61. A Short History Of Eritrea In 1890 the Colony of eritrea is a fact. When Italy conquers Ethiopia in In 1952, a UN resolution federating eritrea with Ethiopia comes into effect. http://www.electionworld.org/history/eritrea.htm

The Eritrean coast is was subject to the Emperor of Ethiopia until the 16th century, when it comes under Ottoman control (from 1865 as part of the province of Egypt ). In 1882 Italy takes over the port of Assab and extended its control over the area. In 1890 the Colony of Eritrea is a fact. When Italy conquers Ethiopia in 1936, Eritrea is federated with it and Italian Somalia into Italian East Africa . In 1941 Eritrea is placed under British military administration after the Italian surrender in World War II. In 1952, a UN resolution federating Eritrea with Ethiopia comes into effect. Though the resolution ignores Eritrean pleas for independence it guarantees Eritreans some democratic rights and a measure of autonomy. But almost immediately after the federation goes into effect, however, these rights begin to be abridged or violated. The Eritrean parliament is unilaterally dissolved by Ethiopia in 1962 and the region is annexed. From that moment the Eritrean fight for independence is spraked. During the 1960s, the Eritrean independence struggle is performed by the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF). Dissidents form in 1970 Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF). This becomes the dominant liberation organization in the late 1970s under Issayas Aferworki. After 1988 the EPLF starts to control large parts of Eritrea. When the marxist dictatorship in Ethiopia falls in 1991, a peace conference leads to an agreement in which Ethiopia recognizes the right of the Eritreans to hold a referendum on independence. The EPLF establishes a provisional government of Eritrea and after the referendum in 1993 Eritrea

62. History Of Eritrea Provides a history of eritrea from the 19th Century until the present time. http://www.historyofnations.net/africa/eritrea.html

History of Eritrea Site Links Home Search this Site History Posters Africa ... Privacy Policy Prior to Italian colonization in 1885, what is now Eritrea had been ruled by the various local or international powers that successively dominated the Red Sea region. In 1896, the Italians used Eritrea as a springboard for their disastrous attempt to conquer Ethiopia. Eritrea was placed under British military administration after the Italian surrender in World War II. In 1952, a UN resolution federating Eritrea with Ethiopia went into effect. The resolution ignored Eritrean pleas for independence but guaranteed Eritreans some democratic rights and a measure of autonomy. Almost immediately after the federation went into effect, however, these rights began to be abridged or violated. In 1962, Emperor Haile Sellassie unilaterally dissolved the Eritrean parliament and annexed the country, sparking the Eritrean fight for independence from Ethiopia that continued after Haile Sellassie was ousted in a coup in 1974. The new Ethiopian Government, called the Derg, was a Marxist military junta led by strongman Mengistu Haile Miriam. During the 1960s, the Eritrean independence struggle was led by the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF). In 1970, members of the group had a falling out, and a group broke away from the ELF and formed the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF). By the late 1970s, the EPLF had become the dominant armed Eritrean group fighting against the Ethiopian Government, and Isaias Afwerki had emerged as its leader. Much of the materiel used to combat Ethiopia was captured from the Ethiopian Army.

63. The Permanent Mission Of The State Of Eritrea To The United Nations On 1 January 1890, Italy set the boundaries of eritrea and ruled it as a colony After the Italian defeat in World War II, Britain administered eritrea. http://www.un.int/eritrea/history.htm

64. Reporting History - Eritrea Bayefsky.com emcompasses the full range of data concerning the application of the UN human rights treaty system by its monitoring treaty bodies since their http://www.bayefsky.com/docs.php/area/rephistory/state/57

The United Nations Human Rights Treaties Home Introduction Text of the Treaties Amendments to the Treaties Documents BY STATE BY CATEGORY BY THEME OR SUBJECT MATTER How to Complain About ... Human Rights Treaty Violations New! Working Methods of the Treaty Bodies Reform of the UN Human Rights Treaty System About Bayefsky.com New! PORTAL to UN human rights treaty information Feedback? Suggestions? Contact us Can't find what you're looking for? See " By Theme or Subject Matter To link to this site, please contact us Reporting History Eritrea CCPR CEDAW CERD CESCR ... CRC Optional Protocol (Sale of Children/Prostitution/Pornography) Information is at July 2005. The reporting history of a state includes periodic reports (the regular reporting cycle) as well as specific requests for special reports or additional information.

65. Reporting History - CESCR - Eritrea Bayefsky.com emcompasses the full range of data concerning the application of the UN human rights treaty system by its monitoring treaty bodies since their http://www.bayefsky.com/docs.php/area/rephistory/state/57/node/3/treaty/cescr/op

The United Nations Human Rights Treaties Home Introduction Text of the Treaties Amendments to the Treaties Documents BY STATE BY CATEGORY BY THEME OR SUBJECT MATTER How to Complain About ... Human Rights Treaty Violations New! Working Methods of the Treaty Bodies Reform of the UN Human Rights Treaty System About Bayefsky.com New! PORTAL to UN human rights treaty information Feedback? Suggestions? Contact us Can't find what you're looking for? See " By Theme or Subject Matter To link to this site, please contact us Reporting History CESCR - Eritrea View as HTML View as PDF Download as WordPerfect file Information is at July 2005. The reporting history of a state includes periodic reports (the regular reporting cycle) as well as specific requests for special reports or additional information.

66. History (from Eritrea) --  Encyclopædia Britannica More from Britannica on history (from eritrea) Fact sheet on this African country. Includes a history and an economic summary. eritrea http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-129420

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Expand all Collapse all Introduction The land Relief Drainage Climate Settlement patterns The people Language groups Religions The economy Natural resources Agriculture Industry Trade and transportation Administration and social conditions Government Health and education History Precolonial Eritrea Rule from the highlands Contesting for the coastlands Colonial Eritrea Ruled by Italy From Italian to Ethiopian rule Federation with Ethiopia Adoption of the federal scheme Failure of the federal scheme The war of independence Beginning of armed revolt The spreading revolution Additional Reading Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%!

67. History. (from Eritrea) --  Encyclopædia Britannica history. (from eritrea) As the site of the principal ports of the Aksumite empire (flourished 4th–6th century AD;), eritrea was linked to the beginnings of http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-56399

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in This Article's Table of Contents Introduction The land. The people. The economy. ... Government. History. Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Eritrea Page 6 of 6 History. AD Eritrea... (75 of 996 words) var mm = [["Jan.","January"],["Feb.","February"],["Mar.","March"],["Apr.","April"],["May","May"],["June","June"],["July","July"],["Aug.","August"],["Sept.","September"],["Oct.","October"],["Nov.","November"],["Dec.","December"]]; To cite this page: MLA style: "Eritrea." http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-56399 APA style: Eritrea. ( . Retrieved http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-56399

68. History Of Eritrea -- Facts, Info, And Encyclopedia Article Categories history by nation, eritrea eritrea is an ancient name, associated in the past with its (A native or inhabitant of Greece) Greek form Erythraía http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/H/Hi/History_of_Eritrea.htm

History of Eritrea [Categories: History by nation, Eritrea] Eritrea is an ancient name, associated in the past with its (A native or inhabitant of Greece) Greek form Erythraía (The alphabet used by ancient Greeks) Greek alphabet ), and its derived (Any dialect of the language of ancient Rome) Latin form Erythræa . In the past, Eritrea had given its name to the (A long arm of the Indian Ocean between northeast Africa and Arabia; linked to the Mediterranean at the north end by the Suez Canal) Red Sea , then called the Erythræan Sea (An African country north of Ethiopia on the Red Sea; achieved independence from Ethiopia in 1993) Eritrea officially celebrated its independence on May 24, 1993. Prior to (A native or inhabitant of Italy) Italian colonization in 1885, what is now Eritrea had been ruled by the various local or international powers that successively dominated the (A long arm of the Indian Ocean between northeast Africa and Arabia; linked to the Mediterranean at the north end by the Suez Canal) Red Sea region. In 1896, the Italians used Eritrea as a springboard for their disastrous attempt to conquer

69. Ministry Of Information : Eritrea : Shabait.com history of eritrea Relationships with the PreSolomonic and Solomonic Kingdoms Up To eritrea Festival 2005 an Important Event in Our Festivals history http://www.shabait.com/articles-new/publish/cat_index_8.html

Menu List National News Editorial Commentary Local Papers ... Contact Us Country Profile The Constitution About Us Advertising Home Contact Us Updated on: Sep 13th, 2005 - 21:05:29 History of Eritrea: Relationships with the Pre-Solomonic and Solomonic Kingdoms Up To the 16th Century The issue on the political relationships between Ethiopia and the area which since the 9th century is known as Eritrea has been the object of opposite views... FULL STORY Improved electricity supply for Barentu town Messages of condolence continue Tree seedlings planted and money donated in honor of martyrs ... September 1: Birth of Glorious Struggle National News Eritrean delegation in China on working visit Improved electricity supply for Barentu town Messages of condolence continue Commentary A Hero never die... He just passes away Tegadalay Ali Seid Abdalla, a Man of Great Courage and Integrity Donations, Another Factor For Failing Capabilities And Corruption Proliferation Editorial The struggler departs living behind a legacy of heroic feats Upgrading Human Resource, Basis and Goal of Development -Part II- Upgrading Human Resource, Basis and Goal of Development -Part I- Zeresenay participated in 10,000 meters competition in Finland ... Sport Festival of Eritreans in North America underway Local Papers Local Newspapers: Sep 02, 2005

70. Ministry Of Information : Eritrea : Shabait.com history of eritrea Political system, economy, culture and society in eritrea and eritrea Festival 2005 an Important Event in Our Festivals history http://www.shabait.com/articles-new/publish/article_3334.html

Menu List National News Editorial Commentary Local Papers ... Contact Us Country Profile The Constitution About Us Advertising Home Contact Us History of Eritrea: Political system, economy, culture and society in Eritrea and Tigray in the Axumite period By Tewelde Beyene Apr 14, 2005, 18:52 Having discussed, in the previous unit, the political aspects of the Axumite period, it remains to see now the other aspects which constitute the basis of the power and the characteristics of its civilization. 1. Political System The structure was basically, in a sense, feudal. The sovereigns ruled Axum proper and its vassal kingdoms, which were subject to a periodical payment of tribute. The sources have no information about the administrative system, which probably was poorly developed. While major military expeditions were led by the sovereign himself, the direction of important state affairs was assigned also to near relatives of the king. In a similar political structure a tension between local centrifugal trends and imperial centralization efforts was paradigmatic. Commerce The Axumite state, in its heyday, was a first-rate trading power, as evidenced also by the minting of coins. The times of export and import were obtained through hinting, trapping, and collecting. Imports included food stuffs, clothing materials, metal artifacts etc. leading contractors with foreign merchants, for acquisition in bulk, were the monarchs and their vassals, while selling in retail was left to merchants,. Trade with Saus's gold fields was a jealousy protected imperial monopoly.

71. The History Of Eritrea eritrea is no exception; its history is one of waves of migrations and invasions. “Migrants” are people who move into a territory, and over generations, http://www.geocities.com/WARSAISANDIEGO/the_history_of_eritrea.htm

Eritrea is one of the newest and promising nations in Africa. Eritrea recently fought and won one of the longest wars in the world. By logic, the nation of Eritrea should not exist. Our secessionist province’s independence fighters ought to have defeated Ethiopia in their 30-years long struggle. They were out manned, out gunned, or abandoned by every ally; their cause was hopeless. We won by force of character, a unity and determination so steely not all the modern defenses; superpower support or economic superiority of Ethiopia could resist it. There are two points of view with regard to the creation, independence, and sovereignty of Eritrea. In this essay, I am going to argue that the Eritrean point of view is a historically accurate one.. Eritrea is located north of the Horn of Africa along the Southwestern coast of the Red Sea neighboring Sudan, Ethiopia, and Djibouti. It has nine main ethnic groups; the largest being the Tigrigna, Tigre, and Kunama. Each ethnic group has its own language, but Tigrinya and Arabic are the official languages. And its population of some 3.5 million is almost equally divided between Muslims and Christians. A small minority follows traditional beliefs. I n contrast to external contacts, internal historical developments within the Horn of Africa, particularly in Ethiopia and the Sudan served to set Eritrea apart from other regions in the area.

72. The Contemporary Political History Of Eritrea The contemporary political history of eritrea / meta name= http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/33/index-cb.html

The contemporary political history of Eritrea Hartford Web Publishing is not the author of the documents in World History Archives The history in general of Etritrea Translating votes into seats By Daniel Mebrahtu, Etritrean Profile, Etritrean Profile, 21 January 1995. International cooperation is perceived as and upgraded to evolve into true partnership. Our independence of decision should not be encroached by conditionalities of aid. Biennial International Development Conference (IDC) convened in Washington, DC, from January 16-18. Eritrea: International Aid Detailed From Indian Ocean Newsletter, Eritrea Ministry of the Interior, 4 March 1995. Witnesses recognize Eritrean law only to extent compatible with their personal religious views. Implicitly, instead of the jihad being the highest duty to God and country, self interest comes first. Eritrea-Ethiopia Joint Communique From Kurdistan Report, 1996. The struggle of the Eritrean people against the annexation of Eritrea by Ethiopia more than 30 years ago developed into a liberation movement which defeated the strongest army in Africa, an army which was first supplied by U.S. imperialism and later by the Soviet Union. In May 1991, the Mengistu regime in Ethiopia gave up after 30 years of war. That opened the way for Eritrea to develop into an independent, democratic state. Out of the Wreckage of War, Eritrea Finds Reason to Hope

73. The Social History Of Eritrea The social history of eritrea / meta name= The history in general of eritrea National Union of eritrean Women From The Horn of Africa Bulletin, http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/33/index-ce.html

The social history of Eritrea Hartford Web Publishing is not the author of the documents in World History Archives The history in general of Eritrea National Union of Eritrean Women From The Horn of Africa Bulletin, The Challenge: Reflecting aspirations of all By Daniel Mebrahtu, in EritreanProfile, Vulnerable Children And Women At Risk

74. History Of Eritrea The history of eritrea in Africa. The history of eritrea, one of the newest and most promising nations in Africa. Here is a look into the history of http://www.siteranking.com/regional/africa/eritrea/eritrea-history.html

Login Email : Password : Register and submit a site Search : Main Categories Business Careers Cars Competitions ... Travel Our Sponsors Categories Regional Africa Eritrea ... History of Eritrea A look into the History of Eritrea in Africa http://www.open.org/~tfl/eritrea/history.html The History of Eritrea, one of the newest and most promising nations in Africa. Here is a look into the history of this country. Sites of the week Insure and Go Travel Directory Quickaid Travel Insurance ... Help

75. The Hitory Of Eritrea http://www.ertra.com/History_pictures/history.htm

76. Disinformation | Feed Or Fight: Eritrea-ethopia At War The area now known as eritrea has gone by many names throughout history Medri Geez ( Land of the Free ), Medri Bahi ( Land by the Sea ), and Mareb Mallash http://www.disinfo.com/archive/pages/dossier/id416/pg1/

Abuse Your Illusions - the follow-up to Everything You Know Is Wrong You Are Being Lied To is in the store and every bit as essential. The long-awaited Disinformation DVD is in too! U.S. Weighs Military Intervention in Liberia What The European Papers Say Violence Mars Nigerian Strikes Religion in the News: June 2003 feed or fight: eritrea-ethopia at war by Preston Peet (ptpeet@cs.com) - December 28, 2000 Since May 1998 a horrific war in the Horn of Africa has been waged between Ethiopia and Eritrea. One gruesome war picture showed thousands of dead Ethiopian bodies, mowed down as their insane leaders ordered them to attack Eritrean positions in human waves. Where are these two poor, famine-ravaged countries getting their arms to fight this bloody conflict? Just who is it profiting off one of the largest land wars since World War II? According to one researcher, Ethiopia is being goaded into the war by the US, to destabilize Eritrea, one of the only small, independent, nearly-self sufficient countries in the African continent today. Thomas Mountain, founding co-chair of the Hawaii Black History Committee in 1985, and founding vice-president of the Hawaii Alliance for Peace and Justice in the Middle East in 1982 (and a founder of the Hawaii Green Cross, a medical-marijuana activist organization) has reported that the US is financially backing the conflict.

77. Say Brother | Look At Eritrea, A eritrea history - 1962-1993 Television broadcasting of news Subject Genre Public Affairs Current Events Personal Names Gebregziabher, Girmai http://main.wgbh.org/saybrother/programs/sb_0817.html

Look at Eritrea, A Program 817 Original Airdate: 2/3/1978 Subject Keywords Africa, Eastern - Politics and government - 1960- Africa in motion pictures Afro-American women Afro-Americans in television broadcasting Colonization Eritrea - History - 1962-1993 Television broadcasting of news Subject Genre Public Affairs: Current Events Personal Names Gebregziabher, Girmai Gonzales-Thornell, Consuelo Koutsis, Arthur Pao, Phoebe Shariat, Fahamisha Woldeyohannes, Astier Corporate Names Afrikan Heritage Institute - Roxbury - Massachusetts Association of Eritrean Students of North America Association of Eritrean Women of North America Boston Repertory Theatre Eritrea People's Liberation Front Eritrean Support Committee Minority Women's Employment Program - Boston - Massachusetts South Cove Community Health Center Program Description Producer Barbara Barrow-Murray Associate Producer Melvin Moore Director David DeBarger Eric Himes Host Melvin Moore Guests Girmai Gebregziabher Arthur Koutsis Astier Woldeyohannes Others Ron Buccheri (switcher) Marvin Clark (intern) Brian Clarke (assistant director) David Crane (videotape recordist) Leo Demers (videotape recordist) Doug DeVitt (videotape recordist) Bill Fairweather (video) Tanya Hart (reporter) Rebecca Hill (fashion consultant) Karen Holmes (reporter) Danny Horne (intern) Nat Johnson (audio) Pat Kane (videotape recordist) Milly Kiung (reporter) Tiit Koppel (camera) Tiit Koppel (assistant cameraman) Bronislaw Krol (audio) Ann LaBillois (intern) Frank Lane (camera)

78. Eritrea Travel Directory - Destinations, Hotels, Airline Tickets And More... eritrea. history. eritrea officially celebrated its independence on May 24 1993 becoming the world s newest nation. Prior to Italian colonization in 1885 http://www.affordabletravel.org/africa/eritrea/history.php

Home Destinations FAQ Contact ... Click Here for Details. Sections History Links Books People ... Internet Cafes Destinations Asmara Dahlak islands Massawa Assab ... Danakil depression World Map North America Central America and The Caribbean South America Africa ... eritrea Eritrea History Eritrea officially celebrated its independence on May 24 1993 becoming the world's newest nation. Prior to Italian colonization in 1885 what is now Eritrea had been ruled by the various local or international powers that successively dominated the Red Sea region. In 1896 the Italians used Eritrea as a springboard for their disastrous attempt to conquer Ethiopia. Eritrea was placed under British military administration after the Italian surrender in World War II. In 1952 a UN resolution federating Eritrea with Ethiopia went into effect. The resolution ignored Eritrean pleas for independence but guaranteed Eritreans some democratic rights and a measure of autonomy. Almost immediately after the federation went into effect however these rights began to be abridged or violated. In 1962 Emperor Haile Sellassie unilaterally dissolved the Eritrean parliament and annexed the country sparking the Eritrean fight for independence that continued after Haile Sellassie was ousted in a coup in 1974. The new Ethiopian Government called the Derg was a Marxist military junta led by strongman Mengistu Haile Miriam.

79. History Of Eritrea Comprehensive online resources about the history of eritrea. http://history1900s.about.com/library/world/blxeritrea.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help 20th Century History Homework Help ... Help zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/7.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the 20th Century History newsletter! See Online Courses Search 20th Century History History of Eritrea Background Notes: Eritrea Historical information from the United States Department of State. Britannica.com: Eritrea History An excellent history from Britannica.com. Use the outline below the article to navigate through the complete text of this extensive encyclopedia entry. Flags of the World: Eritrea Information, images, and available history of the current and past flags of the country. Geography and Maps of Eritrea A plethora of geographical information and online maps from the About Geography site. Infoplease.com: Eritrea A fantastic short historical overview, contemporary data, and a map from Infoplease.com Subscribe to the Newsletter Name Email 20th Century History at About History of the World Home Page From Jennifer Rosenberg Your Guide to 20th Century History FREE Newsletter.

80. Eritrea Country Guide - History And Government - World Travel Guide Provided By World Travel Guide eritrea - Overview, Visa and Passport requirements, vacation advice, holiday guide, international travel, travel agent, business trip, http://www.worldtravelguide.net/data/eri/eri580.asp

OAS_sitepage = URL + '/Africa/Eritrea/HistoryandGovernment'; document.write('Research Eritrea hotels at TripAdvisor'); Contact Addresses Overview General Information Passport/Visa ... Eritrea Eritrea History and Government History: Eritrea contained the main ports of the Aksumite empire, which governed the region, including modern-day Ethiopia, between the fourth and sixth centuries AD. It was also a peripheral part of the Ethiopian kingdom but largely retained its independence before coming under Ottoman rule in the 16th century. Over the next 300 years, control of the territory was disputed between the Ottomans, Ethiopia, Egypt and Italy. In 1889, a treaty between Italy and King Menilek of Ethiopia recognised Italian possessions on the Red Sea coast, which were formally adopted as Italian colonies the following year. These later became essential staging posts for the Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1896 and 1935. Eritrea then became one of the six provinces of Italian East Africa, until the Italians were expelled by the British in 1941. After the departure of the British, Eritrea was merged into Ethiopia in a federal arrangement brokered by the UN in 1952 and incorporated fully into Ethiopia 10 years later. The general secretary of the EPLF, Isaias Afewerki, became the President of the republic, and in February 1994, the EPLF reconstituted itself as the People’s Front for Democracy and Justice. The Government’s principal task was the reconstruction of the economy. But things have not run smoothly, even for Eritrea’s resourceful people. Eritrea also entered into costly wars with both Yemen and Djibouti. But by far the most serious threat to long-term stability was the unexpected and catastrophic breakdown in relations with neighbouring Ethiopia. Initially, relations were good – but fighting broke out between the two countries in May 1998, ostensibly over minor land disputes and border incursions. Ethiopia was also unhappy with Eritrea’s introduction of its own currency (the Nakfa) in 1997; Eritrea, for its part, voiced fears that its hard-won independence might be infringed upon by an expansionist Ethiopia.

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