61. AllRefer.com - Ethiopia - Government Defeats In Eritrea And Tigray | Ethiopian I allRefer Reference provides detailed information on this topic. Browse through this article and follow related links for complete research. http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/ethiopia/ethiopia46.html

You are here allRefer Reference Ethiopia History ... Ethiopia Ethiopia Government Defeats in Eritrea and Tigray In March 1988, the EPLF initiated one of its most successful military campaigns by striking at Ethiopian army positions on the Nakfa front north of the town of Afabet, where the Derg had established a base for a new attack against the insurgents. In two days of fighting, the Eritrean rebels annihilated three Ethiopian army divisions, killing or capturing at least 18,000 government troops and seizing large amounts of equipment, including armor and artillery. Subsequently, the town of Afabet, with its military stores, fell to the EPLF, which then threatened all remaining Ethiopian military concentrations in northern Eritrea. The Ethiopian army's defeat in Eritrea came after setbacks during the preceding week in Tigray. Using the same tactics employed by the EPLF, the TPLF preempted a pending Ethiopian offensive in Tigray with a series of attacks on government positions there in early March. A government attack against central Tigray failed disastrously, with four Ethiopian army divisions reportedly destroyed and most of their equipment captured. In early April, the TPLF took the town of Adigrat in northern Tigray, cutting the main road link between Addis Ababa and Eritrea. The March 1988 defeats of the Ethiopian army were catastrophic in terms of their magnitude and crippling in their effect on government strategy in Eritrea and Tigray. The capability of government forces in both regions collapsed as a result. Subsequently, Ethiopian government control of Eritrea was limited to the Keren-Asmera-Mitsiwa triangle and the port of Aseb to the southeast. The TPLF's victories in Tigray ultimately led to its total conquest by the rebels and the expansion of the insurgency into Gonder, Welo, and even parts of Shewa the following year.

62. Eritrean Government | Eritrea's Government | Eritreas Government eritrean government eritrea s government eritreas government TravelBlog » World Facts » eritrea » government. Select a country, Afghanistan, Albania http://www.travelblog.org/World/er-gov.html

Travel Blog About TravelBlog World Facts Latest Travel Journals ... Eritrea Select a country Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Arctic Ocean Argentina Armenia Aruba Ashmore and Cartier Islands Atlantic Ocean Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas, The Bahrain Baker Island Bangladesh Barbados Bassas da India Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burma Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Clipperton Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comoros Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Cook Islands Coral Sea Islands Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic East Timor Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Europa Island Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Faroe Islands Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern and Antarctic Lands Gabon Gambia, The

63. Eritrea : Government, Politics, Law : Selected Internet Resources (Portals To Th Selected Internet Resources eritrea government, Politics, Law. Portals to the World contain selective links providing authoritative, indepth information http://www.loc.gov/rr/international/amed/eritrea/resources/eritrea-government.ht

The Library of Congress Global Gateway Portals to the World Eritrea Find in Portals Web Pages Global Gateway Pages All Library Web Pages Government, Politics, Law: Eritrea Created and maintained by the Collections and Services Directorate Includes government sites, political parties and movements. Amnesty International (http://www.amnesty.org) "Amnesty International is a worldwide campaigning movement that works to promote all the human rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international standards." The English language homepage provides articles on human rights questions and abuses in countries around the globe. AsylumLaw.org (http://www.asylumlaw.org) "Run by an international consortium of agencies that help asylum seekers in Australia, Canada, the United States, and several countries in Europe. Over 95% of the content on this site is open to the public, including asylum seekers from any country and the lawyers or advocates who represent them." CIA The World Factbook (http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html)

64. WoYaa!: COUNTRIES/ERITREA/GOVERNMENT An MBendi Profile government of eritrea An MBendi Profile government of eritrea accuses the US agency of trying to change its government in the late http://www.woyaa.com/links/COUNTRIES/ERITREA/GOVERNMENT/

Web Calendar Forums Classifieds ... LOGIN Looking for something in particular? the entire directory only this category More search options Home COUNTRIES ERITREA : GOVERNMENT LINKS: Pages: 1 Country profiles : Eritrea , Erythrée pop European Union (EU) - Africa-Carribe-Pacific (ACP) : Bilateral and developpement cooperation relations http://europa.eu.int/en/comm/dg08/country/eritrea.html/ (Added: Hits: 181 Rating: 0.00 Votes: 0) Rate It Review It Send this link to a friend! Eritrea : Political Organizations pop Eritrea : Political Organizations http://home.erols.com/meskerem/ (Added: Hits: 233 Rating: 0.00 Votes: 0) Rate It Review It Send this link to a friend! FAO/SMIAR - Rapport sur l'Afrique 96/10 ... pop FAO/SMIAR - Rapport sur l'Afrique 96/10 CARTE DES PAYS CONFRONTES A DES CRISES ALIMENTAIRES EXCEPTIONNELLES. Pays affectés par des situations d'urgence alimentaire exceptionnelles: Angola, Burundi, Erythrée, Ethiopie, Lesotho, Liberia, Mal http://www.fao.org/waicent/faoinfo/economic/giews/french/af/af9610/af9610f2.htm (Added: Hits: 103 Rating: 0.00 Votes: 0)

65. WoYaa!: COUNTRIES/ERITREA/GOVERNMENT Translate this page and general government information about specific jurisdictions and topics. Help Bring Peace to Conflict Between eritrea and Ethiopia http://www.woyaa.com/linksfr/PAYS/ERYTHREE/GOUVERNEMENT/more6.html

Web Calendrier Forums Vos liens Favoris ... Login Faîtes votre recherche plus d'options Home PAYS ERYTHREE ... GOUVERNEMENT : Page 6 LIENS: Pages: Help Bring Peace to Conflict Between Eritrea and Ethiopia Help Bring Peace to Conflict Between Eritrea and Ethiopia http://www.acisconsulting.com/memona/ (Date d'ajout: Sun May 11 2003 Hits: Rang: 0.00 Votes: 0) Donnez une note ajoutez votre commentaire envoyer ce lien à un ami! History / Africa / Eritrea History / Africa / Eritrea http://www.hallworldhistory.com/africa/209.shtml (Date d'ajout: Sun May 11 2003 Hits: Rang: 0.00 Votes: 0) Donnez une note ajoutez votre commentaire envoyer ce lien à un ami! History of Eritrea History of Eritrea. http://motherearthtravel.com/eritrea/history.htm (Date d'ajout: Sun May 11 2003 Hits: 1 Rang: 0.00 Votes: 0) Donnez une note ajoutez votre commentaire envoyer ce lien à un ami! History of Eritrea History of Eritrea http://www.nitesoft.com/eccm/history.htm (Date d'ajout: Sun May 11 2003 Hits: Rang: 0.00 Votes: 0) Donnez une note ajoutez votre commentaire envoyer ce lien à un ami! Home Page Home Page http://er.sheafrica.info/

66. GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Africa - Eritrea - Government Facts And Figures government and political information for eritrea. head of government President ISAIAS Afworki (since 8 June 1993); note the president is both the http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/er/Eritrea_government.htm

Home World Map Rankings Countries from A to Z A B C D ... Z Source: www.exchange-rates.org World Africa Eritrea (Facts) Eritrea - Government (Facts) Country name: conventional long form: State of Eritrea conventional short form: Eritrea local long form: Hagere Ertra former: Eritrea Autonomous Region in Ethiopia local short form: Ertra Government type: transitional government note: following a successful referendum on independence for the Autonomous Region of Eritrea on 23-25 April 1993, a National Assembly, composed entirely of the People's Front for Democracy and Justice or PFDJ, was established as a Capital: Asmara (formerly Asmera) Administrative divisions: 6 regions (zobatat, singular - zoba); Anseba, Debub, Debubawi K'eyih Bahri, Gash Barka, Ma'akel, Semenawi Keyih Bahri Independence: 24 May 1993 (from Ethiopia) National holiday: Independence Day, 24 May (1993) Constitution: the transitional constitution, decreed on 19 May 1993, was replaced by a new constitution adopted on 23 May 1997, but not yet implemented Legal system: primary basis is the Ethiopian legal code of 1957, with revisions; new civil, commercial, and penal codes have not yet been promulgated; also relies on customary and post-independence-enacted laws and, for civil cases involving Muslims, Sharia law

67. GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Africa - Eritrea - Government And Political Conditio eritrea government and Political Conditions. eritrea s government faced formidable challenges following independence. Beginning with no constitution, http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/er/Eritrea_government_summary.htm

Home World Map Rankings Countries from A to Z A B C D ... Z Source: www.exchange-rates.org World Africa Eritrea (Notes) Eritrea - Government and Political Conditions (Notes) GOVERNMENT AND POLITICAL CONDITIONS Eritrea's Government faced formidable challenges following independence. Beginning with no constitution, no judicial system, and an education system in shambles, it wasrequired to build institutions of government from scratch. On May 19, 1993, the PGE issued a proclamation regarding the reorganization of the government. The government was reorganized, and after a national, freely contested election, the National Assembly, which chose Isaias as President of the PGE, was expanded to include both EPLF and non-EPLF members. The EPLF established itself as a political party, the People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ). The PGE declared that during a 4-year transition period, and sooner if possible, it would draft and ratify a constitution, prepare a law on political parties, prepare a press law, and carry out elections for a constitutional government. In March 1994, the PGE created a constitutional commission charged with drafting a constitution flexible enough to meet the current needs of a population suffering from 30 years of civil war as well as those of the future, when prospective stability and prosperity would change the political landscape. Commission members traveled throughout the country and to Eritrean communities abroad holding meetings to explain constitutional options to the people and to solicit their input. A new constitution was ratified in 1997 but has not been implemented, and general elections have not been held. The government had announced thatNational Assembly elections would take place in December 2001, but thosewere postponed and new elections have not been rescheduled.

68. Government The new government is known as the government of eritrea and includes legislative, executive and judicial bodies. The judicial body operates independently http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Country_Specific/erit_gov.html

Government The Eritrean people gained control of the country on May 24, 1991, after thirty years of armed struggle for the right to self-determination. The Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) formed the Provisional Government of Eritrea (PGE) to run the country's affairs until an internationally monitored referendum scheduled for April 1993. The Referendum 98.5% of registered voters turned out for the referendum. The result was a resounding vote for independence: 99.8% said 'yes" for independence. Samir Sanbar, head of the United Nations observer mission said the referendum was "free and fair at every stage." Other observer groups confirmed this. The Transition On May 19, 1993, the PGE issued Proclamation No. 37/1993 regarding a reorganization of the government. During a four year transition period, and if possible sooner, the following goals should be achieved: ¥ drafting a constitution and then carrying out the process of ratification; ¥ preparing a law on political parties; ¥ preparing a press law; and

69. Eritrea: Torture, 'disappearances' And Religious Persecution As Government Resis Amnesty International is calling on the government of eritrea to release The government has branded former foreign minister Haile Woldetensae and http://www.amnesty.org.uk/news/press/15371.shtml

This is an Amnesty International news release published on 19th May, 2004 See also: Freedom of speech Prison conditions Prisoners of conscience Religious intolerance ... Eritrea for more information If you are a UK-based journalist and require further information please call the AIUK Press Office on 020 7814 6238 or e-mail press@amnesty.org.uk If you are a journalist based outside the UK, please contact your local AI section If you are not a journalist, but would like to contact AI, please visit our contact pages for further details. Eritrea: Torture, 'disappearances' and religious persecution as government resists scrutiny on human rights As Eritrea approaches the 11th anniversary of its formal independence (24 May), torture, arbitrary detention, “disappearances,” ill-treatment of political prisoners and religious persecution have become entrenched in Eritrea, Amnesty International said today (19 May) in a new report, ‘Eritrea: “You have no right to ask” - Government resists scrutiny on human rights Noting the crackdown on those calling for democratic reform which began two and a half years ago, Amnesty International is calling on the government of Eritrea to release all prisoners of conscience, eradicate torture, ensure all prisoners are treated humanely in custody, and guarantee the rights to freedom of expression, freedom of religious belief and the freedom of the press. The report includes testimony and sketched illustrations from former prisoners of various methods of torture used on them. Prisoners have been tied with ropes for days or weeks in contorted painful positions with nick-names such as “the helicopter”(hands and feet tied behind the back, lying face-down on the ground, usually outside and for up to several weeks), and “Jesus Christ” (a position resembling crucifixion). Prisoners are tortured as the standard punishment for evading conscription, for military offences, or while being interrogated about suspected political opposition.

70. Government - Eritrea - Africa government, eritrea, africa. eritrea, government. Following the liberation of eritrea from Ethiopia in 1991, the eritrean People’s Liberation Front http://www.countriesquest.com/africa/eritrea/government.htm

you are here home Africa Eritrea Government Eritrea, Government Following the liberation of Eritrea from Ethiopia in 1991, the Eritrean People’s Liberation Front (EPLF) took over control of administration but agreed to hold a referendum on independence. The electorate approved independence in April 1993, and a four-year transitional period was declared to prepare a constitution. A May 1993 decree set up a formal transitional government under EPLF control. This provided for a National Assembly, a president, and council of ministers. Isaias Afwerki, secretary general of the EPLF, was formally elected president by the National Assembly in June 1993. A new constitution was approved in 1997. Under this constitution, the National Assembly is the country’s legislature. Its members are popularly elected to five-year terms. A president, elected by the National Assembly to a five-year term, renewable once, serves as the head of state. The Supreme Court is the highest judicial body; its judges are appointed by the president. Eritrea is divided into six regions for administrative purposes. These regions are under the control of administrators appointed by the president. The main political parties in Eritrea are the former EPLF (renamed the People’s Front for Democracy and Justice, or PFDJ) in 1994, the Democratic Movement for the Liberation of Eritrea, and the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF).

71. Combined News Reports On Eritrea - Ethiopia War: February 8, 1999 On Monday, eritrea s government said Ethiopia had shelled the southern eritrean border town of Adiquala on Sunday, killing eight civilians and slightly http://www.geocities.com/~dagmawi/NewsFeb99/Feb8_Fighting.html

Columns of smoke and circles of fire The valleys have reverberated to the sound of fighting By East Africa Correspondent Cathy Jenkins in Badme BBC; Monday, Feb 8, 1999 On the third day of heavy fighting the late afternoon brought a full-scale battle. Columns of smoke rose on the barren hillsides, Ethiopian guns pounded Eritrean-held positions and circles of fires burnt where the shells had landed. The criss-crossing valleys reverberated the sharp sound of outgoing fire from the Eritrean big guns. An Ethiopian helicopter gunship appeared over the far hills into the wide sky. The fire from its guns shattered into the mountain sides. Only after the light began to fail did the intensity of the fighting lessen. Badme is a harsh, remote triangle of land which has turned seemingly good neighbours into bitter enemies. The fear is that the border fighting which began three days ago will spread and mark the start of a much longer war. Eritrean forces moved into Badme last May, saying that they were taking back land which belonged to Eritrea. Ethiopia says the land belongs to it. Neither side wants to back down.

72. ArabBay.com: Arab Countries/Eritrea/Government government. eritrea. • Iraq. • Jordan. • Kuwait. • Lebanon. • Libya. • Mauritania. • Morocco Home Arab Countries eritrea government http://www.arabbay.com/Arab_Countries/Eritrea/Government/

Home Add site Modify Site New Sites ... Yemen Worth a Click Free Stuff Gallery More Free Offers All Newspapers Feed Back ... Special Rates on Phone Cards to Call the Arab World All Directory This Category Advance Options... ArabBay - Your Gateway to the Arab World!! Home ... Eritrea : Government Categories Agencies Embassies Military Ministries ... Politics Visit our Sponsors All Directory This Category Advance Options... Check Out Hosting Plans Newsletter Phone Cards Cool Offers Stay informed of new addition to ArabBay Subscribe Remove Newsletter Sign Up! On The Menu Hosting World Media Top Rated What's Cool ... Link to us Partners Corporate Info. About ArabBay Link to us Advertise Privacy Policy Worth a Visit Home Add site Modify Site New Sites ... info@arabbay.com

73. ArabBay.com: Arab Countries/Eritrea/Government/Law & Order eritrea. • Iraq. • Jordan. • Kuwait. • Lebanon. • Libya. • Mauritania. • Morocco Home Arab Countries eritrea government Law Order http://www.arabbay.com/Arab_Countries/Eritrea/Government/Law___Order/

Home Add site Modify Site New Sites ... Yemen Worth a Click Free Stuff Gallery More Free Offers All Newspapers Feed Back ... Special Rates on Phone Cards to Call the Arab World All Directory This Category Advance Options... ArabBay - Your Gateway to the Arab World!! Home ... Government Visit our Sponsors All Directory This Category Advance Options... Check Out Hosting Plans Newsletter Phone Cards Cool Offers Stay informed of new addition to ArabBay Subscribe Remove Newsletter Sign Up! On The Menu Hosting World Media Top Rated What's Cool ... Link to us Partners Corporate Info. About ArabBay Link to us Advertise Privacy Policy Worth a Visit Home Add site Modify Site New Sites ... info@arabbay.com

74. CIA - The World Factbook -- Eritrea former eritrea Autonomous Region in Ethiopia. government type. transitional government note following a successful referendum on independence for the http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/print/er.html

Country List World Factbook Home The World Factbook Eritrea Introduction Eritrea Background: Eritrea was awarded to Ethiopia in 1952 as part of a federation. Ethiopia's annexation of Eritrea as a province 10 years later sparked a 30-year struggle for independence that ended in 1991 with Eritrean rebels defeating governmental forces; independence was overwhelmingly approved in a 1993 referendum. A two-and-a-half-year border war with Ethiopia that erupted in 1998 ended under UN auspices on 12 December 2000. Eritrea currently hosts a UN peacekeeping operation that is monitoring a 25 km-wide Temporary Security Zone on the border with Ethiopia. An international commission, organized to resolve the border dispute, posted its findings in 2002 but final demarcation is on hold due to Ethiopian objections. Geography Eritrea Location: Eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Djibouti and Sudan Geographic coordinates: 15 00 N, 39 00 E Map references: Africa Area: total: 121,320 sq km

75. Eritrea - 2004 - Introduction Geography People Government Economy Communications eritrea 2004 - Introduction Geography Population government Economy Communications Transportation Military Issues Maps Flags. http://www.theodora.com/wfbcurrent/eritrea/

2004 INDEX Country Ranks DEFINITIONS Introduction ... Feedback Eritrea - 2004 http://www.immigration-usa.com/wfb2004/eritrea/eritrea/index.html SOURCE: 2004 CIA WORLD FACTBOOK and the Library of Congress Country Studies Please ADD this page to your FAVORITES - - - - - http://www.immigration-usa.com/wfb2004/eritrea/eritrea/index.html Photius Coutsoukis Revised 21-May-04

76. Map Of Consulate Of The State Eritrea - Government - Oakland, CA, 94612-2605 - C Your comprehensive guide to East Bay. East Bay restaurants, bars, night clubs, hotels, shops, spas, events, attractions, yellow page listings and more. http://eastbay.citysearch.com/map?mode=geo&id=36397979&map_lat=378032&map_lon=-1

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78. WorldLII - Categories - Countries - Eritrea - Government Legal directory and search engine legislation, case-law, journals, law reform, by country and subject. http://www.worldlii.org/catalog/54134.html

Contributors: Databases Recent Additions Translate Add a Link ... Eritrea Find any of these words all of these words this phrase this document title this Boolean query World Law Help Boolean Operators Search: All WorldLII Catalog All WorldLII Databases Law on Google Eritrean Embassy in Stockholm Search Contains general information about Eritrea, economy, trade, visas, tourism, government directory WorldLII: Feedback URL: http://www.worldlii.org/catalog/54134.html Generated: Wed Sep 21 02:40:46 2005

79. History Of Eritrea In May 1991, the EPLF established the Provisional government of eritrea (PGE) eritrea s government faced formidable challenges following independence. http://www.historyofnations.net/africa/eritrea.html

History of Eritrea Site Links Home Search this Site History Posters Africa ... Privacy Policy Prior to Italian colonization in 1885, what is now Eritrea had been ruled by the various local or international powers that successively dominated the Red Sea region. In 1896, the Italians used Eritrea as a springboard for their disastrous attempt to conquer Ethiopia. Eritrea was placed under British military administration after the Italian surrender in World War II. In 1952, a UN resolution federating Eritrea with Ethiopia went into effect. The resolution ignored Eritrean pleas for independence but guaranteed Eritreans some democratic rights and a measure of autonomy. Almost immediately after the federation went into effect, however, these rights began to be abridged or violated. In 1962, Emperor Haile Sellassie unilaterally dissolved the Eritrean parliament and annexed the country, sparking the Eritrean fight for independence from Ethiopia that continued after Haile Sellassie was ousted in a coup in 1974. The new Ethiopian Government, called the Derg, was a Marxist military junta led by strongman Mengistu Haile Miriam. During the 1960s, the Eritrean independence struggle was led by the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF). In 1970, members of the group had a falling out, and a group broke away from the ELF and formed the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF). By the late 1970s, the EPLF had become the dominant armed Eritrean group fighting against the Ethiopian Government, and Isaias Afwerki had emerged as its leader. Much of the materiel used to combat Ethiopia was captured from the Ethiopian Army.

80. Eritrea COUNTRY DESCRIPTION eritrea is a poor but developing East African There have been sporadic bombings of vehicles and government facilities in the Gash http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1111.html

U.S. Department of State Enter Keywords in field and click Go International Travel Home Passports Home Visas Home News and Updates ... About The Bureau of Consular Affairs External URLs International Travel Home Traveling to the Caribbean, Bermuda, Panama, Mexico, or Canada? International Travel Information Travel Warnings ... International Travel Information print email U.S. Department of State Bureau of Consular Affairs Washington, DC 20520 Consular Information Sheet Please click on this link to read important information you should see before you travel abroad This information is current as of today, Eritrea August 11, 2005 COUNTRY DESCRIPTION: Eritrea is a poor but developing East African country, the capital of which is Asmara. Formerly a province of Ethiopia, Eritrea became an independent country on May 24, 1993, following a 30-year struggle that culminated in an overwhelming referendum vote for independence. Tourism facilities are very limited. Read the Department of State Background Notes on Eritrea for additional information.

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