61. News Key events in congo s history, facts on Mobutu, Kabila. Kinshasa Media World Africa congo, democratic republic of Kinshasa Do you live in Kinshasa http://www.siftthru.com/connews.htm

62. COUNTRY ASSESSMENT 2.6 Despite its natural riches the economic history of the country has Background Paper On Refugees from the democratic republic of congo April 1998 http://www.asylumlaw.org/docs/congodemocraticrepublic/ind99b_congodr_ca.htm

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO ASSESSMENT Version 4 September 1999 Country Information and Policy Unit CONTENTS I SCOPE OF DOCUMENT II GEOGRAPHY Physical Social and Economic III HISTORY The Mobutu Years The Kabila Regime Rebellion in the East IV ORGANS OF THE STATE Constitution The Judiciary Security Forces ... Health and Education V HUMAN RIGHTS A: GENERAL ASSESSMENT A.1 - A.5 B: SECURITY SITUATION B.1 - B.3 C: SPECIFIC GROUPS/ISSUES Political Activity Human Rights Groups Media/Journalists ... Homosexuals C.1 - C.5 C.6 C.7 - C.8 C.9 C.10 -C.11 C.12 -C.16 C.17 -C.18 C.19 -C.22 C.23 -C.24 C.25 -C.26 C.27 C.28 ANNEX A: PROMINENT PEOPLE ANNEX B: CHRONOLOGY ANNEX C: GLOSSARY ANNEX D: BIBLIOGRAPHY I SCOPE OF DOCUMENT The assessment is sourced throughout. It is intended to be used by caseworkers as a signpost to the source material, which has been made available to them. The vast majority of the source material is readily available in the public domain. It is intended to revise the assessment on a 6-monthly basis while the country remains within the top 35 asylum producing countries in the United Kingdom. The assessment will be placed on the Internet (http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/ind/cipu1.htm). An electronic copy of the assessment has been made available to the following organisations:

63. IRC | Conflict In Congo Deadliest Since World War II, Says The IRC IRC Health Programs in democratic republic of congo regional governments mustend their backing of militia groups, and support the formation of a http://www.theirc.org/index.cfm?section=news&wwwID=1704

64. 19/3/99-csnu-situation In Congo BETWEEN THE UNITED NATIONS AND regional AND SUBregional ORGANIZATIONS.IN DEALING WITH THE SITUATION IN THE democratic republic OF THE congo ,WE SHOULD http://www.un.int/brazil/speech/99d-hv-situation-in-congo.htm

Security Council The situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Statement by H.E. Ambassador Henrique Valle Deputy Permanent Representative of Brazil to the United Nations New York, 19 th March 1999 THE BRAZILIAN DELEGATION CONSIDERS IT A TIMELY INITIATIVE TO CONVENE AN OPEN DEBATE ON THE PEACEFUL SETTLEMENT OF THE SITUATION IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO AND WE EXPRESS OUR SINCERE APPRECIATION TO YOU ,SIR, FOR HAVING IT MADE MATERIALIZE. IN PARAGRAPH 8 OF HIS IMPORTANT REPORT OF 13 APRIL 1998, ON THE CAUSES OF CONFLICT AND THE PROMOTION OF DURABLE PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA (s/1998/318) , THE SECRETARY-GENERAL, WHO HONORS US WITH HIS PRESENCE HERE TODAY, POINTED OUT THAT AT THE CONGRESS OF BERLIN OF 1885 , ''KINGDOMS, STATES AND COMMUNITIES IN AFRICA WERE ARBITRARILY DIVIDED''., ''UNRELATED AREAS AND PEOPLES WERE JUST ARBITRARILY JOINED TOGETHER''. AS UNDERLINED BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL, THE DECISION OF THE ORGANIZATION OF THE AFRICAN UNIT (OAU) IN 1963 TO ACCEPT INHERITED BORDERS HAS PROVIDED THE CONTINENT WITH A POWERFUL TOOL TO PREVENT TERRITORIAL CONFLICT. THE TASK OF NATION BUILDING, HOWEVER, REMAINS A DAUNTING CHALLENGE FOR THE PRESENT AND THE COMING GENERATIONS OF AFRICANS. IN HIS WISDOM, THE SECRETARY GENERAL PROPOSED A SET OF IDEAS TO RESPOND TO THE MANY SITUATIONS OF CONFLICT THAT AFFLICT THE CONTINENT. THOSE IDEAS APPROACH THE SHORT TERM PROBLEMS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF PEACEMAKING, PEACEKEEPING AND HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE. HE ALSO RAISED THE ISSUE OF BUILDING DURABLE PEACE AND PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH, WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON GOOD GOVERNANCE.

65. Refugees International: Countries: Democratic Republic Of Congo 10/22/2004 democratic republic of congo UN Humanitarian Agencies are Failing mark the history of the democratic republic of the congo through Belgian http://www.refintl.org/content/country/detail/2900

Search: Home About Us Donate Where We Work ... Where we work Democratic Republic of Congo RI's Concerns Refugees International is concerned with the estimated 300,000 refugees and 2.3 million internally displaced people forced from their homes in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) as a result of armed conflict, systematic killings and human rights atrocities over the last eleven years. New displacements are resulting from outbreaks of violence between local armed groups, Mai Mai factions and the Hutu Rwandan Armed Liberation Forces (FDLR) throughout North Kivu, South Kivu and Ituri in the eastern part of the country. RI has advocated in the DRC and the war-torn Great Lakes region consistently since the Rwandan genocide in early 1994. The persisting humanitarian crisis in the Congo is rooted in that same conflict. Over these years, RI has repeatedly appealed for increased international attention, assistance and a regional response to the crises in the Great Lakes region and the DRC, in particular, highlighting the disastrous consequences of the armed conflict on the civilian population. RI continues to appeal for donors to make greater efforts to provide humanitarian aid to needy Congolese by utilizing an extensive network of Congolese non-governmental organizations. Refugees International has completed two comprehensive reports on MONUC, the UN Organization Mission in the DRC, and its ability to affect the transitional peace process. RI staff were present in Bunia when the French-led European Union forces (the Interim Emergency Multinational Force) turned over operations to the newly-mandated and strengthened MONUC II forces. RI continues to monitor international peacekeeping and protection efforts and remains concerned with displacement protection issues in the DRC, particularly gender-based violence and the illegal abduction and forced recruitment of children into combat by all parties to the conflict.

66. Republic Of The Congo - Enpsychlopedia Main article history of the republic of the congo The most important of themany parties are the democratic and Patriotic Forces or FDP Denis http://psychcentral.com/psypsych/Republic_of_the_Congo

home resource directory disorders quizzes ... support forums Advertisement ( Republic of the Congo République du Congo Flag Coat of Arms Motto : Unité, Travail, Progres French : Unity, Work, Progress) Anthem La Congolaise Capital Brazzaville http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params=4_14_S_15_14_E_type:city Largest city Brazzaville Official languages French ... Independence - Date From France 15 August Area Population est. n/a census Density n/a GDP PPP estimate 4,621 million ( Currency CFA franc XEF Time zone ... UTC not observed ( UTC Internet TLD .cg Calling code The Republic of the Congo , also known as Middle Congo Congo-Brazzaville , and Congo (but not to be confused with the Democratic Republic of the Congo , formerly Zaire, which was also at one time known as the Republic of the Congo ), is a former French colony of west-central Africa . Its borders are Gabon Cameroon Central African Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Gulf of Guinea . Upon independence in , the former French region of Middle Congo became the Republic of the Congo. A quarter century of experimentation with Marxism was abandoned in and a democratically elected government installed in . A brief civil war in restored former Marxist President Denis Sassou-Nguesso . The capital is Brazzaville Contents showTocToggle("show","hide")

67. Weiss | War And Peace In The DRC (I) Research article War and Peace in democratic republic of congo. Thus, atthis crucial moment in the congo’s history, it is a question whether not only http://www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/AD_Issues/amdipl_16/weiss/weiss_congo1.html

Chaos in the Congo Contents of this article Part I Introduction Part II The Second Congo War and Its Consequences ... Acronyms ELSEWHERE IN THIS ISSUE: Herman J. Cohen , an old 'Congo hand' and former assistant secretary of state for Africa, observes that "in a continent that is lagging further and further behind the rest of the world in economic development, this latest tragedy makes one wonder how and when Africa will finally hit bottom and start moving upward again." Agony in the Congo Click to open map of Political-Military zones in separate screen. ELSEWHERE IN THIS ISSUE: Special Report: The State of American Diplomacy William C. Harrop , a distinguished retired U.S. ambassador and former Inspector General, warns of the risks and offers succinct guidelines for the next U.S. President: "The Department of State apparently does not intend to pursue [several] urgently needed reforms. It is critical that the next administration vigorously carry out the modernization of its diplomatic infrastructure." The Infrastructure of American Diplomacy FSO Stephanie S. Kinney

68. Regional And Political Groupings UN preparatory meetings are often held at the regional level, and thus, Cuba, democratic People s republic of Korea, democratic republic of the congo, http://www.peacewomen.org/un/Political_Groupings/politicalgroupings.html

PeaceWomen Women's International League for Peace and Freedom HOME CALENDAR ABOUT US CONTACT US ... SITE MAP UNSC RES 1325 Full text History and Analysis 1325 TRANSLATED WOMEN, WAR AND PEACE WEB PORTAL UNIFEM PeaceWomen INITIATIVES In-country Regional Global NEWS Country Index International News PeaceWomen E-News Peacekeeping News ... News Sources ORGANIZATIONS Country-specific International RESOURCES Country-specific and thematic civil society, UN and government documents UNITED NATIONS UN Index Security Council Who's Who in 1325 Implementation Gender Focal Points ... Women, Gender and Peacekeeping Regional and Political Groupings of States [click on acronym to see list of member states] ECOSOC Regional Commissions UN preparatory meetings are often held at the regional level, and thus, in the purvue of the following commissions: ECA : Economic Commission of Africa; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ECLAC : Economic Commission of Latin America and the Caribbean; Santiago de Chile, Chile ECE Economic Commission of Europe (and North America); Geneva, Switzerland

69. Sundaymail - WORLD THE G8 FORGOT SCOTLAND SAYS MAKE POVERTY history 3.6million starve in Niger after UNICEF pleas democratic republic of the congo (Zaire) Requested £19700000 Received http://www.sundaymail.co.uk/news/tm_objectid=15803273&method=full&siteid=86024&h

70. History Of THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLC OF CONGO history of THE democratic REPUBLC OF congo from historyWorld.net including At least two of the tribal parties represent such large regional groups that http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad34

71. REPORT ON EXPLOITATION OF RESOURCES OF DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO IS CHALLENGE The Foreign Minister of the democratic republic of the congo had stressed That body, along with other regional structures, the World Trade Organization http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2002/SC7561.doc.htm

Press Release SC/7561 Security Council nd REPORT ON EXPLOITATION OF RESOURCES OF DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO IS CHALLENGED IN SECURITY COUNCIL Neighbouring Countries, Denying Allegations by Expert Panel, Call for More Evidence; Others Stress Serious Effects on Peace Process Representatives of Uganda, Rwanda and other Governments named in the Final Report of the Panel of Experts on exploitation of resources in the Democratic Republic of the Congo disputed its allegations as the Security Council considered, in a day-long meeting today, the situation in that country, following up a 24 October meeting at which the report was presented. Peace and the rule of law were the objectives of the Rwanda forces, not the pursuit of wealth, he said. The Foreign Minister of Uganda said the report also ignored the fact that his country had become involved in the Democratic Republic of the Congo as a result of genuine security concerns.  The report did contain a number of positive elements, however, such as the affirmation that neither his Government nor any of its companies was involved in the illegal exploitation, and that an embargo or moratorium on exports of natural resources would not be constructive.  On the Statements were also made today by the representatives of the following Council members:  France, Norway, Russian Federation, Mauritius, Syria, Guinea, Ireland, Cameroon, United Kingdom, Mexico, Colombia, Bulgaria, United States and China.

72. The Democratic Republic Of Congo And Other recent days in the democratic republic of the congo, and particularly the And it is an interesting example of a regional organisation, a very http://www.un.org/Docs/sc/presidency/ps1704.htm

The Democratic Republic of Congo and other matters We had a briefing from Assistant Secretary-General Annabi on the events in recent days in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and particularly the diversion of the new Moroccan contingent of the UN mission in Congo (MONUC) which was suppose to go and deploy in Kissangani but was deterred from doing that. Members of the Council wanted me to say something in detail about that. We heard the briefing from Hedi Annabi with some concern that there had been this resistance from RCD Goma to the deployment of the Moroccan contingent. This resistance is in contravention of resolution 1331, and of the agreement with all the parties on deployment. Members of the Council were clear in their own minds that it is not a reason to block or resist the deployment of MONUC that any party should have concerns or worries about another party not complying with the disengagement agreement. That is the business of the Political Committee of the Lusaka Accord, it is the business of the Security Council, it is the business of MONUC on the ground and

73. Democractic Republic Of Congo Travel Holidays Kinshasa Zaire Goma Mbuji Mayi Lub Bookings Specific to democratic republic of congo/Kinshasa/Zaire http//www.countrywatch.com/ Maps - history - Political Conditions - Government http://www.budgettravel.com/congo-kinshasa.htm

Countries Messages Site Map Activities ... Data Base!! Travel Information for Everyone Congo Travel Congo Holidays Kinshasa - Goma - Mbuji Mayi - Lubumbashi - Zaire - Democratic Republic of Congo Congo, Democratic Republic of (formerly Zaire), is located in central Africa, with a small coastline on the Atlantic Ocean - The terrain is mostly savanahs and rain forests - The Congo River winds through the middle of the country - Kinshasa is the Capital - Caution should be used if you visit this country as there has been much internal turmoil and tribal fighting - Travel Vacations/Packages Travel Insurance Air Fares Travel Clothing ... Phone Calling Cards Bookings Specific to Democratic Republic of Congo/Kinshasa/Zaire Kinshasa Airport Code = FIH Travel Vacations/Packages in Zaire Zaire is Listed Kinshasa/Congo Not Listed - Hotel Bookings Locally Vacation Rentals/Apartments ... in Worldwide Destinations Kinshasa/Congo/Zaire Not Listed - Airfares to/from Kinshasa Discounted Car Rentals Locally Related Information Specific to Congo/Kinshasa/Zaire Travel Vacations/Packages in Zaire Local Cycling Local Shopping/Goods Related Destinations: Congo/Brazzaville Gabon Equatorial Guinea Cameroon ... African Countries - Every Country Listed in Detail - Africa Air Transportation - Airlines Flying Within/To/From Africa with Web Sites - All World Countries 400+ Worldwide Travel Destinations Also: Women Travel Info Shopping in 80+ Countries Travel Companions/Singles Information Hostels - Worldwide Information ... Animals of Kenya Translations:

74. FORE: Disciplines-Policy-Regional Analysis-Africa Includes introductory essays on global trends, regional analysis, violence hasplagued Rwanda, Burundi, and the democratic republic of the congo. http://environment.harvard.edu/religion/disciplines/policy/regionalanalysis/afri

Machine translation powered by Systran Forum on Religion and Ecology Information Religion ... Gender Regional Analysis Africa Northern Sahara Political Structure Political organization in the fifteen Saharan nations range from military rule to emerging democracies, and nearly all of them operate in the context of great economic hardship. Religious Diversity Geography The borders of most African nations were drawn by the European colonial powers and fail to represent cultural differences or ecosystem boundaries. On the southern side of the great desert, both Chad and Sudan have been devastated by decades of civil war between the Muslims of the northern deserts and the Christians and animists of the tropical southern regions. Environmental Issues Central Tropics Political Structure The central tropical nations of Africa differ from the Saharan nations politically, culturally, and environmentally, but they are similar in that most also face recurring violence among the diverse ethnic groups that reside within the same national borders.

75. SOLD DOWN THE RIVER | DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO DRC has a long history of conflict. Before independence in 1960, a particularlybrutal Companies logging the forests of the democratic republic of congo http://www.forestsmonitor.org/reports/solddownriver/drc.htm

Home Cover Title Glossary ... Introduction Part I: Regional Overview People and forest in Central Africa EU involvement in Africa's rainforests Part II: Country Profiles Cameroon Cameroon report by Sandrine Lapuyade Central African Republic Congo (Brazzaville) ... Maps Part III: Company Profiles Conclusions and Recommendations References Democratic Republic of Congo Political, social and economic framework AFTER 32 YEARS of "kleptocracy" under Dictator Mobutu Sese Seko, Zaire was renamed the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in 1997. Hopes that its poverty-stricken people would see more than a change of name in their country were, however, soon thwarted. Located on the equator, east of Congo (Brazzaville), DRC would be a landlocked country but for 37 kilometres of coastline. It is the largest country in the Congo Basin region. Of its 2.3 million square kilometres, nearly half is forestland (1.1 million square kilometres in 1993). In 1994, both urban and non-urban dwellers collected fuelwood and charcoal from the forest at an estimated rate of 42.6 million cubic metres every year. Despite being such a large and relatively fertile country rich in natural resources, there is hunger, competition for land, and pressure on the rainforest arising from landlessness. In large areas of DRC, the people with power have managed to expropriate the land from those less powerful than themselves. For example, although the region of Kivu, which borders the Ituri Forest, is one of the greenest and most luxuriant parts of DRC, one researcher noted that food security there

76. Progress Toward Poliomyelitis Eradication --- Angola And The Democratic Republic regional Office of the World Health Organization for Africa, Harare, Zimbabwe . Progress toward poliomyelitis eradicationdemocratic republic of congo http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5234a3.htm

Progress Toward Poliomyelitis Eradication - Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo, January 2002June 2003 Since the World Health Assembly resolved in 1988 to eradicate poliomyelitis worldwide, the estimated global incidence of polio has decreased by 99% ( ). Implementation of polio eradication activities in Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) began in 1996. Angola and DRC are characterized by large geographic areas, dense urban populations, recent civil conflict, and a history of polio outbreaks ( ). This report summarizes progress made toward polio eradication during January 2002June 2003 and highlights the remaining challenges in Angola and DRC. Routine Vaccination Supplementary Immunization Activities (SNIDs) using house-to-house vaccination. The May 2002 SNID targeted 40 municipalities with Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance The quality of public health surveillance for cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) is evaluated by two key indicators established by the World Health Organization: annual reporting rate (target: nonpolio AFP rate of 80% of persons with AFP). In 2002, the nonpolio AFP rate in Angola was 3.0 (

77. OneWorld.net / In Depth / Africa / Central Africa / Congo (Democratic Republic O From United Nations Integrated regional Information Network Image Fleeingthe democratic republic of congo © Radio Netherlands Wereldomroep http://www.oneworld.net/article/country/180/140

OneWorld.net In depth Africa Central Africa ... Congo (Democratic Republic of) Search for OneWorld Network Africa Canada Latin America South Asia SouthEast Europe UK United States América Latina en Catalunya España maailma.net Nederland Unimondo.org Unseulmonde.ca Radio Radio SEEurope AIDS Radio OneWorld TV AIDS Channel Digital Opportunity Kids Channel Learning Channel Itrainonline.org NEWS IN DEPTH PARTNERS GET INVOLVED ... OUR NETWORK Central Africa Angola Cameroon Central African Republic Chad ... Sao Tome and Principe Full Coverage: Congo (Democratic Republic of) If you wish to look further into some topics fill out the search criteria below or select from the menu on the left. keyword topic select Development Capacity building Children Cities Agriculture Aid Education Emergency relief Energy Fisheries Food Intermediate technology International cooperation Labour Land MDGs Migration Population Poverty Refugees Social exclusion Tourism Transport Volunteering Water/sanitation Youth Economy Consumption Corporations Credit and investment Debt Finance Microcredit Business Trade Environment Climate change Conservation Environmental activism Forests Genetics Animals Nuclear Issues Atmosphere Oceans Pollution Biodiversity Renewable energy Rivers Soils Health Disease AIDS Infant mortality Malaria Narcotics Nutrition/malnutrition Human rights Civil rights Disability Gender Indigenous rights Race politics Religion Sexuality Social exclusion Communication Culture Freedom of expression

78. LocalPin - Congo, Democratic Republic Of The Find links to congo, democratic republic of the in our geographicallyorganisedfully-searchable LocalPin regional search engine - Find it where you are http://www.localpin.com/info/en/africa/congo,_democratic_republic_of_the/

Congo, Democratic Republic of the Main Menu Home Wiki Contact About ... Help Other Languages This page is also available in the following language(s): Deutsch Espa±ol Esperanto Fran§ais ... Svenska Wiki Know something about Congo, Democratic Republic of the ? Why not contribute in the LocalPin wiki! You searched for All in Congo, Democratic Republic of the in English page 1 What? Where? in Pick category Pick location Location: Congo, Democratic Republic of the Results 1 to 7 of 7 matching All in the location Congo, Democratic Republic of the in Africa in World Congo-Pages Brief introductions to life and culture in the Democratic Republic of Congo. http://www.congo-pages.org/ record no 1 of 7 Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kinshasa) An annotated guide to internet resources on Africa. http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/zaire.html record no 2 of 7 CIA Factbook Congo, Democratic Republic of the Features map and brief descriptions of geography, economy, government, and people. http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/cg.html

79. Democratic Republic Of Congo DRC On The Internet American Museum of Natural history. congo Expedition, May 1909November 1915 In 1909,. Causes of the conflict in the democratic republic of congo, http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/zaire.html

Countries Topics Search the Africa Pages Suggest a Site ... Countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo See also: DRC News ABC Nightline - Heart of Darkness Web site closed. Now only sold on DVD . Five-part TV series hosted by Ted Koppel. Program transcripts, a journal by the producer of life in the Eastern Congo, people profiles, relief efforts, the link between coltan, cell phones and the DRC. [KF] http://abcnews.go.com/sections/nightline/ Academie Royale des Sciences d'Outre-mer (Bruxelles, Belgium) In French , English, Dutch. "The Royal Academy of Overseas Sciences was founded in 1928 with the aim of promoting scientific knowledge in overseas regions" [esp. Congo-Kinshasa]. "The Academy is divided into three Sections: the Section of Moral and Political Sciences, the Section of Natural and Medical Sciences and the Section of Technical Sciences." Publishes Biographie belge d'Outre-Mer (first pub. in 1941, was called la Biographie Coloniale Belge) . Publishes three series of . Based in Brussels, Belgium. http://users.skynet.be/kaowarsom/

80. ReliefWeb » Document Preview » 1999 United Nations Consolidated Inter-Agency A Thus, the democratic republic of the congo (DRC) conflict represents the largestregional military and political crisis in the modern history of the African http://www.reliefweb.int/w/rwb.nsf/0/6d6e8d878f7b303cc12567b600481a9f?OpenDocume

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