61. MY TEACHERS PAGE This web site has numerous special and general Education Links. This site isfrom the special needs Education (SNE) project, an Internet service http://www.eagle.ca/~matink/teacher.html

Home Page Ontario Curriculum Libraries Just For Kids ... Themes TEACHER RESOURCES During the year, I will be adding resources for teachers to this site. These resources will be teaching tools and topics that will cover many facets of education. If you have additional sites that you have found to be useful or any topics that you would like me to research and display the results here, please use the handy e-mail link to send them to me. I would also appreciate you letting me know if any of the listed links are no longer active in order for me to keep these pages as up-to-date as possible. Table of Contents Special Education General Special Education Sites Attention Deficit Disorder Behaviour Exceptionalities Communication Learning Disabled ... Holidays Page Special Education General Special Education Sites Special Education - BC - On-line Documents This site has several on-line resource documents for teachers. Topics include: Visual Impairments, Hearing Loss, Gifted Education, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, etc. CEC ERIC Clearinghouse on Disabilities and Gifted Education ERIC EC gathers and disseminates the professional literature, information, and resources on the education and development of individuals of all ages who have disabilities and/or who are gifted. This site has a wealth of information!

62. American Red Cross- Medical Concerns Tips for People With special needs Concerns. general Information EmergencyHealth schools, day care centers, for other family or household members. http://www.redcross.org/services/disaster/beprepared/mobileprogs.html

Disaster Services Be Prepared Family Disaster Planning Concerns Animal Safety Financial Preparations HSAS ... Related Links Find Your Local Red Cross Enter Zip Code Here: Search Our Site Find Out Who Our Supporters Are Home Services ... Collecting Emergency Documents Get the latest Acrobat Reader to ensure error-free PDF browsing. Disaster Preparedness for People With Disabilities (PDF) Establish a Personal Support Network A personal support network is made up of individuals who will check with you in an emergency to ensure you are O.K. and to give assistance if needed. This network can consist of friends, roommates, family members, relatives, personal attendants, co-workers and neighbors. Some people rely on personal assistance services (attendants). This type of assistance may not be available after a major quake. Therefore it is vital that your personal support network consist of different people than those who are your personal attendants. If you employ a personal attendant or use the services of a home health agency or other type of in-home service, discuss with these people a plan for what you will do in case of an emergency. How will you get along in an emergency for as long as 7 days? A critical element to consider in your emergency planning is the establishment of a personal support network. Even if you do not use a personal attendant, it is important to consider having a personal support network to assist you in coping with an emergency. Do not depend on any one person.

63. Learning Support For Disabled Students: Chapter 10.3 The identification of students with disabilities and special needs, The discreteneeds of disabled students are flagged up specifically in most of the http://www2.glos.ac.uk/gdn/disabil/overview/ch10_3.htm

Previous page Table of Contents Next page Issues in Providing Learning Support for Disabled Students Undertaking Fieldwork and Related Activities Examples of Good Practice in Higher Education Institutions Offering Field Classes Preparatory meetings, discussion, explanation and materials This will be a good time to review the general guidance provided by departments on the expected conduct and responsibilities of students and staff on field classes, and mutual expectations about behaviour. Sufficient time should be allowed to do this, and to assess any medical needs. The standard health and safety guidance should be explored, and any specific points about activities reviewed. The same general approach is applicable to the provision of documentation as to other areas of the curriculum, namely that it should be as accessible as possible, and made available in different formats if necessary. Excellent practical guidance on this is contained in HEFCE's ' Guidelines for Accessible Courseware ' (February 1999), which explains both the barriers to accessibility, and gives extensive practical advice on overcoming them, particularly through the use of technology. Bold typefaces, large print, or audio-based instructions are examples. Specific issues relating to different impairments are also contained in the other guides in this series . Detailed planning will then be underpinned by appropriate understanding. A general discussion of the extent to which it is reasonable to expect the student to make arrangements, and those matters which will be covered by the department or tutor's plans, will reduce any later misunderstandings. This should include the breakdown of costs between the two parties, general principles of which are covered by the provisions of the Disability Discrimination Act (1995).

64. Sunshine School For Children With Special Needs - Bequia The SUNSHINE school for children with special needs grew out of a small schoolfor deaf children funded by the Bequia Mission of Canada. http://www.hwcn.org/~aa462/beqsunss.html

Sunshine School for Children With Special Needs - Bequia Port Elizabeth, Bequia, Saint Vincent and The Grenadines phone (784) 457-3794 Directors: Dr. Gregg Thomas (President) Camille Jacobs (Head Teacher) Edna Warburton (Secretary) Ellen Schwartz (Vice President) Susanne Gabriel (Treasurer) Newsletter January 2003 Update - September 2002 The annual auction for the benefit of the Bequia Sunshine School for Children with Special Needs is planned for Sunday January 19th, 2003. Please see the article by Nicola Redway of Outhouse Graphics at the Bequia Tourism Association website events page at URL http://www.bequiatourism.com/events.htm#sunshine Update - December 2000 - Vision and Love The Bequia Sunshine School's splendid new building was formally opened on Thursday 16 November, in the presence of former Prime Minister Sir James Mitchell, Governor General Sir Charles Antrobus, a representative from the Japanese Government, Senator McIntosh, the board of Governors, invited guests and students from the school. The Sunshine School for Children with Special Needs, which now has four full-time members of staff and 20 students, began over 18 years ago as a small school for deaf children, funded by the Bequia Mission of Canada. The school offers assistance to students with various disabilities, including mental and physical disabilities, hearing impairment and learning problems. Its curriculum utilises the basic Primary School curriculum, adapted for the special needs of individual children. Older students are also taught sewing and other household skills.

65. Resources For Disabled Or Special Needs People In The Detroit Metro Area People who are disabled or have special needs will find information relevant to them It is their mission to work collaboratively with schools, families, http://detroit.about.com/od/disabledspecialneeds/

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Detroit Metro Area Detroit Metro Area Essentials ... Help zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/7.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Detroit Metro Area newsletter! See Online Courses Search Detroit Metro Area Resources for Disabled or Special Needs People in Detroit Metro Area People who are disabled or have special needs will find information relevant to them and information about resources available to them in the Detroit Metro area. Alphabetical Recent Up a category The Student Advocacy Center SAC provides a full range of services: free individual case advocacy, technical assistance, and training for parents, students, and professionals about children’s educational entitlements and due process rights in Michigan. ARC/Downriver ARC/Downriver, in accordance with The Arc of the United States, works to improve the quality of life for children and adults with mental retardation and their families through education, research, and advocacy. Macomb-Oakland Regional Center, Inc.

66. Feature Many premier schools in the country deny admission to disabled children in violation More and more experts in special needs education are now advocating http://pib.nic.in/feature/feyr2000/fdec2000/f011220001.html

EDUCATION OF THE DISABLED: OPEN THE DOOR* Job Zachariah** A recent study conducted by the District Primary Education Programme (DPEP) reveals that out of 12 million children , only one million is attending school. Another study conducted by the Spastics Society of Tamil Nadu shows that on an average there are only six disabled children, per school in Tamil Nadu. The goal of universal elementary education cannot be achieved unless all disabled children are included in the education system. Laws on Education of the Disabled The National Policy on Education (NPE) 1986 advocates integrated education in general school for locomotor impaired children and the mildly disabled children and special education to the severely handicapped children. It also recommends orientation and pre-service training for general teachers on disability management and provision of vocational training. The Policy document says that the objective should be to integrate the physically and the mentally handicapped with the general community as equal partners to prepare them to face life with courage and confidence. All children have the right to be educated regardless of their disability or learning difficulty, because education is a human right. Exclusionary policies and practices however, are widely prevalent all over the country. Many premier schools in the country deny admission to disabled children in violation of their right to education.

67. DRC Education Campaign - Schools England And Wales When do schools need to take action? schools have a duty to all disabled pupils and Do the school s general plans take account of the need to make http://www.drc-gb.org/education/knowyourduties/schoolsenglandwales.asp

Educating for Equality Home Educating Home Email bulletin Access Options ... Contact us Search Your Duties Your Rights Legal and Casework Policy and Research ... Schools England and Wales Schools England and Wales In this section Schools DRC schools code of practice Schools England and Wales Schools in Scotland ... Frequently asked questions A guide for Schools. Part 4 of the Disability Discrimination act 1995 as amended by the Special Educational Needs and Disability act 2001. Introduction From September 2002, it will be unlawful for any school to discriminate against disabled pupils (current or prospective), and parents will have means of redress via the new SEN and Disability Tribunals and via admissions and exclusions appeal panels. These new duties sit alongside the Special Educational Needs framework and new planning duties which require LEA's to develop strategies and schools to develop plans to improve accessibility for disabled pupils over time. Together, these changes in the law and regulation are designed to provide a stronger legal framework to underpin the inclusive practice that many schools are already working towards. Schools that are committed to and striving for equal opportunities and inclusion are unlikely to face difficulties in meeting the new duties. Ofsted will be inspecting schools compliance with the new duties from September 2002. A Code of Practice has been produced including a wide range of helpful examples to illustrate the new duties. All schools will receive a copy of the Code.

68. The Child With General Learning Disability - Mental Health And Growing Up - The The child with general learning disability Mental Health and Growing Up. they have a more severe disability, they may need to go to a special school. http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/info/mhgu/newmhgu10.htm

Home College Members Publications ... Printable Version Mental Health and Growing Up, Third Edition The child with general learning disability Factsheet 10, for parents and teachers Click here to download pdf version of this leaflet Viewing PDF documents with Adobe Acrobat About this factsheet This is one in a series of factsheets for parents, teachers and young people entitled Mental Health and Growing Up . The aims of these factsheets are to provide practical, up-to-date information about mental health problems (emotional, behavioural and psychiatric disorders) that can affect children and young people. This factsheet describes what a general learning disability is and the possible causes. It also provides practical advice about the help that is available to young people with a general learning disability and their families. Introduction What is meant by learning disability?

69. MossRehab ResourceNet - Resources For The Disabled (Physically And Mentally Chal Mobility Limited videos for people with special needs. disabled DealerMagazine - national resource for buying and selling adaptive equipment online http://www.mossresourcenet.org/resources.htm

Quick Links ResourceNet Home Accessible Travel Fact Sheets I ... n The News "General Resources" Please note: The Resources area is a continuous work in progress. New links and categories will be added on a regular basis. If you would like to submit or recommend a site to be included you may Submit a URL Category Index ADA (non government) Art and Entertainment Assistive Technology Automotive ... Government Sites (U.S.) Magazines -Publications Medical Equipment/Supplies Research Specialized Disability Resources ... Uncategorized ADA (non government) JAN on the Web ADA Consultants Network Consulting Americans with Disabilities Act Document Center ADA Americans with Disabilities Act Myths and Facts Art and Entertainment artreach Access the Arts, etc ... A Guide for People with Disabilities Assistive Media Expanding the World of Reading Wired On Wheels (WOW!) check restaurants across the nation for accessibility Assistive Technology Devices State Assistive Technology Centers Arizona Technology Access Program (AzTAP) Arkansas - ICAN Colorado - CATP Connecticut - CTTAP ... AbilityHub adaptive equipment and alternative methods available for accessing computers. ABLEDATA Assistive Technology Information Access Unlimited Applied Science and Engineering Laboratories Assistive Technology, Inc.

70. Inside Higher Ed :: College And The Disabled Student Fewer disabled students went on to college than were expecting to. The highschool environment can lead special needs students to believe they can not http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2005/07/29/disabled

@import url( "/design/ihe/stylesheets/meta-normal.css" ); Print this page E-mail this page News, Views and Careers for All of Higher Education Tuesday September 20, 2005 Views News Home Sign up ... Log in Advertisement July 29 College and the Disabled Student Nearly a third of young people with disabilities have taken at least some postsecondary classes within the first two years after they leave high school, according to a U.S. Education Department study released Thursday. The study finds that disabled students over all are less than half as likely as their peers to have attended college in the two years after high school, but the college-going rate varies greatly by type of disability: Students with hearing or visual impairments are as likely as nondisabled students to have done some postsecondary work. Related stories Bienvenido in Cicero, Ill. , Sept. 7 First Generation Challenges , Aug. 10 Crash Course , Aug. 2 No Such Thing as a Free Year , July 29 Clashing Over Content and Conduct , June 20 E-mail Print The study looked at a group of students who were in high school in 2001 and who had finished or left high school two years later. Of those, 31 percent of disabled students had attended a postsecondary institution since leaving high school, although a small proportion of those were attending college exclusively (most were working, too). Nearly 20 percent of the students were attending college currently at the time the study was conducted in 2003, just under half of the proportion for the general population.

71. Homeschooling Children With Special Needs Christian Homeschool Forum s Homeschooling Your special needs Child compiled by Greenwood Institute s Home Schooling for Learning disabled Students is a http://www.geocities.com/Athens/8259/special.html

What's Inside? Home What is Homeschooling? How to Start Homeschooling Chats on the Web ... Homeschool Conferences Curriculum Support Classical Approach Montessori Education Unschooling Links Unit Studies ... Social Studies Software Support Educational Software Companies on the Internet Where to Find Software Reviews Places to Purchase Curriculum Used Curriculum Sites Homeschooling Magazines Places For The Kids Awards This Site Has Won Homeschooling Children with Special Needs ADHD has an online discussion group, The Christian ADD/ADHD Digest, and have begun placing archives online for general perusal, and info. on homeschooling the ADD/ADHD child. "I'm listowner of Aut-2B-home which specializes in homeschooling children n the autism spectrum. We've been around since 1996 supporting families walking in our shoes. Here's information about our list: Subject: How to Subscribe Tammy Glaser Parent(s) Name(s) email address Children's names, birthdates, DIFFability Town, State, Country Homeschooling methods, curriculums, expertise, general wisdom, questions. "Autism is a DIFFability, not a DISability" Sarah Miller, age 9, Asperger's Syndrome"

72. A School Zone - Special Education Page Tons Of Links. Federation for Children with special needs Web Site Projects of special SchoolsPrincipal s Association of South Australiaconference information, etc. http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Plains/6097/special.html

Index Home About webmaster Award page Visitors from the Global Community ... Main Directory School Information Educator and Parent General Education Info. Grade Level Organizations-info. and support ... Student Curricula General Curriculum Early Childhood English Curriculum Math Curriculum ... Vocational Special Education Info. ADD/ADHD Assistive Technology and Alternative/Augmentative Communication Brain Research ... Syndromes Here is another way to get to my pages HomePage Main directory About me My webrings, and awards Guestbook -please sign in Educator and Parent Parent Organizations General Education Information Grade level info Research sites to use Resources Student General Curricula Early Childhood Curricula English Curricula Math Curriculum Reading Curricula Science Curricula Science and Math Curricula Social Studies Curricula Technology Curricula Vocational Curricula Special Education Brain Research Developmental Delayed Down Syndrome Emotional Disabilities Learning Disabilities Physical Disabilities Syndromes Visitors from the Global Community A special thanks to The JavaScript Source!

73. ArmeniaNow.com - Independent Journalism From Today`s Armenia Most of the disabled children study in special schools not because their parentshave Unlike in Yerevan, where children with special needs are being http://www.armenianow.com/eng/?go=pub&id=246

74. School Nursing Services For Special Children school Nursing Services for special Children. By Phil Stinson, Esq. Parents ofchildren with special needs are often confronted with problems relating to http://www.tracheostomy.com/parent/school_nursing.htm

School Nursing Services for Special Children By Phil Stinson, Esq. Parents of children with special needs are often confronted with problems relating to the delivery of nursing services while their child is at school. On rare occasions, without the provision of such services, it is impossible for a student to attend school on a regular basis. This situation can be highly disruptive to family operations, as parents struggle to juggle the impossible burden of work obligations, while, at the same time, taking the time to personally provide the services for the child. The Garrett F. Court did not address how the 1997 Amendments to the IDEA impact on the issue of providing school nursing services for children with special needs (because the issue before the Court dealt with facts and law prior to the enactment of the revisions to the special education laws in 1997). In 1997, Congress amended the IDEA to clarify that public educational agencies (local school districts) are the payors of last resort whenever another public agency has a funding responsibility to an exceptional child. In one recent case, a federal Court of Appeals held that a school district does not need to provide a person to administer medications to a child on homebound instruction, and that the school district’s policy of requiring a parent to remain at home during in-home instruction does not violate the IDEA. See Daniel O. v. Missouri Board of Education, 32 IDELR 113 (8th Cir. 2000).

75. Statement Welcome To The University of Reading special needs Office. special arrangementsfor examinations can be made by your school Disability Representative on http://www.rdg.ac.uk/SpecialNeeds/statement.htm

staff student search Disability Office Disability Home Approach Environment Accommodation Statement Awareness New Students Links Disability Representatives UoR Home Disability Home Statement Statement DISABILITY STATEMENT Our Policy Technical Support Current Provision Medical and Personal Support ... More Information? Our Policy Our policy of equal access to courses and facilities seeks to ensure that you will be able to participate fully in both the academic and social life on campus by addressing the following areas: A variety of accommodation is available in our halls of residence. Rooms can be adapted to meet your requirements and you can normally keep your room for the duration of your course. Special adaptations to departmental buildings, such as ramps and toilet facilities can also be made to meet your requirements. Special arrangements for examinations, assessments and marking can be made according to your needs. Staff are provided with information relating to your disability which enables them to adapt their teaching methods to help you. The Disability Office can help you apply for funding through the Disabled Students Allowance. If you incur above average expenditure as a result of your disability you can also be considered for a grant from the Hardship Fund.

76. Dentistry For The Disabled Child And Adult If your city has a dental school, call the department of Pediatric Dentistry, Most severely disabled people need some type of special help to cooperate. http://www.our-kids.org/Archives/dentistry_disabled.html

Dentistry for the Disabled Child and Adult I. INTRODUCTION II. FINDING A GOOD DENTIST FOR YOUR DISABLED CHILD/ADULT III. LEVELS OF ANESTHESIA TO CONTROL BEHAVIOR IV. WHY NOT JUST LET THE BABY TEETH ROT AWAY AND FIX THE PERMANENT ONES? ... VIII. RESOURCES I. INTRODUCTION Hi all, II. FINDING A GOOD DENTIST FOR YOUR DISABLED CHILD/ADULT III. LEVELS OF ANESTHESIA TO CONTROL BEHAVIOR Most severely disabled people need some type of special help to cooperate. For some, this is just knowing the dentist and having some level of trust that they won't be hurt or that any pain will be slight and will just last a few moments (i.e. a shot). Depending on the individual patient's needs, here is what I use in decreasing order of strength when patients don't know me or won't ever cooperate: General anesthesia in a hospital as an in- or an out-patient. In the US now this is very safe and the anesthesia is usually kept at low levels for general dentistry. Oral surgeons can safely do general anesthesia in their offices. Anesthesiologists are better than nurse anesthetists. All anesthesia personnel are aware that special needs people present more risks than non-disabled people and they take this into consideration when they recommend anesthesia. If you are skeptical about this, discuss risks with them far in advance of the procedure. Call the hospital and make a special trip just to have your child prescreened by the anesthesiologist, if you are worried. We do.

77. Disabled Children This factsheet is aimed at parents whose children with special needs are The Carers and disabled Children Act 2000 examines the needs and rights of http://omni.ac.uk/browse/mesh/D019988.html

low graphics Disabled Children broader: Disabled Persons other: Amputees Hearing Impaired Persons Mentally Disabled Persons Mentally Ill Persons ... Contact a Family factsheet : holidays, play and leisure One in a series of patient-oriented documents published by the UK charity Contact a Family, a charity set up in 1979 to provide support, advice and information for disabled children and their families. The factsheet provides information about holidays for the families of disabled children and children with special needs. It includes details of organisations providing holidays or holiday accommodation, advice, sources of finance, and holiday equipment that can be accessed by children and their families. The factsheet can be downloaded in PDF, requiring Adobe Acrobat Reader. Play and Playthings Patient Education Handout [Publication Type] Patient Education Leisure Activities ... Contact a Family Factsheet : siblings and special needs One in a series of patient-oriented documents published by the UK charity Contact a Family, about the brothers and sisters of children who have a severe disability or chronic illness. It provides information on siblings and their relationships, research, growing up together, working together for siblings, siblings support groups, and siblings and the law. Sibling Relations Patient Education Handout [Publication Type] Patient Education Disabled Children ... Special educational needs - England This is one in a series of patient-oriented documents published by the UK charity 'Contact a Family'. This fact sheet provides a guide to "procedures for identifying, assessing and making provision for children's special educational needs." The fact sheet explains what is meant by 'special educational needs'; discusses the different types of school/educational provision available; includes a glossary of terms; discusses the process of assessment, the results of the assessment, choosing a school, and the appeals process; and identifies key documents and contacts. This document was last updated August 2003.

78. Enriched And Innovative Instruction: Gifted And Talented, Learning Disabled To provide students who are simultaneously gifted and learning disabled with both High school Students who need the more intensive support of a special http://www.mcps.k12.md.us/curriculum/enriched/gtld/

INDEX OF TOPICS ACCELERATED AND ENRICHED INSTRUCTION FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS PROGRAMS BY GRADE LEVEL Elementary School Middle School High School BEYOND THE CLASSROOM ... CONTACT US RELATED National Association for Gifted Children Office of Curriculum and Instructional Programs Special Programs: Foreign Language Immersion, IB, Other Magnet, Signature ACCELERATED AND ENRICHED INSTRUCTION Gifted and Talented, Learning Disabled Overview Goals To provide students who are simultaneously gifted and learning disabled with both: Instruction and strategies to improve the skills affected by their disabilities Access to rigorous instruction including Honors classes, Advanced Placement classes, and to the components of acceleration and enrichment that are in the instructional guides. Population Research suggests that as many as 2-5% of gifted and talented students may also have a learning disability. It is crucial for the development of the potential of these students that they be identified and receive access to rigorous instruction in their areas of strength. In order to receive this access they require appropriate adaptations and accommodations, as well as instruction in skills and strategies that are affected by their disabilities. The majority of GT/LD students, when provided access and supports, can receive appropriate programming within their home school.

79. Article | Vouchers Do Help Disabled Students Because of their special needs, disabled students are more likely to lack good It also claims that McKay schools aren t serving disabled students well http://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/_tampatrib-vouchers_do_help.htm

Site Navigation Support M.I. Scholars' Articles M.I. Issues Subscribe to City Journal Board of Trustees Staff Directory Links M.I. Book Catalog Internship Opportunities Join email updates HOME ABOUT MI CCI CLP ... CONTACT Vouchers Do Help Disabled Students December 11, 2003 By Jay P. Greene and Greg Forster A recent analysis by the Palm Beach Post asserted that Florida's voucher program for disabled students lures students into private schools that don't serve their needs. It appeared the day before a state task force met to consider possible changes in the program. The headline bluntly declared: ``Vouchers Don't Help Disabled Students.'' But the Post's claim is unfounded. A Manhattan Institute study of the program found that participating students had much smaller classes, were victimized less often by other students and in general got services that their parents say were better than what they got in the public schools. Because of their special needs, disabled students are more likely to lack good educational opportunities in the public school system. The McKay Scholarship Program gives them a voucher equal to the full amount of money that public schools would have spent on them, allowing them to seek out whatever schools will serve them best. With more than 12,000 students participating, it's one of the nation's largest voucher programs. The Post claims that McKay vouchers ``don't help disabled students'' because many of the schools participating in the program don't segregate disabled kids into separate classes. It also claims that McKay schools aren't serving disabled students well because teachers at many of these schools don't have special-education certificates from the state and because the schools are allowed to design their own curricula for special-education students rather than having to follow mandates from the state government.

80. Special Needs After 16: Priorities For Development special education is an established part of the school system in the UK, Education suitable for those who have special needs after the period of http://www.scre.ac.uk/spotlight/spotlight8.html

Special Needs After 16: priorities for development Stefan Zaklukiewicz Special education is an established part of the school system in the UK, in accordance with existing educational legislation. Education suitable for those who have special needs after the period of statutory schooling is not so well established, reflecting the absence of appropriate legislation. The EDSPEN project identified current trends in Scotland in providing education for continuing special educational needs after the age of 16. A NEGLECTED AREA OF NEED In the UK it is only in recent years that much attention has been given to the meeting of special educational needs amongst those over school-leaving age. Until the late seventies there was little appropriate continuing education for this group: education for the majority of pupils in special schools and units effectively ended at the age of 16. The EDSPEN project was undertaken to assess the extent of relevant provision in the mid 1980s. Covering the whole of Scotland, the project highlighted educational elements within the main services available to school leavers with special needs. This paper concentrates on the situation within further education and the Youth Training Scheme (YTS). PROVISION AVAILABLE IN THE 1980s Different young people have different needs, and the post-school services available offer different kinds of opportunities, including different emphases on education. Further education offers a specifically educational context, which can emphasise either general or vocational education. Colleges may introduce particular courses in response to Regional initiatives with specific funding, but they also have some autonomy to pursue their own initiatives if their existing finance permits. YTS emphasises vocational training although it includes broader educational elements. Funded by the Manpower Services Commission, YTS training schemes have to conform to specified criteria, while individual sponsors and managing agents including individual employers have a considerable influence on such factors as the character of the provision and the young people selected as suitable for the scheme.

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