41. WorldLII - Categories - Countries - Estonia Republic of estonia. Courts CaseLaw government Inter-government Organisations Introductions to estonian Law Law Journals Lawyers Legislation http://www.worldlii.org/catalog/2185.html

Contributors: Databases Recent Additions Translate Add a Link ... Countries Find any of these words all of these words this phrase this document title this Boolean query World Law Help Boolean Operators Search: All WorldLII Catalog All WorldLII Databases Law on Google Republic of Estonia Government Inter-Government Organisations Introductions to Estonian Law Law Journals ... Secured Transactions Stored Searches Search All World Law: Estonia Infolex Legal aid centre (In Estonian) Riga Declaration on the fight against money laundering 1996 Search Financial Action Taskforce on Money Laundering (FATF) (on OECD site) Sihtasutus Eesti Oiguskeskus - Estonian Law Centre Foundation Search (in Estonian with overview in English) Provides legal training seminars to the Estonian legal community; provides access to print and computer legal resources. WorldLII: Feedback URL: http://www.worldlii.org/catalog/2185.html Generated: Wed Sep 21 02:40:49 2005

42. AllRefer.com - Estonia - Government And Politics - Current Politics | Estonian I allRefer Reference provides detailed information on this topic. Browse throughthis article and follow related links for complete research. http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/estonia/estonia23.html

You are here allRefer Reference Estonia History ... Estonia Estonia Government and Politics Estonia's new era of democratic politics began slowly in the 1990s with the adoption of a new constitution and the formation of stable political groupings. Several mechanisms in the constitution were beginning to function to ensure a balance of power and steady government. Citizenship issues, however, caused tensions among the country's 500,000-strong Russophone population, most of whom had been denied automatic citizenship rights in 1991. Their naturalization and integration into Estonian society remained a significant challenge. Current Politics The 1992 elections also saw a special contest for the largely ceremonial post of president. Although the new constitution stipulates that the president shall be elected by the parliament, the Constitutional Assembly in early 1992 succumbed to popular pressure and agreed to have the country's first president elected by the people. In the resulting poll, the incumbent chairman of the parliament, Arnold Rüütel, topped the list. But with only 41.8 percent of the vote, he did not muster the majority needed for direct election under the special rules. Although a former communist, Rüütel had been widely admired for his steady, balanced leadership during the independence struggle. Yet, his electoral shortfall was enough to throw the final decision into the Riigikogu, where the runner-up, with 29.5 percent, Isamaa candidate and former foreign minister Lennart Meri, had the advantage. At the parliament's opening session on October 5, Meri defeated Rüütel by a vote of fifty-nine to thirty-one.

43. Estonian Government | Estonia's Government | Estonias Government estonian government. Country name conventional long form Republic of estoniaconventional short form estonia local long form Eesti Vabariik local short http://www.travelblog.org/World/en-gov.html

Travel Blog About TravelBlog World Facts Latest Travel Journals ... Estonia Select a country Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Arctic Ocean Argentina Armenia Aruba Ashmore and Cartier Islands Atlantic Ocean Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas, The Bahrain Baker Island Bangladesh Barbados Bassas da India Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burma Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Clipperton Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comoros Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Cook Islands Coral Sea Islands Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic East Timor Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Europa Island Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Faroe Islands Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern and Antarctic Lands Gabon Gambia, The

44. Estonia - Government thousands windows on the world constantly updated. http://www.exxun.com/Estonia/d_gv.html

exxun.com america europe africa ... world Evolving xxlarge UNion - thousands of windows on the world - constantly updated Home Countries Flags Maps ... Notes and Definitions EU Member Estonia Eesti Vabariik Flag Introduction Map Geography ... Music Translation Government Estonia Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Estonia conventional short form: Estonia local long form: Eesti Vabariik local short form: Eesti former: Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic Dependency status: void Government type: parliamentary republic Capital: Tallinn Administrative divisions: 15 counties (maakonnad, singular - maakond): Harjumaa (Tallinn), Hiiumaa (Kardla), Ida-Virumaa (Johvi), Jarvamaa (Paide), Jogevamaa (Jogeva), Laanemaa (Haapsalu), Laane-Virumaa (Rakvere), Parnumaa (Parnu), Polvamaa (Polva), Raplamaa (Rapla), Saaremaa (Kuressaare), Tartumaa (Tartu), Valgamaa (Valga), Viljandimaa (Viljandi), Vorumaa (Voru) note: counties have the administrative center name following in parentheses Dependent areas: void Independence: 20 August 1991 (from Soviet Union) National holiday: Independence Day, 24 February (1918); note - 24 February 1918 is the date Estonia declared its independence from Soviet Russia; 20 August 1991 is the date it declared its independence from the Soviet Union

45. Estonia Independence Reclaimed, August 1991-October 1992 - Flags, Maps, Economy, Estonian politicians and government officials traveled in Western Europe and theUnited Domestically, in the fall of 1990 the Estonian government, http://workmall.com/wfb2001/estonia/estonia_history_independence_reclaimed_augus

HISTORY INDEX Country Ranks Introduction History ... [TOP] Estonia Independence Reclaimed, August 1991-October 1992 http://workmall.com/wfb2001/estonia/estonia_history_independence_reclaimed_august_1991_october_1992.html Source: The Library of Congress Country Studies < BACK TO HISTORY CONTENTS The dawning of glasnost (see Glossary) and perestroika To raise popular awareness of the independence issue, the Estonian Citizens Committees mounted a year-long campaign to register all citizens of the prewar republic and their descendants. Of an estimated 1 million such citizens, the grassroots movement succeeded in registering about 700,000. It was this electorate that, according to the radical committees, possessed the sole right to decide the future of Soviet-occupied Estonianot the Soviet-era Supreme Soviet, its government, or even the half-million Soviet-era immigrants to Estonia and their descendants, whom the committees claimed had taken up residence under the terms of the Soviet occupation and who would later be denied automatic citizenship. Rather, the committees asserted the need to elect a new representative body to lead the independence struggle and the restoration of the prewar republic. In February 1990, they organized nationwide elections for a Congress of Estonia, which held its first session the following month. Although their campaign enabled the citizens committees and the Congress to gain a fair amount of popular support, most Estonians were not totally willing to forsake the Supreme Soviet because it, too, was up for election in March 1990. The more moderate Estonian Popular Front favored the Supreme Soviet as a more realistic path to independence. The Estonian Popular Front campaigned heavily in March and won about forty of the 101 seats. The Supreme Soviet elections also allowed all residents of Estonia to vote, including Soviet-era immigrants and their descendants. These were mostly Russians who, still led primarily by Estonian Communist Party functionaries, finally elected a total of twenty-seven pro-Soviet deputies. Although the two-thirds Estonian majority consequently was slim, it was enough for the Supreme Soviet to declare at its first full session, on March 30, the country's official intention to reestablish its independence.

46. Estonia's Government Collapses EurActiv EU News, Policy Positions and EU Actors Online. http://www.euractiv.com/Article?tcmuri=tcm:29-137117-16&type=News

47. The Government Of Estonia To Unveil Monument To Nazi Soldiers On Victory Day - P Estonian officials determined to dishonor Soviet soldiers, who liberated Estoniaof fascism There is no point in exposing the blatant intention of the http://english.pravda.ru/world/20/92/372/15369_estonia.html

pravda.ru sites ... News from Russia /English/ PhotoReports /English/ Forum /English/ FunReports /English/ Pravda.Ru /Portuguese/ Pravda.Ru /Russian/ News /Russian/ Forum /Russian/ Politics /Russian/ World /Russian/ Culture /Russain/ Science /Russian/ Economics /Russian/ Society /Russian/ Districts /Russian/ Accidents /Russian/ Sport /Russian/ Market /Russian/ Lady Pravda.Ru /Russian/ Fark.Ru /Russian/ Health /Russian/ Front page Russia Science and Health World ... More>> Search Web english.pravda.ru Subscribe Lists at Felist.Com Comments From PRAVDA.Ru Information Partners Headliner Statistic Hosted By Say what you want! PRAVDA.Ru will hear you! Front page World Former USSR ... Baltic Republics The government of Estonia to unveil monument to Nazi soldiers on Victory Day Estonian officials determined to dishonor Soviet soldiers, who liberated Estonia of fascism The Estonian government has finally determined its attitude to the celebration of the 60th anniversary of Victory over Nazism. Estonia, a former republic of the Soviet Union, decided to mark the significant date in its own style. The monument to the warriors, who fell for freedom of Estonia will be unveiled in Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, on May 8th. In other words, the Estonian authorities intend to erect the monument to Wermaht soldiers and the 20th SS division. To crown it all, the monument is to be unveiled near the Memorial Complex to Soviet soldiers. There is no point in exposing the blatant intention of the Estonian government: it is extremely hard to comprehend the fact of unveiling the monument to Nazi soldiers during the celebration of Victory in WWII. It is not clear, however, why the government of Estonia made such an odious decision. They probably wanted to emphasize the national freedom and independence of Estonia, although it looked like the country has lost its mind and reason. It is worth mentioning that the monument was to be unveiled last summer, although the authorities decided to wait for another year.

48. The Government Of Estonia To Unveil Monument To Nazi Soldiers On Victory Day - P The estonian government has finally determined its attitude to the It is notclear, however, why the government of estonia made such an odious decision. http://english.pravda.ru/printed.html?news_id=15369

49. EGovernment Resource Centre: Estonia estonia unveils egovernment portal. egovernment News - 14 March 2003. The estoniangovernment on 12/03/2003 unveiled a new and ambitious e-government http://www.egov.vic.gov.au/International/Europe/Estonia/estonia.htm

Search term/s: Advanced Search Search scope: www.egov.vic.gov.au Vic Gov Sites Australian Gov Sites All Australian Sites Home About This Site Contact Site Index Current Location Home International Europe Other Options eGovernment - Estonia Citizen's IT Center Digital Signatures e-Governance e-Tax ... Top Citizen's IT Center Estonia launches Citizen's IT Center part of e-government initiative , By Michael Tarm, Associated Press Writer. Yahoo Finance, March 13, 2003. TALLINN, Estonia (AP) "Estonia's government has launched an ambitious new web site Citizen's IT Center, or KIT in another step by this cyber-savvy nation of 1.4 million to fight bureaucracy by shifting as many public services as possible to the Internet..." Estonia unveils e-Government portal . eGovernment News - 14 March 2003. "The Estonian Government on 12/03/2003 unveiled a new and ambitious e-Government portal. Branded “the Citizen's IT” Center, the site is meant to provide a single, one-stop umbrella for the many government services already online, and for all new services being developed..." Top Digital Signatures Finland and Estonia start harmonisation of digital signature practices . eGovernment News - 5 June 2003 Finland/Estonia - Identification & Authentication. "Finland and Estonia have signed an agreement at the end of May to harmonise the concepts and practices between the two countries regarding digital signature and document format and exchange..."

50. Law Firms In Estonia - Government Law Firms in estonia government Find Law Firms in estonia by Location and Areaof Practice. http://www.hierosgamos.org/hg/db_lawfirms.asp?action=search&subcategory=Governme

51. Estonia - Government Organizations Flags estonia government Organizations Flags The government of the Republic shallapprove the description of the revenue flag, customs badge and customs http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ee_go.html

Estonia - Government Organizations Flags Last modified: by dov gutterman Keywords: estonia custom Links: FOTW homepage search write us mirrors ... Citizenship and Migration Board's Flag See also: Estonia Revenue (Customs) Flag by Zeljko Heimer , 24 August 2001 www.customs.ee Flaggenbuch image Phil Nelson , 29 October 2000 Customs Flag. It is actually called Revenue Flag in Estonian documents in English available on the Net. www.customs.ee "Estonian Customs Act Chapter I Article 7. Customs insignia The Customs Board has a revenue flag, a customs badge and a customs emblem. The Government of the Republic shall approve the description of the revenue flag, customs badge and customs emblem. The Minister of Finance shall establish the procedure for using the revenue flag, customs badge and customs emblem. (13.10.99 entered into force 31.10.99 ¯ RT I 1999, 79, 731)" Zeljko Heimer , 24 August 2001 See also: Flags from "Flaggenbuch" - Estonian Customs Citizenship and Migration Board's Flag by Ivan Sache , 22 Febuary 2002 www.mig.ee

52. BBC NEWS | Technology | Estonia Opens Politics To The Web estonia s cabinet meetings are a good example. Each week, government Mr Sildis proud that estonia s advances in egovernment can serve as a model http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/3690661.stm

News Sport Weather World Service ... Newswatch Last Updated: Friday, 7 May, 2004, 07:02 GMT 08:02 UK E-mail this to a friend Printable version Estonia opens politics to the web By Clark Boyd Technology correspondent in Estonia In many countries, "e-government" is more political rhetoric than hard reality. But not in the tiny Baltic nation of Estonia, where democracy is running about as close to real-time as you can get. Visiting delegations get a taste of Estonia's parliament Estonia's cabinet meetings are a good example. Each week, government ministers gather at a few long, grey tables in a seemingly spartan room not far from the country's parliament building. The walls of the room may be mostly bare, but the tables certainly are not. Spaced at intervals along the table tops are sleek, flat-panel monitors, one for each minister. Underneath the desks are high-end computers, each hard-wired to the internet via broadband connections. The day's agenda is displayed on a giant projection screen. Any cabinet member who happens to be travelling can participate in the meeting via instant messaging.

53. Estonia - Government And Politics estonia s new era of democratic politics began slowly in the 1990s with theadoption of to function to ensure a balance of power and steady government. http://countrystudies.us/estonia/18.htm

Government and Politics Estonia Table of Contents Estonia's new era of democratic politics began slowly in the 1990s with the adoption of a new constitution and the formation of stable political groupings. Several mechanisms in the constitution were beginning to function to ensure a balance of power and steady government. Citizenship issues, however, caused tensions among the country's 500,000-strong Russophone population, most of whom had been denied automatic citizenship rights in 1991. Their naturalization and integration into Estonian society remained a significant challenge. Estonia Table of Contents Source: U.S. Library of Congress

54. Estonia, Latvia, And Lithuania - Introduction Moreover, Aleksiy accused the Estonian government, which had recognized the newlyindependent church as the legal successor to the preWorld War II Estonian http://countrystudies.us/estonia/introduction.htm

Introduction Estonia Latvia Lithuania FORCIBLY ANNEXED TO THE SOVIET UNION fifty-one years earlier, the Baltic statesEstonia, Latvia, and Lithuaniaregained independence in 1991 after an abortive coup in Moscow that accelerated the collapse of the Soviet regime. Having been, in the words of former British foreign secretary Douglas Hurd, "stolen or kidnapped from the European family," these nations embarked on a course of political and economic restructuring and reintegration with the West. Their experience with independent statehood and, to a lesser extent, with democracy in the 1920s and 1930s (an advantage not enjoyed by the other former Soviet republics), as well as their ability to maintain a strong sense of national identity under foreign hegemony, has helped them in their efforts to deal with the legacies of Soviet rule. The challenges, nonetheless, remain formidable. Komsomol'skaya pravda quoted high-level Russian military sources discussing a draft military doctrine that would authorize the invasion of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania if they were to join NATO.

55. Estonia > Politics > Administration > Government > Basic Information The rhetoric of new politics was expected to be popular in estonia due to the According to the poll of Emor, the first rating for the new government was http://www.balticdata.info/estonia/politics/estonia_politics_administration_gove

ESTONIAN GOVERNMENT Text by: Sigrid Kaasik-Krogerus The last parliamentary elections in March 2003 brought many changes into Estonian political life. A good share of those changes can be attributed to the great success of a new party, Res Publica, which had already gained quite a good result in its first elections, the municipality elections in October 2002. In Estonia Reformierakond has an image of a party whose ideology is based on the principles of Basically Res Publica and Keskerakond would have been able to form a government together without any other partners, since they got 56 seats of the total 101 of the parliament. However, this solution was clearly excluded by the Res Publica already before the elections. The coalition agreement includes also the changes in the tax sector: by 2006 the proportional income tax is supposed to decrease from the current 26% to 20%. There is no plan to rise the taxes unless it is not regulated by the acquis communautaire of the European Union. According to the poll of Emor, the first rating for the new government was high: on the scale from one to ten the government got 5,48 that is higher than any government has got during the last three years and higher than the former government managed to get during its more or less one year period. According to another opinion poll of Faktum, in the end of March 57% of the citizens considered that their interests were best represented by one of the coalition parties. By now the percentage has decreased to 44%.

56. Estonia > Politics > Administration > Government > Basic Information ESTONIAN government The government (the 37th Estonian government), January28, 2002 April 2003. A coalition between the Estonian Reform Party and the http://www.balticdata.info/estonia/politics/estonia_politics_administration_gove

ESTONIAN GOVERNMENT Text by: Vahur Made Estonian School of Diplomacy ESD, November 2001, updated January 2002 As the Head of the Government, the Prime Minister has the supreme power of policy making. Before the present government six men have held the Prime Minister's post in Estonia. Siim Kallas: 2002-2003 Prime Minister 1999-2002 Minister of Finance 1995-1999 member of parliament and the parliamentary National Defense Committee 1995-1996 Minister of Foreign Affairs 1991-1995 president of the Bank of Estonia 1989-1991 chairman of the Estonian Central Association of Trade Unions 1979-1986 director of the Estonian Central Board of Savings Banks 1975-1979 specialist at the Finance Ministry of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic Siim Kallas entered Estonian political life in 1987 as one of the economists who published the program on Estonia's economic freedom from Moscow. Becoming the President of the Bank of Estonia in 1991 he became a leading figure in shaping the Estonian currency reform in 1992. Estonian bank notes bear the signature of Siim Kallas. However, in 1999-2000 Kallas faced the court charges for a 10 million USD deceit. He was accused that during his presidency the Bank of Estonia invested 10 million USD to Paradiso SAL off-shore. After the money was sent to a bank account in Switzerland the representatives of Paradiso SAL disaappeared and the maoney was lost. Still, the court found Kallas not guilty in all charges.

57. Government, Politics, Law: Estonia: Selected Internet Resources (Portals To The Selected Internet Resources estonia. Portals to the World contain selectivelinks providing authoritative, indepth information about the nations and other http://www.loc.gov/rr/international/european/estonia/resources/es-government.htm

The Library of Congress Global Gateway Portals to the World Estonia Find in Portals Web Pages Global Gateway Pages All Library Web Pages Government, Politics, Law: Estonia Created and maintained by the European Division Collections and Services Directorate Links to Estonian government executive, legislative, and judicial sites; law and political party sites. For a Library of Congress resource on Estonian law, consult the Estonia section of the Guide to Law Online , at the Global Legal Information Network site. Eesti Vabariigi President (http://www.president.ee) Official website of the President of Estonia. Riigikogu: Parliament of Estonia (http://www.riigikogu.ee) In Estonian, Russian, and English. Riigikohus (http://www.nc.ee/english/) In English, Estonian, and Russian. E-riik (http://www.riik.ee/et/) Estonian government links. In Estonian. Eesti Pank, Bank of Estonia (http://www.eestipank.info/frontpage/en/) In Estonian and English. Eesti Post (http://www.post.ee)

58. Estonia - GOVERNMENT Under the constitution adopted on June 28, 1992, estonia has a parliamentarysystem of government, with a prime minister as chief executive. http://www.mongabay.com/reference/country_studies/estonia/GOVERNMENT.html

COUNTRY STUDIES Estonia - GOVERNMENT Estonia - The Constitution Under the constitution adopted on June 28, 1992, Estonia has a parliamentary system of government, with a prime minister as chief executive. Parliament also elects a president, whose duties are largely ceremonial, although the first holder of this office, Lennart Meri, sought to assert his independence. The constitution also governs the work of a legal chancellor, an auditor general, and the National Court. The Riigikogu (State Assembly), which replaced the transitional Supreme Council in 1992, has 101 members, who are chosen every four years by popular election. Members must be at least twenty-one years old. Each member may belong to only one committee. The president of the republic is elected to a five-year term by a two-thirds majority of the Riigikogu. The president nominates the prime minister, who must receive a vote of confidence from the Riigikogu. The Riigikogu passes legislation as well as votes of no confidence in the government. The president can dissolve parliament if there is a prolonged delay in the nomination of a prime minister or in the adoption of a state budget, or after a vote of no confidence in the government. The president promulgates all laws after their adoption by the Riigikogu. However, he or she may also refuse to promulgate (i.e., veto) a law and send it back to the Riigikogu for reconsideration. If the Riigikogu passes the same law again by a simple majority, the president's veto is overridden. In 1993 President Meri vetoed seven laws, most of which were later modified by the Riigikogu. An early string of vetoes in the spring of 1993 especially angered members of the government coalition in parliament who had helped to elect him. Meri declared it his obligation, however, to protect the balance of power in government. His involvement was particularly critical during the domestic and international crisis surrounding Estonia's Law on Aliens.

59. EUROPA - IDABC - Training E-government Leaders Estonia S E-Governanc European CommissionIDABC uses information and communication technologies tosupport the delivery of cross-border public sector services to citizens and http://europa.eu.int/idabc/en/document/3192/601

document.write(""); document.write("English"); document.write(""); en eGovernment News - June 2004 > Training e-government leaders: Estonia's E-Governance Academy Contact Who 's Who Search on EUROPA eGovernment Observatory ... eGovernment Forum Search MyIDABC Call for Tenders Site Map Training e-government leaders: Estonia's E-Governance Academy IDA eGovernment Newsletter - June 2004 Having spent about 1% of the state budget on public sector IT development over the last ten years, Estonia has established itself as a recognised e-government champion in Europe. To help its neighbours benefit from its expertise and reap the benefits of e-enabled government reform, it has created an E-Governance Academy The Estonian Government is widely perceived as being one of the most IT-savvy in Europe. Since gaining independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, it has indeed placed particular emphasis on making the best possible use of technology to build an efficient administrative structure and deliver high-quality public services to citizens and enterprises. As a result, most government business is already being conducted electronically. A paperless culture has been adopted in the administration, from small public agencies to the council of ministers. Electronic documentation has replaced paper in preparations for cabinet sessions, during which ministers review new legislation, make comments and vote electronically using computer terminals. An Internet-based system has even been launched to enable cabinet meetings to be conducted online.

60. EUROPA - Enlargement: Candidate Country - Estonia The government has lead the way to Eestonia, changing its cabinet meetings topaperless estonian government s European Union Information Secretariat http://europa.eu.int/comm/enlargement/estonia/

en document.write(''); document.write('English'); document.write(''); EUROPA European Commission Enlargement Candidate countries ... HOME All ABOUT... Enlargement Candidate countries Negotiations Financial assistance ... Communication strategy USEFUL INFORMATION Who does what? Public opinion Events Library ... PRESS CORNER Relations with Estonia This page was archived on the 1st of May 2004. The information concerning this ex candidate country has not been updated since that date. Country profile Overview of key documents related to enlargement Press releases/News section Country profile 2. Snapshot Estonia lies along the Baltic Sea, just south of Finland and has a climate of icy, snowy winters and long light summers. It is a country about the same size as the Netherlands, and is sparsely populated with around 1.4m people. Tallinn, Estonia's capital city, is about 80 km or 50 miles south of Helsinki, across the Gulf of Finland. Sweden is Estonia's western neighbour across the Baltic. Russia lies to the east, Latvia to the south.

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