61. Starwood Billing In Guest S Currency Visa in a statement acknowledged such alternatives as dynamic currency conversion and told consumers, Visa requires that you are provided a meaningful http://www.btnmag.com/businesstravelnews/global/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_

62. Operational Alternatives ACT currency Partner offers stateof-the-art currency risk management services. http://www.act-currency.ch/products/products/operational.html

Operational Alternatives ACT Currency Partner AG Seefeldstrasse 94 Switzerland Tel: +41 (0) 43 499 06 40 Fax: +41 (0) 43 499 06 41 E-mail: info@act-currency.ch Managed Accounts ACT Currency Partner possesses the power of attorney to hedge customer exposures according to a detailed agreement. We operate through reputable banks, which confirm and settle the trades directly with the customer. Trades settlement is normally made once every quarter leading to only one cash flow per quarter per currency pair, which significantly simplifies the currency management process. Customer funds do not cross ACT Currency Partner at any time during the life cycle of a trade. Such a solution has proved to be the most cost efficient and least complicated way to operate a currency overlay program. Structured Notes Tailor-Made Funds Tailor-made funds are an alternative to the Structured Note with similar characteristics. before proceeding.

63. Alternatives community trading network that uses a local currency to facilitate the justice issues while also promoting positive alternatives and solutions. http://www.zing.icom43.net/alt.html

Home A-Z Quick list Animal rights Censorship ... Streets before Cars Alternatives Is there a broken or missing link? Please help by emailing it here Autonomous Centre of Edinburgh (ACE) is a self funded campaigning and social centre, for people who wish to take control of their lives by working collectively against social, economic and ecological injustice and exploitation; rather than looking to politicians, bosses and bureaucrats for solutions. ACE, 17 West Montgomery Place, EH7 5HA. Tel: 0131 557 6242. Email: ace@autonomous.org.uk Campaign For Real Events is a voluntary group providing renewable energy and 'alt tech' support for art projects. Email: info@c-realevents.demon.co.uk Cornerstone Resource Centre plays host to a wide variety of groups. Some groups just use it as permanent mail address thus avoiding problems when people move house, they just pick up their mail every now and again. This has the added advantage that if the forces of darkness decide to take interest in their activities then we don't know where they live or who they are. Cornerstone Resource Centre, 16 Sholebroke Avenue, Chapeltown, Leeds, UK LS7 3HB. Tel: (0113) 262 9365 Email: Conerstone@cornerstonehousing.org.uk

64. Live Without Money? Here are some alternatives to an individual and collective life without money Meanwhile an alternative currency was established, the Creditos . http://www.ranking-check.de/informationen/lump/en/_ohne_geld.html

Life without money... But with alternatives "the life is too expensive!", I always hear. But only, if one makes oneself dependent on the money, legend I is correct. One can ask oneself for example with each thing, which one wants to buy,: Do I really need that? Completely fast one will notice that one buys very much redundant, many more dresses for example, than one actually braeuchte. Kuck nevertheless, as you could enjoy your life with fewer moneys nevertheless better. Do you have to really drink 5 beer in a tavern for example? Can't one have simply fun with friends, without spending money? Does one have to fly with an organized journey abroad and remain there in the hotel? Isn't the journey with backpack and sleeping bag with friends more interesting and more exciting? Does one have to afterwards-run its life long the money, submit to the rhythm of the money and sacrifice oneself thereby the stress so that no more time remains to profit from the prosperity to and enjoy the life? Run to be filled in order to accumulate money - and around the cabinet with things be exploited for their production millions children in poor countries. Things, which does not use, thrown away or simply in the cabinet lie to be left. And that, while thousands before poverty die? Here are some alternatives to an individual and collective life without money Individual initiatives/methods, without money to lives

65. World Bank Board Approves IBRD Local Currency Financial Products The local currency financial products will be confined to the local loans and also obtain access to a range of embedded risk management alternatives. http://treasury.worldbank.org/Services/Financial Products/Latest News/January 11

66. FREE ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL ALTERNATIVE direct democracy and economic alternatives promoting fair trade and environmental If you would like to start trading with the XAT Alternative currency, http://www.xat.org/xat/alternative.html

Page 1 of 4 FREE ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL ALTERNATIVE. ALTERNATIVE DIRECT DEMOCRACY. ALTERNATIVE GREEN ECONOMICS. ALTERNATIVE PEACEFUL REVOLUTION. The World's Alternative Trading Network and Specialized Direct Democracy XAT 4 (for short) XAT3 is now complete and in final preparation for printing. (Day of print will be day of Bonus Rise). With special thanks to all who contributed towards it's completion, we invite your continued participatiion in the creation of XAT4. Last updated 25/05/04 FOREWORD XAT is not a project put together by academics, but one created by people who want to share some positive alternatives. What we want to produce with XAT is an ideas centre that everyone can contribute to, however, the means by which we simply bring everyone's ideas together is proving to be, in practice a very complicated project in itself. As a result we are constantly trying to improve upon our current system and any suggestions you may have to help make the communication among members easier is always going to be greatly appreciated, especially as we are finding an increase in the amount of people contacting us wanting to add their thoughts and/or talk to others of a like mind. As time goes on XAT relies more and more on contributions received by e-mail and through its Internet Forum and is continually being enriched by these additions. Eventually we envisage XAT being maintained by all its members equally sharing and cooperating with each other. While a self governing system may at first seem a bit of a daydream, there are plenty of good examples now emerging around the world of companies

67. A-Infos Hyper-Archive: (en) Alternatives To The MAI (en) alternatives to the MAI. Dave Cull (dcull@mail.island.net) tax authority * the regulation of currency speculation and * safeguards for labour, http://www.ainfos.ca/A-Infos97/4/0555.html

(en) Alternatives to the MAI Dave Cull ( dcull@mail.island.net Sat, 22 Nov 97 11:31:56 Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] Next message: Robert Cherwink: "(en) HEADWATERS UPDATE/ ACTION ALERT/ Local Anarchist Pies Hurwitz" Previous message: Shawn Ewald: "(en) Oregon farm worker campaign" A AA AAAA The A-Infos News Service AA AA AA AA INFOSINFOSINFOS http://www.tao.ca/ainfos/ AAAA AAAA AAAAA AAAAA *** Better Than The MAI *** Defeating the MAI will be easier if we suggest something in its place. This article examines just one of many reasons why the MAI should be stopped. It then suggests an alternative form of agreement that would better serve the world. This approach may be helpful to anyone fighting the MAI. Please pass it on. THE MAI WOULD HELP COMPANIES AVOID EXTERNAL COSTS To avoid disastrous consequences it is necessary to account for resource depletion, pollution and social break-down. Until we acknowledge that these things threaten our well-being, development will proceed as though it can do no harm and it will destroy us. The MAI would make it difficult to acknowledge these costs and impossible to insist that they be paid. Externalities are costs which can be avoided. They are different from the costs of materials, labour and the use of space, which have to be paid and are always included in the price of products. Costs resulting from resource depletion, pollution or social break-down do not have to be paid unless payment is required by some authority. At present, it is common practice to enhance competitiveness by ignoring as many externalities as possible.

68. Maurer, B.: Mutual Life, Limited: Islamic Banking, Alternative Currencies, Later Islamic banking is revealed to have much in common with local currency schemes, both being alternatives to capitalist finance based on interest. http://www.pupress.princeton.edu/titles/7998.html

SEARCH: Keywords Author Title More Options Power Search Search Hints E-MAIL NOTICES NEW IN PRINT E-BOOKS ... HOME PAGE Mutual Life, Limited: Islamic Banking, Alternative Currencies, Lateral Reason Bill Maurer Shopping Cart Endorsements Table of Contents Chapter 1 [HTML] or [PDF format] Why are people continually surprised to discover that money is "just" meaning? Mutual Life, Limited spends time among those who, in acknowledging the fictions of finance, are making money anew. It documents ongoing efforts to remake money and finance by Islamic bankers who seek to avoid interest and local currency proponents who would stand outside of national economies. It asks how alternative moneys both escape and reenact dominant forms of money and finance, and reflects critically on their broader implications for scholarship. Based on fieldwork among participants in a local currency system in Ithaca, New York, and among Islamic banking practitioners in the United States, Indonesia, and elsewhere, this book exploits the convergence between the reflexivity of monetary alternatives and social inquiry by questioning the equivalence between money and ethnography. Can money ever be adequate to the value backing it? Can social description ever be adequate to messy and contingent realities? Bill Maurer's ethnographic discovery is that ethnography as suchthe holistic description of a way of lifecannot be sustained when faced with a set of practices that anticipates and incorporates it in advance. His fluently written book represents an unprecedented critique of social scientific approaches to money through an ethnographic description of specific monetary alternatives, while also speaking broadly to the very problem of anthropological knowledge in the twenty-first century.

69. Prof Week 12 Privatizing Money, III Further alternatives to Central Banking Commitment to deflate currency increases real value of total stock, http://www.gmu.edu/departments/economics/bcaplan/e918/MON12.html

Prof. Bryan Caplan bcaplan@gmu.edu http://www.gmu.edu/departments/economics/bcaplan Econ 918 Spring, 1998 Week 12: Privatizing Money, III: Further Alternatives to Central Banking The "New Monetary Economics" The "New Monetary Economics" is a broad label covering a wide variety of alternatives to traditional single-base-money systems (whether fiat or commodity). Three strands: Multicommodity standards Private fiat money Money without a monetary base Recurring themes Interest on currency and its ramifications. Monetary disequilibria created by existence of a single monetary base. Multicommodity Standards Historical commodity standards typically have only one good serve as the monetary base, but why do this? I.e., instead of defining $1=1/20 oz. gold, define $1=(1/100 oz. gold + 5 lbs. tin + 3 liters of Coke +...). Or even $1=$1 in 1997 CPI. It is not particularly convenient to redeem $1 worth of the 1997 CPI. But that is not a problem. Just pay out $1 worth of the 1997 CPI in the most convenient single commodity - which could even be gold. No need for banks to keep a bizarre warehouse stocked with finely divided quantities of every good on the market. So every day the CPI value of $1 is constant, but each day the amount of gold - or pork bellies, or human blood - you can receive in exchange for $1 fluctuates. If public ceases to hold base money, then banks nevertheless use the same multicommodity standard to settle clearings.

70. Indonesia Community Currency System Both traditional and novel alternatives to this sytem have all but been silenced or Jeff Powell, CUSO Cooperant, Thailand Community currency Systems http://www.appropriate-economics.org/asia/indonesia/indo.html

CUSO Asia-Pacific Sustainable Economic Alternatives Program The Economic Alternatives program of CUSO Asia-Pacific looks at alternatives to the dominant neoliberal economic system that underpins most thinking about the allocation of resources. This is the same economic system that makes most people poor, increases wealth disparities between economic-social classes, sacrifices the environment to short-term gain, and inevitably leads to bubble economies such as Thailand and much of Asia in 1997. Despite the rhetoric, the neoliberal system puts more value on money than on real goods and services or on people. Both traditional and novel alternatives to this sytem have all but been silenced or ignored in international and national policy dialogues, in the media, and in economic faculties and institutions. CUSO agrees with the identification of two mechanisms which allow this to happen: the money system and the market system. There are probably more. CUSO, supported by 700,000 individual contributors and the Canadian Government is supporting several alternative economic projects in the Asia-Pacific region including Community Shared Agriculture (CSA), Micro-Enterprise support, Community Health and Economic Literacy. CUSO is interested in exploring methods to tie these various projects together using different methods of exchange that suit the local community and culture, and may involve the use of a parallel or alternative type of currency. This project was initiated by CUSO Thailand in 1997-2000 and CUSO Indonesia will begin a similar program in the 2000-2002 period.

71. Foreign Affairs - Alternatives For Germany - Allen W. Dulles alternatives for Germany Allen W. Dulles From Foreign Affairs, April 1947 The oversupply of currency is a major cause of economic stagnation. http://www.foreignaffairs.org/19470401faessay25031a-p20/allen-w-dulles/alternati

Advanced Search Alternatives for Germany Allen W. Dulles From Foreign Affairs April 1947 Summary: This article is based on discussions in a group of members of the Council on Foreign Relations who have been studying the German problem. It is not to be taken as representing the views of the Council, which does not itself take a position on public questions, or of all the individual members of the group, some of whom were in disagreement on specific points. (Author's Note.) During World War II, Allen W. Dulles served as the Bern station chief for the Office of Strategic Services. He later served as the head of the successor organization, the Central Intelligence Agency, from 1953 to 1961. [continued...] German finances. The restoration of German economy and the revival of foreign trade will not be fully effective without a drastic currency reform and the establishment of a foreign exchange rate. The oversupply of currency is a major cause of economic stagnation. The excess of money over goods, and the lack of confidence in the currency, reduce the incentive to work; wages will buy too little. Drastic financial reforms which go to the heart of the structure of property ownership cannot be carried out, even on restricted scale, without affecting all property relationships. An attempt to introduce such reforms in only one or two zones, the British and American for example, not only would encounter great practical difficulties, but might prejudice eventual unification with other zones.

72. Internet Alternatives Internet alternatives Where s The Content? Any currencies (please identify currency in letter). Send it snail. Make it sail through the hands of MEAT. http://www.altx.com/amerika.online/amerika.online.1.2.html

Internet Alternatives: Where's The Content? Mark Amerika (c) 1994 Mark Amerika If Content is King, or a Love Goddess with an endless future lost in the hyper-Utopia of its ongoing Space, then the Internet is like some slum-dog trying to find a bone to lick in the sweltering shadows of the meat-packed neighborhood. Technology is ripping us right through our brains grounding itself in the liquid DNA that seeps inside our bodies and all we can do is stare in front of our monitors wondering when computers and TVs will meet in a holy matrimony that will replace the Social Realm forever. I can't wait. The most exciting thing about the Internet isn't the geek- talk that initiated its existence in the electrosphere, it's the growing underground network of do-me anarchists beginning to seize the means of distribution that has made mass media such a monopolist farce. Finally, a supposed free press, where the zamisdat becomes the new nuclear family, or maybe it could be de-nuclearized, like some floating pupil in the classroom of your universal eye. Who here can see what I mean? Internet can become a writer's dream. Your audience is sort of built-in just by being connected. Being connected is what Amerika is all about. This is where Mr. Thomas Jefferson devised his own private Utopia, writing out his saleable product (The Constitution of a People Free-Floating In Heavy Interzones). This is cyberspace. Anyone for a hypertextual romp in the webbified hay?

73. There Are Alternatives To Globalization this very well in Australia because the Australian dollar is the sixth most traded currency in the world. Therefore we need to find alternatives. http://www.dunedinmethodist.org.nz/just/glob.htm

Globalization there are alternatives W.C.C. reprinted from PQ Broadsheet

74. Economic Alternatives As Strategies. Chapter 12 Of Nonviolence Versus Capitalism Here three other economic alternatives1 are considered community exchange Sometimes the currency automatically depreciates with timefor example http://www.uow.edu.au/arts/sts/bmartin/pubs/01nvc/nvc12.html

Economic alternatives as strategies Chapter 12 of Nonviolence versus capitalism by Brian Martin (London: War Resisters' International, 2001) Go to: Contents page Notes Brian Martin's website One fruitful way to develop strategies is to work out components of the goal and then turn them into methods. This approach has the great advantage that the goal is built into the method, so that there is less chance of the strategy serving the wrong ends. Nonviolence itself exemplifies this approach of using the goal as a strategy. The goal is a society without organised violence, in which conflict is dealt with using nonviolent methods. To achieve this goal, a key method is nonviolent action. This gives experience in using nonviolent action, refines understanding of nonviolence as a goal, and helps overcome reliance on violent methods. For a nonviolence strategy against capitalism, turning goals into methods means working out a nonviolent economic alternative to capitalism and then turning the alternativeor a component of itinto a method for change. This can be a highly effective approach. One economic alternative is promoting cooperatives, which are collective enterprises in agriculture, manufacturing, retail, services or any of a number of areas. In cooperatives, workers and users are in control, without bosses. Decisions are made participatively, typically by consensus or voting. Cooperatives are enterprises run by workers' control, a strategy that was analysed in chapter 7. As a strategy, cooperatives are more commonly built from scratch by a group of people committed to a collective, self-managing approach, whereas workers' control can occur by workers taking over an existing enterprise.

75. UMBC Institute For Global Electronic Commerce ecTechWeb TECHNOLOGY Electronic payment alternatives to money 0; beenz the web s currency Who points to it? 0 - This reminds me of those arcades http://www.igec.umbc.edu/ecTech/web/_TECHNOLOGY/Electronic_payment/Alternatives_

IGEC UMBC About News ... Electronic payment Alternatives to money Netcentives - "Netcentives is the leading developer of online rewards and loyalty programs in the new era of e-commerce. " MyPoints.com - Surf the net, earn points, spend them (and some $) with their partners. ClickRewards CyberGold beenz - the web's currency - This reminds me of those arcades where you win tickets and if you collect about 1000 tickets you can turn them in for a key chain. Comments and URL suggestions to ectech-owner@igec.umbc.edu . Hits in red shows inverse links to URL. Generated with

76. Cost-benefit Value-for-money Talk try to express all values costs benefits - in a common currency. All allowable alternatives regarded as the same cost; Better learning for the http://www.elec.gla.ac.uk/TILT/cbtalk/cbtalk.html

Investing in Learning Based on talks given by Gordon Doughty and Robin Shaw 1997-2000 Structure of this presentation Improving quality, cost, time s Cost effectiveness Case studies: drugs simulation electronics Benefits for no extra cost Case studies: electricity conferencing assessment Finally ... Better benefits:costs ratio Case studies: skills language maths often by using high quality Resource Based Learning, with keynote lectures and individual learning support. We show how evaluating an investment in Learning Technology can be simple in many cases. We claim that most successful Learning Technology innovations must be led by teachers, trainers and course teams. use the language and concepts of costs, benefits and value-for-money to evaluate and negotiate their cases for investment We urge those at higher levels to face the complexities that are obscured by considering all costs and benefits in financial terms alone. The good news IT tools permit better human activities The bad news we need to invest in IT What can change in teaching?

77. Welcome To The GW Center For The Study Of Globalization! The Chinese currency Background and the Current Debate. Yang, Jiawen, Associate Professor of WTO Protesting Globalization What Are the alternatives? http://gstudynet.com/gwcsg/publications/monographs.php

var sc_project=213625; var sc_invisible=1; @import "http://gstudynet.com/gwcsg/stylesheets/all.css"; GW Center for the Study of Globalization Global E-Zine Monographs Occasional Paper Series Recent Publications Who We Are What We Do Highlights Publications Monographs GWCSG'S Globalization Monographs publication series The Chinese Currency: Background and the Current Debate Yang, Jiawen, Associate Professor of International Business and International Affairs China's economic growth and increasing trade surplus with the United States has aroused heated debate on whether the Chinese currency, the Renminbi (RMB), is undervalued and whether China should revalue or float its currency immediately. Download the full document (pdf). Sino-US Trade Relations Yang, Jiawen, Associate Professor of International Business and International Affairs In this Globalization Monograph, Professor Yang provides a brief introduction to the complicated modern history of trade relations between the China and United States. Download the full document (pdf).

78. IRC Bulletin - Number 52: A World Of Alternatives Each of these fair trade alternatives approach the issue somewhat differently. With the global nature of the world’s economy, local currency cannot http://www.irc-online.org/content/bulletin/bull52.php

About Us Site Map Search Media Center ... Feedback (formerly the Interhemispheric Resource Center) M a r c h 1 9 9 9 - N u m b e r 5 2 More Than One Way A World of Alternatives Contents: l Alternative Sustainable Development l Fair Trade l Types of Countertrade l Alternative Trade Agreements l Resources l A Bibliographic Guide to Alternatives Alternative Sustainable Development The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) were founded at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, in July 1944 at the first United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference. The economists and world leaders who were the architects of those two institutions were motivated by the belief that the potential for world economic growth was virtually without limits. The World Bank and the IMF would provide the funding that would steer developing countries toward full modernization, industrialization, and sustainable long-term economic development. Sustained economic growth and unrestricted free trade would benefit everyone, thus reducing or even eliminating poverty. So went the theory.

79. Lakewood Dollars the world s largest local currency loan ($30000) to alternatives Federal Credit Greco, Thomas H., Money understanding and creating alternatives to http://www.lkwdpl.org/city/lakewooddollars/

Lakewood Public Library Communities across the world are responding to advances in technology and the structural shift to the global economy. A heightened focus on community economic development, exchange systems, local assets and the future of money is now emerging. This heightened focus is giving rise to complimentary currencies, community currencies and targeted currencies. Lakewood citizens can become better acquainted with community currency applications, developments, models and philosophies by exploring the content provided here. According to Paul Ray’s (author of The Cultural Creatives, Harmony Books, 2000) study, 83 percent of Americans believe that the top priority should be to re-build community, and yet the kind of currency we use in our transactions is precisely one that eliminates community. The word “community” comes from Latin, “cum munere.” “Munere” is “to give,” and “cum” is “among each other”—so, community means “to give among each other.” In short, it turns out that dollar exchanges tend to be incompatible with a gift economy. Complementary currencies are. Bernard Lietaer "Complementary Currencies for Social Change," Nexus, Colorado's Holistic Journal, July-August, 2003

80. Globalization Monographs The Chinese currency Background and the Current Debate Important too is the fact that very different policy alternatives are being put forth today. http://www.gwu.edu/~gwcsg/monographs.htm

var sc_project=213625; var sc_invisible=1; Home About Us Research Events ... Contact Globalization Monographs Globalization Monographs Publication Series The Chinese Currency: Background and the Current Debate Yang, Jiawen, Associate Professor of International Business and International Affairs China's economic growth and increasing trade surplus with the United States has aroused heated debate on whether the Chinese currency, the Renminbi (RMB), is undervalued and whether China should revalue or float its currency immediately. Download the full document (pdf). Sino-US Trade Relations Yang, Jiawen, Associate Professor of International Business and International Affairs In this Globalization Monograph, Professor Yang provides a brief introduction to the complicated modern history of trade relations between the China and United States. Download the full document (pdf). The Chinese Currency - Renminbi (RMB): A Primer Yang, Jiawen, Associate Professor of International Business and International Affairs In this primer, Professor Yang provides a brief introduction to the complexities of China's currency, the Renminbi. A brief historical background is followed by an analysis of more recent events as well as a conclusion about the currency's future.

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