61. Pindar Press - Publishers Of Art History And Archaeology Publishers of art history and archaeology Classical, Byzantine, Medieval, Germany, the low countries, and Denmark in the early seventeenth century, http://www.pindarpress.co.uk/catalogue/post-renaissance/kaufmann-architecture.ht

Medieval Western European since Renaissance Islamic Authors ... Contact Us site design Admindesk Web Publishing European Art since the Renaissance by Thomas DaCosta Kaufmann 24 x 17 cm 546 pp. 224 illus. Publication: 2004 ISBN 1 899828 65 6 Cloth Bound This volume presents a selection of studies written during the past decades by Professor DaCosta Kaufmann on a variety of topics concerning the history of painting, sculpture, art theory, collecting, and architecture. It includes several of h is ground-breaking essays interpreting art at the Prague court of Rudolf II (1576-1512). However, the collection represents other aspects of the broad range of his interests as well: the papers gathered here range through Central Europe from the sixteenth to the early nineteenth century. In addition to essays on Rudolfine Prague, another "complex of papers deals with art at other courts in Salzburg, Germany, the Low Countries, and Denmark in the early "seventeenth century, and with art during the time of the Thirty Years' War. Two papers consider important developments in the history of collecting. Five essays offer interpretations of architecture (and sculpture) in Bohemia, Germany, Austria and Poland during the eighteenth and early nineteenth century.

62. University Of Exeter Press - Archaeology, Further Information Students of archaeology. The serious amateur enthusiast of castle studies. Britain to the Caucasus, the low countries to Upper Egypt, Spain to Jordan. http://www.exeterpress.co.uk/archcon.htm

Index by Title Index by Author/Editor Ordering Information FAQs ... Home Arthurian Sites in the West A completely new revised and enlarged edition of this classic survey of monuments in South-West England associated with the stories of King Arthur and Knights of the Round Table: the castle of Tintagel, the great hill-fort of Cadbury in south Somerset, the ruined abbey at Glastonbury and Castle Dore in south Cornwall—the setting for one of the greatest European love-stories of all time, that of Tristan and Isolde. In each case the archaeological evidence is summarised, and linked with relevant Arthurian literature. The book includes maps, plans, photographs and suggestions for further reading; it will be valuable to specialists as well as accessible to the general reader. Author: M.J. Swanton is Professor of Medieval Studies at the University of Exeter. Domestic Wooden Artefacts "The book will become a standard of reference for wooden artefacts in western Europe." Newswarp "This is a fascinating book which has implications far beyond woodworking itself into the structure of the society that produces the woodworking."

63. European Study Highlights Persistent 3 Decade Increase In Childhood Cancer Incid Research from 19 european countries in this week s issue of THE LANCET Centres of excellence should be developed in lowincome countries to train staff. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/12/041220032739.htm

@import "/styles/navbar.css"; @import "/styles/tabStyles.css"; Set home page Bookmark site Add search Latest News ... Email to friend Text Size A A A Front Page ... Advertise With Us Source Lancet Date Print this page Email to friend European Study Highlights Persistent 3 Decade Increase In Childhood Cancer Incidence Research from 19 European countries in this week's issue of THE LANCET documents how childhood cancer, while still rare, has been slowly increasing over the past 3 decades. Related News Stories Faster Radiotherapy More Effective In Head And Neck Cancer, Trial Shows (September 22, 2003) full story New Report Shows Female Lung Cancer Death Rates In Europe Still Rising (July 15, 2005) The first comprehensive picture of female lung cancer mortality trends in Europe shows rates are still rising in most countries. But, the research does indicate that there is some room for cautious ... full story New Estimates For The Causes Of Child Deaths Worldwide (May 29, 2005) The most accurate estimates of the causes of child deaths to date, published in the March 26, 2005 of THE LANCET, reveal that worldwide more than 70% of the 10.6 million child deaths that occur ... full story Moderate Malnutrition Kills Millions Of Children Needlessly (July 1, 2003)

64. Profile: Ian Blanchard: Main Publications The origins of medieval Western european silver monometallism, 420720 AD , Scotland and the low countries 1124-1994 (East Linton, 1996), 76-88. http://www.shc.ed.ac.uk/Profiles/IBlanchard_MP.htm

University Homepage School Homepage School Contacts School Search ... Staff Profile: Ian Blanchard Main Publications Recent Postgraduates Supervised Current Postgraduates Supervised Main Publications 1. Medieval and Early Modern Economic and Social History 1 (i) Books Mining, Metallurgy and Minting in the Middle Ages , four volumes (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2001- ): Vol. 1. Asiatic Supremacy, 425-1125 (2001); Vol: 2. Afro-European Supremacy, 1125-1225 (African Gold Production and the First European SilverProduction Long-Cycle) (2001); Vol: 3. Continuing Afro-European Supremacy, 1250-1450 (African Gold Production and the Second and Third European Silver Production Long-Cycle) (2005). International Lead Production and Trade in the "Age of the Saigerprozess," 1460-1560 Editor of Labour and Leisure in Historical Perspective, Thirteenth to Twentieth Centuries Co-editor (with Anthony Goodman and Jennifer Newman) of Industry and Finance in Early Modern History . Essays presented to George Hammersley on the occasion of his 74th Birthday

65. Some Sites Of Historical-geographic Interest Historical geography of the low countries. The Dutch HistoricalGeographicalJournal publishes in The Dutch foundation for archaeology has its own site. http://users.bart.nl/~leenders/other.html

Some sites of historical-geographic interest Historical geography of the region of the former duchy of Brabant History of the region of the former duchy of Brabant Historical geography of the Low Countries Historical geography in general ... More general Historical geography of the region of the former duchy of Brabant The introduction of barbed wire in the landscape of North-Brabant at the same moment of the disappearence of the demand for oak-bark (the leather-industry switched over to tanning with chrome) resulted in a much more open landscape. But also in the USA barbed wire had a deeply felt effect. More about this... Old Maps of Brabant, the duchy and some parts of it. In September 2000 the province of North-Brabant published on CDrom the Map of Cultural-Historical Values (CHW) email , but you can also see a partial presentation on the Net. Everything is in Dutch. An update is in the making but not yet ready. The Identity Factory Southeast (IDentiteitsfabriek Zuid-Oost: IDZO ) creates a cultural infrastructure in the Kempenland, the region in the southeast of the province North-Brabant in the Netherlands, making optimal use of objects present inside (and outside!) museums and of events on many stages, of values of the landscape and natural history peculiarities and of recreational and tourist facilities spread all over the area. Maps and pictures about North-Brabant can be found at the Topographical-Historical Atlas in Tilburg. Go to the

66. University Of Guelph 2001-2002 Undergraduate Calendar XIICourse A survey of Ancient Greek Art and archaeology, with stress on form and function plus The visual arts in the low countries, the German territories, http://www.uoguelph.ca/calendar_archives/undergrad/October2001/12arth.shtml

2001-2002 Undergraduate Calendar XIICourse Descriptions, Art History School of Fine Art and Music. Students with a special interest in particular courses in Art History should consult the School concerning prerequisites. ARTH*1510 Art Historical Studies I F(3-0). [0.50]. A consideration of the visual arts in the Western tradition. Emphasis will be placed on historical and critical analysis of key monuments and on the prerequisite technology, as well as on various ways of looking at the visual past and present. Focus will be on the visual arts from prehistory through the Middle Ages. ARTH*1520 Art Historical Studies II W(3-0). [0.50]. A continuation of ARTH*1510 with particular emphasis on the visual arts from the Renaissance to today. Prerequisite(s): ARTH*1510 ARTH*2150 Art and Archaeology of Greece F(3-0). [0.50]. A survey of Ancient Greek Art and Archaeology, with stress on form and function plus stylistic trends and aesthetic values. The course will illuminate the cultural, social, and political life in Ancient Greece. (Also listed as CLAS*2150 Equate(s): CLAS*2150 ARTH*2280 Modern Architecture: Architecture from the Industrial Revolution to Today W(3-0). [0.50].

67. Leuven of Leuven is the oldest university in the low countries and the biggest inFlanders. This may involve both the archaeology of Belgium (such as http://www.area-archives.org/leuven.htm

Department of History, Catholic University of Leuven Blijde-Inkomststraat 21 3000 Leuven Belgium Tel. +00-32-(0)16-32.50.60 Fax. +00-32-(0)16-32.49.93 Contact: David Van Reybrouck The Catholic University of Leuven is the oldest university in the Low Countries and the biggest in Flanders. Founded in 1425, it now welcomes more than 25,000 students, 8 % of which come from outside Belgium. Its Department of History has a long-standing reputation for research on such topics as Belgian identity politics since the late 18th century, historiography and historical culture in the nineteenth and twentieth century Europe, history of ideas and history of science between 1860 and 1940. The Leuven Department of History is implicated in AREA at two levels of activities: Documentary track: Thematic track: Upon the results of the documentary track, a doctoral or post-doctoral researcher will be involved with topical research on the interrelationship between archaeology and Belgian identity politics. This may involve both the archaeology of Belgium (such as nineteenth-century Palaeolithic archaeology or Gallo-Roman archaeology during the Interbellum), as well as the activities of Belgian archaeologists abroad (such as in Egypt, Congo, or the Vatican). For its AREA activities, the Leuven Department of History works in close association with a number a related disciplines and institutions:

68. Travel Links Directory: Europe »Austria - Hotels, Guides, Tours, Rentals, Yacht two european countries that have declared their everlasting neutrality. We offer special travel services to Greece for museum and archaeology fans. http://www.greece-museums.com/dir/Europe-Austria.php

Europe »Austria a non-profit museum guide for Greece Greek Museum Categories Ancient Greece Greek Mythology Greece Guide Travel Guide ... Special Interests Museum Listings by Location Athens museums Museums in Greek islands Museums in Thessaloniki Museums in Crete Island ... Museums in Corfu Island Guided Tours in Greece Your trip to Greece can be a great experience with our custom tours around Greece! We provide you with specialized tourist guides, accommodation and transportation for every archaeological site, museum and monument in Athens, mainland Greece and the Greek Islands. Check our Greece Tours now! :: Europe »Austria Travel Links Travel Directory Add Your Link Links to other travel sites from the parent category: Austria Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus ... United Kingdom The Republic of Austria (German: Republik Osterreich) is a landlocked country in the heart of Europe. It borders Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. Austria is a parliamentary representative democracy consisting of nine federal states and is one of two European countries that have declared their everlasting neutrality. Austria is a member of UN and the European Union.

69. Scottish History - 8500 BC To 1000 BC 25001300 BC Indo-european peoples spread from Pannonia to Dalmatia. Germany,the low countries, the Alps, and penetrated on to the Iberian peninsula. http://www.siol-nan-gaidheal.com/Celtic_Solidarity/prehist1.htm

Prehistory 30,000 BC: Although covered in a huge ice sheet, the topography of Scotland, Ireland, Wales and England is much as it is today; sea levels fluctuating due to the effects of the Ice Ages. 10,000 BC: Mesolithic or Middle Stone Age period. They crossed by land bridge from Scotland. These people were mainly hunters. See Note 10,000-2000 BC and see what archeology is finding out about them and the Ceide Fields of Co Mayo! 8,500 BC: The earliest evidence yet is found at Cramond near Edinburgh of an early hunter-gatherer homestead, and the remains of elk bones, fish bones, shellfish and hazelnut shells show that they enjoyed a reasonable standard of living. 7000 BC: Evidence of first men in Ireland 6500 BC: The Urumchi People settle in Eastern Turkestan - Northern China. They are clearly Celtic, with red or yellow hair, and with caucasian features. They speak a language known as Tocharian which is related to Gaelic through the Indo European group of languages. Well preserved mummies reveal the knowledge of weaving, and tartan cloth has been found, still as colourful as the day it was woven. Also grave goods have been recovered, including chariots, ploughs, horse harness, harrows, bronze and iron tools, pottery including a grain storage jar capable of holding 120 Kgs of grain, and intricate jewellery made of bronze, pewter, copper, silver and gold. Their techniques of preserving the dead by mummification were superior to the Egyptian as the soft internal organs were not removed but preserved in situ.

70. Andrew Spicer - Oxford Brookes University U67540 The european Reformation Religion Social Change 15171618; U67541 Pariahs -Social Culture and History of the low countries 1500-1700, http://ah.brookes.ac.uk/index.php/staff/details/spicer/

This browser does not support the styles designed for this site. Or your browser is configured to use different styles. School of Arts and Humanities Brookes School Dr Andrew Spicer Senior Lecturer in Early Modern European History Undergraduate Teaching U67541 Pariahs - Social Outcasts in Early Modern Europe c.1500-1800 Research Impact of the Reformation on Church Architecture Comparison of the different architectural responses to the Reformation in Scotland, Hungary-Transylvania and the Netherlands, where initially existing religious buildings were adapted, and France where the Huguenots had to build their own temples. The different requirements of churches, which were designed to foster a sense of the holiness and sanctity of the mass, contrasts markedly with build ings constructed for the preaching of the Word of God. Sanctity and the Sacred Changing attitudes towards sanctity and sacred space after the Reformation. Death and Burial The impact of the Reformation upon the rituals and attitudes towards death and burial. Migration The dislocation and migration caused by the religious conflicts in Europe after the Reformation and the processes of integration and assimilation.

71. AllRefer.com - La TEne (Archaeology, General) - Encyclopedia La TEne, archaeology, General. Related Category archaeology, General S intoSwitzerland, and W and N into France, the low countries, Denmark, http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/L/LaTene.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather September 21, 2005 Medicine People Places History ... Maps Web AllRefer.com You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia Archaeology, General ... La TEne By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z L La TEne, Archaeology, General Related Category: Archaeology, General La TEne [lA ten] Pronunciation Key , ancient Celtic site on Lake NeuchAtel, Switzerland, that gives its name to the second and final period of the European Iron Age . It is characterized by an art style that drew upon Greek, Etruscan, and Scythian motifs and translated them into highly abstract designs in metal, pottery, and wood. The earliest phase of Tenian culture, from the 6th to the late 5th cent. B.C. , spread from the middle Rhine region E into the Danube valley, S into Switzerland, and W and N into France, the Low Countries, Denmark, and the British Isles; this was the period of the first of the great Celtic (see Celt ) migrations. Tenian culture flourished until subjected to the advances of the Roman Empire. The Celtic peoples of the La TEne period borrowed much from older civilizations, including the Etruscan chariot, woodworking tools that enabled them to clear temperate forests for planting, and Greek agricultural implements such as the rotary millstone. Native coinage appeared in Gaul during the latter part of the period, along with the fortified townships eventually conquered by Julius Caesar. An exceptional example of late Tenian culture is found in the ancient lake dwellings of Glastonbury, S England.

72. British Archaeology, No 3, April 1995: News The new material may have come from the low countries, he said, PPG16, whichgoverns archaeology and development, does not operate below the mean low http://www.britarch.ac.uk/ba/ba3/ba3news.html

ISSN 1357-4442 Editor: Simon Denison Issue no 3, April 1995 NEWS English Heritage under fire over blue plaques English Heritage is facing strong criticism over its attitude to local-authority `blue plaque' schemes, in particular for its refusal to press local authorities to ensure that historical information on plaques is accurate. Last year a blue plaque was put up by Calderdale District Council (without listed building consent) on a Grade II listed pub in West Yorkshire - the Old Bridge Inn at Ripponden, near Halifax - claiming the pub was `probably Yorkshire's oldest hostelry', with an `earliest recorded date of 1307'. Denouncing the claim as having `no foundation whatsoever', Donald Haigh of Halifax Antiquarian Society wrote to English Heritage for advice and help. Responding to Mr Haigh in several letters earlier this year, English Heritage refused to intervene. Stephen Johnson, Regional Director (North) of English Heritage's Conservation Group, said the fixing of a plaque to a listed building was `a very minor matter', and that although it was `desirable' that information should be accurate, there was no need for English Heritage to `issue general advice to local authorities that they should get their facts right'. Andrew Saint, the senior historian in the London Division of English Heritage, told Mr Haigh that `[we] must not be seen to rubbish local initiatives', adding that `we prefer local groups and authorities outside London to devise their own design and style for any plaques scheme rather than imitate the London blue plaques, which otherwise stand in danger of becoming devalued currency'.

73. Our Lecturers Read archaeology at Newnham College, Cambridge—doctoral thesis on the early manuscripts—has led many tours to Italy, France and the low countries. http://www.martinrandall.com/biographies.php

MARTIN RANDALL TRAVEL About us Our Lecturers Brief biographies Tom Abbott Diana Ambache Professor Tim Blanning The French Revolution in Germany Joseph II The French Revolutionary Wars The French Revolution: class war or culture clash? and the award-winning The Culture of Power and the Power of Culture Oxford History of Modern Europe and The Short Oxford History of Europe Dr Flavio Boggi Professor Trevor Bryce The Kingdom of the Hittites Sir Michael Burton KCVO CMG inter alia Polly Buston Titian's Venice , a multi-media project accompanying the 2003 National Gallery Titian exhibition. Caroline Cannon-Brookes Museum Management and Curatorship Harry Charrington Norman Coady Steven Desmond Nicole Douek Great Events of Bible Times Dr Michael Douglas-Scott Arte Veneta , the Burlington Magazine and the Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes Professor Richard Evans FBA Telling Lies About Hitler: The Holocaust, History, and the David Irving Trial and The Coming of the Third Reich History of Europe Karen Exell Dr Andrew Farrington Oxford graduate in Literae Humaniores The Roman Baths of Lycia Ian Fletcher Fields of Fire: Battlefields of the Peninsular War Galloping at Everything and most recently

74. Akademika Volume 6 of Environmental archaeology contains six research papers, of therabbit to the low countries (Roel CG M. Lauwerier and Jorn T. Zeiler); http://www.akademika.no/vare.php?ean=9781842170557

75. Prof. John H. Munro Munro5@chass.utoronto.ca Department Of ed., Textiles of the low countries in european Economic History (Leuven University John Munro, The low countries Export Trade in Textiles with the http://www.economics.toronto.edu/munro5/ETextBib.htm

Prof. John H. Munro munro5@chass.utoronto.ca Department of Economics john.munro@utoronto.ca University of Toronto http://www.economics.utoronto.ca/munro5/ A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF EUROPEAN TEXTILES, c. 1100 - 1750 Organised by topics: A The Technology of Textile Manufacturing: from Late Roman to Early Modern Times (Paris, 1780). * 2. William Partridge, A Practical Treatise on Dying [sic] of Woollen, Cotton, and Skein Silk (New York, 1823; reissued and edited, with technical notes by J. de L. Mann and K.G. Ponting, Pasold Research Fund, Wilts., 1973). 3. William Beck, The Draper's Dictionary: A Manual of Textile Fabrics, Their History and Applications (London, 1882). 4. J.W. Radcliffe, The Manufacture of Woollen and Worsted Yarns (Manchester and London, 1913). * 6. . Abbott P. Usher, A History of Mechanical Inventions (1929; revised edn. Cambridge, Mass. 1954), chapter XI: 'Machinery of the Textile Industries: 100-1800 A.D.', pp. 304-331. 7. E. Kilburn Scott, 'Early Cloth Fulling and Its Machinery,' the Newcomen Society Transactions * 8. E.M. Carus-Wilson, 'An Industrial Revolution of the Thirteenth Century,'

76. Archaeology In Newfoundland And Labrador 1997 - Provincial Archaeology Office Baccalieu Trail archaeology Project, 1997 Excavations at Cupids This glassis typical of glass manufactured in the low countries in the early to http://www.tcr.gov.nl.ca/tcr/pao/Arch in NL/Arch in NL 1997/Gilbert 1997 Cupids.

Provincial Archaeology Office Return to Table of Contents Back Next Archaeology in Newfoundland and Labrador 1997 Edited by K. Nelmes Baccalieu Trail Archaeology Project, 1997: Excavations at Cupids William Gilbert INTRODUCTION The 1995 and 1996 Field Seasons During the summer of 1995 the Baccalieu Trail Heritage Corporation conducted an eight week archaeological survey and excavation in the community of Cupids, Conception Bay, the goal of which was to determine the location and state of preservation of the Cupers Cove plantation established there in 1610 by the London and Bristol Company of Merchant Venturers (Gilbert 1996). This plantation, whose first governor was Bristol merchant and adventurer John Guy, was the first official colony established in Newfoundland, the first English colony established in what is now Canada, and one of the first European colonies established in North America. A number of documents related to the plantation, including a diary, a journal and 19 letters, all written in Newfoundland between 1610 and 1631, have survived and it was to these that we turned for clues to the site's location before beginning our survey. From these documents we learned that Cupers Cove had stood 240 paces (or twelve score) from Cupids Pond, near a brook and on the landward side of the salt water pond that lies at the bottom of Cupids harbour (Gilbert 1996:68-70). Taken together, these three clues defined an area measuring roughly 500 metres from east to west at the bottom of Cupids harbour within the boundaries of which the plantation had once been located (

77. SAA Bulletin 13(4): Exchanges--Ecuadorian Archaeology As in many Latin American countries, archaeology in Ecuador is the sent bythe Museo del Banco Central to be exhibited in several european countries, http://www.saa.org/publications/saabulletin/13-4/SAA19.html

Exchanges Interamerican Dialogue Between Crisis and Hope: Archaeology in Ecuador Ernesto Salazar Contents: The Ecuadorian Archaeological Establishment The Instituto de Patrimonio Cultural The Ecuadorian State, the Public, and the Cultural Resources Ecuadorian Archaeologists and their Foreign Colleagues ... Achievements and Expectations of Ecuadorian Archaeology As in many Latin American countries, archaeology in Ecuador is the Cinderella of the sciences, except she has yet to find her prince to pick up her crystal slipper. Ecuador is a country rich in archaeological resources, with a chronology extending from Paleoindian times to the Inka conquest. The country also has a vast legacy of historical monuments that, unfortunately, have been ignored in archaeological investigations. The Ecuadorian Archaeological Establishment The other group of Ecuadorian archaeologists consists of foreign professionals or doctoral candidates conducting research in Ecuador. They have temporarily made this country the center of their research, generally financed by universities or cultural institutions from abroad. It is not surprising, therefore, that most of the scientific contributions about the Ecuadorian past have been made by this group. Ecuadorian archaeologists represent less than 10 percent of the total number of archaeologists who have worked in the country. Because science does not recognize political frontiers, we do not disparage the contributions made by our foreign colleagues. However, our country needs national archaeologists to discover and study our cultural past, thereby strengthening the national identity.

78. Winter 2005 Courses - UCSB Department Of The History Of Art And Architecture Painting of the low countries from c1500c1600, placed in its social and 108PB SPECIAL TOPICS IN 15TH AND 16TH C. NORTHERN european ART http://www.arthistory.ucsb.edu/courses/courseinfo/winter2005.php

WINTER 2005 This is a tentative list of classes. This page will be updated as the quarter approaches. Please check back for updates. Last Updated: 01.04.2005 Last modified: July 29 2005 Course # Title Instructor LOWER DIVISION COURSES INTRODUCTION TO ART Carole Paul ART SURVEY II: RENAISSANCE - BAROQUE ART Robert Williams PRE-COLUMBIAN ART Honors section: EC#52514 W 200-250 ARTS 1234D Jeanette F. Peterson UPPER DIVISION COURSES CLASSICAL GREEK ART CANCELLED Sarah Thompson MEDIEVAL ART: ROMANESQUE Sarah Thompson LATE ROMANESQUE AND GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE ROOM CHANGE Edson Armi 107B PAINTING IN THE SIXTEENTH-CENTURY NETHERLANDS Mark Meadow SPECIAL TOPICS IN 15TH AND 16TH C. NORTHERN EUROPEAN ART Mark Meadow DUTCH ART IN THE AGE OF REMBRANDT Ann Jensen Adams SPECIAL TOPICS IN SEVENTEENTH CENTURY SOUTHERN EUROPEAN ART Richard Wittman NINETEENTH-CENTURY BRITISH ART AND CULTURE Ann Bermingham ART OF THE POST-WAR PERIOD, 1945-1968 Laurie Monahan AFRICAN ART I ROOM CHANGE Sylvester Ogbechie ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE 650-1400 Nuha Khoury UKIYO-E: PICTURES OF THE FLOATING WORLD Miriam Wattles "IT'S NOT EASY BUILDING GREEN" - HISTORY AND AESTHETICS OF SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE

79. Indo-European Chronology: The 5th Period lands in northern Europe, in Scandinavia, low countries and Jutland. The discovery of the Tocharian branch of the Indoeuropean famoily was one of http://indoeuro.bizland.com/project/chron/chron4.html

Indo-European Chronology (V period) Comments to the table 1 AD Germanic alliance in Europe The last century BC marked the rapid change of the ethnic situation in Europe. The wide expansion of Celtic tribes which made scared all ancient European civilization, ended after Celts were stopped in Italy in the 4th century BC and on the Balkans in the 3rd century BC. Gradually Celtic regions, like Gaul and Spain, fell under the rule of Rome, and its population decreased much. Since then, the "Celtic horror" in Europe is being changed by the Germanic one. Germanic tribes initially inhabited lands in northern Europe, in Scandinavia, Low Countries and Jutland. But on the edge of the new era, their poor lands made numerous overpopulated tribes migrate south. The first conflict between Romans and Germanic armies happen in the 2nd century BC in Dacia. A century later, Caesar managed to cross the Rhine from Gaul and defeat Germans who terrified Celts in Gaul. In 1 AD, in Bohemia, a leader of the tribe of Marcomannes, Marobod, established a huge alliance of different Germanic tribes against all those who prevented the Germanic move south. His army, about 100 thousand people, slowly went south to the Alps, closer to the Roman province of Rhaetia. In 6 AD, both Roman consular armies rushed to stop the Germans, but could not do that because of the uprising in Pannonia. Three years later, Germans eliminate another Roman army in the Teutoburg Woods - Romans never again step into Inner Germany.

80. Multi Central european crystal glass of the first half of the 18th century. The mediating role of the low countries , especially of Brabant , in the transfer http://www.historyofglass.org.uk/AIHV2003/Multi.htm

AIHV 2003 AIHV 2003 AIHV 2003 AIHV 2003 Multi-disciplinary approaches to the study of glass Chair : Sarah Jennings D. Caluwé. Glass in the Duchy of Brabant from the late middle Ages and Early Modern Times: A research project U. Recker. High Medieval Glass Production In The Central German Low Mountain Ranges. C. Welch, P. Linford. Archaeomagnetic Dating of Medieval and Tudor Glassmaking Sites in Staffordshire England J. Kunicki-Goldfinger, A. Kasprzak, J. Kierzek. Central European crystal glass of the first half of the 18th century. Discussion D. Caluwé. Glass in the Duchy of Brabant from the late middle Ages and Early Modern Times: A research project In January 2002, an interdisciplinairy project started on Glass in the Duchy of Brabant from the late middle ages and early modern times, at the Free University of Brussels, in collaboration with the Foundation for Scientific Research of Flanders and the University of Antwerp The subject is the archaeological glass remains of Brabant from cities such as Antwerp , Mechelen, Brussels Breda , s’ Hertogenbosch. The direct aim is to create a typo-chronology, a tool for further study of the archaeological artefacts in glass. Further more to formulate an interpretative synthesis and to formulate insights in related phenomena such as production, distribution, use and consumption in order to situate glass in the context of the material culture of the studied period. The mediating role of the

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