21. The Early Modern English Dictionaries Database (EMEDD) Upwards of 400 english dictionaries, including enhanced reeditions, In planning the now-dormant Early Modern English Dictionary project (EMED), http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/english/emed/emedd.html

The Early Modern English Dictionaries Database (EMEDD) Editor: Ian Lancashire, Dept. of English, University of Toronto With grateful acknowledgement to the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (Grant no: 410-94-1088) and to the Department of English, University of Toronto (c) Ian Lancashire 1999 Date: October 15, 1999. Size: ca. 200,000 word-entries (1530-1657) Table of Contents Overview of the EMEDD Renaissance word-meaning New information about English Encoding and indexing ... Dictionary profiles Search the EMEDD ... with Patterweb by Mark Catt E-mail comments and corrections to ian@chass.utoronto.ca Overview of the EMEDD Few who see or read a play by Shakespeare realize that he wrote without access to an English dictionary as we know it. At his death in 1616, the only lexicons serving English were Edmund Coote's brief list of 1,368 words in his English Schoolmaster (1596) and Robert Cawdrey's list of 2,543 hard words in his Table Alphabeticall (1604). The lexicographical materials illuminating English for this period are very sizable, however, and until recently most have remained inaccessible to researchers. Historical dictionaries come in three kinds, "originals" (seminal works), derivative texts, and specialized subject lexicons on the language of business, canting, law, science, sea, etc. Upwards of 400 English dictionaries, including enhanced re-editions, revisions of these, and reprints exist up the late 18th century, but the number of seminal texts is much smaller. These can be bilingual or polyglot dictionaries, which link two or more languages for different purposes (language learning, etymological study, etc.), or monolingual dictionaries, which are reference works for a single language. Up to the 17th century, neither English nor French had a monolingual dictionary, and so bilingual and polyglot dictionaries are much more important in understanding Early Modern English then than they have been since. The first large monolingual English dictionary was published in 1656 by Thomas Blount.

22. Patterweb 2002: EMEDD Search Utility Early Modern english dictionaries Database Search Utility Patterweb locates and displays dictionary entries encoded in electronic dictionary textbases, http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/english/emed/patterweb.html

Patterweb Early Modern English Dictionaries Database Search Utility Return to EMEDD Introduction (c) Ian Lancashire (1999) December 10, 2002 EMEDD access is restricted to academic researchers and librarians. I regret that I do not have the resources at this time to make access to EMEDD wider. I hope that access will improve in the next two years. If you are an academic researcher or teacher, please fill in the registration form. I will then contact you. Graduate students should indicate the faculty member with whom they are working. Note that EMEDD does not contain proper names of individuals. It is of very limited use to genealogists seeking information about their family members. It is at this time regretfully impossible to extend use of EMEDD to undergraduates and high school students. Note that you will be asked to use your main e-mail address as your EMEDD login name, to specify a password of your own choosing, to provide some information about yourself, and to agree to terms of usage. Please write down your password. If you forget your password, you must contact me.

23. Hypertext Webster Gateway WWW interface to multiple english dictionaries. http://smac.ucsd.edu/cgi-bin/http_webster?

24. Macmillan English Dictionaries Advanced learners dictionary, Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners. http://www.macmillandictionary.com/

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25. EMLS S.I. 1 (April 1997: 3.1-46): Renaissance Dictionaries And Shakespeare's Lan Mark Catt suggests that it is worthwhile to note instances where information gleaned from the EMEDD (Early Modern english dictionaries Corpus) can supplement that of the OED (Oxford English Dictionary). http://www.shu.ac.uk/emls/si-01/si-01catt.html

Renaissance Dictionaries and Shakespeare's Language: A Study of Word-meaning in Troilus and Cressida Mark Catt University of Toronto mcatt@chass.utoronto.ca Catt, Mark. "Renaissance Dictionaries and Shakespeare's Language: A Study of Word-meaning in Troilus and Cressida ." Early Modern Literary Studies http://purl.oclc.org/emls/si-01/si-01catt.html Mysteries: thinges plaine in wordes, but secret and hidde in sense. Thomas Thomas, Dictionarium Linguae Latinae et Anglicanae 1. Introduction In her study of lexical meaning in Shakespeare's plays, Hulme writes of "the gradual and piecemeal discovery of relevant information" that characterizes the search for evidence about Renaissance English. As much concerned with the manuscript records of the period as with printed books, Hulme describes the painstaking labour involved in locating and interpreting handwritten texts from Shakespeare's time, and muses wistfully about the comparatively straightforward task of investigating the printed books of the period, evidence from which is documented in "our greatest of dictionaries," the OED Hulme Nowadays scholars approach the OED with more scepticism. As researchers like Schäfer have shown, the

26. Healey: Old English Glossaries: Creating A Vernacular Scholarly introduction to Old English glossaries. Covers the origin and purpose of OE glossaries, describes the different types of glossaries, and explains their relationship to later english dictionaries. http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/epc/chwp/healey/

CHWP Titles Old English Glossaries: Creating a Vernacular Antonette diPaolo Healey Dictionary of Old English University of Toronto CHWP CHWP 1997. [First published in CCH Working Papers , 4 (1994) and in Dictionnairique et lexicographie Abstract KEYWORDS Old English, glossaries, Latin, bilingual dictionaries, information structure, vocabulary, logical order, alphabetical order, class glossary The response of a reader in this post-modern age when confronting for the first time an Old English glossary is that of surprise. The strangeness and the novelty of what we survey arise from the disjunction between our expectations of what a glossary should be, and what, in fact, exists for this genre in the earliest period of English, between the seventh and the twelfth centuries. A glossary, as we all know, is 'a partial dictionary' ( s.v. glossary , main sense). We assume, almost without question, that it is an alphabetical word list pertaining to a particular subject matter (such as a glossary of medical terms) or to a specific piece of writing (such as a glossary to the books of the Bible). We also assume that its intent is illumination: to guide the reader from an unknown or opaque term (in either a foreign language or one's own) to a term which is familiar or, at least, comprehensible. As we explore the possibilities of creating Early Dictionary Databases, I wish to test our assumptions about dictionaries against the evidence of the Old English glossaries. Size of the Glossary Corpus of Old English

27. English Online Dictionaries: Free! The Most Comprehensive Listings On The Intern Online English Dictionary Net Find english dictionaries on every topic Medicine, Internet, EnglishAmerican, Merriam Webster, Thesaurus, Idioms, http://www.online-dictionary.net/english/

CTRL D will bookmark this page! English Dictionaries Online Free! Click here for alphabetical listing Warning /websites/others/online-dictionary.net/htdocs/inc/rightmenu.php on line Warning : main(http://www.mymags.com/promotions/offers/great_offers.htm): failed to open stream: no suitable wrapper could be found in /websites/others/online-dictionary.net/htdocs/inc/rightmenu.php on line Warning /websites/others/online-dictionary.net/htdocs/inc/rightmenu.php on line Home Page About Us Advertising Questions? Comments? Get in Touch! webmaster@online-dictionary.net Online Dictionary Net 1999-2000 from Amazon.com ( complete list Merriam Webster's Collegiate Dictionary The Oxford Dictionary and Thesaurus: The Ultimate Language Reference for American Readers The American Heritage College Dictionary Merriam Webster's Collegiate Thesaurus Roget's 21st Century Thesaurus in Dictionary Form: The Essential Reference for Home, School, or Office Bartlett's Roget's Thesaurus Random House Webster's College Thesaurus The Oxford Dictionary and Thesaurus: The Ultimate Language Reference for American Readers Webster's New World College Dictionary Merriam-Webster Online Collegiate Dictionary - A free, searchable on-line dictionary and thesaurus, word games, a word of the day, and many other English language and vocabulary reference tools and resources.

28. Italian-English Dictionaries And Glossaries Resources for ItalianEnglish translators. In order to access the Italian-English dictionary and glossary page, you need a browser which is able to http://www.traduzioni-inglese.it/dictionary-glossary.html

Resources for Italian-English translators. In order to access the Italian-English dictionary and glossary page, you need a browser which is able to display frames, such as the latest versions of Microsoft Internet Explorer or Opera Michael Farrell - Language Consultant - E-mail: info@traduzioni-inglese.it Member of the Associazione Italiana Traduttori e Interpreti

29. Appendix D. Using Welsh-English Dictionaries Loan words from English tend not to be in dictionaries. Inflected and irregular forms of verbs (eg, tyrd ) do not appear. http://www.cs.cf.ac.uk/fun/welsh/AppendixD.html

Here is the setext version of this lesson. Appendix D. Using Welsh-English Dictionaries Contents: D.1. The Welsh Alphabet D.2. Why You Might Not Find Words in the Dictionary D.3. How To Look Words Up in the Dictionary Footnotes D ... Revision 1.7 of this page, last updated on (C)opyright 1995-2003 Mark H. Nodine D.1. The Welsh Alphabet The first step to being able to look words up in a Welsh-English dictionary is to know the Welsh alphabet. Here it is: Letter Welsh spelling English spelling A B C CH D DD E F FF G NG H I J L LL M N O P PH R RH S T TH U W Y a+ bi+ di+ e+ a+ets i+ je+ o+ pi+ ffi+ rhi, rho ti+ u+ w+ y aah bee eck /ex/ ech (gutteral "ch") dee /eth2/ edd ("th" as in "the") ay (as in "day" but without being a diphthong) ev eff egg eng high-tsh ee jay el /ell/ em en oh (without being a diphthong) pee phee air (trilled) air-hee ess tee eth ("th" as in "think") /ee/ oo uh Notice that there are many cases where something that would be two letters in English is a single digraph in Welsh. This means, for example, that words beginning with "CH" are not alphabetized between any words that might begin with "CG" and words beginning with "CI"; they are alphabetized as a separate letter after all the "C"'s are done. To complicate matters further, "NG" is not always a single letter; sometimes it really does mean the letter "N" followed by a "G" (actually, it's pronounced more like the letter "NG" followed by a "G"), for example in the town "Ban.gor" (the period is not part of the spelling of the word, but is there to indicate that the "N" and "G" are separate letters). Likewise, "RH" is sometimes "R" followed by "H" as in "ar.holiad".

30. Some Variant Spellings In American English Dictionaries An article by Cornell Kimball showing inconsistencies in spellings of many traditional American English words in different dictionaries of the English language. http://www.barnsdle.demon.co.uk/spell/varsp.html

Variant Spellings in American English Dictionaries Amer Heri 3rd = American Heritage, 3rd Edition (1992) Merr-Webs 10th = Merriam-Webster's Collegiate, 10th Edition (1993) Rand Coll 2nd = Random House College, 2nd Edition (1997) Rand Unab 2nd = Random House Unabridged, 2nd Edition (1987) Webs 3rd Intl = Webster's 3rd New International (1961) Spellings variously given as full-fledged variants, informal, or other in the dictionaries noted donut: full variant in Amer Heri 3rd, Merr-Webs 10th, Rand Coll 2nd thru: full variant in Merr-Webs 10th, Rand Coll 2nd; "informal" in Amer Heri 3rd drive-thru: full variant in Rand Coll 2nd see-thru: full variant in Rand Coll 2nd tho: full variant in Merr-Webs 10th; "a simplified spelling" in Rand Coll 2nd; "informal" in Amer Heri 3rd altho: full variant in Amer Heri 3rd, Merr-Webs 10th; "pronunciation spelling" in Rand Coll 2nd thoro: "a simplified spelling" in Rand Coll 2nd; "nonstandard variant" in Merr-Webs 10th sluff: (for "slough" meaning "to shed/discard/shirk") full variant in Merr-Webs 10th, Rand Coll 2nd

31. English-Russian Russian-English Dictionaries SpyLOG. http://www.angelfire.com/vt/kuzy/dictionary.html

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32. Online Dictionary. Russian, English, German And Other Language. Everything For F Online specialty dictionaries for english, Russian, German, Finnish and Latin. http://www.ets.ru/udict-e.htm

ETS DOWNLOADABLE DICTIONARIES for OffLine work More than 120 dictionaries for Polyglossun ver.3.5.2 Description of program DOWNLOAD how to buy, delivery, ... New version of search engine. New dictionaries. ON-LINE dictionaries full - text searching! Latin Anatomical dictionary Multilingual Explanatory UFOlogy Dictionary With Equivalents in English and German Finnish Finnish - Russian Universal Dictionary (about 38.000 articles) German German - Russian Student's (pocketl) Dictionary English English - Russian Dictionary of Phrases (more than 70000 entries) English English - Russian Dictionary of Slang English English - Russian Student's (pocket) Dictionary Russian Russian Foul Language Explanatory Dictionary (Russkiy mat) Russian Dictionary of Foreign Words (about 8,000 arcticles) Russian New Abbreviations in Russian Language 1996-1999 Russian New Russian Abbreviations Dictionary The search is carried out through all the words existing in the dictionary. You can set at once some words separated by blanks and the only clauses with ALL specified words will be selected. The punctuation marks and exterior symbols in the query are ignored. The button pressed, the page with results of search and fragments of clauses containing the sought-for word is given out. If the found clause is too big it is possible to look through it by clicking on the pointer (

33. Web VD - Dictionaries On The Web Multisearch tool by Tinh Van, which consults english-only dictionaries, and Vietnamese into english or French translation dictionaries. http://www.tinhvan.com/scripts/tvis/webdict/webdict.pl

Web Dictionaries Tinh Van Webdict - Từ điển trực tuyến Search Form Word: Dict.: English-Vietnamese Vietnamese-English French-Vietnamese Vietnamese-French English Oxford dictionary Synonyms Oxford Dictionary Science fiction encyclopedia Children Dictionary All Dictionaries Full-text search

34. Bgtv.com Talking translators, electronic dictionaries. english, Arabic, Russian, French, Italian, and Spanish. http://www.bgtv.com/

35. Bibles Dictionaries Lexicons Online Bible translations in english and many other languages, commentaries, dictionaries, and lexicons. All with online search. http://www.tentmaker.org/BiblesOnline/

Bibles, Dictionaries, and Lexicons On-Line Please click here for the Crosswire Bible Tool New! Free Graphics and Cartoons! If you would like to help us reach more people, click here To purchase hard-to-find Bible translations and study aids, spiritual growth, etc. click here For information about Tentmaker Ministries, please click here Click here to recommend this page to a friend Home Audio Messages ... Wisdom Quotes Another Tentmaker Site: What the Hell Is Hell? E-mail us! Tentmaker 118 Walnut Hermann,MO 65041 http://www.tentmaker.org Tentmaker Ministries

36. Koralsoft Dictionary Bulgarian Turkish English German French Spanish Italian Gre dictionaries and phrase books on CD. Online demo and downloads for PCs and WAPs. Includes english, Bulgarian, Deutsch, German, Italian, Spanish, Turkish, Russian, French and Greek. http://www.koralsoft.com

xcAutoHide=1000; xcStickyMode=1; xcDateFormat="dd.mm.yyyy"; Registration Enter YOUR SHOPPING CARD English Home Our Products Solutions Partners ... About Us Our Promotions Electronic dictionaries and translator Varna - Interactive CD Disc VARNA is a multimedia guide-book of the sights of Varna . This product contains high quality photographs of the most representative buildings and landmarks of the town. PC Dictionaries We speak Bulgarian (for english speaking users) "We Speak" is a new method for language education. A new conception for foreign language learning is used. Interactive multimedia means influence on the sensor system of the educated person. Our Products EuroDict XP Bulgarian Multilingual Talking Dictionary This product contains: Bulgarian-English, Bulgarian-German, Bulgarian-French, Bulgarian-Italian, Bulgarian-Spanish, Bulgarian-Greek and Bulgarian-Turkish language data bases. All Bulgarian words in the dictionaries are pronounced by a professional announcer. The amount of the pronounced words is 60000. This product can be used independently with the above dictionaries or in addition to already installed dictionaries from EuroDict XP or Pro series with pronunciation of Bulgarian words.

37. Collins - Collins.co.uk - Home Of Collins Reference, Leisure And Lifestyle Publi Publishes dictionaries and reference works for teachers and learners of english. http://www.cobuild.collins.co.uk/

Title Author Keywords ISBN Imprint Cobuild If you're interested in the English language - especially if you are a teacher or a learner of English - then these Web pages are for you. The Collins Cobuild team works with a huge database of modern English text, called a corpus. This allows us to analyse language usage: word meaning, grammar, pragmatics, idioms and so on. Thomson Heinle and Collins Publishers are joining forces in the publishing, promotion, sales and distribution of the Cobuild range of dictionaries to the international market . As a result, from January 2006 any problems you may have in sourcing your Cobuild dictionary please do contact your local Thomson office www.elt.thomson.com Cobuild: a brief introduction Collins Cobuild books and resources are designed as reference tools for learners of English. Throughout the 1980s, using the computational corpus-based approach to language analysis developed by Professor John Sinclair at the University of Birmingham, Collins Cobuild built up a large corpus of modern English, software tools to manipulate and analyse the corpus data, and a team of specialist corpus linguists and lexicographers. If you wish to have access to a large English corpus for research and teaching purposes, you can subscribe to our WordbanksOnline service.

38. Old English Bibliography Lists important printed works in several categories including bibliographies, grammars, dictionaries, manuscripts, texts, translations, and literary criticism. http://www.engl.virginia.edu/OE/courses/OE.Bibliography.html

Old English Language and Literature: A Select Bibliography This bibliography is for students in ENMD 501 and ENMD 520. Works likely to be especially useful are marked with asterisks. Works of General Interest Bibliographies Grammars Dictionaries and Concordances ... Art and Material Culture Old English Home Page

39. We Offer: English-Finnish On-line Dictionary - Discount Hotel Rooms, Cheap Fligh Englantisuomi sanakirja. http://dictionaries.travlang.com/EnglishFinnish/

We offer: On-line Translating Dictionaries - Discount Hotel rooms, cheap flights and car rental bookings searchs - plus Language Resources and more fiSearchFormMaxSetId='AX005511'; English-Finnish On-line Dictionary This dictionary database is from the freeware multilingual program Ergane It contains 1,800 terms. Also see travlang's Finnish-English Dictionary Enter a word to search for: Max. Hits: Notes: Searches are case insensitive. You can use a * as a wildcard. Boolean searches are allowed. Please report any errors to webmaster@travlang.com or use the travlang comment form Back to travlang's Translating Dictionaries document.write(''); ELECTRONIC SPEAKING DICTIONARIES: Albanian Arabic Armenian ... TRANSLATION SOFTWARE (for Windows Pocket PC Palm OS Mobile phones ... Online Dictionary by HyperDictionary.com Free Reviews of area Hotels and Vacations at www.tripadvisor.com Web travlang.com webmaster@travlang.com

40. EnglishLibrary.net | David Appleyard's English Library > Online Literature And L Features links to biographies, literature, poetry, and foreign classics. Includes alphabetical index of authors, as well as dictionaries and other reference works. http://www.davidap.com/library/

WORLD OF ENGLISH Language Literature Reference ... Japan Perspectives EnglishLibrary.net Orientation Library Main Lobby Conduct a Search Ask the Librarian Literature Novels Short Stories Drama Poetry ... Non-Fiction Reference General Reference Dictionary Bank Geography History ... World Affairs Web Davidap.com Search Now: Main Lobby A warm welcome to lovers of fine literature! Most of us like to relax with a good book from time to time. Whatever your preferences — novels, short stories, non-fiction, drama or verse — they're all out there waiting for you on the Worldwide Web. EnglishLibrary.net not only introduces you to the wealth of poetry and prose penned in the English language, but also a sizeable selection of foreign classics in English translation. Clicking on the authors' names gains you instant access to their biographies. For those of you thirsting for new knowledge, our various reference sections are ready and waiting. You'll find traditional sources, such as encyclopedias, atlases and dictionaries, but also links to a growing number of interactive websites that let you learn through play and experimentation. From the comfort of your armchair, you can now make virtual visits to some of the world's most prestigious national libraries, museums and art galleries. Even the complete novice need not shy away, as all age groups and levels of ability are catered for. Key background information on most of the subjects listed is yours for a mouse click on the headings highlighted in blue.

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