81. Fresno County Public Library - Children - Homework Help - Social Studies Mummies of ancient egypt http//www.si.umich.edu/CHICO/mummy/ Learn aboutthe people who first arrived in America 12000 years ago. http://www.fresnolibrary.org/child/hwch/socialst.html

Skip to Content Welcome Catalog Teens ... Children Quick Links - Select a Link Site Map Search the Net eKids Encyclopedias/Research Tools eTeachers Library Card School Visits Infant/Toddler Lapsit Preshool Storytime Children's Home Homework Help SOCIAL STUDIES Social Studies Fact Cards Age of Exploration American History Ancient Civilizations ... United States Government Social Studies Fact Cards Social Studies Fact Cards: In-library use http://online.toucanvalley.com/ A wide selection of important information on California, U.S., and World History helpful for completing homework assignments. Social Studies Fact Cards: Access from outside the library You will need to enter your Fresno County library card number to access from outside the library. Back to top Age of Exploration Discovering the Americas http://library.thinkquest.org/C001692/english/index.php3?subject=home Biographies and information on Christopher Columbus, Lewis and Clark, and other explorers of America. Explorers of the World http://www.bham.wednet.edu/BIO/explore.htm This site provides information on explorers of land, sky, art, and ideas. Back to top American History 13 Originals http://www.timepage.org/spl/13colony.html

82. Part 4 He had looked at the history of people of African origin, and had showed how of egyptian history written by European writers such as, ancient egypt, http://www.africawithin.com/clarke/part40f10.htm

Education for a New Reality in the African World by John Henrik Clarke Part 4 of 10 African Historiography Joel A. Rogers, a Jamaican scholar, whose work in the field of African world biography is still not appreciated as well as it should be by blacks, is comparatively unknown by whites. The following quote is from my Introduction to the re-publication of his book, World's Great Men of Color "J. A. Rogers devoted at least fifty years of his life to researching great black personalities and the roles they played in the development of nations, civilizations, and cultures. This book is his greatest achievement. In his lifetime his books did not reach a large popular reading audience. All of them were privately printed and circulated mainly in the black communities; he died, unfortunately, on the eve of the "Black Studies Revolution." Mr. Rogers had already delivered what some of the radical black students were demanding. He had looked at the history of people of African origin, and had showed how their history is an inseparable part of the history of mankind. J. A. Rogers started his research at a time when a large number of black people had some doubts about their contribution to human history. In books like

83. Proussakov, Nature And Man In Ancient Egypt The extent of our knowledge about the ecology of ancient egypt allows us to The mass migration of people from the submerging Delta into Upper egypt in http://xoomer.virgilio.it/francescoraf/hesyra/cached/Proussakov-nature.htm

EARLY DYNASTIC EGYPT Proussakov, Dmitriy Borisovich . Nature and Man in Ancient Egypt. Moscow: "Moskovskiy Litsei", 1999. DOWNLOAD this summary as a doc file HERE SUMMARY Environmental interpretations of social history have become a matter of growing scientific interest. In this respect, pharaonic Egypt is among the richest as well as unique fields of research: besides the Nile Valley, there were few regions in the ancient world where everyday interdependence of man and nature has been so close and effective a factor in the social and political genesis. The extent of our knowledge about the ecology of Ancient Egypt allows us to begin a dynamic reconstruction of the environmental conditions during the emergence of pharaonic civilization as well as through its several thousand-year evolution. At the same time, the importance and true range of natural processes which influenced Ancient Egyptian history have yet to be sufficiently estimated. In other words, the environment in its transformations has never been interpreted by scholars as one of the main characters in the "dramatic theater" of pharaonic civilization. This can partly be explained by the omission of relevant information or, even, the use of obsolescent scientific data. Examples of this include, among others, information on the changes of the Holocene climate. This monograph presents an important first step in the socio-ecological history of Ancient Egypt in the chronological limits from the Fourth to Second Millennium BC (all dates in this Summary are calendar).

84. Ancient World KMT A Modern Journal of ancient egypt http//www.egyptology.com/kmt Tomb ofthe Chihuahua pharaohs http//members.aol.com/crakkrjack/index.html http://mciu.org/~spjvweb/stuworld.html

Ancient History Ancient Anthropology Ancient China World Ancient Egypt Ancient Greece ... Explorers Ancient World: General *Ancient and Classical Civilizations: Multnomah Homework Center http://www.multnomah.lib.or.us/lib/homework/anchsthc.html Ancient Atlas http://ancienthistory.about.com/homework/ancienthistory/library/bl/bl_maps_index.htm Ancient History Sourcebooks http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ Ancient Olympics http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/Olympics/ Ancient World Web http://www.julen.net/ancient/ ArchNet http://archnet.uconn.edu/regions/ Argos http://argos.evansville.edu/ Bits O' History Ancient Links http://www.schoolmarm.org/historybits/ancient/ Code of Hammurabi http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/medieval/hammenu.htm Collapse: Why Do Civilizations Fall? http://www.learner.org/exhibits/collapse/ Costume Page http://members.aol.com/nebula5/tcpinfo2.html#history Costumer's Manifesto http://www.costumes.org/pages/costhistpage.htm Cultures http://www.cultures.com/ Daily Life in Ancient Civilizations http://members.aol.com/Donnclass/indexlife.html Dewey Browse: Ancient Civilizations http://www.sau29.k12.nh.us/library/Dewey/ancientcivilization.htm

85. Mad Papers, Term Papers, Vol.9, Pg.5, 050921 Extensive history of the Jewish people from the 7th century until present times Mesopotamia and ancient egypt , 2004. An overview of the environment and http://www.madpapers.snrinfo.net/lib/essay/9_5.html

Papers [77-95] of 303 :: [Page 5 of 16] :: Go to page: Term Paper #51895 Add to Cart (You can always remove it later) Social Status in Ancient Cities A discussion into the contributions of various factors into the determination of social status within the ancient cities of the Romans and Greeks. 3,600 words ( approx. 14.4 pages ), 10 sources, APA, Click here to show/hide Paper Summary Abstract This paper reviews gender, class, money, military purpose, citizenship, behaviour - including hubris and sycophancy and patronage, as different facets determining social class in Ancient Greece and Rome. The range of subjects discussed span over the Greek, Hellenistic and Roman periods, including different examples from many different cities. From the Paper: "Throughout this essay, it is pertinent to realise that the idea of public and private spheres is an 18th Century premise with no basis in the Ancient world where privacy and community overlapped and were not separate 'worlds', rather, there were degrees of closeness. In establishing those inside and outside of the social hierarchy this overlap causes considerable confusion in evaluating factors for status. It would be remise to view women as lack any social status because of lack of political rights; women still played a very important role within society." Term Paper #51893 Add to Cart (You can always remove it later) Graeco-Roman Cities An exploration of the distinctive, common characteristics of the cities of the Graeco-Roman world.

86. Egypt: History In the table entitled Dynasties of ancient egypt, the numbers of the dynasties are THE MIND OF egypt HISTORY AND MEANING IN THE TIME OF THE pharaohs) http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0857911.html

in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Daily Almanac for Sep 21, 2005 Skip Navigation Home Almanacs ... Word of the Day Editor's Favorites Hispanic Heritage Month Hurricane Katrina Daylight Saving Time Ramadan ... Mississippi Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map College Center Scholarship Search College Resources Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips Sponsored Links TripAdvisor Egypt (Africa) google_ad_client = 'pub-1894504138907931'; google_ad_width = 120; google_ad_height = 240; google_ad_format = '120x240_as'; google_ad_type = 'text'; google_ad_channel =''; google_color_border = ['336699','B4D0DC','DFF2FD','B0E0E6']; google_color_bg = ['FFFFFF','ECF8FF','DFF2FD','FFFFFF']; google_color_link = ['0000FF','0000CC','0000CC','000000']; google_color_url = ['008000','008000','008000','336699']; google_color_text = ['000000','6F6F6F','000000','333333']; Encyclopedia Egypt History The Ancient Empire of the Nile Palermo stone are engraved with the records of the kings of the first five dynasties. The great papyrus dumps offer an enormous amount of information, especially on the later periods of ancient Egyptian history.

87. Harvard - The Harbus Online ancient Egyptians were able to construct a pyramid with perfect geometric It is an aweinspiring complex to which ancient pharaohs continuously added on http://www.harbus.org/news/2003/02/03/News/Highlights.From.Egypt.Trek-358425.sht

document.write(''+''); Current Issue: document.write(currentissuedayname + ', ' + currentissuemonthname + ' ' + currentissueday + ', ' + currentissueyear); News Sports Home Login ... Buy a 2004 Yearbook Subscribe to the Harbus var story_id = 358425; Home News Highlights from Egypt Trek By Jo Navarro (OK), Special Contributor Published: Monday, February 3, 2003 If there is one thing that can put life into perspective, it is seeing gigantic buildings and monuments built by extraordinary people five thousand years ago. Visiting Egypt makes you realize that, basically, your life is meaningless. You realize that there is no point worrying about little things like reading cases and securing employment. It also makes you thankful that, because of HBS, you can visit foreign countries and be hosted by locals who can show you the country through their eyes. In our case, Amira El-Adawi (OG) did a marvelous job organizing a Trek, packing as many sights and activities as humanly possible into only 10 days, and showing us her Egypt. Day 1-Cairo.

88. World History egyptology Resources ancient egypt Web Site with links. The Classics Archivesfeatures, among others, such notable pieces as Homer s Iliad and Odyssey http://www.d230.org/stagg/LiskaLinks/worldhistory.htm

General Topics Ancient World Ancient Egypt Ancient Greece ... Age of Exploration General Topics Best of the History Web Sites - Large site which categorizes history web sites. Very good place to begin. BBC World History Web Site - Focus on Britain and Europe, well worth a visit. Non Western World History Resources And Links - Part of Social Studies Web Resources - Site Contains Extensive Links History for Kids.org - Good basic reference information here, multiple topics. World History Compass - Massive site with links to a great number of world history related world wide web site. This site is worth a visit. Wars of the World - A database of information on wars that have occurred in the past two centuries. North Park University - World History Chronology Referencing Site - If you like to see a sharp chronology of world history with many referencing links....this is the site to see. Eyewitness - History through the eyes of those who lived it - Unique way of presenting World and USA history events. HyperHistoryOnLine - 3,000 years of history through life lines, time lines and maps. A very large site.

89. H-Net Review: Ronald J. Leprohon The shorter book, ancient egypt , begins with an introduction that tells us about people of the black land )all the way to GraecoRoman egypt. http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=13681998322580

90. H-Net Review: Ronald J. Leprohon The second book, The Atlas of ancient egypt , is similar in content, althoughmuch more people of the black land )all the way to GraecoRoman egypt. http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=13845998322668

91. Egypt. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 people. The vast majority of egypt’s inhabitants live in the Nile valley and delta, In the table entitled Dynasties of ancient egypt, the numbers of the http://www.bartleby.com/65/eg/Egypt.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia See also: Egypt Factbook PREVIOUS NEXT CONTENTS ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Egypt pt) ( KEY ) , Arab.

92. Perfection Learning: Cover-to-Cover Informational Books Reviews Mercury and other toxins poison the land, water and air, leaving the reader Perfection Learning s ancient egypt helps readers in upper elementary/middle http://www.perfectionlearning.com/news/reviews/inform.adp

Title Author Item No Subject Advanced Product Samplers and Research Notes Accelerated Reader ... About Perfection Learning Informational Books Reviews American History, 19th Century Tarnished Legacy: The Story of the Comstock Lode by Ellen Hopkins American History, 20th Century I American Justice: Seven Famous Trials of the 20th Century by L.L. Owens Grades 6-8. There's enough drama in the seven famous trials described in this entry in the Cover-to-Cover series to ensure that young readers won't want to put this book down. Without sensationalizing, Owens paints a vivid, sometimes horrific picture of the criminal mind at its worst. Beginning with Leopold and Loeb's kidnap and murder of Bobby Franks, the book shares stark details, with bulleted facts that make easy, yet gripping reading. Encapsulated case-file facts, excerpted courtroom testimonies, and plenty of photos and sketches add to the appeal of the book, which in both format and reading level (if, arguably, not content) will speak to middle-school readers as well as to older reluctant readers. Other trials include the Lindbergh baby's kidnapping, the gruesome Tate-LaBianca murders, and Brown v. Board of Education.

93. DISCOVER EGYPT Aswan, egypt s sunniest southern city and ancient frontier town, Temple ofLuxor Built by the two pharaohs Amenhotep III and Ramses II. http://www.aucegypt.edu/students/rotaract/egypt.htm

DISCOVER D-2450 EGYPT HISTORY Flag Description: Three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with the national emblem (a shield superimposed on a golden eagle facing the hoist side above a scroll bearing the name of the country in Arabic) centered in the white band; similar to the flag of Yemen, which has a plain white band; also similar to the flag of Syria, which has two green stars, and to the flag of Iraq, which has three green stars (plus an Arabic inscription) in a horizontal line centered in the white band. Nominally independent from the UK in 1922, Egypt acquired full sovereignty following World War II. The completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 and the resultant Lake Nasser have altered the time-honored place of the Nile river in the agriculture and ecology of Egypt. A rapidly growing population (the largest in the Arab world), limited arable land, and dependence on the Nile all continue to overtax resources and stress society. The government has struggled to ready the economy for the new millennium through economic reform and massive investment in communications and physical infrastructure. GOVERNMENT Country name: conventional long form: Arab Republic of Egypt conventional short form: Egypt local short form: Misr former: United Arab Republic (with Syria)

94. Archeoastronomy The ancient Egyptians seem to have known an astounding amount about the He further suggests that upon the prediction of such events, the people hid in http://www.barnesreview.org/July_2004/Archeoastronomy/archeoastronomy.html

Supplemental Book Listing Why Civilizations Self-destruct The New German Reichs- chancellery, $39.95 ... Thinkers of the Right: Challenging Materialism, $25 Volume X, Number 4 - July/August 2004 Archeoastronomy of the Ancient Egyptians By John Tiffany T The Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, Astronomy and Spaceflight A star that approaches the Sun to within roughly the distance of the Oort Cloud might increase the rate of comet passages near the Earth by a factor of 300 for 2 to 3 million years, so greatly increasing the risk of a catastrophic impact. Astronomers believe there may well exist also interstellar comets, attached to no star, whizzing around in the galaxy at incredible speeds, perhaps heading our way. A typical solar system comet might have a velocity of 150,000 miles per hour when it nears the Earth. The kinetic energy is so tremendous that an impact would be comparable to a hydrogen bomb explosion for even a very small comet. We could be nearing the end of what is already beginning to look like an atypical and overlong period of quiescence.

95. The Egyptian State Information Service The ancient Egyptians were bent on documenting events and occurences of their Over history, the Egyptian people have always been typically known for http://www.sis.gov.eg/yb2001f/ehtml/ch02.htm

History and Civilization The history of Egypt is a fundamental part of the history of human civilization. Through the interaction between Egypt’s unique geographical location and the creativity and exersion of ancient Egyptians, an unmatched civilization was born and sustained, producing boundless, unparalleled and invaluable inventions, discoveries and masterpieces in science, architecture and arts that had astounded scientists and scholars around the world. Characteristically, the Egyptian civilization is generally known for its serial continuity from epoch to epoch, each leaving its fingerprints on the mind and ethos of successive generations of Egyptians. Of all the nations of the ancient world, Egypt was the first to devise the rules of writing when they created hieroglyphic letters and signs. The ancient Egyptians were bent on documenting events and occurences of their times. Through this great cultural feat, Egypt could easily move from prehistoric ages to become the first country in the world with a written history and stable systems. That is why it was recognized, by all standards, as the mother civilization for all humanity. Egypt had aslo a prominent role in the history of all heavenly religions. It was the favoured destination and safe haven for God’s Messengers and Prophets. The father of God’s messengers and prophets Ibrahim (peace be upon him) landed in Egypt where he married as-Sayeda Hager. There also came Prophet Yousof (peace be upon him) who was raised to the status of minister. Later, he was followed by his father Yu’coub (Jacob). Furthermore, it was on the land of Egypt that God Almighty spoke to His Messenger Mousa (Moses) (peace be upon him).

96. ÇáßÊÇÈ ÇáÓäæì áÚÇã 2002 The Ptolemies used to appear in official ceremonies in pharaohs’ apparel. As ancient Egyptians were familiar with music, a unique art of church music, http://www.sis.gov.eg/public/yearbook/2002/html/02.htm

Chapter 2 History and Civilization The history of Egypt is a fundamental part of the history of human civilization. Through the interaction between Egypt’s unique geographical location and the creativity and exertion of ancient Egyptians, an unmatched civilization was born and sustained, producing boundless, unparalleled and invaluable inventions, discoveries and masterpieces in science, architecture and arts that had astounded scientists and scholars around the world. Characteristically, the Egyptian civilization is generally known for its serial continuity from epoch to epoch, each leaving its fingerprints on the mind and ethos of successive generations of Egyptians. Of all the nations of the ancient world, Egypt was the first to devise the rules of writing when they created hieroglyphic letters and signs. The ancient Egyptians were bent on documenting events and occurrences of their times. Through this great cultural feat, Egypt could easily move from prehistoric ages to become the first country in the world with a written history and stable systems. That is why it was recognized, by all standards, as the mother civilization for all humanity. Egypt had also a prominent role in the history of all heavenly religions. It was the favoured destination and safe haven for God’s messengers and prophets. The father of God’s messengers and prophets, Ibrahim peace be upon him landed in Egypt where he married as-Sayeda Hager. There also came Prophet Joseph (peace be upon him) who was raised to the status of minister. Later, he was followed by his father Jacob. Furthermore, it was on the land of Egypt that God Almighty spoke to His Messenger Moses (peace be upon him).

97. Arab Nationalism -- Facts, Info, And Encyclopedia Article The name United Arab Republic continued to be used by egypt until 1971, Definitions of Arab sometimes vary; see (A member of a Semitic people http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/a/ar/arab_nationalism.htm

Arab nationalism [Categories: Arab nationalism] Arab nationalism refers to a common (An advocate of national independence of or a strong national government) nationalist ideology in wider (A member of a Semitic people originally from the Arabian peninsula and surrounding territories who speaks Arabic and who inhabits much of the Middle East and northern Africa) Arab (Click link for more info and facts about Pan-Arabism) Pan-Arabism is a related concept, which calls for the creation of a single Arab state, but not all Arab nationalist are also Pan-Arabists. Arab independence refers to the concept of the removal or minimization of direct Western influence in the Middle East, and the dissolution of regimes in the Arab world which are considered to be dependent upon favorability with the West to the detriment of their local populations. Immediately prior to the (A war between the allies (Russia, France, British Empire, Italy, United States, Japan, Rumania, Serbia, Belgium, Greece, Portugal, Montenegro) and the central powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria) from 1914 to 1918) First World War , before the end of the (A Turkish sultanate of southwestern Asia and northeastern Africa and southeastern Europe; created by the Ottoman Turks in the 13th century and lasted until the end of World War I; although initially small it expanded until it superseded the Byzantine Empi)

98. The Racial Makeup Of The Original Egyptians Most Egyptologists would argue that the ancient Egyptians were an ethnic groupof the (Menes, about 3100 BC, was the first of the Egyptian pharaohs. http://www.churchofthesonsofyhvh.org/racial_makeup_of_the_original_eg.htm

The Racial Makeup of the Original Egyptians The “afrocentric” view of the history of Egypt matched against the facts is not only interesting to all historical Revisionists but vividly displays a lesson to present-day Americans. Are we following the same path that Egypt has chosen ? By John Tiffany Egypt is vitally important to anyone who really wants to understand the workings of history. This is a country whose saga is so long and so varied that it provides, in effect, an excellent laboratory for the science of history. Any general theory of history that holds true for 5,000 or more years of Egypt’s existence must hold true for the world at large. That is why the “afrocentric” view of Egyptian history is so alarming. Afrocentrism is a kind of pseudo-history that was concocted by those who felt that white and Asian people seemed to play too large a role in historiography. The afrocentrists decry true history as “eurocentric.” One of the fundamental ideas of the afrocentric multicultural pseudoscience is that Egypt is the source of civilization (including Greco-European civilization and the native civilizations of the New World), and that during its glory days, the people of Egypt were black. Another key idea of these so-called “melanin scholars” is that melanin, a widely distributed pigment in nature, found in all humans, has extraordinary—indeed, magical—properties that are best manifested in Negroid people. They claim (based on no evidence) that melanin is a superconductor, that it absorbs all frequencies of the electromagnetic spectrum, that it can convert sound energy to light energy and vice versa, and that it can function as a microcomputer to process information.

99. Christianity These people are rational enough about what they know how to do. Thus inancient egypt, a victim impersonated Osiris, the cornspirit, http://www.ditext.com/robertson/oc1.html

Archibald Robertson, The Origins of Christianity , International Publishers, 1954, rev. ed. 1962. CHAPTER I HOW MAN MADE GOD To many who are under the influence of traditional education it may seem that man is naturally religious. The Bible, the teaching of which is obligatory in most of our schools, depicts mankind as worshipping God from the earliest times. It is one of the commonplaces of religious teaching that the world about us proves the existence of an almighty and loving Creator, and that only perversity refuses to acknowledge and glorify him. On reflection it is evident that we are not naturally religious. Those of us who believe in a religion do so only because we were taught it. The Churches themselves recognize this fact by using their political power to enforce religious teaching in our schools. Not only so, but the religion taught would be unintelligible to people who had not attained a certain level of culture. To take an obvious example, the first article of the Apostles' Creed affirms belief in "God the Father Almighty". The word "father" is at once intelligible to us, but would be unintelligible to primitive savages. There was a time when man was unacquainted with the fact of paternity; in fact some tribes are unacquainted with it today. Man was always a social animal. Unless he had been, he would not have survived in the struggle for existence against beasts of prey and the rigours of climate. The basic difference between primitive, barbaric and civilized society is in productive equipment and the social relations to which this gives rise. Take away from man the steam and electric power of modern industrialism; take away the printing press, mariner's compass and fire-arms of early capitalism; take away the art of writing evolved in ancient civilization; take away even the pastoral, agricultural and metallurgical arts achieved by prehistoric barbarism and man is back on the primitive level.

100. Saturday 6 August 2005 Home About IDSC About EIP Feedback Site Map Not only this but, egypt was the first country in the ancient time that introduced ancient egyptians were committed to documenting and recording their http://www.idsc.gov.eg/English/Egypt/history_info.asp

Wednesday 21 September 2005 Home About IDSC About EIP Feedback ... New users Site Search Map of Egypt The Cabinet Members General Information History and Civilization ... Tourism in Egypt Choose Issue State Budget Public Debt Government Subsidies Investments Banking External Transactions Population and Labor Force Health Education Industrial Development Tourism Development New Urban Communities Energy and Electricity Agriculture and Irrigation Markets and Domestic Trade Transportations Insurance and Social Affairs Justice, Security and politics Environment EIP Monthly Bulletin National Data Bulletin Global Market Trends Economy Trends ... Egypt Net Directory The Arab Republic of Egypt Pharaohnic Age The Old Kingdom (2980-2475 B.C.) The Egyptian civilization was developed in this period when the principles of central governance were established. This era witnessed comprehensive revival in all aspects of life; Hieroglyphic writing was devised, Kings were devoted to securing the borders, and trade activities between Egypt and Sudan became vigorous. Egypt then embarked on one of the most glorious periods in its history when the Pyramids were built starting by the Sakkara pyramid. With the flourishing of agriculture and industry, the first river Nile fleet was introduced by the Egyptians to transport their products. Navigation became one of the organized crafts that Old Egypt was famous for. The Middle Kingdom Kings of the Middle Kingdom were concerned with implementing projects that benefit the people. Therefore, agriculture prospered and handicrafts flourished. Egyptian artists and engineers produced a great heritage that spread to Luxor, Fayoum, and Ein Shams. Art and literature during the same period also prospered. The age ended by the invasion and occupation of Egypt by the Hyksos.

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