81. Real-Time Currency Convertor - Its A Financial Utility To Get Latest Exchange Ra RealTime currency Convertor v.1.0 Advanced Batch Converter - image conversionmade easy! Advanced Batch Converter Stop wasting you time converting http://www.softaward.com/1880.html

Sep 20, 2005 Search: New Programs Most Popular Applications Databases ... Text Utilities Newsletter: Subscribe to our free e-mail newsletter that highlights the latest software: You also will know about special discounts and actions. Most Popular: My Checkbook Hodoman Timer :: Internet Cafe Software 1 Invoice - Free Download Smartstock ... All popular titles Recommended: Batch Image Converter Stop wasting time renaming, resizing or converting images one by one. MID Converter Convert MIDI to WAV, MP3, OGG. Gold-Software.com Original multimedia software. FreeTrialSoft Reviews. Free software downloads. Smart Converter View, edit and convert images, even in Batch mode. DrawGames.com The Best Games for Windows. Free downloads. Real-Time Currency Convertor v.1.0 Downloads: Publisher: Abhisoft Technologies Date added: Nov 05, 2003 File size: 1201 Kb (1.17 Mb) License: Shareware, $24.95 OS: Win95,Win98,WinME,WinNT 4.x,WinXP,Windows2000 Rating: Description: Real-Time Currency Convertor is a small and easy to use financial utility that allows you to get latest currency exchange rates for more than 150 currencies. All rates are collected live from the internet so they are always current and accurate. It feature a complete skinable interface so you can completely change the look and feel of the software. It also comes with a build-in calculator. So, you don’t have to open windows calculator for performing any calculations. It also includes free life-time updates and technical support. Download!

82. Currency Of China Is Emerging As Tough Business Issue In US An undervalued currency makes a country s exports cheaper than they might But Beijing has made it clear that it will make only token gestures to the http://www.globalpolicy.org/globaliz/econ/2003/0826renminbi.htm

about GPF What's New Newsletter Sitemap ... *Opinion Forum Currency of China is Emerging as Tough Business Issue in US By Elizabeth Becker and Edmund L. Andrews New York Times August 26, 2003 With unemployment high and American manufacturers reeling from three years of misery, politicians and businesspeople around the country have found a villain to blame for these troubles: China, or more specifically its currency. In South Carolina, the Republican governor, Mark Sanford, cites the currency, the yuan, as posing a major threat to his state's struggling textile industry by making Chinese exports unreasonably cheap. In Erie, Pa., executives and workers at scores of industrial companies are planning a loud protest on Labor Day over "unfair competition" — and one of the biggest targets will be the seemingly obscure matter of the yuan. And in Washington, the Bush administration is gearing up to put direct political pressure on China next week when Treasury Secretary John W. Snow makes a highly publicized trip through Asia. The subject was near the top of the agenda when President Bush met with his economic team two weeks ago in Crawford, Tex. The issue is the value of the yuan, which the Beijing government pegs to the dollar rather than allowing it to float in world currency markets. Critics say that keeps the yuan undervalued by as much as 40 percent, enabling Chinese manufacturers to flood the United States with products at prices that homegrown companies cannot match. Though Chinese exports have been growing at the expense of American manufacturing jobs for years, the volume of the complaints has risen with the unemployment rate — and with the approach of national elections next year. And no matter what it does, the White House is on treacherous ground.

83. Chinese Currency Adjustment A Mixed Blessing For US government to let its currency, the yuan, appreciate against the dollar. At the same time, without the Chinese propping up the dollar, its value http://www.commondreams.org/views05/0729-30.htm

Home Newswire About Us Donate ... Archives Featured Views Printer Friendly Version E-Mail This Article Published on Friday, July 29, 2005 by CommonDreams.org Chinese Currency Adjustment A Mixed Blessing for US by Robert Freeman Christmas came early for John Snow. The U.S. Treasury Secretary has been hectoring the Chinese government to let its currency, the yuan, appreciate against the dollar. Now Beijing has announced it will do just that. The adjustment is small, only 2%. It will do virtually nothing to reverse the mammoth U.S. trade deficit with China. As such, it will not long deter the Bush administration from demanding still more adjustments. But Snow may yet come to regret his wish. The U.S. and China are locked in a love-hate relationship. The U.S. provides a huge market for low-cost Chinese goods meaning low inflation for the U.S. and booming factories for China. But the poorer Chinese do not buy nearly as many higher priced U.S. goods. As a result, the U.S. has run a large and growing trade deficit with China, buying more than it sells. Last year that trade deficit amounted to $160 billion. From the Chinese side, that $160 billion is a one year surplus that, year by year, accumulates as "foreign reserves." Those reserves now total over half a trillion dollars. Rather than putting them into a drawer, China invests them in U.S. Treasury bonds. That's where things get interesting.

84. CNN.com - China Rejects U.S. Currency Criticism - May 18, 2005 Beijing has rejected US criticism that its currency policy has turned China intoa manipulative trade partner and that the yuan should quickly be http://edition.cnn.com/2005/BUSINESS/05/18/china.yuan/

document.adoffset = 0; document.adPopupDomain = 'edition.cnn.com'; document.adPopupFile = '/cnn_adspaces/adsPopup2.html'; document.adPopupInterval = 'P24'; document.adPopunderInterval = 'P24'; The Web CNN.com Home Page Asia Europe U.S. ... Special Reports ON TV What's on Business Traveller Design 360 Global Office ... Talk Asia Services E-mail Mobile News ticker AvantGo Make homepage Ad info About us How to get CNN Partner Hotels CNNtext Languages Spanish German n-tv Korean Arabic Japanese Turkish China rejects U.S. currency criticism U.S. Treasury could name Beijing 'manipulative trade partner' var clickExpire = "-1"; Bo says the U.S. Treasury's currency concerns "are not reasonable." VIDEO Nancy Dai is the brains behind China's newest fashion, Sundog brand athletic gear. PLAY VIDEO Chinese President Hu Jintao speaks at the Fortune Global Forum reception. PLAY VIDEO China has become South America's largest trading partner ahead of the United States. PLAY VIDEO CNN CONNECTS CNN's Jim Clancy interviews a panel of experts about China's success stories. PLAY VIDEO The panel looks at the economic challenges.

85. What Can Money Tell Us? Colonial American Trade, currency, and Economy. Art Social Studies The letters EG FECIT is Latin for EG made this . EG refers to the engraver, http://mag.rochester.edu/learn/teacherServices/onlineResources/copley/Money.html

Introduction Getting Started Lesson Plans Curriculum Connections ... Bibliography Colonial American Trade, Currency, and Economy Art Social Studies What can money tell us? Objectives: study the physical presence, imagery and written text on a reproduction of colonial currency. synthesize their knowledge about colonial American history with their visual observations in order to place the coin within the historical events and collective experiences of early America. apply this method of inquiry to a modern day quarter, then compare and contrast the two coins in order to learn more about America and its history. design their own colonial American coin. Lesson times: If you attend the About Face exhibit at the Memorial Art Gallery, this lesson is suggested as a pre-visit activity. Vocabulary: currency – the money in circulation in any country. Prior Knowledge: Students should have begun study of colonial America, with some basic background in pre-Revolutionary Boston. Materials: Reproduction coin (included in teaching packet) What can a coin tell us about history? What can history tell us about a coin?

86. Federal Reserve Bank Of Philadelphia - Money In Colonial Times In 1787 the United States issued its first official coin, the copper Fugio Cent . The Fugio cents never made it into general circulation, http://www.phil.frb.org/education/colonial.html

Home Economic Education Money In Colonial Times A shortage of money was a problem for the American colonies. England did not supply its colonies with sufficient coinage and prohibited them from making their own. The early settlers brought coins from Europe but they went quickly back there to pay for supplies. Without enough money, the colonists had to barter for goods or use primitive currency such as Indian wampum, nails and tobacco. Colonial Coins In time some Spanish, Portuguese and French coins appeared in the colonies as a result of trade with the West Indies. The most famous of these was the Spanish Dollar In 1652, Massachusetts challenged England's ban on colonial coinage. The colony struck a series of silver coins, including the Pine Tree Shilling . On the coin the lettering MASATHVSETS IN encircles a pine tree. The reverse bears the inscription NEW ENGLAND AN DOM, the date 1652 and the Roman numeral XII (twelve pence or one shilling) in the center. All Pine Tree shillings were dated 1652, though they were produced for many years. Therafter, that way, if England ever found out about this illegal coinage, Massachusetts could claim it had not made any coins since 1652.

87. Xchange Business Currency Exchange Rate And Foreign Money Transfer Services Xchange Business Foreign currency Exchange and transfer cheap exchange rate The Xchange Business works together with its clients to achieve the best http://www.exchange-currency.co.uk/

Forex Brokers Treasury Services Foreign exchange Bureau de change Foreign currency exchange services Freephone 0800 953 1384 or Click here to request a currency quote Get a quote and see how much money you can save! Xchange Business FOREX Xchange Business FOREX was founded in 1996 in response to a growing demand for efficient and competitive foreign currency exchange rates. The first Xchange Business Bureau de Change in Edinburgh was set up in 1996 on Edinburghs famous Royal Mile. Buoyed by the success of the first 'Bureau de Change' two more were opened at Waverley Station, Edinburgh and on The Royal Mile by Edinburgh Castle. Xchange Business has a facility for foreign currency Treasury Services and utilise their own currency converter - a money exchange calculator. Many companies found that the tourist foreign currency exchange rates offered by Xchange Business were cheap - and more competitive than the corporate currency rates offered by traditional suppliers such as banks. The Xchange Business has a team of dealers dedicated to managing the international treasury requirements of its clients. The company's philosophy is to provide a tailor made service to small and medium sized companies that is unavailable from other sources. Our foreign currency converter uses up to the minute real time rates that keep abreast of the world currency markets We are pleased to be able to help all manner of companies with their foreign exchange requirements using a currency converter and trading money markets around the world. As FOREX Brokers we supply global currencies -

88. Currency Concerns But the financial press is overdoing its concern. currency levels reflectthe relative strengths of the economies Europe and Japan have had very http://www.yeald.com/Yeald/a/33191/currency_concerns.html

User Name: Password: Opinion, Content ID: 33191, Published: 11.12.2004 15:07 Currency Concerns CONSULTANTS The trade deficit is large and the dollar may well weaken further. But the financial press is overdoing its concern. by George Ross Fisher, IV George was Chief Information Officer of Fidelity Investments and held senior management positions at The Prudential-Wachovia Securities Company as well as Morgan Stanley. more... Write Opinion Question Survey Keep me informed on George Ross Fisher, IV RATINGS The financial media has sunk its teeth into the issues of the weakening Dollar and the US trade deficit. Dire predictions are being made: a sovereign credit downgrade, the elimination of the Dollar as the world's reserve currency and a return to stagflation and sky-high interest rates. There is a self-fulfilling aspect of this if foreign-government traders get spooked, but if US governmental economic policy is appropriate and foreign finance ministers remain thoughtful, we will not face a crisis based on today's situation. In fact, a good deal of what is being said is either not true or else involves looking at very short term movements.

89. FSU Contributor: "The US Dollar's Days As The World's Reserve Currency Are Numbe The dollar s reserve currency status allows “rich” Americans to continuously Without such status, America s consumption would be limited by its own http://www.financialsense.com/fsu/editorials/schiff/2005/0318.html

Financial Sense Home l FSU Editorials l FSU Posts l Contact Us T HE U.S. DOLLAR'S DAYS AS THE WORLD'S RESERVE CURRENCY ARE NUMBERED by Peter Schiff Euro Pacific Capital March 18, 2005 In the 20th Century, the U.S. dollar became the world's reserve currency because it was the coin of the world's leading economy. In the “Bizzaro” 21st Century economy, this causality has reversed. Today, the primary reason the U.S. remains the world's leading economy is because the dollar still serves as the reserve currency. However, if market fundamentals can ever manage to re-assert themselves, this is a reality that can, and indeed must, change. In the past, foreign citizens accumulated U.S. dollars so they could purchase American-made goods. Today, foreign central banks accumulate dollars so that Americans can purchase foreign-made goods. In the past, profits from her exports allowed America to become the world's greatest lender. Today, in order to fund her gargantuan trade deficit, America has become the world's greatest borrower. The dollar's reserve currency status allows “rich” Americans to continuously borrow what “poor” foreigners save, and consume what foreigners produce. Without such status, America's consumption would be limited by its own production, and its borrowing confined by its domestic savings. In such a world, Americans would have a standard of living far lower than the one currently enjoyed.

90. My Life, As Told Between Naps: In fact, I don t know that I ever have, but JP made another funny comment Usually my drafts return hemorhaging red ink and shuffling off on its last http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/sweetpea/

My life, as told between naps "Consciousness: That annoying stretch of time before the next nap." Home September 2005 Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Aug Oct Nonbillables Friends Follow the Frog Geeky Chic 2.0 The Wombat Little K Blog ... Periculum Pacis Strangers I Cyber-Stalk Clublife Opinionistas Stay of Execution Outer Life ... Fresh Pepper Links to Show That I'm Smart and Funny The New York Times The Economist The Onion Below the Beltway ... BBC News Did I Mention A Little Shallow and Mean? Bag Crazy In My Bag The Purse Blog Go Fug Yourself ... Pink Is The New Blog Life as an LA Lawyer. Like the hit tv show LA Law, only much more boring and with a lot more paperwork. Think LA Law on sedatives. Or in a coma. On second thought, it's not like LA Law at all. You know that snow you get on your tv when the cable's out? Yeah. More like that. Birth of a Tradition I spent a very peaceful weekend in Eugene, Oregon.* It was a mini-reunion of sorts - some of my best friends from law school traveled thousands of miles and descended on the tiny town in honor of a friend's 30th birthday. There were a few tears shed and a lot of laughter shared. The next few years will see several of us celebrating our own 30th birthdays. If all the celebrations turn out as this last one did, maybe it won't be so bad. Happy Birthday C. We love you.

91. US Dollar's Days As The World's Reserve Currency Are Numbered In the 20th Century, the US dollar became the world s reserve currency because it Without such status, America s consumption would be limited by its own http://www.gold-eagle.com/editorials_05/schiff031805.html

Printer Friendly Version Email this Article The U.S. Dollar's Days As The World's Reserve Currency Are Numbered Peter Schiff In the 20th Century, the U.S. dollar became the world's reserve currency because it was the coin of the world's leading economy. In the "Bizzaro" 21st Century economy, this causality has reversed. Today, the primary reason the U.S. remains the world's leading economy is because the dollar still serves as the reserve currency. However, if market fundamentals can ever manage to re-assert themselves, this is a reality that can, and indeed must, change. In the past, foreign citizens accumulated U.S. dollars so they could purchase American-made goods. Today, foreign central banks accumulate dollars so that Americans can purchase foreign-made goods. In the past, profits from her exports allowed America to become the world's greatest lender. Today, in order to fund her gargantuan trade deficit, America has become the world's greatest borrower. The dollar's reserve currency status allows "rich" Americans to continuously borrow what "poor" foreigners save, and consume what foreigners produce. Without such status, America's consumption would be limited by its own production, and its borrowing confined by its domestic savings. In such a world, Americans would have a standard of living far lower than the one currently enjoyed. The U.S. dollar index, which has fallen over 30% in three years, rose for the first week in five, after ending last week within 2% of its all time record low set back in 1992. With the dollar's technical and fundamental outlook deteriorating, a test of those lows is imminent. A significant break below this long term support could send the dollar tumbling. Without considerable, coordinated, global central bank intervention, the dollar's value could be halved. Even if massive, unprecedented intervention is successful, its effects will be temporary at best. This looming dollar crisis cannot be prevented, only delayed, and only at the expense of exacerbating the collapse.

92. Policy Bulletin 98.2 - Imputed Credit Expenses And Interest Rates Nevertheless, the Memorandum made clear that the practice of using In caseswhere a respondent has no shortterm borrowings in the currency of the http://ia.ita.doc.gov/policy/bull98-2.htm

Import Administration Policy Bulletin Number: 98.2 Date of Issue: February 23, 1998 Topic: Imputed credit expenses and interest rates Author: Carlo G. Cavagna Office of Policy Approved: Robert S. LaRussa Assistant Secretary for Import Administration Introduction The Department typically makes a circumstance of sale adjustment to normal value (NV) to account for differences in credit terms. To make this adjustment, the Department imputes a U.S. credit expense and a foreign market credit expense on each sale. The Department measures the credit expense on a sale by the amount of interest that the sale revenue would have earned between date of shipment and date of payment. To calculate the credit expense on U.S. sales, the Department generally uses the weighted-average borrowing rate realized by a respondent on its U.S. dollar-denominated short-term borrowings. However, respondents do not always have short-term loans in U.S. dollars. In such cases, the Department has in the past employed several different approaches in selecting surrogate interest rates. Although various approaches may be reasonable, in the interest of consistency and predictability, the Department is now setting forth a methodology that should be applied in all future cases. Issue The appropriate interest rate to use to impute credit expenses in cases where a respondent has no short-term borrowings in the currency of the transaction being examined.

93. ThinkQuest Competition : Money We carry money to buy things, but money has more meaning than just its cash value . On January 1, 1999, the European Union made money history, http://www.thinkquest.org/oct04jun05/money.shtml

Think.com ThinkQuest Library Library Competition Home Competition Home Rules Evaluation Criteria Money Money is the means of exchange by which people buy and sell things. Today, when we use money, we are as likely to use plastic cards as paper bills and coins, but this was not always true. Consider how society moved from bartering goods to exchanging money. You could learn about the items that people have used for currency throughout history and how those items came to hold value. Or, you could explore the designs of paper bills and coins and what they reflect about their countries of origin. You might also think about how money moves between people, across borders, or through cyberspace. Here are some ideas to get you started: Topic Example One: The Beauty of Paper Money Topic Example Two: Early Forms of Money Topic Example Three: Stock Markets Topic Example Four: The Euro Citations Shafer, Neil, and Colin R. Bruce II, eds.

94. Don't Expect Yuan To Rise Much, China Tells World As the central bank has repeatedly emphasized, the currency revaluation move ismore about As the central bank outlined its policy shift last week, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/26/AR2005072600681.

var SA_Message="SACategory=" + 'business/international'; Hello Edit Profile Sign Out Sign In Register Now ... Subscribe to SEARCH: News Web var ie = document.getElementById?true:false; ie ? formSize=27 : formSize=24 ; document.write(''); Top 20 E-mailed Articles washingtonpost.com Business World Business ... E-Mail This Article Quick Quotes Tables Portfolio Index RSS News Feeds Top News Business What is RSS? All RSS Feeds E-mail Newsletters View a Sample and Sign Up TechNews Daily Report Personal Finance Personal Tech Manage Your Newsletters 1 p.m. ET: Don't Expect Yuan To Rise Much, China Tells World Central Bank Says Change in Policy Was Only to Adjust Exchange Method By Peter S. Goodman Washington Post Foreign Service Wednesday, July 27, 2005; Page D01 SHANGHAI, July 26 China's central bank declared Tuesday that last week's slight increase in the value of the country's currency, the yuan, was a one-time event and not the beginning of a gradual climb, as officials sought to diminish speculative pressures for a substantial revaluation. In a "solemn statement," the People's Bank of China said the policy shift last Thursday was primarily aimed at changing how China sets the exchange rate for the yuan also known as the renminbi, or RMB by severing its direct link to the U.S. dollar, and not a signal of any willingness to allow its value to float upward.

95. FT.com / Your Money Ofex rewrites its rules to shed a risky image One of the criticisms made ofUKlisted smaller capitalisation stocks is that they are more vulnerable to http://news.ft.com/yourmoney

// Do not remove!!! // Do not remove!!! // Do not remove!!! // Do not remove!!! Skip to main content, accesskey 's' Homepage, accesskey '1' All times are London time. Sign up now Take a tour Username Password Remember me Your money Main page content: Increased demand but house prices still falling New buyers are moving back into the housing market as the number of properties coming up for sale has stopped growing, estate agents reported yesterday. Sep 20 2005 Read FT Your Home House price discussion forum UK house price growth hits nine year low ... Insurers forecast poor return on retirement plan A national pension savings plan, on the lines being considered by the Pensions Commission, is likely to lead to poor returns for savers and the economy. Sep 20 2005 Read Blair risks strikes on pension reforms A great benefit – if the company stays solvent Defined benefit pension - a fantastic deal for those who received it Sep 16 2005 Read How to find out if your company pension is safe Now you can say that you’re loaded You don’t need a bank account to use pre-paid cards Sep 16 2005 Read Expand the possibilities for a punt Spread betting can be dangerous for the occasional punter Sep 16 2005 Read Alerts: uk:TSCO uk:CNE - Powered by FT.com

96. Davis, Chapter 12 Under the act for drawing in the bills of credit it was made the duty of the In any event, it was thought that there was not enough small currency, http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/users/brock/davisch12.htm

CHAPTER XII. THE MONEY PAID AND SPECIE PAYMENTS RESUMED. While the " act for drawing in the bills of credit of the several denominations which have at any time been issued by this government and are still outstanding, and for ascertaining the rate of coined silver in this province for the future" was under consideration, a number of influential Boston merchants submitted a petition to the assembly in which they set forth that the subject was one in which every individual was most nearly interested. Although not insensible to the wisdom and integrity of the General Assembly, yet they prayed that any bill relating to this important affair might be submitted to the public, before it should be enacted. Such was the custom of the parliament of Great Britain they apprehended in cases of like moment. The presentation of this petition aroused the friends of the bill who filed a counter petition, on the 23rd of January, 1748-49. The sum granted by parliament £183,649, 2s. 7½d. sterling was equal to about £244,866 "lawful money" of Massachusetts. The current rate of silver was about 60s. and it had been proposed to effect the redemptions at the rate of 55s. per ounce. It was found desirable, however, to adopt a compromise rate of 50s. or seven and one-half in bills for one in silver. At this rate the £244,866 to be derived from the reimbursement would provide for £1,836,495 of the public bills reduced to old tenor rates, no thought being had of the possible cost of laying the money down in Boston. It was estimated that after this amount had been applied for redemptions there would still remain in circulation about £300,000 more rated in old tenor. A tax was, therefore, laid in this act, in terms of new and middle tenor bills for £75,000.

97. Iraq Achieves Stable Currency, Sound Fiscal Policy With U.S. Help Iraqi citizens have welcomed their new currency, Taylor said in a speech To foster its monetary policy mission, it needs to implement a number of new http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/040909/2004090935.html

Today's Front Page This Edition's Front Page Search Archives News Calendar ... Apply for sales job Iraq achieves stable currency, sound fiscal policy with U.S. help Iraq USA, Economics, 9/9/2004 U.S. Treasury Under Secretary John Taylor said the United States has helped Iraq introduce a new unified and stable currency to replace the two separate currencies used before the toppling of former dictator Saddam Hussein. "Iraqi citizens have welcomed their new currency," Taylor said in a speech to the Central Reserve Bank of Peru in Lima September 7. Before the fall of Saddam, the Kurdish region in the north of Iraq used "Swiss" dinars while the rest of the country used "Saddam" dinars, Taylor said. Taylor said the exchange rate of the new dinar appreciated about 25 percent in the months following its introduction in late 2003, while prices have been stable and inflation low. "This stability is providing the basis for much-needed public confidence in the management of its currency," Taylor said. The under secretary said at the time that the new dinar was introduced, the Central Bank of Iraq was made independent of the Finance Ministry, which had been under the control of the Baathist Party. Taylor said major challenges lie ahead for the Central Bank of Iraq, which are exacerbated by a very difficult security environment.

98. ECON 114 EN - The Euro As 'Parallel Currency' 1999-2002 - Chapter I On 1 January 1999, the euro became the currency of eleven Member States of the so as to put the euro, as bookmoney , on a par with its national http://www.europarl.eu.int/workingpapers/econ/114/chapi_en.htm

template_mover_up = "default_en.htm"; template_mover_prev = "summary_en.htm"; template_mover_next = "chapii_en.htm"; var linguistic_bar_tab = new Array( new Array("es", "", "1"), new Array("da", "", "1"), new Array("de", "", "1"), new Array("el", "", "1"), new Array("en", "", "3"), new Array("fr", "", "1"), new Array("it", "", "1"), new Array("nl", "", "1"), new Array("pt", "", "1"), new Array("fi", "", "1"), new Array("sv", "", "1")); original_url = "/dg4/wkdocs/ECON/114/en/chapI.htm"; Page_Initialization("/wwwroot", "/wwwroot/workingpapers/econ/114", "en", "/wwwroot/workingpapers/econ/114/chapi_en.htm"); THE EURO AS "PARALLEL CURRENCY" 1999-2002 Economic Affairs Series, ECON 114 EN (PE 168.281) - April 1999 I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION On 1 January 1999, the euro became the currency of eleven Member States of the European Union: i.e. Belgium, Germany, Spain, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal and Finland. On that same day, the national currencies of these countries ceased to exist. Factual evidence, however, seems to contradict this latter statement. In daily life, the national currencies continue to be used very much as before, even if the euro may be visible on price tags and euro payments a possibility for those with a bankcard.

99. Dollars And Cents - Currency Features Of course, all US money, whether old or new, retains its full value because theUnited States never recalls any of its currency. http://www.frbatlanta.org/invoke_brochure.cfm?objectid=83FD41FB-9AF0-11D5-898400

100. China Severs Its Currency S Link To Dollar Hong Kong, a key Chinese banking center that has its own currency, Chineseofficials said any abrupt change in its currency system would cause turmoil, http://www.russia.com/forums/showthread.php3?threadid=24559

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