowledge gleaned from private keepers and zoos and drawing-upon, wherever possible, my personal experience with six species. The later including the successful breeding of the Three-banded Armadillo (Tolypeutes matacus) of which our first success – a delightful male by the name of Dillon – now stars in Edinburgh Zoo’s Education Department’s demonstrations. A further pair of this species – supplied by us to another NAPAK member, Scott Gendall – have themselves gone on to already produce a young male of their own.

31. AMUR — AMUR Events Most european zoos will be taking part in a special year of awareness about thetigers of the world. AMUR will be supporting this project in Russia. http://www.amur.org.uk/events.shtml

Russian Amur Tiger and Leopard Day 27th September 2003 AMUR Moscow Half Marathon team 2003 Children dressed in tiger costumes dance for Prince Michael Managing Director of Land Rover Russia, Andrew Daniel hands over the keys to Dr Dale Miquelle Tiger cake made by Marriott Pastry Chef Wolfgang Wagenleitner Moscow Half Marathon Team 2001 Upcoming Events in 2005 The following events will soon be taking place. Moscow Half Marathon (7th May 2005) Run the Moscow Half Marathon @ 12a.m. 7th May 2005 to raise money for Russian Amur tiger and leopard Conservation. Each team member will receive the following support: To be part of the international AMUR Half Marathon/10 km team each person must: As the aim of the AMUR team is to raise money for conservation please try to raise some money in sponsorship from your friends and family to make a donation to AMUR of at least $100. To secure your place on the team please register by sending an email to e.newman@mail.ru ECO-TOUR to the Homeland of the Amur tiger and leopard As part of the trip, you will have the chance to meet the conservationists who are involved in saving the 300 or so tigers and 30 remaining leopards that roam the Primorsky Krai. And of course, part of the proceeds of the trip will go towards the conservation work being carried out. Conditions, at times, will be basic. However, you will travel to a little known part of Russia and have the unique chance to see for yourselves the pristine wilderness of one of the largest reserves in the world.

32. Zoo Licensing Act Having won our fight for a european zoos Directive, we now want to make surethat Britain continues to lead the way in putting zoos at the heart of http://www.bristolzoo.org.uk/learning/facts/keepers

Site map Printer friendly Text size Home Learning zone Zoo facts Zoo Licensing Act Home About us Kids Visiting the Zoo ... Links Zoo Licensing Act What is the Zoo Licensing Act? The Zoo Licensing Act enacted in 1981 and came into force in 1984. The Act requires the inspection and licensing of all zoos in Great Britain. The Act aims to ensure that, where animals are kept in caged surroundings, they are provided with a suitable environment to provide an opportunity to express most normal behaviour. Zoos must comply with both the provisions of the Act, and with the requirements set out in the Secretary of State's standards of modern zoo practice. How Does it Work? Responsibility for the day to day operation of the licensing system rests with local authorities. The licensing and other executive functions of the Act are carried out by District Councils (usually the Environmental Health Department). The Secretary of State for the Environment, Transport and the Regions has responsibility for maintaining a list of zoo inspectors and setting detailed standards for zoo management with which zoos are expected to comply. The Secretary of State has a two-part list of inspectors that he can call on to inspect the zoos. The first part contains names of veterinary surgeons and veterinary practitioners who have experience of zoo animals. The second part lists persons who are competent (in the Secretary of the State's opinion) to inspect animals in zoos, to advise on their welfare and to advise on general zoo management issues. Inspectors' expenses are paid by the licensing authority, and recharged to the owner of the zoo.

33. Leopard Fact Sheet At one time this race was very common in european zoos, with populations exceeding200 individuals. Subsequently, populations of this subspecies have http://www.csew.com/felidtag/pages/Educational/FactSheets/leopard.htm

Leopard, Panthera pardus Legal Status : Leopards living in the southern half of Africa are listed as Threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. All other populations in Africa as well as the Middle East and Asia are listed as Endangered. The entire species is regulated in international commerce by CITES as an Appendix I species. As a species , IUCN considers the leopard Vulnerable although many individual subspecies or populations possess much higher categories of threat. Description : Among felids, leopards are best described as spotted, medium-sized members of the Pantherinae, the subfamily which includes all "roaring" cats: lions, tigers, jaguars and leopards, as well as clouded leopards, snow leopards and marbled cats. Typically leopard markings consist of solid spots, or clusters of spots called rosettes. In certain parts of their range, particularly southern Asia (India to Malaysia and the island of Java), black or melanistic color phases also occur, although at close range, markings can still be seen. On Java, the majority of individuals are black. Range : The leopard, or panther as it is called in some parts of Asia, is the most widespread member of the Family Felidae, if not the entire Order Carnivora. Even today leopards can still be found from the southern cape mountains of South Africa throughout most countries of Africa south of the Sahara, across the Middle East to Southeast Asia and Java as well as northward to the Russian Far East. Leopards are absent from Sumatra, perhaps because of the presence of tigers and six other species of felids, and from Borneo, probably because of the absence of a large ungulate prey base. More recently they have been extirpated in all North African countries except Morocco. Overall, leopards are most common in east, central and southern Africa and rarer elsewhere.

34. Sample Chapter For Hanson, E.: Animal Attractions: Nature On Display In American To be sure, unlike european zoos, the first American zoos had few ties to Although european zoos appear occasionally in this study to provide points of http://www.pupress.princeton.edu/chapters/i7349.html

SEARCH: Keywords Author Title More Options Power Search Search Hints E-MAIL NOTICES NEW IN PRINT E-BOOKS ... HOME PAGE Animal Attractions: Nature on Display in American Zoos Elizabeth Hanson Book Description Endorsements Class Use and other Permissions . For more information, send e-mail to permissions@pupress.princeton.edu This file is also available in Adobe Acrobat PDF format Introduction On a rainy day in May 1988, a lowland gorilla named Willie B. stepped outdoors for the first time in twenty-seven years. Born in Africa in 1958, Willie B. had been captured by an animal collector and was delivered to the zoo in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1961, where he was housed by himself in an enclosure of concrete and heavy bars. Twenty years later, after complaints about the zoo's management, a television was provided to relieve his isolation. (He watched M*A*S*H* 60 Minutes , and a save-the-zoo telethon.) Willie B. was listless and overweight, and hardly an ambassador for gorilla conservation, until the day when he tentatively looked out on the grass and trees of a new, naturalistic immersion exhibit at the renovated Zoo Atlanta. Other gorillas were released into the exhibit, and Willie B. soon adjusted to life in a social group, became a father, and evidently lived happily until his death in February 2000 at the age of forty-one. Willie B. had been the zoo's most popular attraction; a crowd of more than seven thousand people attended a memorial service in his honor. In his lifetime he had journeyed from being an object of voyeurism in a sterile cage to a muscular silverback, foraging for raisins and behaving like a gorilla. He achieved a kind of zoological fulfillment in his opportunity to live a more authentic gorilla life than he had behind bars, a transcendence in his return to nature.

35. ZOO Decin In Europe EAZA the European Association of ZOOs and Aquariums was established.In the 1990´s this originally exclusive club of West european zoos was http://www.zoodecin.cz/en/cervkn.htm

Basic facts about RED DATA BOOK : In the course of editing of thisRed Data Book issue only 10 % of 1.7 million species so far identified has been assessed, and it is supposed that 1.7 million is just a fraction of really existing number of species. Conservation of endangered species On each continent a continental organisation of ZOOs is active, organising regional breeding programmes and formulating its specific strategies and tasks. In Europe EAZA - the European Association of ZOOs and Aquariums was established. In the 1990´s this originally exclusive club of West European ZOOs was transformed ina really European institution comprising also the states of former USSR. In the framework of EAZA the first so called European Endangered Species Programmes - EEP were established as a reaction to the similar programmes of some North American ZOOs. What is EEP? EEP is a tool of European ZOOs intended for the co-ordination of the breeding of a chosen animal species. All ZOOs but also private breeders breeding or intending to breed such a species can enter the programme. The programme is managed by a co-ordinator who issues recommendation for the relocation of animals, for establishingof pairs or groups, etc. Such a recommendation is no command but it is in the interest of every breeder to respect these recommendations otherwise such person’s participation in the programme would be contra-productive. There are many criteria for starting a new programme. Nevertheless the most important is the seriousness of the situation of a species in nature, number of individuals living in captivity, and the structure of genetic basis, i.e. a sufficient genetic variability of a given population in captivity. In case of a high degree of kinship or a higher number of old animals or if one sex prevails, a strengthening of such population with animals from programmes from other continents or from the wild can be considered.

36. ZOO Decin These animals are becoming scarce in the wild, and in european zoos only 80 The european zoos as a whole report about 10 newborn animals of this unique http://www.zoodecin.cz/en/stezka.htm

Let us have a walk round the Dìèín ZOO to discover nearly unknown, rare or scarcely bred animal individuals from animal kingdom. We shall introduce: „The smallest cow of the world“ (Mountain anoa) „There live Siegfried and Helga (Grizzly bears „We are too beautiful - that is the trouble“ (Persian leopard ) „Feeding and petting allowed“ (Children’s ZOO) ... „Cleanliness first! (Racoon) „Fastidious beaks“ (Lories) „Are you a diver?“ (Goldeneye) „Hissing smart fellows“ (Black storks) „A mysterious cat from the heart of jungle“ (Jaguarundi) „Speaking eyes“(Black mangabey) „A rarity from Sulawesi“ (Sulawesi crested macaque) „A beauty with the finest wool“ (Vikuna) „White acrobats“ (Rocky Mountain goat) „Faithful friends and helpers“ (Donkeys and Hucsul horses) Mountain anoas , the tiniest wild buffalos of the world are the first inhabitants to be seen in the ZOO . They live on Sulawesi Island (Indonesia) and belong to the most endangered species on earth. No information exist about the number of individuals living in the wild. The animals you are watching belong to theEuropean group consisting of ten individuals only. Besides Dìèín ZOO and their habitat you can see them only in Krefeld ZOO in Germany from where these males and one female have come (born in 1993, 1994, 1995 respectively). The pair living in our ZOO was baptised by the Indonesian ambassador in the Czech Republic himself. The male is called Basso and the female is Noni. They have living in the ZOO since 1997.

37. Belfast Zoo Belfast Zoo is 1 of only 5 european zoos now looking after these beautiful lemurs . Zoos belonging to the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) http://www.belfastzoo.co.uk/news_page.asp

Barbary lions Mojo goes to South Africa Latest News Friday the donkey ... Federation awards The Pride of Belfast Zoo! The renovated lion house has become home to three Barbary Lions that have come from Port Lympne Zoo in the south of England, one male lion and two females. Barbary lions are now extinct in the wild, so we are delighted to be able to give a home to these incredibly special animals. It is currently being investigated to see if one day Barbary lions might be reintroduced to safe areas of the wild. Make sure you come along to the Zoo and see Belfast Zoo’s latest arrivals. The lions can be seen outside and now, with their newly refurbished house, they can also be seen when they are inside as well. So, on your next visit to the Zoo, you’ll be sure to see them! back to top Mojo and his brothers head for sunny South Africa! Belfast Zoo’s international star, ‘Mojo’, the colobus monkey, is set to leave for sunny South Africa. Mojo shot to fame in June this year, after he decided to leave his family for a week’s break. When Mojo returned to Belfast Zoo, the decision was taken that the fall out between dad, Tommy, and Mojo could not be reconciled and that it would be best to try and find a new home for the little adventurer. When colobus monkeys become teenagers, they start to challenge their dad, just like Mojo did. The dad will face any challengers and chase them off before they would become a threat to his male dominance within the group. This is the reason why it was decided to send Mojo and his 6 brothers to a new home in South Africa.

38. EEP - European Conservation Program european zoos care about the conservation of endangered animal species Currently, preparations are being made to found a panEuropean zoo association http://kraniche.vogelfreund.net/englisch/conservation/

< back < back to homepage EEP - European Endangered Species Programme - European zoos care about the conservation of endangered animal species "It does not matter In which lake you discover a spill of pollution, In the forest of which country a fire breaks out, Or on which continent a hurricane originates: You are guardian of the entired earth" (Joeri Artjoechin) "In the end, we will only conserve what we love, we will only love what we know, we will only know what we are taught." (Baba Dioum) These two maxims provide the premise for the conservation of theatened species undertaken by a large network of European zoos. The EEP organisation, an abbreviation of the "European Endangered Species Programme" coordinates and stimulates the endeavours towards that conservation . Threatened anirnals in zoos serve as ambassadors of nature, conveying the importance and urgency of nature conservation. Even now the very existente of a number of these species has become entirely dependent an zoos. Nature and Nature Conservation The earth is the house of life. We all live together on this earth: plants, animals, and people; creating an intertwining, interconnecting web of life. Only unbroken this network ensures a house where it is good to live. Each plant and animal forms a fibre and is thus important, whether inhabiting a Dutch polder, a mountain side in the Alps, or even a far away sea or desert. Every human being shares a responsibility for all other life within this web and for maintaining the livability of our house.

39. Elephant Free UK A study of 20 european zoos in 1996 revealed that young were produced on averageonce every 22 years, whereas in the wild elephants give birth once every http://www.bornfree.org.uk/elephantfree/elefree05.html

NEWS PROJECTS EDUCATION GET INVOLVED ... RSPCA Report Elephants in zoos - the track record Longevity - wild elephants can live to 70 years old but few in zoos reach half that age. The European Elephant Group discovered that 63% of the 120 Asian elephants born in captivity between 1902 and 1992 in Europe died before the age of eight. Only 44 (37%) of individuals lived long enough to become sexually mature. In the 170 years that London Zoo displayed elephants, 69 have been displayed and 27 have died at London Zoo; 85% died before the age of 21 and 30% of those that died were less than 6 years old. Reproduction - despite the fact that both the African and Asian elephant are part of European Breeding Programmes, breeding success is very low. A study of 20 European zoos in 1996 revealed that young were produced on average once every 22 years, whereas in the wild elephants give birth once every four to five years. According to data collected by the European Elephant Group, out of 450 Asian elephants kept in European zoos in 1992, only 19 were able to breed. That indicates a breeding base of just 4%, which would clearly not be able to make a meaningful contribution to the captive let alone the wild population of Asian elephants.

40. Zoo Check News Monaco Zoo is one of hundreds of european zoos where animals lead lives of misery.With YOUR help we can make a difference to these animals. http://www.bornfree.org.uk/zoocheck/zcnews20.htm

NEWS PROJECTS EDUCATION GET INVOLVED ... NOW Working to help the animals of Monaco Zoo Background info into Born Free's Zoo Check Campaign: Zoo Check is one of the Born Free Foundation's eight major campaigns. Zoo Check is at the heart of Born Free's core belief that wildlife belongs in the wild. Zoo Check believes that the confinement of wild animals for human entertainment should be a thing of the past. Since 1984 Zoo Check has been challenging the captive industry, changing public attitudes and fighting the suffering endured by animals in zoos. Born Free's agenda for captive animals: Short term - expose cruelty and unnecessary suffering Medium term - promote and support the highest possible standards of animal welfare Long term - influence and encourage a change in priorities away from captivity in favour of keeping wildlife in the wild. Zoo Check has campaigned against the poor conditions at Monaco Zoo since 1996. This public campaign forced Prince Rainier to improve conditions at the zoo. Zoo Check revisited the zoo in March 2003, but despite some changes the 100 or so animals remain in small, inadequate conditions. It is impossible to enlarge their enclosures due to the location of the zoo; built into the sides of a cliff. The lone white rhino, the orangutans and the chimpanzees featured in the 1996 campaign no longer appear to be at the zoo and Zoo Check is investigating their location. Meanwhile, those animals that remain endure barren concrete enclosures, peering through iron bars. Many display abnormal behaviours: 'pacing', 'neck-twisting' or the continual licking of walls, induced by years in captivity. This is not a suitable life for these animals.

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