81. HM -> Language Work >Estonian Language Outside Estonia Why should estonia organise foreign studies of its language and culture if there are a number of problems to solve within the country? http://www.hm.ee/uus/hm/client/index.php?1352671823282

82. Eurasia: Regional Baltic Programme 's Relevant Links General information about estonian culture and Tourism. culture Art. culture Literature culture Art. Empty. Links on the web. Art Museum of estonia http://www.oecd.org/linklist/0,2678,en_2649_34679_2585300_1_1_1_1,00.html

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Help/FAQ MyOECD Fran§ais Building Partnerships for Progress Search This sub-site Whole site More Search options Centre for Co-operation with Non-Members (Home) Country and Regional Programmes China ... Global Forums Back to OECD home page Department List Baltic Countries, Eurasia: Regional Baltic Programme 's relevant links About Information by Country Eurasia: Regional Baltic Programme 's relevant links Government Economy News and Information General Information ... OECD Member Country Embassies Government Links on the web Office of the President Office of the Prime Minister Riigikogu (Parliament) Government of the Republic of Estonia ... Data Protection Inspectorate Economy Links on the web Bank of Estonia Ministry of Finance Estonian Investment Agency Estonian Central Depository for Securities ... Credit and Export Guarantee Fund (KredEx) News and Information Links on the web Baltic News Service Estonia News Agency Baltic Business News General Information Links on the web Estonia Institute Estonia OnLine, Network Resources Estonia Country Guide Express Hotline ... City Paper Internet Sites of Information Society Links on the web Principles of Estonian Information Policy Estonian Informatics Centre Department of State Information Systems Tiger Leap ... European Survey of Information Society Internet Service Empty Links on the web EENet (scientific and educational sector) AS Microlink AS Infonet Other telecommunications Links on the web AS Eesti Telekom Starman Kaabeltelevisiooni AS AS STV Kaabeltelevisioon Eesti Telefon Links on the web

83. Estonian Culture In The UK Estonian culture in the UK 200508-03 IN COLLABORATION WITH THE HUNGARIAN CULTURAL CENTRE AND THE FINNISH AND ESTONIAN EMBASSIES An evening of Poetry http://www.estonia.gov.uk/lang_4/rub_1069

Estonian Culture in the UK Estonian Folk Art and Crafts Union at the Thames Festival New European Village by National Theatre Noon – 10 pm London, South Bank More info: http://www.thamesfestival.org A fund raising event for the British-Estonian Society (BEST) a concert by Tµnis M¤gi on Saturday 24th of September at 6.00 pm at the Church of St Anne and St Agnes, Gresham Street, London, EC2V 7BX. Concert is free of charge . Donations are welcome and will help to sustain BEST efforts to promote Estonia in the UK. R.S.V.P. embassy.london@estonia.gov.uk A WEEKEND OF FINNO-UGRIC CULTURE IN COLLABORATION WITH THE HUNGARIAN CULTURAL CENTRE AND THE FINNISH AND ESTONIAN EMBASSIES An evening of Poetry Thursday, 29 September 2005 7.30pm Leighton House Museum, 12 Holland Park Road, London W14 An evening of Classical Music Friday, 30 September, 2005 7.30pm Leighton House Museum, 12 Holland Park Road, London W14 An evening of Jazz Saturday, 1 October 2005 7.30pm Hungarian Cultural Centre Free. For reservations, please call 020 7240 6162. An evening of Poetry - fs (Fran§ois Serpent) Scottish Chamber Orchestra Olari Elts - Conductor Gautier Capu§on  - Cello 19th - 22nd Oct 2005 19 October 19:30 , Ayr Town Hall 20 October 19:30 , St Andrews Younger Hall 21 October 19:30 , Glasgow Academy Concert Hall, RSAMD 22 October 19:30 , Edinburgh Queen's Hall HAYDN 'Paris' Symphony No 86 (26') TCHAIKOVSKY Rococo Variations (18') STRAUSS Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme (36') http://www.sco.org.uk

84. Estonia And UK Relations : Cultural Relations Estonian culture in the UK has often been represented by music. The work of Estonian composers Arvo Pärt and ErkkiSven Tüür is frequently performed in the http://www.estonia.gov.uk/lang_4/rub_500/rub2_504

Cultural and Educational Contacts The governments of Estonia and the UK signed an agreement on co-operation in education, science, and culture on July 18, 1996. This agreement has facilitated and promoted co-operative efforts in many different fields. For example, contacts between the University of Tartu and British universities have strengthened. A good example of co-operation in science and education are the regular conferences held by the Estonian Centre of British Studies at the University of Tartu. The last international conference, held in Tartu in April 2002 was called "Defining Englishness". The next conference will be held in 2004. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office, the School for Slavonic and Eastern European Studies (SSEES) of the University of London, and the Estonian Ministry of Education jointly fund a scholarship to teach the Estonian language at the SSEES. A Memorandum of Understanding between all parties has been signed for the period until May 2005. The British Council in Tallinn has supported British art, music, literature, theatre, and film in Estonia, as well as cultural festivals highlighting different regions of the UK. There have been a number of major exhibitions of British art, architecture and design in Estonia in recent years. The British Council has also supported the training of teachers of the English langugage in Estonia. A number of British non-governmental organisations have assisted and supported Estonian culture and the arts, as well as research. For example, the British Headly Trust has supported the restoration of Tallinn's Holy Ghost Church (

85. Www.news2mail.com: Soc.Culture.Estonia -- Estonian Culture, Language, News, Poli Subscribe the Messages from the Usenetgroup Soc.culture.estonia and get them in your local mailbox. http://www.news2mail.com/soc/culture/estonia.html

Soc.Culture.Estonia Home Soc Soc.Culture Estonian culture, language, news, politics. (Moderated) Related Groups: Messages, that appear in this Group also appear in gnu.gnusenet.test (1) microsoft.public.inetsdk.programming.mstask (1) soc.college.financial-aid (1) soc.couples.wedding (1) To get all news from this group to your mailbox, choose a format, type in your e-mail adress and press subscribe. To stop receiving the messages use the unsubscribe-button single messages. Expect about Messages per day. one message per day with all news as html-file one message per day with all news as zipped-html-file e-mail address: This group is available on the following free newsservers: dp-news.maxwell.syr.edu (2Articles per day) (0Articles per day) news.uni-stuttgart.de (0Articles per day) Clicking on this link should open this group in your Newsreader. This will only work if you have a correctly installed a newsreader and a standard news-server is set. To contact us, please send a mail to webmaster@news2mail.com .Please do not ask questions about the content of the group, since we will not be able to answer those. See this description how to post a message into the group.

86. Islamic World.Net: Countries communities and conserves the natural and culture heritage of estonia. estonian Association of Travel Agencies enterprising, improving the quality of http://islamic-world.net/countries/estonia.htm

Other Sections: H O M E Our Plan Our Policy Our Papers Parenting Sister's Page Muslim Youth Children's Page Shahadah Da'wah Khalifah Asphorism Islamic Books Islamic News Multimedia Countries Links Index Ask Scholar Search Engines Contact Us H O M E countries Country Facts GOV E D U ... General Country Facts Location: Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Finland, between Latvia and Russia Population: 1,431,471 (July 2000 est.) Ethnic groups: Estonian 65.1%, Russian 28.1%, Ukrainian 2.5%, Byelorussian 1.5%, Finn 1%, other 1.8% (1998) Religions: Evangelical Lutheran, Russian Orthodox, Estonian Orthodox, Baptist, Methodist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal, Word of Life, Jewish Languages: Estonian (official), Russian, Ukrainian, English, Finnish, other Area: total: 45,226 sq km, land: 43,211 sq km, water: 2,015 sq km Natural resources: shale oil (kukersite), peat, phosphorite, amber, cambrian blue clay, limestone, dolomite, arable land G O V top Government of the Republic of Estonia - official information. Office of the President of Estonia Prime Minister of the Republic of Estonia Parliament of Estonia Ministry of Education ... United States: Embassy of Estonia in Washington, D.C.

87. Kultuuri Kontaktpunkt Cultural Contact Point estonia has been set up to provide information and culture.ee a calendar of estonian cultural events in estonia and abroad http://ccp.einst.ee/english

@import "misc/drupal.css"; @import "themes/ccp/style.css"; Kultuuri Kontaktpunkt ccp@einst.ee in english foorum ... sisselogimine Kultuur 2000 tutvustus 2006. a. taotlusvoor taotlemisabi Viited partnerite otsing rahastamisvµimalused kasulikud kontaktid Teated Ilmunud on Kultuur 2000 e-ajalehe uus number (ing k). Cultural Contact Point Estonia Cultural Contact Point Estonia has been set up to provide information and assistance in regard to Culture 2000 , the European Union programme for supporting cultural co-operation, as well as multilateral cultural co-operation in general. The CCP Estonia, created in 2002, is now hosted by the Estonian Institute. Besides providing advice and assistance to Estonian cultural operators, our task also includes helping foreign cultural organisations interested in co-operation to find contacts in Estonia, both within the Culture 2000 framework and outside. Contact us at: Cultural Contact Point Estonia Eesti Instituut Suur-Karja 14 EE-10140 Tallinn Estonia Tel: (+372) 6314 355 (Mr Karel Zova) Fax: (+372) 6314 356 E-mail: ccp@einst.ee

88. Estonia And Germany : Culture, Education And Science The joint Germanestonian cultural co-operation commission met in Tallinn in estonia’s cultural attaché to Germany Reet Weidebaum began her work in the http://www.estemb.de/lang_4/rub_383/rub2_386

Culture, education and science AGREEMENTS Agreement on assigning German teachers to Estonian schools (came into force 21.03.94); Protocol on Co-operation between the Ministry of Education and Science of the Federal Republic of Germany and the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Estonia. Pursuant to the protocol in the framework of the TRANSFORM programme, two projects have been completed at Tallinn Mechanical School and Tallinn Economic School; Agreement on education between the governments of Estonia and Germany (signed 03.06.02). Agreement on cultural co-operation (came into force 15.08.02). German institutes of culture have operated in Tallinn and Tartu since 1991. In 1998, the Goethe Institute was opened at the German Institute of Culture in Tallinn. The education agreement is necessary to regulate and support the unique programme offered by Germany on the national level for those Estonian high schools where German is taught as in-depth courses (the Tallinn German High School, Kadriorg German High School, Tallinn •ism¤e Humanitarian High School, Tartu Raatuse High School and Tartu Hugo Treffner High School). The graduates of the schools mentioned receive both German and Estonian high school diplomas, which means that in the course of the same examination they pass the German graduation exam and the Estonian state exam. Thereafter they have equal rights and opportunities as the German graduates in Germany, as the language diploma received proves their German language level, which is sufficient for studying at German universities.

89. Estonia And Poland : Cultural Relations located in Gdansk organized a project New estonia 2002 to promote estonian culture. Within the framework of this project a hundred estonian cultural http://www.estemb.pl/lang_4/rub_470/rub2_474

Cultural Relations During the past decades, the works of Sienkiewicz, à ½eromski, DÄ browska and Miloà ›Ä‡i have been introduced to Estonian readers through the translations of Hendrik Lindepuu, Aleksander Kurtna and Ruth Karem¤e. Polish readers would be familiar with the works of Estonians Tammsaare, Kross, Valton and Niit. In 1997, the Estonian National Library in co-operation with the Polish National Library and the Polish Embassy opened an exhibition of Polish literature consisting of more than 100 books. Translator Ruth Karem¤e was chosen in the autumn of 2002 along with 16 people to receive a special diploma from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland for helping introduce Poland to the world. Estonian theatre has traditionally been successful at the Contact Festival of Toruà „. The 1992 Grand Prix was awarded to "The Punjaba Pot Works of Epp Pillapardi" by Priit Pedajas. Estonian theatres have often staged plays by such writers as Grotowski, Mroà ¼ek, Roszewicz, Andrzejewski and Schaeffer. Estonian graphic art has achieved good results at the Krakow International Graphic Art Triennial.

90. Estonia And France : Cultural Relations Major contributions have been made to cultural relations by the French French culture in estonia in close cooperation with estonian partners. http://www.est-emb.fr/lang_4/rub_575/rub2_577

Cultural Relations Cultural co-operation between the two countries is active. Major contributions have been made to cultural relations by the French Ambassador, and the French Cultural Centre, which operates as an information centre and organises events introducing French culture in Estonia in close co-operation with Estonian partners. A French Reading Room was opened in the National Library and the Estonian branch of the international organization Alliance Fran§aise , which promotes the French language and culture was created. France supports French language programmes in Estonia. In addition to the aid rendered to four French lyc©es , there is close co-operation with two institutions of higher education - the Centre of French Studies at the University of Tartu and the Tallinn Pedagogical University. The Estonian Foreign Ministry in co-operation with the French Embassy is carrying out an extensive French language study-programme for its officials with a goal of providing a basic knowledge of French to Estonian diplomats. In recent years the works of over one hundred French writers and philosophers have been translated into Estonian (B. Pascal, J.-J. Rousseau, A. Gide, S. de Beauvoir, J. Giono, J. Genet, G. Bachlard, A. Mak¯ne, M. Yourcenar and many others). Thanks to some enthusiastic translators, the works of several Estonian authors (J. Kross, V. Luik, H. Kiik and T. •nnepalu, A. Valtin, J. Kaplinski) have reached French readers. In 1989, "The Czar's Madman" by Jaan Kross was awarded the prize for the best foreign book (Prix du meilleur livre ©tranger) and in 2002 a collection of poetry by Jaan Kaplinski

91. Slavic Department Language Programs estonian studies at the University of Toronto are concerned with the language, literature, and culture of estonia. The language courses will be of interest http://www.utoronto.ca/slavic/language/estonian.html

Language Programs Croatian Estonian Finnish Hungarian Macedonian Polish ... Go to Finno-Ugric in the University Calendar Estonian is spoken by approximately one million people in present-day Estonia and some 72,000 in other parts of the world, including 18,000 in Canada. Closely related to Finnish and more distantly to Hungarian, Estonian is one of the few Finno-Ugric languages to exist surrounded by speakers of Indo-European languages. An ancient people, the Estonians have preserved their language and culture despite centuries of domination by other nations. Not only is their heritage enormously rich in folk epics and songs, but Estonians enjoy a vigorous and diversified literary tradition which continues in Estonia proper and in their adoptive countries. Estonian studies at the University of Toronto are concerned with the language, literature, and culture of Estonia. The language courses will be of interest to those wishing to improve their language skills, as well as to students of general linguistics who desire to acquire a knowledge of a non-Indo-European language. Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures 121 St. Joseph Street, Alumni Hall (AH), Rm. 429 ~ Toronto, Ontario ~ M5S 1J4

92. Estonia And Japan : Cultural Relation In estonia, one can study Japanese language and culture at the estonian Institute of Humanities, the Language Centre of the University of Tartu, http://www.estemb.or.jp/lang_4/rub_1491/rub2_1499

Cultural Relations The Japanese Government has supported the furnishing of the language laboratory of the University of Tartu (0.3 million EUR) and provided aid to the Estonian National Opera for purchasing the audio-visual equipment (0.4 million EUR). The Estonian Music Academy will get 0.4 million EUR for the technical furnishings of the electronic music studio. The Heino Eller Music School in Tartu was supported with 0.4 million EUR for purchasing music instruments. In Estonia, one can study Japanese language and culture at the Estonian Institute of Humanities, the Language Centre of the University of Tartu, the Pedagogical University, Tallinn’s J¤rveotsa Secondary School and in the Tallinn Language School. Since March 2001, it has been possible to apply for dedicated Japanese Government grants in the framework of the project "Grant Assistance for Cultural Grass-Roots Project". The Estonian Institute of Humanities was supported with nearly 65 000 EUR for the purchasing of studying materials and technology. Estonian specialists are offered specialised training in various disciplines (power engineering, environment protection, forensic science etc.) by the Japan International Co-operation Agency JICA. The Japanese Ministry of Education (

93. Chicagopianos.com / Chicago Piano Store - Estonia Pianos - Estonia History estonia guaranteed cultural autonomy to all minorities, including its Jewish population. In a conscious effort to impart Russian culture in estonia, http://www.chicagopianos.com/estoniahistory.htm

Estonia home Specifications Famous quotes about Estonia pianos ... Customer quotes about Estonia pianos History of Estonia The shores of the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Finland have been home to the Estonians for thousands of years. However, throughout much of their history, they have been subjugated by foreign occupying powers. Estonians stubbornly preserved their identity through foreign dominations and finally were victorious in their War for Independence in 1918-1920, fighting both Soviet Russia and the German Landeswehr colonizers. During its independence 1918-1940, Estonia was a model society in the community of nations, a member of the League of Nations. Estonia guaranteed cultural autonomy to all minorities, including its Jewish population. In 1939, the Nazi Soviet Pact divided Europe into spheres of influence, 'assigning' Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania to the Soviets. In 1940, breaking all agreements Moscow had with Estonia, the Soviet Army occupied Estonia, forced a pro-Moscow puppet government on the country and illegally annexed it into the Soviet Union. The United States and most other Western countries never recognized the annexation. A reign of terror ensued, in which Estonia's top political, military and other leaders were arrested and shot, and thousands deported in cattlecars to Siberia, where few survived. Nazi Germany occupied Estonia until 1944. With the return of the Soviets, 80 000 Estonians fled to the West. The renewed Soviet occupation brought another reign of terror, with more deportations to Siberia. In a conscious effort to impart Russian culture in Estonia, the Soviets brought in tens of thousands of Russians and others to colonize the country. The large Russian ethnic population currently in Estonia is the consequence of that deliberate policy of genocide.

94. Estonia Vacation Guide: Romantic Estonia Cruises, Estonia Honeymoons, Getaways, Call 415 446 5252 to book your estonia Luxury Vacation, Tour or Cruise. estonia estonia vacations, estonia tours and cultural excursions- http://www.travelwizard.com/europe/Estonia1154_Overview.html

European Luxury Tours, Luxury Vacations, Luxury Cruises European Vacation Guide: Romantic European Vacations European Luxury Vacations, Travel, Tours and Cruise Consultants Call 800 330 8820 to book your Estonia Luxury Vacation, Tour or Cruise. Other Places in Europe Albania Andorra Austria Vacations ... Wales Vacations Luxury Cruise Guides Luxury Cruises World Luxury Cruises European River Cruises Europe Cruises ... Travel Agent Career Opportunities Estonia: Overview Estonia vacations, Estonia tours and cultural excursions- Book Your Estonia Vacation Submit a vacation planner to our Estonia Travel Specialists Client Testimonials Search Your Vacation, Tour or Cruise Estonia Overview Estonia History Estonia Culture Estonia Geography ... Estonia Practical Info Luxury Europe Accommodations Europe Luxury Hotels Europe Luxury Tours Escape to Europe Cruises France Luxury Tours Italy Luxury Tours Europe Train Vacations ... Europe Active Vacations Moderatly Priced Europe Tours France Vacations Italy Tours European River Cruises Europe Luxury Cruises Western Europe Cruises European River Cruises Luxury Cruises World Luxury Cruises Helpful Travel Links Other Helpful Travel Links Instant Passports in 24 hours Travelex Luxury Travel Insurance ... Bookmark this page Full Service Luxury Europe Vacation Planner Click here to save money, time and stress planning, making reservations, or booking your luxury vacation with our full

95. Culture.ee, Estonian Culture Events Calendar Eesti sündmuste kalender. Calendar of Estonian Events. Film and photo Art Literature Traditional culture Lectures Exhibitions Miscellaneous http://www.culture.ee/

W T F S S M T 19 Sep - 25 Sep 26 Sep - 02 Oct 03 Oct - 09 Oct September 2005 ... Made by Estonian Institute 2002-2003 IN ESTONIA Pan-Finno-Ugrian Days 2005 10 - 16 October 2005 IN THE WORLD Mark Raidpere in the Estonian Pavilion at the Venice Biennial 2005 12 June - 06 November 2005 MARK RAIDPERE ISOLATOR Preview: June 9-10-11, 2005 (9.00 am - 8.00 pm) June 12 - November 6, 2005 ... LOCAL EVENT Chinese Calligraphy 02 - 25 September 2005 The exhibition gives an overview of the origins and development of Chinese calligraphy through centuries ...

96. Välisministeerium : CULTURE General information about Estonian culture and tourism Infopoint Estonian culture Estonian Folk culture Development and Training Centre http://www.vm.ee/eng/kat_136/291.html

EST ENG Estonian Economy Foreign Relations ... Estonian Links » CULTURE 06 February 2004 CULTURE This list presents a selection of internet addresses that you can find on the Internet about Estonian culture and tourism. It provides you a useful path to study further about the subject. General information about Estonian culture and tourism Infopoint Estonian Culture Estonian Cultural Events Kultuurinfo Ministry of Culture ... Institute of Baltic studies Art Artserver Art Centre Kunstikeskus The Art Museum of Estonia Center of Contemporary Arts Estonia ... Estonian Art Magazine Literature Estonian Literature Information Centre Estonian Literary Museum Estonian Literary Magazine Estonian Literature Information Centre Estonian literature in translation A Brief History of Estonian Book Music Estonian Song And Dance Celebration Foundation State Concert Institute Estonian Music Information Centre Estonian Choral Society ... Piletilevi Organises, arranges and mediates the ticket sales of various entertainment events. Estonian Authors Society Estonian Progressive Rock Website Folklore Information about Estonian folklore An Electronical Journal of Folklore Information centre of Finno-Ugric Peoples Estonian Folk Culture Development and Training Centre ... Estonian Folk Costumes Theatre Estonian Theatre Information Centre Vanemuine Theatre Estonian Drama Theatre Estonian National Opera ... Estonian Drama Agency Films Estonian Film Foundation Eesti Joonisfilm animated films Eesti Nukufilm puppetfilm studio Black Nights Film Festival Pärnu International Documentary and Anthropology Film Festival Dance

97. MOFA : Estonia estonia has had cultural property returned from many countries that had in A vast majority of estonia cultural property abroad is illegally located in http://www.vm.ee/estonia/kat_174/pea_174/5220.html

Estonia Traditions and Values Estonian cultural treasures outside Estonia Estonian cultural treasures outside Estonia 18 February 2005 Every country’s cultural heritage constitutes a significant part of their identity. Cultural property should be freely accessible and usable for the achievement of national, ethnic or individual goals. Estonia has striven to adhere to this principle and the practice of international law by returning foreign cultural property and also retrieving many of its own cultural treasures. Nevertheless, a great number of national culture heritage treasures remain outside Estonia. A majority of them are located in the Russian Federation, where they were taken during World War I and World War II, as well as during the Soviet occupation that lasted for half a century. Estonia has dealt with matters relating to the protection and restitution of national cultural property since independence in 1918. This work has been continued after the restoration of Estonia’s independence. Matters of restitution have been on the agenda in the Parliament as well as the Government, but most consistently in the Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Culture, in the National Archives and at the University of Tartu. Estonia has had cultural property returned from many countries that had in various ways been dispersed around the world: Russia returned, in accordance with the Tartu Peace Treaty, cultural property that had been evacuated from Estonia to Russia during World War I, including the archives of the Swedish era Governor General (XVI and XVII centuries) and the Tallinn City Archives, in the early 1920s.

98. Estonian Institute The Estonian Institute is supported by the Ministry of culture; In order to better fulfill its tasks and promote Estonian culture in the world, http://www.esis.ee/ist2000/einst/einst.htm

The Estonia Page Estonian Institute The Estonian Institute has been in business since 1989. The Institute is a non-profit organisation whose task is to spread information about Estonian society, culture and education, introduce Estonian culture in other countries and further cultural exchange between Estonia and other countries and support the teaching of the Estonian language at institutions of higher education abroad. The Estonian Institute is supported by the Ministry of Culture; for a number of projects it seeks special funding elsewhere. Besides the Ministry of Culture , the Institute co-operates closely with other governmental and non-governmental structures such as the Ministry of Education Ministry of Foreign Affairs , various foundations and societies. The Estonian Institute: maintains the Estonia Page, a website providing in-depth information about Estonia: http://www.einst.ee publishes informative material on Estonia order form publishes two periodicals : Estonian Literary Magazine and Estonian Art organises events abroad which introduce Estonian culture and society answers enquiries about Estonia (society and culture) helps foreign journalists, researchers etc. find necessary contacts in Estonia

99. Arts & Humanities Changes in culture in 17th century. Literacy. End of the period. First secular writers. Poems in Estonian by ancient models. End and resurrection. http://www.ibs.ee/ibs/culture/estonian_literature/

IBS Estonian Literature Loone Ots Preface CONTENT The Non-estonian Literature Chronicles Henry the Latvian. Hoeneke. Russow. Why early Estonian literature is non-Estonian? Text examples (Henry, I,10; Hoeneke, the beginning and the end; Russow I, 49) Revisal questions. Early Poetry Changes in culture in 17 th century. Literacy. End of the period. First secular writers. What is called occasional poetry? 18 th century. Revisal questions. Spiritual and Educational Literature Catholic prayers. Cathecism by Wanradt and Koell. Sermons by Müller. Stahl's grammar. ABC-book by Forselius. Bible translation by Thor Helle. Revisal questions. Beginning of National Literature Restoring of the University of Tartu. Kristjan Jaak Peterson Origin and talent for languages. University years. Poems in Estonian by ancient models. End and resurrection. Text example (The Singer) Revisal questions. Writing of National Epic Friedrich Robert Faehlmann Biography. Text example (The Dawn and the Dusk) Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald Biography. Works. The Kalevipoeg Idea. Sources. Writing. Special additional factors. Form. Content. Opposing poles. Ethical values. Allegory. Researchers. Adaptions. Text examples (For recommendation and Final verses).

100. The Virtual Jewish History Tour - Estonia The Estonian government passed a law pertaining to the cultural autonomy of minority peoples. This was a logical step forward in the national policies of http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/Estonia.html

The Virtual Jewish History Tour Estonia There is little information regarding the arrival of Jews in Estonia. There are, according to archive materials, individual reports of Jews in Estonia as early as the fourteenth century. This, however, should not be considered the starting point for a permanent Jewish settlement in the region. In fact, Jews were prohibited from living in Estonia. A Jewish congregation does not exist without its synagogue ; the largest of which was constructed in Tallinn in 1883 and in Tartu in 1901. Both of these were subsequently destroyed by fire in World War II As time passed, the Jewish population spread to other Estonian cities where houses of prayer and cemeteries were erected at Valga, Pärnu and Viljandi. At that time, the Jews sought to establish their own network of education. Yeshivot were established for the teaching of the Talmud , and elementary schools were organized in Tallinn in the 1880s. The majority of the Jewish population at that time consisted of small tradesmen and artisans, very few were literate and Jewish cultural life lagged. A change was brought about at the end of the nineteenth century when Jews entered the University of Tartu . University students did much to enliven Jewish culture and education. 1917 saw the founding of the Jewish Drama Club in Tartu.

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