61. ScienceMaster - JumpStart - Endangered Species A “threatened” species is hat is likely to become endangered in the foreseeablefuture. The endangered species Act The Fish and wildlife Service, http://www.sciencemaster.com/jump/life/endangered.php

Today is JumpStart - Life Science Endangered Species* Threatened and Endangered Animals and Plants Endangered Florida panther Introduction: Before a plant or animal species can receive protection under the Endangered Species Act, it must first be placed on the Federal list of endangered and hreatened wildlife and plants. Our listing program follows a strict legal process to determine whether to list a species, depending on the degree of threat it faces. The Endangered Species Act The Fish and Wildlife Service, in the Department of the Interior, and the National Marine Fisheries Service, in the Department of Commerce, share responsibility for administration of the Endangered Species Act. History of The Act Coastal California gnatcatcher Arnold Small/USFWS Congress passed the Endangered Species Preservation Act in 1966. This law allowed listing of only native animal species as endangered and provided limited means for the protection of species so listed. The Departments of Interior, Agriculture, and Defense were to seek to protect listed species, and insofar as consistent with their primary purposes, preserve the habitats of such species. Land acquisition for protection of endangered species was also authorized. The Endangered Species Conservation Act of 1969 was passed to provide additional protection to species in danger of "worldwide extinction". Import of such species was prohibited, as was their subsequent sale within the U.S. This Act called for an international ministerial meeting to adopt a convention on the conservation of endangered species.

62. State Endangered Species Acts: Past, Present And Future -- Defenders Of Wildlife Most of the existing 45 state endangered species acts merely provide a mechanism nongame wildlife programs to protect threatened and endangered species. http://www.defenders.org/pubs/sesa03a.html

State Endangered Species Acts: Past, Present and Future Susan George, State Counsel William J. Snape, III, Legal Director Michael Senatore, Legislative Counsel Home Special Publications Acknowledgements Foreword ... Section Two Section Three Part I Part II Section Four Section Five Endnotes Appendix A ... Appendix C SECTION THREE Part II The Present Reality (continued) The State of State ESAs In General Under the Supremacy Clause of the U.S. Constitution, states are precluded from enforcing state laws inconsistent with the federal ESA. Courts have confirmed that state statutes protecting endangered species of wildlife are valid, as long as they do not permit what is prohibited by the ESA or otherwise weaken protections. Section 6(f) of the Act thus voids any state law that effectively permits what is prohibited by the Act or prohibits what is authorized. Most of the existing 45 state endangered species acts merely provide a mechanism for listing and prohibit taking of or trafficking in listed species. No mechanisms for recovery, consultation or critical habitat designation exist in 32 state acts. Such a weak framework exists in states such as Florida, where the only provisions relating to endangered species provide for listing and prohibit the "intentional killing or wounding of any species designated [by a state commission] as endangered, threatened or of special concern."

63. Wildlife - Chapter 4 - Page 2 Texas Environmental Almanac, Chapter 4, wildlife, Page 2 endangered speciesare those species threatened with extinction throughout all, http://www.texascenter.org/almanac/Land/WILDLIFECH4P2.HTML

Almanac Table of Contents Chapter Four Table of Contents TEC Home Page NEXT PAGE ... PREVIOUS PAGE Go to page Notes Texas Environmental Almanac, Chapter 4, Wildlife, Page 2 WHERE ARE OUR AT-RISK SPECIES? (habitats supporting 660 U.S. endangered and threatened U.S. species) Note: Numbers add to more than 660 species since individual species often rely on more than one habitat to survive. Forest includes deciduous, evergreen and mixed forests. Rangeland includes herbaceous, mixed and shrub or brushlands. Barren includes beaches and sand regions other than beaches, dry salt flats, exposed rock, mines/quarries/pits, mixed barren lands and transition lands. Water includes bays and estuaries, lakes, reservoirs, streams and canals and other undesignated water ecosystems. Wetland includes forested, nonforested and nondesignated wetlands. Source: World Resources Institute, The 1994 Information Please Environmental Almanac. From Curtis H. Flather, Linda A. Joyce and Carol A. Bloomgarden, Species Endangerment Patterns in the United States (USDA Forest Service, General Technical Report RM-100, December 31, 1992), Table 3, n.p. ENDANGERED OR THREATENED Endangered species are those species threatened with extinction throughout all

64. Argent Communications Group Legal Publishing January 2001 Critical Habitat under the endangered species Act Key to US Fish and wildlife Service Lists California Tiger Salamander as threatened http://www.argentco.com/subjects)topics)endangered_species.htm

Your path: Home Archive Page Subjects Topics ) Endangered Species Alameda Whipsnake July 2003: District Court Throws Out Critical Habitat Designation for Alameda Whipsnake January 2001: Critical Habitat under the Endangered Species Act: Key to Recovery or Unworkable Quagmire with Only Marginal Species Benefit? Amphipod January 2004: Endangered Species Disputes over Texas Troglobites Spawn Lawsuit, Dissention Center for Biological Diversity v. Norton, et al. Case No. 1:03CV02402, filed Nov. 19, 2003 (D. D.C.). Anadromous Fish June 2005: California Proposes Total Maximum Daily Load for Temperature on Salmon River June 2005: January 2001: Agencies Release Final Environmental Impact Statement/Report for the Trinity River Fishery Restoration Plan Animal Grazing December 2002: Ninth Circuit Breathes Life into ESA Section 7(d), Holding It Applies to Claims for Injunctive Relief Regarding Non-Jeopardizing Agency Action Taken after Initiation of Formal Consultation Southwest Center For Biological Diversity, et al. v. U.S. Forest Service, et al. 307 F.3d 964 (9th Cir. Oct. 2, 2002). Arkansas River Shiner November 2001: Court of Appeals: Tenth Circuit Requires Additional Evidence Beyond a Chronology of Events to Satisfy the Catalyst Test For Attorney's Fees under the ESA.

65. National Policy Analysis #475: Rules Protecting Endangered Species Endanger Defe 9 endangered and threatened wildlife and Plants; Notice of Intent to Clarify Habitat in endangered species Conservation, US Fish and wildlife Service, http://www.nationalcenter.org/NPA475.html

July 2003 Rules Protecting Endangered Species Endanger Defense Readiness Instead by Dana Joel Gattuso "Our new radar - it's a remarkable scientific achievement capable of spotting an intruder in the air at quite a long range... But we can't get permission to put her up [on top of the mountain from] the National Park Service... The Wildlife Preservation Society is raising hell too." - from the 1970 movie "Tora, Tora, Tora." The very idea that laws protecting fish and fowl can stand in the way of military readiness and threaten our national defense reads something like a Hollywood drama. Yet this plot is playing out today on U.S. military bases, hampering the training of our armed forces - and at a particularly crucial time for national military preparedness. According to the Pentagon, federal regulations governing endangered species are the number one obstacle facing defense-training efforts. As the government continues to designate more land for "critical habitat," subject to protection under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), a disturbingly large and growing amount of U.S. military property is off-limits to training and weapons testing. Consider:

66. PRESERVATION OF ENDANGERED AND THREATENED PRESERVATION OF endangered AND threatened wildlife IN CERTAIN RURAL COUNTIES preservation of endangered or threatened species or subspecies of wildlife; http://www.leg.state.nv.us/SpecialActs/EPEW.html

PRESERVATION OF ENDANGERED AND THREATENED WILDLIFE IN CERTAIN RURAL COUNTIES Chapter 349, Statutes of Nevada 1999 AN ACT relating to land use planning; authorizing certain cities and counties to represent themselves with respect to certain matters involving the use of federal land; authorizing certain cities and counties to bring and intervene in actions with respect to certain activities of federal agencies and instrumentalities; authorizing the Board of County Commissioners of Esmeralda, Lincoln or Nye County to create an area or zone for the preservation of a species or subspecies of wildlife that is threatened with extinction and to impose and collect a fee for that purpose; and providing other matters properly relating thereto. [Approved May 28, 1999] (Leadlines for sections have been supplied by the Legislative Counsel of the State of Nevada) The People of the State of Nevada, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows:       Sec. 6.  Legislative findings and declaration; authority of certain boards of county commissioners; imposition and administration of fee for construction of structure or grading of land.       1.  The Legislature hereby finds and declares that:

67. Endangered Species And The PFBC The US Fish and wildlife Service won t put a species on the list if it is The book endangered and threatened species of Pennsylvania, published by the http://sites.state.pa.us/PA_Exec/Fish_Boat/endngre.htm

by Linda Steiner View this article in PDF "Say the word 'endangered species' and people immediately think of 'bald eagle.' If we could get them also to think 'bog turtle,' then we'd be doing something." So says Andrew Shiels, the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission's Nongame and Endangered Species Unit Leader. High visibility, charismatic species like bald eagles, ospreys and peregrine falcons are what most Pennsylvanians identify when asked to name an endangered species. But there are other endangered species that, although certainly not forgotten, haven't gotten as high-profile press as the warm-blooded birds and mammals. These "others" are the wildlife species that are under the regulatory jurisdiction and protection of the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. These are fish, reptiles, amphibians, aquatic invertebrates (like crayfish and mayflies) and freshwater mussels. They are varied, interesting and valuable, and they fall within the Fish and Boat Commission's mandate of overseeing natural resources. And they are the job of Andrew Shiels. photo-Rob Criswell This red-bellied turtle is listed as threatened in Pennsylvania. Threatened and endangered species under the regulatory jurisdiction and protection of the Fish and Boat Commission include fish, reptiles, amphibians, aquatic invertebrates (crayfish and mayflies, for example), and freshwater mussels. Currently 29 species are classified by the Commission as endangered or threatened in the state: 18 fish, five reptiles, four amphibians and two mussels.

68. The Endangered Species Act - A Primer ESA is the endangered species Act. Fish and wildlife Service is the US Fish and A decision to list a species as endangered or threatened must be made http://www.mrsc.org/environment/esa/esaprime.htm

document.write("") document.write("") document.write("") document.write("") document.write("") document.write("") document.write("") Legal Resources Research Tools Subjects Services ... Sample Local Government Docs document.write("") Subjects Environment ESA Printer Friendly The Endangered Species Act - A Primer by Patrick W. Ryan and Galen Schuler of Perkins Coie LLP* * The authors acknowledge the assistance of Marty Vaughn, Beak Consultants, Inc., for his recommendations on practical considerations for HCPs. I. Introduction The ESA and its implementing regulations prohibit any person from harassing, harming, pursuing, hunting, shooting, wounding, killing, trapping, capturing or collecting any listed threatened or endangered species. This broad prohibition has been interpreted to prohibit even ordinary land use activities such as farming or forestry or site development if the result of such activities would be significant habitat modification or degradation where it actually kills or injures wildlife by interfering with essential biological functions such as feeding, breeding or sheltering. This paper reviews how a species becomes listed, government responsibilities once it is listed, the impact on private lands and land use activities and options for voluntary habitat management agreements as possible solutions to ESA restrictions. Among the more notorious threatened species affecting land use in the Pacific Northwest are the northern spotted owl, the marbled murrelet, and the grizzly bear. The incidence of protection for these species has fallen primarily on public and private timberland. However, recent and imminent listings of various salmon stocks and bull trout are likely to have a much broader regulatory impact because of the need to protect water quantity and quality as fish habitat, especially in urban areas.

69. Section 212-A:6 Threatened Species. I. Any species of wildlife determined to be an endangered species pursuant to In addition to the species deemed to be endangered or threatened pursuant http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/rsa/html/XVIII/212-A/212-A-6.htm

TITLE XVIII FISH AND GAME CHAPTER 212-A ENDANGERED SPECIES CONSERVATION ACT Section 212-A:6 I. Any species of wildlife determined to be an endangered species pursuant to the endangered species act shall be deemed to be an endangered species under this chapter and any species of wildlife determined to be a threatened species pursuant to the endangered species act shall be deemed to be a threatened species under this chapter. The executive director may determine, in accordance with this section, that any species of wildlife determined to be a threatened species under the endangered species act is an endangered species throughout all or any portion of the range of such species within this state. II. In addition to the species deemed to be endangered or threatened pursuant to the endangered species act, the executive director with his staff may by rule determine whether any species of wildlife normally occurring within the state is an endangered or threatened species because of any of the following factors: (a) Present or threatened destruction, modification or curtailment of its habitat or range;

70. Internet Public Library Pathfinders An endangered species is an animal or plant that is threatened with extinction . The Official World wildlife Fund Guide to endangered species of North http://www.ipl.org/div/pf/entry/48466

71. Wildlife Management Of National Forests wildlife direction on National Forest lands falls into two categories congressionaland of proposing to list the species as endangered or threatened. http://www.uec-utah.org/help/wildlife.htm

Utah Environmental Congress WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT ON NATIONAL FORESTS Wildlife direction on National Forest lands falls into two categories: congressional and administrative direction. Congressional direction is federal law. Administrative direction is not law; it is in-house direction established by the agency. CONGRESSIONAL DIRECTION The National Forest Management Act (NFMA) (section 36 CFR 219.19) requires that the Forest Service manage fish and wildlife habitat to maintain viable populations of existing native and desired non-native vertebrate species in the planning area. For planning purposes, a viable population is regarded as one which has the estimated numbers and distribution of reproductive individuals to ensure its continued existence is well distributed in the planning area. In order to insure that viable populations will be maintained, habitat must be provided to support at least a minimum number of reproductive individuals, and that habitat must be well distributed so those individuals can interact with others in the planning area. Forests are also required to select and identify Management Indicator Species (MIS). These species are selected because their populations changes are believed to indicate the effects of management activities. In the selection of MIS, the following categories are to be represented where appropriate:

72. ESA Moratorium US FISH wildlife SERVICE PLACES MORATORIUM ON PROTECTION OF endangered species Nearly a thousand other threatened and endangered species are still http://www.sw-center.org/swcbd/activist/ESA/moratorium.html

Home Endangered Species Campaigns Late Breaking News ... Join Us! Center for Biological Diversity More Information Text of Moratorium Notice of Intent to Sue USFWS Removes 1,695 Species From Proposed Protection List Scientists, Congress, Government Auditors, and Agency Biologists Speak Out on Abuse of USFWS Listing Program ... 539 Extinct, Extinct in the Wild, and MIssing U.S. Species Scientists, Congress, the Inspector General, and Agency Biologists React to Systematic Listing Delays Click here to read more "The Department of Interior consistently missed statutory deadlines for listing and deliberately allowed politics to influence listing decisions." "I have become particularly concerned about the agency's seemingly unrestrained use of public funds to carry on litigation and other actions to thwart or delay appropriate classification and regulation of species such as the lynx...My own efforts to call attention to and mitigate these problems have failed."

73. Colorado Endangered Species endangered or threatened species. (1) On the basis of investigations of nongame (2) Before any wildlife species may be introduced, the department shall http://www.animallaw.info/statutes/stusco33_2_105.htm

www.animallaw.info Search the Site: Search Tips DONATIONS Click Here to make a tax deductible donation. Select by State US Laws Federal Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut DC Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming US Cases Federal Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut DC Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Select by Topic Select A Topic Animal Rights AWA Chickens CITES Comparative National Laws Dog Bites Dog Laws Dolphins Eagle Act Endangered Sp.

74. Ohio Endangered Species endangered species general PROVISIONS Statute Details Taking of an endangeredor threatened animal species constitutes a misdemeanor and the person is http://www.animallaw.info/statutes/stusoh1518_01.htm

www.animallaw.info Search the Site: Search Tips DONATIONS Click Here to make a tax deductible donation. Select by State US Laws Federal Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut DC Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming US Cases Federal Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut DC Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Select by Topic Select A Topic Animal Rights AWA Chickens CITES Comparative National Laws Dog Bites Dog Laws Dolphins Eagle Act Endangered Sp.

75. CSA - Hot Topics A threatened listing means a species could become endangered in the The endangered species Act requires the Fish wildlife Service to monitor recovered http://www.csa.com/hottopics/archives/99aug.php

Guide to Discovery PsycBOOKS now available on CSA Illumina! Hot Topics Quick Links CSA Illumina Login Administrative Tools Try a Demonstration Request a Trial Hot Topics Areas Natural Sciences Social Sciences Technology Environmental Policy Issues Bald Eagle Recovery (Released August 1999) Contact Overview The American bald eagle ( Haliaeetus leucocephalus ), once near extinction, has made such a powerful comeback that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has proposed to remove it from the List of Threatened and Endangered Wildlife. For more information, visit http://midwest.fws.gov/eagle/ When settlers first arrived in North America, the bald eagle population was estimated to have been between 250-500,000. As the United States grew as a nation, the bald eagle population declined through the 1940's. This was due to human persecution of the bald eagle and loss of nesting habitat. In 1940, the Bald Eagle Protection Act (16 U.S.C 668) was passed, prohibiting killing or selling of bald eagles. This Act increased public awareness of the bald eagle and resulted in a partial recovery or a slower decline of the species in most areas of the country. By the 1950's, organochlorine pesticides such as DDT were in general use. DDT was initially used to control mosquitoes along coastal and wetland areas and later was used as a general insecticide. DDT accumulated in individual bald eagles that ate fish contaminated with DDT. The pesticide caused the birds to lay eggs that had very thin shells, resulting in widespread nesting failures. Loss of nesting habitat continued to contribute to the population decline.

76. Books, Videos, And Software For Engineers And Scientists On spacey endangered and threatened wildlife and Plants; Definition of spacey Harm spacey Determination of endangered species And threatened species http://www.battelle.org/bclscrpt/bookstore/booktemplate.cfm?ISBN=1-57477-108-6

77. Endangered Species, UM Libraries State Lists of endangered, threatened, or Rare species An Exploration The Official World wildlife Fund Guide to endangered species of North America. http://www.lib.umd.edu/UMCP/MCK/GUIDES/endangered_species.html

Guides to Info. Resources Agriculture and Natural Resources ENDANGERED SPECIES Scope: An endangered species, whether it be animal or plant, is one that is threatened with extinction. Without concerted efforts to protect it, the species will become extinct. A threatened species is still abundant but declining so rapidly that it is likely to becomeextinct. Birds are especially threatened, followed by primates, fish and various species of plants, and amphibians. Habitat alteration, commercial hunting and harvesting, hunting for sport and subsistence, introduction of alien species, and pest and predator control threaten species. In other cases, the species may have always been rare. See also other Subject Guides: Chesapeake Bay Wetlands , and Ecology Email the subject area specialist at mb372@umail.umd.edu or call 405-9068 for more information. Table of Contents Locating References Using the Catalog Atlases Bibliographies and Guides to Publications Directories ... return to top Locating References Using the Catalog To locate books, search the UM Libraries'

78. EnviroRegs: Species At Risk Act (2002) The goal of the Act is to prevent endangered or threatened wildlife from threatened A species likely to become endangered if nothing is done to http://www.ec.gc.ca/EnviroRegs/Eng/SearchDetail.cfm?intAct=1049

79. AMERICA'S ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT Although, this Pacific Yew is scarce and a threatened species, it was deemed Fish wildlife Services.(1989). endangered speciesGeneral Information. http://darwin.bio.uci.edu/~sustain/global/sensem/nawab97.htm

Interdisciplinary Minor in Global Sustainability Senior Seminar University of California, Irvine June 1997 Parvez Nawab BIO.191,BOWLER AMERICA'S ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT Save the Bald Eagles Save the whales Save the Mountain Lions Such were the environmentalists rallying cries that brought about the Endangered Species Act of 1973. Although, the first official endangered species legislation was a 1966 bill that called for saving U.S. wildlife, but lacked the powers to do so. The Endangered Species Act(ESA) of 1973 set forth the basic rules that apply in the U.S. today. Two agencies, the Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service, are responsible for reviewing the status of species in trouble to see if they warrant listing as either threatened or endangered. The decision is to be based solely on scientific data rather than social factors, such as economic, political, and psychological factors. In theory, once a species is listed, no person, group or branch of the federal government; not even the United States Department of Defense- is allowed to proceed with a project that might harm the creature without first consulting and obtaining permission of the wildlife or fisheries service. America's establishment of the Endangered Species Act is probably the most unselfish approach to nature taken by mankind. In fact, the Endangered Species Act is an attempt by the human species to become part of the ecosystem, rather than dictate the end result. However, history shows that the ESA is perhaps mankind's greatest invention to filter other species from the ecosystem, which are irrelevant to humans' interest on "our" spaceship called Earth, when viewed from a psychological perspective.

80. Division Of Endangered Species, Listing Program threatened and endangered wildlife and Plants. Our site on species, Our generalstatistics page answers questions including how many species are listed, http://www.fws.gov/endangered/whatwedo.html

American peregrine falcon photo by Craig Koppie/USFWS Search Species Information Laws, Policies and Federal Register Notices Candidate Conservation ... Endangered Species Program home page The Endangered Species Act and What We Do On This Page The Endangered Species Act What We Do The Fish and Wildlife Service, in the Department of the Interior, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries , in the Department of Commerce, share responsibility for administration of the Endangered Species Act. Look below to learn more about what the Fish and Wildlife Service does to carry out this responsibility. The Endangered Species Act ... html or as a PDF file ESA Basics , a brief summary of the Endangered Species Act (in PDF) History of the ESA and its implementation (updated in 1996) Who administers the ESA Policies, Secretarial Orders and regulations

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