81. Larix Lyallii Description Provides taxonomic notes and describes physical characteristics, range, and ethnobotany. Includes images of this species, commonly known as Alpine Larch. http://www.botanik.uni-bonn.de/conifers/pi/la/lyallii.htm

Stand at Easy Pass, North Cascades National Park, Washington. Most of the stand is on a north-facing slope. The needles on many of the trees have started to turn golden. The evergreens in the background are Picea engelmannii [C.J. Earle, 27-Sep-2003]. Bark of a tree about 20 cm diameter at Hart's Pass, North Cascades, Washington [C.J. Earle, 17-Aug-2003]. Seed and pollen cones on a tree on Freezeout Ridge, Tiffany Mtn., Washington [C.J. Earle, 16-Aug-2003]. Actively growing shoot on a sapling at Hart's Pass, North Cascades. The long shoot, about 10 cm long, has emerged this year and is near full elongation at this time, about 75% of the way through the growing season. The short shoots at its base show whorls from two (lateral buds) or three (terminal bud) years of prior growth [C.J. Earle, 17-Aug-2003]. The range of alpine larch, redrawn from Basemap from www.expediamaps.com Larix lyallii Parlatore 1863 Common Names Alpine larch, mountain larch, tamarack ( Peattie 1950 Parker 1993 Taxonomic notes Larix lyallii and L. occidentalis

82. Ethnobotany ethnobotany Evolution of a Discipline by Richard Evans Schultes, Plants, People, and Culture The Science of ethnobotany by Michael J. Balick et al. http://home1.gte.net/ericjw1/ethnobotany.html

Ethnobotany This guide contains bibliographic references and links to internet resources for ethnobotany and indigenous plant use. Recommended Reading: The Andean Cocaine Industry by Patrick L. Clawson, et al 1998 Economic, Environmental, and Health Tradeoffs in Agriculture: Pesticides and the Sustainability of Andean Potato Production by Charles C. Crissman (Editor), et al 1997 Earth Medicine-Earth Food: Plant Remedies, Drugs, and Natural Foods of the North American Indians by Michael A. Weiner 1991 Ethnobotany: Evolution of a Discipline by Richard Evans Schultes, et al (Editors) 1995 Flesh of the Gods: The Ritual Use of Hallucinogens by Peter T. Furst 1990 Native American Ethnobotany by Daniel E. Moerman 1998 Paleoethnobotany: A Handbook of Procedures by Deborah M. Pearsall 1989 People, Plants, and Landscapes: Studies in Paleoethnobotany by Kristen J. Gremillion (Editor) 1997 Persephone's Quest: Entheogens and the Origins of Religion by R. Gordon Wasson, et al. 1992 Plants, People, and Culture: The Science of Ethnobotany by Michael J. Balick et al. 1997 Sacred Plant Medicine: Explorations in the Practice of Indigenous Herbalism by Stephen Harrod Buhner 1996 Traditional Plant Foods of Canadian Indigenous Peoples: Nutrition, Botany and Use

83. Taxus Description of the genus, including taxonomy, range, ethnobotany, and other topics.......Common name yew. http://www.botanik.uni-bonn.de/conifers/ta/ta/index.htm

Range of the genus Taxus choose a species: T. baccata T. brevifolia T. canadensis T. cuspidata T. floridana T. globosa T. sumatrana Taxus Linnaeus 1753 Common Names Yew. Taxonomic notes There are seven species in this treatment. The species of Taxus are more geographically than morphologically separable; they were all treated by Pilger (1903) as subspecies of T. baccata . All species are poisonous; most contain the anti-cancer agent taxol; and a study of heartwood constituents of T. baccata, T. brevifolia, T. cuspidata and T. floridana found them to be chemically almost identical ( Hartzell 1991 ). However, the vast ecological amplitude displayed by the various described species (over 60° of latitude and an impressive temperature and precipitation range) suggests that they are, in a meaningful sense, true species. "Detailed study of the genus (not neglecting the cultivated representatives), including extensive fieldwork, is much needed and long overdue" ( Hils 1993 ). There are hundreds of yew cultivars ( Hartzell 1991 Description "Trees or shrubs, dioecious or monoecious. Bark reddish brown, scaly. Branches ascending to drooping; twigs irregularly alternate, green or yellow-green when young, reddish brown in age. Leaves often appearing 2-ranked, flexible; stomates abaxial, in 2 broad, pale bands; apex soft-pointed, mucronate, not sharp to touch; resin canal absent. Pollen cones globose, yellowish, with 4 - 16 peltate sporophylls, each bearing 2 - 9 sporangia. Ovule 1. Seed maturing in 1 season, brown; aril scarlet to orange-scarlet, soft, mucilaginous, thick, cup-shaped, open at apex, exposing hard seed coat; albumen uniform.

84. Ethnobotany And Medicinal Plants, Part 1 ethnobotany and Medicinal Plants January 1990 June 1991 Quick Bibliography Language English Descriptors Areca catechu; ethnobotany 71 NAL Call. No. http://www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/AFSIC_pubs/qb92-66.htm

TITLE: Ethnobotany and Medicinal Plants, Part 1 PUBLICATION DATE: September 1992 ENTRY DATE: May 1995 EXPIRATION DATE: UPDATE FREQUENCY: CONTACT: Jane Gates Alternative Farming Systems Information Center National Agricultural Library Room 304, 10301 Baltimore Ave. Beltsville, MD 20705-2351 Telephone: (301) 504-6559 FAX: (301) 504-6409 Internet: afsic@nal.usda.gov

85. Ethnobotany Program At The University Of Kent At Canterbury Describes the Master of Science courses, staff, projects and funding. Includes contact information for applicants or inquiries. http://www.ukc.ac.uk/anthropology/courses/pgethno.html

86. Ethnobotany And Medicinal Plants, Part 2 ethnobotany and Medicinal Plants July 1991 July 1992 Quick Bibliography 451 F16B The Belize ethnobotany project discovering the resources of the http://www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/AFSIC_pubs/qb93-02.htm

TITLE: Ethnobotany and Medicinal Plants, Part 2 PUBLICATION DATE: October 1992 ENTRY DATE: May 1995 EXPIRATION DATE: UPDATE FREQUENCY: CONTACT: Jane Gates Alternative Farming Systems Information Center National Agricultural Library Room 304, 10301 Baltimore Ave. Beltsville, MD 20705-2351 Telephone: (301) 504-6559 FAX: (301) 504-6409 Internet: afsic@nal.usda.gov

87. Taxus Baccata Description Taxonomic notes, description, range, and ethnobotany. Includes photo of foliage and pollen cones. http://www.botanik.uni-bonn.de/conifers/ta/ta/baccata.htm

Foliage and pollen cones from an ornamental tree, Seattle (USA) [C.J. Earle, Mar-1999]. Taxus baccata Linnaeus 1753 Common Names European, English, or common yew ( Hartzell 1991 Taxonomic notes The hybrid T. baccata T. cuspidata is Hils 1993 ). All yew species are quite similar. Pilger (1916) described them all as subspecies of T. baccata , reserving subspecies eubaccata for the populations treated here. Description Range Britain to N Iran ( Silba 1986 ); widely cultivated in North America ( Hils 1993 ). In Croatia and Slovenia, it is protected by law. Big Tree The Fortingall Yew in Perthshire, Scotland, has a nominal girth of 15.8 m. The trunk is riven in two halves and much of the heartwood is gone, so this figure implies a substantially greater basal area than the tree in fact possesses. It appears (based in a photograph in [ Hartzell 1991 ]) to be about 13 m tall with a crown spread of about 20 m ( Hartzell 1991 Data on two other U.K. trees are: 29 m tall and 89 cm dbh for a tree at Belvoir Castle, Leics.; and 13 m tall, 334 cm dbh for a tree at Ulcombe Church, Kent (Mitchell et al.

88. Software For Ethnobotany - The Compleat Botanica And Traditional Plant Uses Record historical plant uses and plant lore for indigenous people. http://www.crescentbloom.com/X/E/C/110.htm

Ethnobotany - The Compleat Botanica and traditional plant uses Compleat Botanica Info Customer profiles Botanical sciences Digitalis purpurea Always a surprise when found in the wild Classic late spring showcase. Drought tolerant yet responds well to water. See what other people like you are doing with The Compleat Botanica Customer profiles Botanist Ecology Herbarium Horticulture ... Taxonomy Others like you . . . Professional groups Specialties Botanical sciences Agriculture ... Gardening "Jean Pierre says . . ." Jean Pierre has been studying the traditional uses of plants in ritual and shamanistic medicine. "I use the software to track the various uses of plants across the different tribes." The Compleat Botanica helps Jean Pierre keep his interviews organized while cross-referencing usage, location, and species. Did you know? Q: Where are my pictures stored? A: Pictures that you associate with your specimen are not stored in the database in the same way as all of your other data. Instead your pictures are kept in their original format (JPEG, GIF, and so forth), on your hard disk in their original location.

89. Kalyx.com Ethnobotany Books Shamanshop.net sells legal highs, including psilocybe and amanita magic mushrooms, salvia divinorum, kava, ayahuasca, baby hawaiian woodrose, absinthe, http://www.kalyx.com/catalog/ethnobotanybooks.htm

Home Herbalism Ethnobotany Shamanism Ethnobotany Books The Ancient Wisdom Click the Cover or Title to Order from Amazon Agaves of Continental North America by Howard Scott Gentry "The bible of the Agaves" You can learn how to brew up a few cups of killer Mescal and weave a mat to rest on while you contemplate the authority of your brew... Dr. Gentry gave twenty-five years of his life to the Agaves, conducting field research from central Nevada south to the islands off the coast of Panama. Widely recognized as the world's leading authority on the Agaves, Dr. Gentry was an agricultural explorer for the U.S. Department of Agriculture for more than 30 years. 670 pages, hardcover, $110.00 American Medicinal Plants An Illustrated and Descriptive Guide by Charles Frederick Millspaugh The 1892 classic, with 180 full-page plates. A treasure-trove of serious 19th century herbalism. 806 pages, 6.5x9.2", paperback, $19.95, Less 20%

90. Taxus Canadensis Description Taxonomic notes, physical description, range, and ethnobotany. http://www.botanik.uni-bonn.de/conifers/ta/ta/canadensis.htm

Taxus canadensis Marshall 1785 Common Names Canada yew, American yew, ground-hemlock, li du Canada, sapin trainard ( Hils 1993 Taxonomic notes Syn: Taxus baccata Linnaeus subsp. canadensis (Marshall) Pilger; T. baccata var. minor Michaux; T. minor (Michaux) Britton; T. procumbens Loddiges ( Hartzell 1991 Description "Shrubs to 2 m, usually monoecious, low, diffusely branched, straggling, spreading to prostrate. Bark reddish, very thin. Branches spreading and ascending. Leaves 1-2.5 cm ´ 1-2.4 mm, pale green abaxially, mostly without cuticular papillae along stomatal bands, dark green to yellow-green adaxially, epidermal cells as viewed in cross section of leaf wider than tall or ± isodiametric. Seed somewhat flattened, 4-5 mm. 2 n = 24. Seeds maturing late summer - early fall" ( Hils 1993 Range Hils 1993 ). See also Thompson et al. Big Tree Some wild plants are said to reach 3.7 m tall and have an arboreal growth form ( Hartzell 1991 Oldest Dendrochronology Ethnobotany "Abenaki infused the leaves for rheumatism. Algonquin boiled the needles with wild cherry for rheumatism, taking the tea after childbirth. Chippewa employed the twig decoction, externally or internally, for rheumatism. Malecite employed the plant to bring out clots and alleviate pain following childbirth. Canada's Maritime employed yew for afterbirth, clots, fever, pain, and scurvy. Menominee steamed the plant in herbal sweat baths for numbness, paralysis, and rheumatism. Micmac used it for bowel ailments, fever, and scurvy. Montagnai use it with Lycopodium for debility and fever. Ojibwa used leaf decoction for arthritis. Penobscot steeped the leaves for colds. Potawatomi used the leaf decoction as a diuretic, for gonorrhea. Tete-de-Boule infused the twigs with ash for dysmenorrhea and stomachache" (Duke 1986, cited in [

91. Museum Homepage Concise history of both the Illini Shawnee, developed by a group of highschool students studying ethnobotany. http://www.schools.lth5.k12.il.us/bths-east/illiniwek.html

The Illiniwek and Shawnee of Southern Illinois "In 1673, the Illinois Confederacy included about twelve tribes: Kaskaskia, Maroa, Cahokia, Peoria, Tamaroa, Tapouaro, Coiracoentanon, Espeminka, Moingwena, Chinkoa, Chepoussa, and the Michigamea. "By 1700, all but the Cahokia, Kaskaskia, Michigamea, Peoria, and Tamaroa had disappeared from the territory, through either original misidentification (some of the groups designated as tribes may have been only subdivisions of a tribe) or absorption into other tribes. As their populations diminished, these tribes, too, merged: the Tamaroa and Michigamea joined the Kaskaskia, and the Cahokia merged with the Peoria. "With increasing pressure from the tribes on the East, as the Iroquois were forced West pushing the Great Lakes tribes ahead of them, the Illinois tribes concentrated in the face of hostilities. After a Kaskaskian Indian killed the Ottawa chief, Pontiac, in 1769, provoking enmity of the Lake tribes, the Illinois took refuge for a period with the French at the village of Kaskaskia. It was at this time that the Sauk, Fox, Kickapoo, and Potowatomi began to move into the territory vacated by the Illiniwek. "During the latter part of the eighteenth century, the remaining Illinois, their populations greatly diminished, inhabited an area along the Kaskaskia and Big Muddy rivers in southern Illinois, while some members of the combined tribes were moving across the Mississippi River into reservation lands on the Missouri Territory. "In 1832, the last of the Illinois lands were ceded to the United States government and the survivors withdrew across the Mississippi River. Only eight Kaskaskia warriors were included in the group that settled with the Peoria in Kansas. Two hundred Peoria and Kaskaskia were reported on the reservation in 1840. By 1851, the Indian agent reported that their tribal identification had been lost and only a few remained. By the end of the century, the Illiniwek were essentially gone except for the Peoria Indian Tribe of Oklahoma which numbered a little over 400 in 1956.

92. Ethnobotany Australia :: Index No new posts, General ethnobotany Plants as food, clothing, shelter and tools Moderator rkundalini, 69, 657, Sun Jul 31, 2005 338 am http://www.ethnobotany-australia.net/community/

Profile Mail Search Groups ... Log in You must Register in order to post. The time now is Wed Sep 21, 2005 9:39 am Ethnobotany Australia Forum Index View unanswered posts Forum Topics Posts Last Post Botany and Horticulture Vascular Plants Excluding cacti and succulents Moderator gomaos Wed Sep 21, 2005 8:46 am anaphylaxis Cacti and Succulents Our noble desert dwelling friends Moderator gerbil Wed Sep 21, 2005 9:29 am AndyAmine Fungi Including bacteria and non-vascular plants Moderator bluemeanie Wed Sep 21, 2005 8:23 am gerbil Ethnobotany General Ethnobotany Plants as food, clothing, shelter and tools Moderator rkundalini Wed Sep 21, 2005 5:49 am De Quincey's Dream Medicinal Plants Traditional or non-traditional usage of plants as medicine Moderator hebrew Wed Sep 21, 2005 7:10 am alkal Entheogenic Plants Magic, ritual and spiritual use of plants. Moderator creach Tue Sep 20, 2005 10:51 am Young Tripper Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacology Chemistry and Biochemistry Of plants and natural products Moderator Lorax Wed Sep 21, 2005 8:24 am planthelper Pharmacology Of natural products and their derivatives Moderator Smogs Wed Sep 21, 2005 8:32 am

93. Ethnobotany-australia.net Log In ethnobotanyaustralia.net Forum Index Profile Mail Search Groups Log in. You must Register in order to post. ethnobotany-australia.net Forum Index http://www.ethnobotany-australia.net/community/privmsg.php?mode=post&u=130

94. Ethnobotany Supply - Ethnobotanicals, Rare Seeds, Herbs, Extracts Worldwide supplier of items relevant to ethnobotany, with online ordering of Salvia divinorum and over 250 ethnobotanical seeds, herbs and extracts. http://www.ethnobotanicals.com/

Pure Land Ethnobotanicals Pure Land Ethnobotanicals is a unique global seed bank and resource for rare seeds, interesting herbs, dried plant materials, and concentrated herbal extracts. Specializing in rare herbs including Salvia divinorum Amanita muscaria San Pedro Cactus Hawaiian Baby Woodrose Seeds ... Poppy Seeds and offering over 200 species, our company is intended to serve as a worldwide supply house for items relevant to the science of ethnobotany. We offer secure online ordering and fast worldwide delivery We source our materials from around the world, and place great emphasis upon locating materials which have been either cultivated without chemicals or ethically wildcrafted. The immense value of ongoing research into the diversity and mysteries of the Earth's flora is quite evident. Distribution of seeds and plant propagation is often the sole means by which species may avoid the fate of extinction. Well-identified, high-quality dried materials are physical records of biodiversity. Many are suitable for use in collections by both professional and non-professional rare plant collectors. These dried specimens hold a wealth of data for use in taxonomic and morphological studies. We offer all materials for legitimate research/specimen use only. We welcome purchase orders from universities and colleges, as well as orders from trained persons working toward legitimate research in this field. We do not offer products for human consumption.

95. Lyon Arboretum Emphases in tropical plants, native Hawaiian plants, conservation biology, and Hawaiian ethnobotany. http://www.lyonarboretum.com/

home about lyon visiting education ... site map Harold L. Lyon Arboretum, University of Hawai`i-Manoa, 3860 Manoa Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822 (808)988-0456; (808)988-0462 (fax) Opening Times: Monday-Friday, 9am - 4 pm CLOSED on SATURDAY, SUNDAY and PUBLIC HOLIDAYS Site Design by Quantum Imagery

96. Ethnobotany Describes both food and medicinal uses of plants, listed alphabetically by scientific name. http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/ethnoarchaeology/ethnobotany/

Prickly Pear Food Uses: A C E,F G,H ... T,U,V,Z Medical Uses: A B C D ... To Ethnozoology

97. Medical And Nutritional Ethnobotany Research will be conducted on medical ethnobotany to understand the ethnoempirical Research on medical/nutritional ethnobotany and ethnoepidemiology, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/hebe/bemn.html

HEBE University of California, Berkeley Medical and Nutritional Ethnobotany Curare darts prepared by a traditional healer of the Yagua ethnolinguistic group in the Amazon Basin of Peru Each of the museums has close ties with different cultural groups in various parts of the world. By working with these people, and conducting ethnobiological field research, hypotheses can be generated on the value of different ecosystem resources to human health and well-being. Hypotheses can be generated and tested in experimental biology studies. Voucher specimens of all collections will be deposited in the Berkeley Natural History Museums and in the countries of origin, and will provide an invaluable set of archival materials for the future. The geographical focus of these ethnobotanical expeditions will be in California, Latin America, Pacific Islands, Asia, and Africa. Medicines and Foods from Biological Species Research will be conducted on medical ethnobotany to understand the ethnoempirical and ethnotheoretical perspectives of how local/indigenous peoples select, prepare, and consume plants, fungi, and animals for medicines and foods. This medical and nutritional ethnobotanical knowledge can help generate hypotheses on how these therapies are beneficial and experimental biology studies can be designed to test these hypotheses. Collections of groups of organisms can also be conducted based on taxonomic, ecological, geographical, and physiological characteristics. California Ethnobotany

98. Pinus Strobus Description Physical characteristics, range, and ethnobotany of the Eastern White Pine. With images and distribution map. http://www.botanik.uni-bonn.de/conifers/pi/pin/strobus.htm

Two large native-grown trees by Daicey Pond in Baxter State Park, Maine [C.J. Earle, Jul-2003]. Cones on the above tree [C.J. Earle, Jul-2003]. Bark on one of the above trees [C.J. Earle, Jul-2003]. Shoot of an ornamental specimen (Seattle, USA) showing foliage and twig [C.J. Earle]. Foliage on an ornamental tree in Seattle (USA) [C.J. Earle, Feb-1999]. Distribution map ( USGS 1999 U.S. stamp. Source: LINK HERE (accessed 25-Dec-2001). Pinus strobus Linnaeus 1753 Common Names Eastern white pine, northern white pine, pin blanc ( Kral 1993 ); white pine. Taxonomic notes Syn: Pinus chiapensis P.strobus var. chiapensis Strobus strobus (Linnaeus) Small ( Kral 1993 ). One variety, chiapensis (see Remarks). Description n Elias 1987 Kral 1993 Range Canada: Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Québec, Ontario, and Manitoba; France: St. Pierre and Miquelon; and USA: All states E from Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee and Georgia to the Atlantic Ocean (excepting Florida); the variety in Mexico and Guatemala. Found at sea level in the N, and up to 1500 m in the S. Prefers well-drained soils and a cool, humid climate. Forms mixed stands with Tsuga canadensis, Quercus

99. Ethnobotany psychoPharm, a mindbender, a fulllength comedy by playwright Shawn Nacol. Script info (synopsis, monologues, sample scene), Professional info (resume, http://www.shawnnacol.com/pP-ethnobotany.htm

[Shawn Nacol] This page contains three separate articles on ethnobotany: BETWEEN THE CANOPY AND THE FOREST FLOOR: Vision Plants and Medicines in Peruvian Amazonia by Peter Gorman Modern Botany, Ancient Shamanism Botany, the study of plants, dates back thousands of years. But it wasn't until 1753 that Carolus Linnaeus, a Swedish naturalist, produced the first comprehensive system of plant classification and nomenclature in his book Species Plantarum , thus beginning the era of modern botany. Linnaeus attempted to classify most of the world's flora, which he estimated at 10,000 species. But in 1847, after a century of exploration and colonization of the Western hemisphere, British botanist John Lindley recalculated the number of species in the Plant Kingdom to be nearly 100,000. The subsequent exploration of the flora of the world's rainforests have increased that number by increments to today's 750,000. Of those, botanist Wade Davis-whose book The Serpent and the Rainbow deals with his search for the plant compound used in Haitian Voodoo to zombify people-estimates that about 10 percent, roughly 75,000, are considered edible. Of those, only 150 have entered world commerce, and only 20, mostly domesticated cereals and tubers, stand between the human race and starvation. In addition to foods, several thousands of plants have been used by different peoples as medicines. Those include the nearly 150 still in use today-mostly in religious or spiritual healing contexts-which have varying degrees of hallucinogenic properties. Natural hallucinogens are found in the flora-and in a few members of the Animal Kingdom as well-of every continent but Antarctica. According to famed Harvard botanist Richard Schultes, they have been used at some point in the development of most cultures to one extent or another. In the preface to their book

100. Introduction To Tule Ethnobotany In many parts of the world tules, reeds, bulrushes and their relatives have been used by local groups as building material. In this article I will stick to http://www.primitiveways.com/tule_ethnobotany.html

Introduction to Tule Ethnobotany by Norm Kidder In many parts of the world tules, reeds, bulrushes and their relatives have been used by local groups as building material. The Egyptians used papyrus for paper and boats (more technically called balsas, or floats). A statue of King Tut shows him spearing hippos from a reed 'surfboard', while multi-ton slabs of stone are known to have been transported on large ocean going reed vessels. (See Thor Heyerdahl, the Ra Expeditions). Natives in other parts of Africa, the Marsh Arabs of Iraq, and Indians of South America, Mexico, and California also used the versatile reeds for watercraft. In this article I will stick to the uses of tule reeds by the Indian peoples of Central California and neighboring Nevada. Tule, seems to be both a general term for freshwater marshes and also for the sedges of the genus Scirpus. The term Tule Fog refers to moisture rising from the ground. The Spanish called the seasonally flooded center of the San Joaquin Valley the "tulares". In the San Francisco Bay area, the Common Tule is Scirpus acutus. This tule grows up to over 16 feet tall, has a round dark green stem, and only vestigial leaves. Its seed head is an open tassel normally 2 inches or less across. A similar looking relative, Scirpus californicus, or California Tri-square differs in having a lighter green and triangular stem, and a larger seed head. The tri-square also has a larger internal cell structure which makes it inferior for most construction purposes. A number of other species are found around the country, and may or may not prove suitable for making useable items.

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