81. DROUGHT MANAGEMENT PLAN - INTRODUCTION the water Conservation Plan, and the drought management Plan. This documentrevises the City of Phoenix drought management Plan of 1990. http://phoenix.gov/WATER/drtintro.html

Searches Service Directory Word Search Calendar Maps Quick Links Airport/Sky Harbor City Jobs Departments A-Z Garbage/Recycling Mayor/City Council Online Services Public Meetings Public Safety What's New Mailing Lists This page requires JavaScript for full functionality. You may enable JavaScript through your browser's settings. Discover Phoenix Residents Businesses City Government ... Home Introduction and Definitions Introduction Definitions Though definitions vary, drought is generally interpreted as a set of complex physical and sociological influences over a large geographical area. It is not a distinct event, such as a hurricane, a fire, or a flood, but a combination of many coincidental factors working together over a period of time. In simple terms, a drought occurs when water supplies cannot meet established demands for a period of time that cannot be defined. In its broadest sense, drought can be caused by seasonal or multi-year weather conditions, a curtailment of delivery from raw water suppliers because of water quantity or quality problems, a supply deficiency due to water supply system structural failure, or any of a number of natural or man-made situations. A supply insufficiency occurs when the water available in an area is not sufficient to meet immediate unrestricted demand. While drought is usually systemic and regional in nature and of indeterminable length, a supply insufficiency may be system-wide or very localized, can be of relatively short duration, and may be caused by unforeseen increases in water demand or failure of a localized part of the storage or delivery system to provide a sufficient unrestricted supply of water.

82. UMass Extension Turf Program: Management Updates UMass Extension Turf Program management Updates management Updates witten by water Intelligently - Apply water only as fast as it can enter the soil http://www.umassturf.org/mangement_updates/management_updates.html

Archive For previous messages, browse the archive This section of the web site features Management Updates written by the turf specialists of the UMass Extension Turf Program. The messages cover local problems, are geared toward local conditions, and are posted frequently during the growing season. The most current message appears below; click into the archive at the right to see previous messages Join our free e-mail list to receive notification whenever an update is posted. Latest Message Date: September 16, 2005 Category: Insects Subject: Wireworms Several of our faithful readers have reported an unusual situation - they are seeing wireworms in turf settings and seeing damage as a result of these insects. Wireworms normally are not a major problem in turf but apparently something about this summer has been to their liking. Wireworms are the larvae of click beetles. Wireworms are quite slender, often yellow to brown, and relatively hard-bodied and somewhat flattened. They range in size from 0.25 to 1.5 inches. They can be found in many different kinds of soil, and may be present at any time of year. We often see a few wireworms when we are digging for grubs but have never associated them with damage. The adults are "click beetles" - somewhat elongated beetles that have a special structure on the underside that enables the beetle to flip up in the air, ostensibly away from harm. The beetle makes a clicking noise when engaging this "spring". Most click beetles are about 0.5 inch long.

83. Ohio Agronomy Guide, Water Management Efficient water management is perhaps the most important aspect of crop production . eroded knobs, and other droughtprone soils should be reduced. http://ohioline.osu.edu/b472/water.html

Ohio Agronomy Guide Bulletin 472 Water Management Efficient water management is perhaps the most important aspect of crop production. Crop yields are affected adversely by the presence of too much or too little water, and unfortunately, many Ohio farmers are faced with both problems in the same year. Thus, soil drainage and moisture conservation are both extremely important management concerns in the state. Researchers at Coshocton (USDA ARS) have shown that Ohio crops use the following amounts of water during a typical growing season: Corn: 20-22 inches Wheat: 12-15 inches Meadow: 18-26 inches In a typical year, precipitation exceeds crop requirements in winter, spring, and autumn. During the summer, however, crop needs may exceed precipitation, and the crop relies on water stored in the soil from previous rains. Therefore, the ideal water management system allows maximum intake and storage of water in the soil profile while providing a means of draining excess water quickly from the field. Surface Drainage Surface drainage is a low-cost method of removing excess water, and if properly designed and installed, requires little maintenance. Surface drainage may be the only practical method of draining soils with high clay contents and impermeable layers at shallow depth. Three principle methods of surface drainage are: (1) land grading, or shaping the land surface to allow movement of excess water evenly from the surface and to remove small depressions or "wet spots;" (2) surface drains and channels to remove concentrated flows of water; and (3) ridge tillage to raise the seed above the zone of saturation.

84. Water Resources Department Drought And Water Conservation drought White Paper water Conservation or Curtailment Plans fit well withthese drought mitigation authorities water management and Conservation Plans http://www.oregon.gov/OWRD/WR/drought_conservation.shtml

Text-Only Site State Directory Agencies A-Z Accessibility ... Water Rights Drought and Water Conservation Residential Water Users Municipal Water Users Agricultural Water Users Commercial/Industrial Water Users ... Other Links Residential Water Users What can I do? We can all do our part to lessen the effects of limited water supplies expected this summer. We can start by conserving the water we use today. Lawn and Garden: Outdoor water use accounts for almost half the water used by the American home, and thus provides the greatest single opportunity for conserving. Water early in the morning before 10:00 a.m. Watering in the heat of the day allows the water to evaporate and watering late in the day may promote fungus and other lawn diseases. Time how long it takes to apply one inch of water by placing a flat-bottomed can about 6-feet away from the sprinkler. Do not mow lawns too short; taller grass requires less water. Consider letting your lawn brown out. It will come back. Alternative Water Supply, Emergency Water, Soft Water, Chemical Free Water (from Plastmo). City of Bend water conservation page.

85. Institute Of Water And Flood Management WFM 6301 Agricultural water management. soilplant-water relations; waterrequirement of crops; Cropping pattern; Irrigation of lowland rice and upland http://teacher.buet.ac.bd/diriwfm/content.htm

Administration Faculty Research Academic ... Contacts Course Content WFM 5101: Watershed Hydrology Hydrology and watershed; Hydrologic cycle; Rainfall-runoff; Hydrometry; Water balance in watershed; Hydrologic processes in different land covers: agricultural, forest, urban, floodplain and wetlands; Watershed models; Climate change; Effects of landuse change in watershed. WFM 5102: Soils and Soil Water Physical properties of soil; Classification of soil; Agroecological zones; Soil-air-water interactions; Water movement in soil; Soil-plant interactions; Soil colloids; Nutrient availability and soil water regimes; Micronutrients; Soil salinity; Soil strength, compaction and consolidation; Soil pressure; Soil erosion and conservation. WFM 5103: Hydrogeology and Groundwater Subsurface environment; Water bearing properties of rocks and soils; Principles of groundwater movement; Recharge; Groundwater withdrawal; Groundwater quality; Groundwater in coastal zones; Hydrogeological mapping; Groundwater management; Conjunctive use; Groundwater models; Groundwater development in Bangladesh. WFM 5201: Data Management and Statistical Analysis Data requirement for water resources development; Sources of data; Remote sensing; Geographical Information System; Data testing; Data generation; Statistics; Descriptive statistics; Frequency analysis; Inferential statistics; Correlation and regression; Time series analysis.

86. Yard And Garden Water Management When fertilizing a lawn, make sure soil water is adequate. Under good watermanagement, you can expect to replace no more than 50 percent of this. http://www.montana.edu/wwwpb/pubs/mt8915.html

The Montana State University Extension Service is an educational resource dedicated to improving the quality of people's lives by providing research-based knowledge to strengthen the social, economic and environmental well-being of families, communities and agricultural enterprises. Take a look at more of our free publications or visit the Montana State University home page. Would you like a printable version of this MontGuide? Click here MontGuide fact sheet MT 198915 Agriculture Yard and Garden Water Management Larry Hoffman, Extension Agent for Lewis and Clark County Jeff Jacobsen, Extension Soils Scientist Kevin Laughlin, Former Extension Agent for Toole County Mike Vogel, Extension Housing and Home Energy Specialist Terry Wolfe, 4-H Specialist Do you take water for granted, or do you carefully manage your water to benefit your yard and garden plants as well as your pocketbook? Improper water use and irrigation scheduling waste millions of gallons of water. Water may be scarcest during the very time plants need it mostfrom April to September. Whenever water restrictions occur, homeowners become concerned about the survival of their trees, ornamental shrubs, flowers, gardens and lawns. Not only does limited water threaten their survival, but water-stressed plants are more susceptible to insects, diseases, and winterkill than healthy plants. Since landscape plants gain in valueboth sentimental and monetaryover the years, no one wants to risk losing them. Efficient Water Management Tips General yard and garden:

87. When Necessary, "Just-in-Time" Irrigating Can Save Water MSU Extension soil and water Quality Specialist Irrigation water management When and How Much to Irrigate MontGuide MT8901AG. http://www.montana.edu/wwwpb/ag/irrigate.html

Campus Business Agriculture Nature/Resources ... Students Montana State University Communications Services When Necessary, "Just-in-Time" Irrigating can Save Water By Jim Bauder MSU Extension Soil and Water Quality Specialist BOZEMAN "You can irrigate more acres with less water and not lower crop yields if the applications are well-timed, says a Montana State University Extension specialist. "Timing is the key when water is limited," says Jim Bauder, Extension water quality specialist. When you get the best water use, you can use water and equipment elsewhere. Seed-producing crops like wheat, barley, corn, sunflowers and beans typically respond more to irrigations at a particular stage of development, says Bauder. Yields of sugar beets, potatoes, alfalfa and grasses are more directly related to heat and cumulative water use than to stress at particular growth stage. Crops like grain and oilseeds typically are sensitive during heading, flowering and pollination. Drought stress that occurs between seed development and maturity also limits yield, but to a lesser degree. These same crops are relatively insensitive to drought during the early vegetative period. Tuber and root crops are relatively insensitive to moderate drought stress for short intervals throughout the entire crop growing season. Crops like potatoes, sugar beets, alfalfa and pasture, quickly recover from short stress periods with little reduction in yields.

88. NRCS National Water And Climate Center - Home Additional soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) Sites Installed. With droughtincreasing in frequency and intensity, it is critically important to improve http://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/

NWCC Home About Us Products ... Contact Us Search Water and Climate Information Water Supply Forecasts SCAN Data Network SNOTEL Data Network Snow Course Data Network ... NRCS Climate Products Conservation Planning Information Animal Waste Management Nutrient Management Pest Management Salinity Management ... Water Quality Quick Access Electronic Government Employment Employee Directory Farm Bill ... National Centers Welcome to the NRCS Weekly Report - Snowpack / Drought Monitor Update Snowpacks have melted-out for water year 2005. Accumulated seasonal precipitation was extremely low in the Pacific Northwest and extremely high in the Southwest. Many SNOTEL stations with records of greater than 20 years in the Oregon and Washington Cascades report seasonal precipitation values in the lowest 5% of historical record, while the Southwest SNOTEL stations report seasonal precipitation values in the highest 95% of historical record. More Info Additional Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) Sites Installed With drought increasing in frequency and intensity, it is critically important to improve our understanding of how soil moisture interacts with climate. Recently, there have been several additional soil moisture and temperature monitoring sites added to the SCAN data network. These sites are located in

89. Proper Grazing Management Can Minimize Severity Of Problems During Drought Biologically effective grazing management that improves plant health can help reduce Several methods are used to measure drought severity and compare http://www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu/dickinso/research/2004/range04x.htm

var sc_project=480998; var sc_partition=3; 2005 Annual Report Grassland Section Dickinson Research Extension Center 1089 State Avenue Dickinson, ND 58601 Click Here for Printer Friendly version Proper Grazing Management Can Minimize Severity of Problems during Drought Llewellyn L. Manske PhD, Range Scientist Amy M. Kraus, Composition Assistant Rich Mattern, Agriculture Communication Editor North Dakota State University Dickinson Research Extension Center Biologically effective grazing management that improves plant health can help reduce the severity of problems beef producers encounter during drought conditions, says a North Dakota State University range scientist. “Drought is a recurring natural phenomenon in the Northern Plains, with western North Dakota experiencing drought growing seasons about twice in every twelve-year period. The occurrence of drought conditions in 16 percent of growing seasons makes proper management of perennial grasses critical to the success of beef operations. Managing grasslands to enhance plant health prepares perennial grasses to withstand water stress and helps to minimize the herbage reductions that occur during the region's frequent periods of low-normal or below-normal precipitation,” says Lee Manske, a range scientist at NDSU's Dickinson Research Extension Center. Drought can be simply understood as a period of low rainfall. However, drought is an ambiguous concept that is difficult to define, and drought's effects on vegetation are difficult to quantify. The degree to which a specific departure from normal precipitation levels affects vegetation varies with geographic region, time of year, and condition of plant health.

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