21. Privacy International - COE Recommendation No. R (95) 13 When collected in the course of a criminal investigation and in particular The common need to collect, preserve, and present electronic evidence in ways http://www.privacy.org/pi/intl_orgs/coe/info_tech_1995.html

COE Recommendation No. R (95) 13 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States Concerning Problems of Criminal Procedure Law Connected with Information Technology (Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 11 September 1995 at the 543 meeting of the Ministers' Deputies) The Committee of Ministers, under the terms of Article 15.b of the Statute of the Council of Europe. Considering that the aim of the Council of Europe is to achieve a greater unity between its members; Having regard to the unprecedented development of information technology and its application in all sectors of modern society; Realizing that the development of electronic information systems will speed up the transformation of traditional society into an information society by creating a new space for all types of communications and relations; Aware of the impact of information technology on the manner in which society is organised and on how individuals communications and interrelate; Conscious that an increasing part of economic and social relations will take place through or by use of electronic information systems;

22. Federal Bureau Of Investigation - Press Room - Congressional Testimony Section 220 Search Warrants for electronic evidence Generally, however, asin the case of criminal wiretaps and electronic surveillance, http://www.fbi.gov/congress/congress05/mueller040505.htm

Congressional Testimony Testimony of Robert S. Mueller, III Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation Before the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary Sunset Provisions of the USA Patriot Act April 5, 2005 USA Patriot Act SUNSET PROVISIONS Section 201 brought the federal wiretap statute into the 21st century. Prior to its passage, law enforcement was not authorized to conduct electronic surveillance when investigating crimes committed by terrorists, such as chemical weapons offenses, killing U.S. nationals abroad, using weapons of mass destruction, and providing material support to terrorist organizations. Section 201 closed an existing gap in the Title III statute. Now Agents are able to gather information when looking into the full range of terrorism related crimes. Section 204 - Clarification of Intelligence Exceptions from Limitations on Interception and Disclosure of Wire, Oral and Electronic Communications

23. E-Evidence Information Center - High Tech Crime Units Dept of Public Safety Computer Crimes and electronic evidence Unit MontanaDivision of criminal investigation Computer Crime Unit http://www.e-evidence.info/ccunits.html

The Electronic Evidence Information Center Home Digital Forensics BIBLIO What's New ALL ... About This Site Regional Computer Forensic Laboratories The National Program Office for RCFLs http://www.nporcfl.org/ Chicago RCFL http://www.chicagorcfl.org/ Colorado RCFL http://www.crcfl.org/ LINK to a PDF Presentation about the CRCFL Greater Houston RCFL http://www.ghrcfl.org/ Heart of America RCFL http://www.kansascityrcfl.org/ Intermountain West RCFL http://www.iwrcfl.org/ Miami Valley RCFL [Dayton, Ohio] http://www.mvrcfl.org/ New Jersey RCFL http://www.newjerseyrcfl.org/ North Texas RCFL http://www.ntrcfl.org/ Northwest RCFL http://www.nwrcfl.org/ Regional Computer Forensic Laboratory Western New York http://www.rcflwny.org/ Rocky Mountain RCFL http://www.rmrcfl.org/ San Diego RCFL http://www.rcfl.org/ Silicon Valley RCFL http://www.svrcfl.org/ FBI Computer Crime Units Chicago, Illinois http://chicago.fbi.gov/programs.htm Cleveland, Ohio http://cleveland.fbi.gov/computer.htm Computer Analysis and Response Team (CART) http://www.fbi.gov/hq/lab/org/cart.htm High Technology Crimes Task Force Pittsburgh, PA

24. Criminal Justice Resources Resources: Forensic Science A Beginner s Primer on the investigation of Forensic evidence Courtesy ofthe criminal investigation electronic Crimes Program of the Internal Revenue http://www.lib.msu.edu/harris23/crimjust/forsci.htm

CRIMINAL JUSTICE RESOURCES: Forensic Science Forensics or forensic science is the application of science to questions which are of interest to the legal system. For example, forensic pathology is the study of the human body to determine cause and manner of death. Criminalistics is the application of various sciences to answer questions relating to examination and comparison of biological evidence, trace evidence, impression evidence, drugs and firearms. Forensic odontology is the study of the uniqueness of dentition, and forensic toxicology is the study of drugs and poisons, and their effects on the human body. Sherlock Holmes, the fictional character created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was, in fact, the inspiration for forensic science. Decades later, the comic strip, Dick Tracy also featured the detective using a considerable number of forensic methods although sometimes the methods were more fanciful. The popular television series CSI: Crime Scene Investigation depicts a glamorized version of the activities of forensic scientists. Visit the Forensics entry from the Wikipedia for more information.

25. International Cooperation In Fighting Cybercrime Today law enforcement face tasks of counteraction and investigation of crimes in or for the collection of electronic evidence of any criminal offense. http://www.crime-research.org/articles/Golubev0405/

26. Fact Sheet: USA Patriot Act Provisions Set For Reauthorization information obtained as part of a criminal investigation between federal law investigation to issue search warrants to obtain electronic evidence http://www.fas.org/irp/news/2005/04/doj040505b.html

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE TUESDAY, APRIL 5, 2005 WWW.USDOJ.GOV OPA TDD (202) 514-1888 FACT SHEET:USA PATRIOT ACT PROVISIONS SET FOR REAUTHORIZATION For more than three years, the USA PATRIOT Act has been an invaluable tool in the war on terror, helping the law enforcement and intelligence communities to coordinate, communicate, and uncover terrorist operations and other serious crimes. The Department of Justice has thoughtfully and carefully utilized the PATRIOT Act to fight crime and terrorism, acting within the framework of the Constitution and prioritizing the protection of civil liberties. Today, Congress starts hearings on the PATRIOT Act to begin a discussion on 16 provisions of the law requiring reauthorization. These provisions have a proven track record of saving lives and fighting crime, and play an integral role in building a culture of prevention in the war on terror. The provisions set for reauthorization are as follows: Section 201: Section 201 allows law enforcement to utilize existing electronic surveillance authorities, such as wiretaps, to investigate certain offenses that terrorists are likely to commit, including chemical weapons offenses; use of weapons of mass destruction; violent acts of terrorism transcending national borders; financial transactions with countries which support terrorism; material support of terrorists; and material support of terrorist organizations. This provision allows investigators to gather information when looking into the full range of terrorism-related crimes.

27. Perpetuity Press Ltd Criminal Investigation Books, Videos and electronic Journalscriminal investigation Case Preparationand Presentation of evidence; criminal investigations in the 20th Century. http://www.perpetuitypress.co.uk/acatalog/Criminal_Investigation.html

Home Top Terms and Conditions Search ... Contact us Criminal Investigation A Guide to Investigating Using the Internet Price: by Dave Davis 2000, 107 pages, paperback Perpetuity Press, ISBN 1 899287 58 2 This guide provides clear guidance to those who want to use the Internet as a tool for investigation. It starts off by providing a basic tutorial on the Internet and how to access it. The guide then shows how to use the Internet effectively and provides invaluable tools and techniques for the investigator to use. Topics covered include: how the Internet works; how to access the Internet; Internet addressing; how to locate an Internet address; electronic mail; World Wide Web; how to search for information; newsgroups and how to access them; File Transfer Protocol; Internet Relay Chat; information gathering; covert access to the Internet; encryption and hiding data; problems; useful tools for the investigator. Effective Interviewing Techniques Price: by Nathan J. Gordon and William L. Fleisher 2001, 173 pages, Hardcover Academic Press, ISBN 0122603818

28. ALA | USA PATRIOT Act Analysis By OIF need to affirm that the information sought is relevant to a criminal investigation . Section 220 National Search Warrants for electronic evidence http://www.ala.org/ala/oif/ifissues/issuesrelatedlinks/usapatriotactanalysis.htm

Intellectual Freedom Basics First Amendment Statements and Policies ... Intellectual Freedom Issues Related Links Analysis of the USA Patriot Act related to Libraries Background Enhanced Surveillance Provisions Affecting Library Confidentiality Section 215: Access to Records Under Foreign Intelligence Security Act (FISA) Permits the FBI to compel production of library circulation records, Internet use records, and registration information stored in any medium. Libraries or librarians served with a search warrant issued under FISA rules may not disclose, under of penalty of law, the existence of the warrant or the fact that records were produced as a result of the warrant. A patron cannot be told that his or her records were given to the FBI or that he or she is the subject of an FBI investigation. state library confidentiality laws protecting library records Section 216: Relating to the Use of Pen Register and Trap and Trace Devices State law enforcement agencies may apply for and obtain an order under this provision, which is not limited to the investigation of terrorism or foreign intelligence matters. Federal agents can obtain a nationwide court order for a wiretap from any federal court having jurisdiction over the offense under investigation.

29. APPENDIX To Searching And Seizing Computers And Obtaining Electronic Evidence In When the computer is merely a storage device for electronic evidence, The fruits of such monitoring may support a criminal investigation and possible http://upword.dns2go.com/s&sappendix2002.htm

APPENDIX A: Sample Network Banner Language Network banners are electronic messages that provide notice of legal rights to users of computer networks. From a legal standpoint, banners have four primary functions. First, banners may be used to generate consent to real-time monitoring under Title III. Second, banners may be used to generate consent to the retrieval of stored files and records pursuant to ECPA. Third, in the case of government networks, banners may eliminate any Fourth Amendment "reasonable expectation of privacy" that government employees or other users might otherwise retain in their use of the government's network under O'Connor v. Ortega , 480 U.S. 709 (1987). Fourth, in the case of a non-government network, banners may establish a system administrator's "common authority" to consent to a law enforcement search pursuant to United States v. Matlock , 415 U.S. 164 (1974). CCIPS does not take any position on whether providers of network services should use network banners, and, if so, what types of banners they should use. Further, there is no formal "magic language" that is necessary. However, it is important to realize that banners may be worded narrowly or broadly, and the scope of consent and waiver triggered by a particular banner will in general depend on the scope of its language. Here is a checklist of issues that may be considered when drafting a banner: a) Does the banner state that use of the network constitutes consent to monitoring? Such a statement helps establish the user's consent to real-time interception pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 2511(2)(c)(monitoring by law enforcement agency) or § 2511(2)(d)(provider monitoring).

30. CCIPS SEARCHING AND SEIZING COMPUTERS Searching and Seizing Computers and Obtaining electronic evidence in criminalInvestigations; Federal criminal Code Related to Searching and Seizing http://www.usdoj.gov/criminal/cybercrime/searching.html

Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section (CCIPS) Searching and Seizing Computers and Related Electronic Evidence Issues Searching and Seizing Computers and Obtaining Electronic Evidence in Criminal Investigations Federal Criminal Code Related to Searching and Seizing Computers The USA PATRIOT Act Other Federal Statutes ... Computer Records and the Federal Rules of Evidence, Orin S. Kerr, USA Bulletin (March 2001) A. Searching and Seizing Computers and Obtaining Electronic Evidence in Criminal Investigations NEW, REVISED VERSION PUBLISHED JULY 2002 This publication provides a comprehensive guide to the legal issues that arise when federal law enforcement agents search and seize computers and obtain electronic evidence in criminal investigations. The topics covered include the application of the Fourth Amendment to computers and the Internet, the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, workplace privacy, the law of electronic surveillance, and evidentiary issues. This updated version includes discussion of significant changes to relevant Federal law arising from the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001, and supersedes the previous version of "Searching and Seizing Computers and Obtaining Electronic Evidence in Criminal Investigations," published January 2001, as well as "Federal Guidelines for Searching and Seizing Computers" (1994), and the Guidelines' 1997 and 1999 Supplements. Searching and Seizing Computers and Obtaining Electronic Evidence in Criminal Investigations Manual main text Appendices Download the

31. Searching And Seizing Computers And Obtaining Electronic Evidence In Criminal In The law governing electronic evidence in criminal investigations has two primarysources the Fourth Amendment to the US Constitution, and the statutory http://www.cybercrime.gov/s&smanual2002.htm

Searching and Seizing Computers and Obtaining Electronic Evidence in Criminal Investigations Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section Criminal Division United States Department of Justice July 2002 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE INTRODUCTION I. SEARCHING AND SEIZING COMPUTERS WITHOUT A WARRANT A. Introduction ... Table of Contents PREFACE This publication (the Manual) is a revised version of the 2001 edition of "Searching and Seizing Computers and Obtaining Electronic Evidence in Criminal Investigations." In addition to discussing recent caselaw, the Manual incorporates the important changes made to the laws governing electronic evidence gathering by the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001, Pub. L. No. 107-56, 115 Stat. 272 (2001) (the "PATRIOT Act"). These changes are discussed primarily in Chapters 3 and 4. Many of the provisions of the PATRIOT Act relevant here would, unless reenacted into law, sunset on December 31, 2005. Accordingly, prosecutors and agents are urged to inform the Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section (CCIPS), at 202-514-1026, whenever use of the new authorities proves helpful in a criminal case. This information will help ensure that Congress is fully informed when deciding whether to reenact these provision. Nathan Judish of CCIPS took primary responsibility for the revisions in this Manual, under the supervison of Martha Stansell-Gamm, Chief of the Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section. Assistance in editing was provided by CCIPS attorneys (in alphabetical order): Richard Downing, Mark Eckenwiler, David Green, Patricia McGarry, Paul Ohm, Richard Salgado, Michael Sussmann, and summer interns Matthew Heintz, Andrew Ting, Arun Subramanian, and Amalie Weber.

32. Criminal Enforcement - Compliance And Enforcement - U.S. EPA The EPA criminal Enforcement Program maintains an electronic Crimes Team (ECT) seized computer/electronic evidence, and Internet investigative support. http://www.epa.gov/compliance/criminal/investigations/electronic/

Criminal Enforcement Recent Additions Contact Us Print Version Search: Advanced Search EPA Home Compliance and Enforcement Enforcement ... Homeland Security Electronic Crimes Team The EPA Criminal Enforcement Program maintains an Electronic Crimes Team (ECT) which provides on-site support to EPA Special Agents in the execution of search warrants involving computer or other electronic evidence, the subsequent analysis of the seized computer/electronic evidence, and Internet investigative support. The team is staffed with Senior Special Agents from EPA's Criminal Investigation Division (EPA-CID). Team members are highly trained and experienced in the investigation of computer crimes and computer evidence recovery. Two Staff Attorneys serve as legal advisors to the Team. The ECT has strategically placed one team member in each of EPA's ten regions, EPA's National Computer Center at Research Triangle Park, NC, and at the EPA-CID Homeland Security office in Washington, DC. The Team supports EPA-CID Special Agents and Federal, State, Local, Tribal and International environmental law enforcement partners in:

33. Forensic Technology Solutions - Electronic Discovery - Services & Contacts The Impact of electronic Records in Litigation and criminal Investigations trained in the forensic acquisition and analysis of electronic evidence. http://www.pwc.com/extweb/service.nsf/docid/4f8a496392798c1a8525697c00677dc4

document.write(clickpath); document.write(''); Please enable JavaScript to view this page properly. Electronic Discovery Services The Impact of Electronic Records in Litigation and Criminal Investigations With as much as 90% of all business records now created and stored electronically, it is rapidly becoming the rule rather than the exception that discovery opponents will seek production of your clients' electronic records. And modern technology that allows massive transmission and storage of electronic information invites abuse. For example, hackers steal information or damage systems; others perpetrate traditional offenses such as fraud, using computer technology. Simply acquiring and analyzing these huge volumes of data requires experienced investigators professionals trained in the forensic acquisition and analysis of electronic evidence Efficiently and effectively identifying, preserving, retrieving, and analyzing electronic data in support of an investigation or ongoing litigation has become fundamental to understanding and resolving disputes, and requires that the following questions be addressed: What relevant electronic and hard copy records exist?

34. USSS Financial Crimes Divison Financial Institution Fraud (FIF) and Related criminal Investigations Please see our Best Practices for Seizing electronic evidence reference guide for http://www.treas.gov/usss/financial_crimes.htm

INVESTIGATIONS Financial Crimes Division The Secret Service investigates crimes associated with financial institutions. Today, this jurisdiction includes bank fraud, access device fraud involving credit and debit cards, telecommunications and computer crimes, fraudulent identification, fraudulent government and commercial securities, and electronic funds transfer fraud. Mission Statement Table of Contents Access Device Fraud Counterfeit and Fraudulent Identification Money Laundering Computer Fraud ... Training Financial Institution Fraud (FIF) and Related Criminal Investigations On November 5, 1990, the Congress enacted legislation that gave the Secret Service concurrent jurisdiction with the Department of Justice to investigate fraud, both civil and criminally against any federally insured financial institution or the Resolution Trust Corporation. Annually, agents of the Secret Service review thousands of criminal referrals submitted by Treasury Department regulators. The Secret Service promotes an aggressive policy toward conducting these investigations in an effort to safeguard the soundness of our financial institutions. Major Initiatives: The Secret Service has concurrent jurisdiction with the Department of Justice to investigate fraud, both civil and criminal, against federally insured financial(FIF) institutions. The Crime Bill of 1994 extended our FIF investigative authority to the year 2004.

35. Printer Version: Criminal Investigation Last update May 18, 2004 at 1224 PM. criminal investigation and otherelectronic files that can be used as evidence in civil or criminal litigation. http://www.startribune.com/dynamic/story.php?template=print_a&story=4143057

36. Why Is IRS Involved In Electronic Crimes criminal investigation electronic Crimes Program. As financial investigators,IRScriminal investigation (IRS-CI) fills a unique niche in the federal law http://www.irs.gov/compliance/enforcement/article/0,,id=118095,00.html

@import url("/irs/cda/common/commonStyleSheet/0,,,00.css"); Home Accessibility Tax Stats About IRS ... Help Search for... within: IRS Site Advanced Search Tips for successful searching Home Individuals ... Where To File Why is IRS Involved in Electronic Crimes Criminal Investigation: Electronic Crimes Program As financial investigators, IRS-Criminal Investigation (IRS-CI) fills a unique niche in the federal law enforcement community. Today’s sophisticated schemes to defraud the government and the American economy demand the analytical ability of financial investigators to wade through complex arrays of financial records.  Records of transactions are moving from paper ledgers to computers to off-site, online storage. As a result, IRS-CI is developing tools and techniques to follow and find those records, wherever they may be. IRS-CI designed the Electronic Crimes Program (ECP) to organize our growing expertise in computer and network forensics. Computer Investigative Specialists (CIS) use specialized equipment and techniques to preserve digital evidence and to recover financial data, including data that may have been encrypted, password protected or hidden by other electronic means.     Program Strategy Overview The Electronic Crimes Program’s mission is to support IRS special agents in the collection and analysis of digital evidence.  As the incidence of computers found during enforcement actions has risen from 5% to 95%, the reliance on ECP personnel to secure and analyze digital data has grown as well.   In the past, agents might find a single personal computer; now they encounter multiple computers, often linked together in a network, each having the capacity to hold several truckloads of documents.

37. Searching And Seizing Computers And Obtaining Electronic Evidence In Criminal In to the legal issues that arise when federal law enforcement agents search andseize computers and obtain electronic evidence in criminal investigations. http://whitepapers.zdnet.co.uk/0,39025945,60023486p-39000494q,00.htm

Making mobile working work for your company All of ZDNet News Insight Comment White Papers Reviews Prices Downloads All the Web newsletters Insight White Papers Internet ... Privacy Issues Searching and Seizing Computers and Obtaining Electronic Evidence in Criminal Investigations Download Now Free download Show Me Others More white papers Date: 01 January 2001 Vendor: U.S. Department of Justice Vendor Registration: Direct access Format: HTML Topics Privacy Issues Security Standards Security Management Publisher's Description This publication provides a comprehensive guide to the legal issues that arise when federal law enforcement agents search and seize computers and obtain electronic evidence in criminal investigations. The topics covered include the application of the Fourth Amendment to computers and the Internet, the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, workplace privacy, the law of electronic surveillance, and evidentiary issues. Readers Rating How would you rate this product? Thumbs up Thumbs down Contact Us Privacy Terms Permissions ... About CNET Networks ZDNet is a registered service mark of CNET Networks, Inc. ZDNet Logo is a service mark of CNET NETWORKS, Inc. browser_info('zdnet');

38. The Joseph Bell Centre For Forensic Statistics & Legal Reasoning Forensic Computing and electronic evidence This course covers the process ofcriminal investigation from the commission of the first crime to the point http://www.cfslr.ed.ac.uk/training/Modules.htm

Forensic Computing and Electronic Evidence The task of investigating computers and computer data has increased considerably in the last 5-10 years, as computer crime has become more prevalent, both with increased crime using computers (notably e-mail frauds or ‘hacking’) and also with the use of computers to support ‘conventional’ crime. The need to analyse computer data and e-mail traffic to collect evidence for civil cases has also become very significant. This course provides an introduction to the carrying out of forensic computing investigations. A two-pronged approach is taken; students are taught both the basics of searching a computer for relevant data, and also about legislation regarding the admissibility of electronic evidence. The target audience consists of lawyers and law enforcement officers who must work alongside IT security experts, to enable them to understand the key concepts and to manage the transformation of data collected into a legal case. This course will also benefit information technology professionals who wish to train in aspects of computer security; judges; magistrates and others who are required to make decisions about such cases; and fraud prevention officers, particularly from financial institutions. The course covers: Computer vulnerabilities and computer crime;

39. ACPO Good Practice Guide For Computer Based Electronic Evidence Computer based electronic evidence is no different from text contained within The criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996 (CPIA) came into force http://www.4law.co.il/Lea92.htm

1 October 2003. Source: http://www.4law.co.il/Lea92b.pdf ACPO Version: http://www.4law.co.il/Lea92.pdf 51 pages. This is a UK`s NHTCU publication Good Practice Guide for Computer based Electronic Evidence Association of Chief Police Officers Application of this Guide When reading and applying the principles of this guide, any reference made to NHTCU also includes the National Hi-Tech Crime Unit for Scotland (NHTCUS) and the Police Service for Northern Ireland (PSNI) unless otherwise indicated. This is so that the anomalies between the different legal system and legislation within Scotland, and the differences in procedures between England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are included. It also makes this guide a national United Kingdom document. Details in this guide are designed to ensure good practice when collecting computer based electronic evidence; guidelines are not intended for use when dealing with evidence produced by witnesses from third party computer systems. The guidelines in this document relate to: Personnel attending crime scenes or making initial contact with a victim Also, when securing, seizing and transporting equipment from search scenes with a view to recovering computer based electronic evidence as well as in the identification of the information needed to investigate a high tech crime.

40. Wisconsin Department Of Justice Division of criminal investigation. James R. Warren, Administrator When aninvestigation involves a computer or electronic media, a duplicate image of http://www.doj.state.wi.us/dci/tech/

@import url("/css/doj.css"); Skip Navigation DOJ Home Attorney General Office ... /Public Records Division of Criminal Investigation James R. Warren, Administrator INVESTIGATIVE SERVICES BUREAU The Investigative Services Bureau provides specialized investigative support services to the Division of Criminal Investigation and to law enforcement agencies statewide. The bureau is divided into functional areas: Intelligence Analysis Section Investigative Records Section Covert Surveillance Section Computer Crimes Unit ... Wisconsin Clearinghouse for Missing and Exploited Children Intelligence Analysis Section The Intelligence Analysis Section provides analysis and specialized investigative support to enhance the efforts of the Division of Criminal Investigation and other law enforcement agencies in Wisconsin. Experienced criminal intelligence analysts and specialized analytical software are available upon request to provide case specific operational and tactical analysis to aid in case development and assist with prosecution. Analytical services are normally free of charge to Wisconsin law enforcement agencies and prosecutors for investigations of all crime types. Investigative Records Section The Records Section is a component of the High Technology and Analytical Services Bureau. It provides information gathering, program support and background searches, and also manages the investigative records for DCI.

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