61. U.S. Money History US Money history. Source The US Treasury Department, Now the only US currency produced, Federal Reserve Notes represent 99 percent of all currency in http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0774856.html

Home U.S. People Word Wise ... Homework Center Fact Monster Favorites Hurricane Katrina Ramadan Children Inventors The Doctor's In ... 2006 TFK Almanac Reference Desk Atlas Almanacs Dictionary Encyclopedia ... Money U.S. Money History Source: The U.S. Treasury Department, Bureau of Engraving and Printing, Web: www.bep.treas.gov 1690: Colonial Notes In the early days of this nation, before and just after the American Revolution , Americans used English, Spanish, and French currencies. The Massachusetts Bay Colony issued the first paper money in the colonies that would later form the United States. 1775: Continental Currency 1781: The Nation's First Bank 1785: The Dollar The Continental Congress adopted the dollar as the unit for national currency. At that time, private bank-note companies printed a variety of notes. After adoption of the Constitution in 1789, Congress chartered the First Bank of the United States and authorized it to issue paper bank notes to eliminate confusion and simplify trade. The bank served as the U.S. Treasury's fiscal agent, thus performing the first central bank functions. 1792: U.S. Mint

62. Greek Currency Directory Includes over 250 photographs of Greek coins and banknotes from 1828 to present. Full descriptions, brief history, links, and trading option. http://www.geocities.com/Colosseum/4340/greek-currency/

Welcome to the brand new Greek Currency Directory, one of the BEST sites conserning greek paper money and coins. The purpose of this site is to provide collectors with a list of greek banknotes and coins from 1828 to present. The stuff is separated in two main parts: Coins and Paper Money, and each of them is devided in chronological categories. This site does not claim to be complete, but on the contrary it includes only the items of my personal collection. Thereby, any supplementary information is more than welcome. You are visitor number Subscribe to Greek Currency Collectors List Banknotes Coins General This site is sponsored by Send your comments and/or suggestions to Stelios Tziras at tziras@dias.acci.gr OR at ICQ 1819840 Thank you for visiting "Greek Banknote Directory" at http://www.geocities.com/Colosseum/4340/

63. HISTORY_INDEX history of Japanese Currencies Establishment of Japanese currency System (16th century to 19th century). 6. Gold and Silver Coins Minted by Local Lords http://www.imes.boj.or.jp/cm/english_htmls/history.htm

IMESBOJ CURRENCY MUSEUM INDEX MUSEUM HISTORY STUDIES ESSAYS World War II Military Currency ... E-MAIL History of Japanese Currencies If you click each page number, the screen will change, and an explanation with photos will appear. Currency Data are here Emergence of Japanese Currency (B.C.-A.D.11) Origin of Japanese Currency First Japanese Currency Copper Coins of Ancient Japan Use of Chinese Coins (A.D.12-16) Use of Imported Chinese Coins Use of Privately Minted Japanese Coins Establishment of Japanese Currency System (16th century to 19th century) Gold and Silver Coins Minted by Local Lords Gold and Silver Coins Minted by Toyotomi Hideyoshi Currency Issued by the Tokugawa Shogunate Government Emergence of Paper Money Gold Coins in Edo Period Minting of Gold Coins Silver Coins in Edo Period Circulation of Gold and Silver Coins in Edo Period Base Metal Coins in Edo Period Oban (thin oval gold coins) in Edo Period Period of the "Yen" (19th century to the present) Paper Money immediately aftter the Meiji Restoration Birth of the "Yen" Government Notes National Banknotes Foundation of the Bank of Japan Bank of Japan Notes Enactment of the "Coins Law" Paper Money under the "Managed Currency System" Currency during World War II World War II Military Currency New Banknotes after the War TO TOP CURRENCY DATA

64. On2 Money / A History Of Money The Euro The Value of Silver Securing Money NOVA s history of Money Currently, the $100 bill is the largest currency note in circulation. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/on2/money/history.html

Click to see an interactive timeline of money The Euro The Value of Silver Securing Money NOVA's History of Money Way Before the Benjamins... Money is a fact of life, it always has been. So as long as there has been an America, there have been many different kinds of currency. WAMPUM So you think carrying change in your pocket could be a pain? How about lugging around strings of beads made from the clam shells? That is precisely what Native American tribes had to do. These beaded shells, called wampum, were the most common form of money in North America. By 1637, the Massachusetts Bay Colony declared wampum legal tender (ok to use as money). CONTINENTALS We’re not talking about your grandparents car, here. What we are talking are America’s original ‘bucks’. To finance the American Revolutionary, Congress authorized the first printing of currency by the new republic. But without the strong financial backing of gold or silver, the Continentals quickly devalued and were soon worthless - thus the expression, "not worth a continental." WILDCAT AND BROKEN NOTES Although these notes were actually issued by banks, they were as worthless as Monopoly money - maybe even less than that. With Monopoly money, you could at least put up a hotel on Park Place.

65. NOVA Online | Secrets Of Making Money | The History Of Money | PBS The cowrie is the most widely and longest used currency in history. 1000 BC First Metal Money and Coins Bronze and Copper cowrie imitations were http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/moolah/history.html

The History of Money In the Beginning: Barter Barter is the exchange of resources or services for mutual advantage, and may date back to the beginning of humankind. Some would even argue that it's not purely a human activity; plants and animals have been bartering in symbiotic relationships for millions of years. In any case, barter among humans certainly pre-dates the use of money. Today individuals, organizations, and governments still use, and often prefer, barter as a form of exchange of goods and services. 9,000 6,000 BC: Cattle Cattle, which include anything from cows, to sheep, to camels, are the first and oldest form of money. With the advent of agriculture came the use of grain and other vegetable or plant products as a standard form of barter in many cultures. 1,200 BC: Cowrie Shells The first use of cowries, the shell of a mollusc that was widely available in the shallow waters of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, was in China. Historically, many societies have used cowries as money, and even as recently as the middle of this century, cowries have been used in some parts of Africa. The cowrie is the most widely and longest used currency in history. 1,000 BC: First Metal Money and Coins

66. Economic And Financial Affairs - The Euro, Our Currency Includes a history of the creation of the Euro. http://europa.eu.int/comm/economy_finance/euro/our_currency_en.htm

en EUROPA European Commission Economic and Financial Affairs ... The Euro: Our Currency The Euro: Our Currency Contact Search Sitemap About ... Tenders Related Welcome Sitemap Glossary Contacts Welcome to the European Commission’s website on the euro, Europe’s single currency. The euro is the currency of twelve European Union countries, stretching from the Mediterranean to the Arctic Circle (namely Belgium, Germany, Greece, Spain, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal and Finland). Euro banknotes and coins have been in circulation since 1 January 2002 and are now a part of daily life for over 300 million Europeans living in the euro area. To find out more about Europe’s currency, choose one of the options below Euro notes and coins Origins of the euro Changeover from national currencies The use of the euro in the world ... Frequently Asked Questions

67. Money, Value, And Monetary History Money, Value, and Monetary history. after Milton Friedman Its power to issue Federal Reserve Notes led to our present currency. Return to text http://www.friesian.com/money.htm

Money, Value, and Monetary History after Milton Friedman One of the rights which the freeman has always guarded with most jealous care is that of enjoying the rewards of his own industry. Realizing the power to tax is the power to destroy, and that the power to take a certain amount of property or of income is only another way of saying that for a certain proportion of his time a citizen must work for the government, authority to impose a tax upon the people must be carefully guarded.... It condemns the citizen to servitude. President Calvin Coolidge Practices of the unscrupulous money-changers stand indicted in the court of public opinion....Yes, the money-changers have fled from their high seats in the temple of our civilization. We may now restore that temple to the ancient truths. The measure of that restoration lies in the extent to which we apply social values more noble than mere monetary profit. Franklin Roosevelt [ ], First Inaugural Address, 1933 As Milton Friedman says in Money Mischief [HBJ, 1992], anything can be money: stones, iron, gold, tobacco, silver, shells, cigarettes, copper, paper, nickel, etc. What makes these things money is not what they are, but what they are used for. They may have value in themselves, like gold ("commodity" money), or they may not ("credit" money, which means banknotes, bank deposits, tokens, markers, etc.); but their value as money is separate from their intrinsic value. What gives money value as such is that it is, or can be, used for exchange, replacing the original human system of trade, which was barter.

68. History Of US Paper Money The history of US Paper Money. In the early days of the nation, American colonists issued paper currency for the Continental Congress to finance the http://www.ronscurrency.com/rhist.htm

The History of U.S. Paper Money In the early days of the nation, before and just after the revolution, Americans used English, Spanish, and French money. 1690 Colonial Notes The Massachusetts Bay Colony issued the first paper money in the colonies which would later form the United States. 1775 Continental Currency American colonists issued paper currency for the Continental Congress to finance the Revolutionary War. The notes were backed by the "anticipation" of tax revenues. Without solid backing and easily counterfeited, the notes quickly became devalued, giving rise to the phrase "not worth a Continental." 1781 Nation's First Bank Also to support the Revolutionary War, the continental Congress chartered the Bank of North America in Philadelphia as the nation's first "real" bank. 1785 The Dollar The Continental Congress determined that the official monetary system would be based on the dollar, but the first coin representing the start of this system would not be struck for several years. 1791 First U.S. Bank

69. Index2 Information about currency boards, their history, how they work and understanding them. http://users.erols.com/kurrency/

CURRENCY BOARDS AND DOLLARIZATION: www.dollarization.org Site maintained by Kurt Schuler . Some material requires a PDF reader. New stuff Currency boards Dollarization Material on related topics ... Miscellaneous New stuff Tables of modern monetary systems: A set of country tables covering monetary authorities and official exchange rate arrangements since the advent of paper moneynot just episodes of currency board and dollarization, but all systems. I am working continent by continent, trying to achieve coverage of all countries by the end of 2006. Comments welcome. A general explanation of the tables in the country listings. (Be warned: the country listings themselves, which are below, are quite long and may be slow in downloading.) Country listings, organized by region: Africa, Asia, and Australia and Pacific (the latest addition, May 2005). Comments welcome. Combined references and tables for Africa, Asia, Australia and Pacific. An essay on African monetary history. Coming next: the Americas (late 2005, I hope) and some revisions of earlier material in light of further research, reader comments, and second thoughts (also late 2005). Dollarization: Some Theory and History of Dollarization,

70. Iranian / Persian Currency And Coins - Online Gallery Of Iranian The Iranian unit of currency is Rial Internationally abbreviated to RI or Ris, Send your questions, suggestions and Toman/Rial history images to http://www.farsinet.com/toman/

Toman - Rial - Iranian / Persian Currency Persian / Iranian Currency 10 Rials = 1 Toman Reza Shah Pahlavi: Azarbaijan: Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi: (50th Anniversary), Islamic Republic Of Iran: Iranian Coins Rial Exchange Rate Exchange Rate history Rial Exchange Freeze ... FAQ Auctions ebay Auction Yahoo Auction Other Related Links Armen Iranian Bank Notes Iranvisions' Currency Persian Stamp Collection Currency and Banking The Iranian unit of currency is Rial - Internationally abbreviated to RI or Ris, which is divided into 100 Dinars. Every 10 Rials is also know as 1 Toman (Toe'man). The Bank Markazi (Central Bank), established in 1960 and operated by the government, is the bank of issue. Commercial banking, nationalized and reorganized in 1979, includes some seven major banks. Coins are available in denominations of 10, 50, 100, and 250 Rial . bank notes in denominations of 100, 200, 500 ,1000 , 2000 , 5000 and 10000 Rials In the good old times, Coins were available in 50 Dinars (10 Shahi, 1/2 Rial), 1, 2, 5, and 10 Rilas. Bank notes were available in denominations of 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000 and 10000 Rials. (See left list for samples of old and new Iranian Currency coins and Bank notes) Q: I have 85,000 Iranian Rials. How much, if anything, might this be worth in American dollors?

71. Iranian Currency - Money Exchange In US, Europe Canada - Iranian The currency of Iran is the Iranian Rial. From early 80s to 2001, Iran had a multiexchange-rate system Iran currency Exchange Rate history 1975 - 2005 http://www.farsinet.com/toman/exchange.html

Toman - Rial - Iranian / Persian Currency Persian / Iranian Currency 10 Rials = 1 Toman Reza Shah Pahlavi: Azarbaijan: Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi: (50th Anniversary), Islamic Republic Of Iran: Iranian Coins Rial Exchange Rate Exchange Rate history Rial Exchange Freeze ... FAQ Auctions ebay Auction Yahoo Auction Other Related Links Armen Iranian Bank Notes Iranvisions' Currency Persian Stamp Collection Key Features of the Iran Exchange System The currency of Iran is the Iranian Rial. From early 80s to 2001, Iran had a multi-exchange-rate system; one of these rates, the official floating exchange rate, by which most essential goods were imported, averaged 1,750 rials per US dollar; in March 2002, the multi-exchange-rate system was converged into one rate at about 7,900 rials per US dollar The English-language Tehran Times on Monday February 1, 1999 urged the government to scrap the different rates in favour of a unified exchange rate. "A single rate will help wipe out the black market and cure the nation's ailing economy as well." The Unofficial - Street Exchange Rate is the most widely used exchange rate among small businesses and private transactions. These rates listed below are the most accurate indicative of true exchange rate. US Dollar is the most widely used foreign currency and the new $100 bills are preferred for street transactions and get the best rate.

72. Bank Of Canada - Currency Museum In 1959, the Bank of Canada proposed the idea of forming a currency collection to preserve, with a particular focus on the history of Canada’s currency. http://www.currencymuseum.ca/eng/collection/index.php

Browse the Collection The paper money, coins, and tokens of the French Regime used in Canada from about 1645 to 1760 and the fall of New France. Become a Collector Discover the joys of numismatics. Browse the Collection The paper money, coins, and tokens of the French Regime used in Canada from about 1645 to 1760 and the fall of New France. Become a Collector Discover the joys of numismatics. ... Articles, forums, and other research carried out by the staff of the National Currency Collection.

73. National Currency Of Ukraine The National currency of Ukraine. history, information and news. http://hryvna.dnepr.net/ENG/start.html

74. Money - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Likewise it might keep a cash box that has some currency that holds market value. Governments through history have often switched to forms of fiat money http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money

Money From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For other uses, see Money (disambiguation) Money Money is any marketable good or token used by a society as a store of value, a medium of exchange, and a unit of account. Since the needs arise naturally, societies organically create a money object when none exists. In other cases, a central authority creates a money object; this is more frequently the case in modern societies with paper money. The value of money emerges in no small part from its utility as a medium of exchange, however its utility as a medium of exchange depends on it having recognised market value. Hence these two aspects of money are interdependent. Commodity money was the first form of money to emerge. Under a commodity money system, the object used as money has inherent value . It is usually adopted to simplify transactions in a barter economy; thus it functions first as a medium of exchange. It quickly begins functioning as a store of value, since holders of perishable goods can easily convert them into durable money. In modern economies, commodity money has also been used as a unit of account. Gold-backed currency notes are a common form of commodity money.

75. RUSSIAN CURRENCY - Destination Russia After currency reform of 1534 all cash system was unified and ruble remained a monetary unit, PostUSSR history of ruble is quite sorrowful. http://www.destinationrussia.com/htm/infcurrenc0f.htm

HOME HOTELS APARTMENTS VISAS ... CITY GUIDES INFORMATION myAccount General News History ... Guide Books Russian Currency RUBLE is the Old Russian payment and monetary unit, this coin was existing in ancient times, in middle centuries, in USSR, RSFSR, in Russia and Belorussia. In ancient times it had few names: ruble, ruble tselkovyi, tselkovyi. In accordance with historical sources word Ruble appeared in Novgorod, in XIII century and first meant a name of Novgorod Grivna (grivna looks like a bar of silver). Ruble was used as payment facility since the middle of XV century. Weight of grivna was equal to common weight standard of that period - grivna or grivenka had to be equal to 204 gram, and 200 coins (deneg or rubles) was produced from each Grivna. Simply, each bar of silver (grivna) was cut from end to equal pieces (please look at the picture below). Ruble as a mean of payment was known in neighboring countries quite well. So, historians says that before 1413 Belorussian Ruble was equal to 100 Prague groshes (coins), in XVI-XVIII century - to 100 Lithuanian groshes (coins) or 125 Poland groshes. Ruble was used as payment facility since the middle of XV century. Weight of grivna was equal to common weight standard of that period - grivna or grivenka had to be equal to 204 gram, and 200 coins (deneg or rubles) was produced from each Grivna. Simply, each bar of silver (grivna) was cut from end to equal pieces. Ruble as a mean of payment was known in neighboring countries quite well. So, historians says that before 1413 Belorussian Ruble was equal to 100 Prague groshes (coins), in XVI-XVIII century - to 100 Lithuanian groshes (coins) or 125 Poland groshes.

76. United States Secret Service: Know Your Money - Counterfeit Awareness history of United States currency. Early American colonists used English, Spanish, and French money while they were under English rule. http://www.secretservice.gov/money_history.shtml

KNOW YOUR MONEY History of United States Currency Early American colonists used English, Spanish, and French money while they were under English rule. However, in 1775, when the Revolutionary War became inevitable, the Continental Congress authorized the issuance of currency to finance the conflict. Paul Revere made the first plates for this "Continental Currency". Those notes were redeemable in Spanish Milled Dollars. The depreciation of this currency gave rise to the phrase "not worth a Continental". After the U.S. Constitution was ratified, Congress passed the "Mint Act" of April 2, 1792, which established the coinage system of the United States and the dollar as our principal unit of currency. By this Act, we became the first country in the world to adopt the decimal system for currency. The first U.S. coins were struck in 1793 at the Philadelphia Mint and presented to Martha Washington. The Government did not issue paper money as we know it today until 1861. In the interim years, however, the Government did issue "Treasury Notes" intermittently during periods of financial stress, such as the War of 1812, the Mexican War of 1846, and the Panic of 1857. During this same period (1793 - 1861), approximately 1,600 private banks were permitted to print and circulate their own paper currency under State Charters. Eventually, 7,000 varieties of these "State Bank Notes" were put in circulation, each carrying a different design!

77. BBC News | Europe | Euro Cash | Spent Currencies With the arrival of the euro, 12 of Europe s currencies will pass into history. It is the biggest currency changeover Europe has ever seen. http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/business/2001/euro_cash/spent_c

Home TV Radio Talk ... and you Spent currencies Austrian schilling Belgian franc Finnish markka French franc German mark Greek drachma Italian lira Irish punt Luxembourg franc Netherlands guilder Portugese escudo Spanish peseta With the arrival of the euro, 12 of Europe's currencies will pass into history. It is the biggest currency changeover Europe has ever seen. But for most of the eurozone countries this is just the latest in a series of transformations. The spent currencies tell the story of Europe. Currencies came and went as different rulers and occupiers held sway. And as countries gained their independence, they issued coins and notes with the emblems of their nationhood. Click on the notes to find out about each of the 12 spent currencies. See also: The origins of Europe's currencies Back to Top News Sources Privacy

78. History Of The Euro history of the Euro. The Euro and you Spent currencies. history of the Euro. The euro was launched on 1 January 1999 as an electronic currency and became http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/business/2001/euro_cash/history

Home TV Radio Talk ... Euro cash History of the Euro The Euro and you Spent currencies The euro was launched on 1 January 1999 as an electronic currency and became legal tender on 1 January 2002, but attempts to create a single currency go back 20 years. This chart shows the value of the euro (before 1999 as a basket of the 11 legacy currencies) against the US dollar. Hover or Click on the graphic below History of the Euro Twelve of the 15 EU countries (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Austria, Finland, Greece and Ireland) are members of the eurozone. On 1 January 2002 the euro replaced the old national currencies. As the chart shows, European currencies have always fluctuated against the dollar, even as debates have raged about the euro. Back to Top News Sources Privacy

79. J. - Jewish Money Expert Explores Heritage, History And for those with an interest in Jewish history, he added, coins of preIsrael Palestine and the original currency from the early state of Israel. http://www.jewishsf.com/content/2-0-/module/displaystory/story_id/26515/format/h

Friday September 16, 2005 - Thursday September 22, 2005 Printer Friendly Email to A Friend Friday July 29, 2005 Jewish money expert explores heritage, history by lee bialik j. intern Scholars and collectors are turning the negative stereotype about Jews and money on its head. Take Don Kagin, for instance. He said he is the only American with a Ph.D. in numismatics (the study of money). He is also president of the nation’s second-oldest numismatics firm, Kagin’s, in Tiburon, where he lives. And he’s certainly passionate about money. But it’s the coins themselves he’s interested in. “(Jews) have always been merchants, and how much more merchant can you get than handling money, especially not only as a business but as a collectible,” he said. “There is no greater artifact about a civilization, a culture and a people than their coinage.” Coins, he noted, can reveal secrets about economics, history, political science, language, metallurgy, society and fashion in a single artifact. And for those with an interest in Jewish history, he added, there are coins and paper money with Jewish themes or Hebrew letters, coins from early Jewish civilizations such as the Bar-Kochba era, coins of pre-Israel Palestine and the original currency from the early state of Israel. Jewish-related coins and bills, along with many others, can be found at the American Numismatic Association’s free World’s Fair of Money on display through Sunday, July 31 at the Moscone Center in San Francisco.

80. AA-Banknotes - Collectable Paper Money: Banknotes, Cheques, Etc. World Paper currency, Old Bank Notes, Old American Bank Checks, British and World Others collect notes from one period in history WW2 for example. http://www.aanotes.com/

www.AAnotes.com No.1 in Collectable Paper Money! World Paper Currency, Old Bank Notes, Old American Bank Checks, British and World Cheques with price lists, information and pictures of banknotes and other paper money CLICK TO ENTER: NEW STOCK NOW IN! Banknoten Papiergeld Billets de Banque Bankbiljetten Papier Monnaie Cedulas Estrangeiras Cartamoneta Banconota Notas de Banco Banconote Banknotai Banknoty Back to Main Contents BANKNOTE COLLECTING Notaphily for Fun, Profit, and Enlightenment! This introduction reveals the basics of paper money collecting, including: * the hobby's attractions * why it is growing in popularity * the fundamentals of paper currency collecting * how surprisingly inexpensive it can be * housing and displaying your collection What are the attractions of collecting paper money? This exciting hobby - known by some as notaphily - is growing in popularity for many reasons. For one thing it's becoming increasingly easy to find interesting and attractive banknotes from around the world - notes with considerable historical, cultural and visual appeal - and often for only a few cents each. A

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