81. European Journal Of Criminology -- Sign In Page The German statistics of policerecorded crime show a decline in total offences over the 10 years up to Probation and parole in the United States, 2003. http://euc.sagepub.com/cgi/content/refs/2/3/259

JOURNAL HOME HELP CONTACT US SUBSCRIPTIONS ... SEARCH QUICK SEARCH: [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year: Vol: Page: This item requires a subscription to European Journal of Criminology Online. Media Use and its Impacts on Crime Perception, Sentencing Attitudes and Crime Policy Pfeiffer et al. European Journal of Criminology. This Article Abstract Full Text (PDF) References ... Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager To view this item, select one of the options below: Sign In User Name Sign in without cookies. Can't get past this page? Help with Cookies. Need to Activate? Password Forgot your user name or password? Purchase Short-Term Access Pay per Article - You may access this article (from the computer you are currently using) for 1 day for US$25.00 Pay for Admission - You may access all content in European Journal of Criminology Online (from the computer you are currently using) for 24 hours for US$75.00. Regain Access - You can regain access to a recent Pay per Article or Pay for Admission purchase if your access period has not yet expired.

82. Crime, Criminal Justice Policies And Incarceration - Losing The Vote : The Impac The impact of changed sentencing policies is readily apparent from The prison incarceration rates of some states were considerably higher than the http://www.hrw.org/reports98/vote/usvot98o-02.htm

IV. CRIME, CRIMINAL JUSTICE POLICIES AND INCARCERATION As one might expect, the number of people disenfranchised reflects to some extent the number of people involved in criminal activity. But the proportion of the population that is disenfranchised has been exacerbated in recent years by the advent of harsh sentencing policies such as mandatory minimum sentences, and truth-in-sentencing laws. Although crime rates have been relatively stable, these laws have increased the number of offenders sent to prison and the length of time they serve. The impact of changed sentencing policies is readily apparent from Department of Justice data. For example, persons arrested for burglary had a 53 percent greater likelihood of being sentenced to prison in 1992 than in 1980, while those arrested for larceny experienced a 100 percent increase. The most dramatic change can be seen for drug offenses, where arrestees were almost five times as likely to be sent to prison in 1992 as in 1980. In addition, since the number of drug arrests nearly doubled during this period, the impact was magnified further. Over this same twelve-year period, the rate of incarceration in prisons rosefrom 139 to 332 per 100,000 U.S. residents.

83. Review Essay: Race To Incarcerate Supporters describe these initiatives as efforts to reduce crime by getting dangerous In addition to its discussion of race and sentencing policy, http://justice.uaa.alaska.edu/forum/16/2summer1999/b_essay.html

A publication of the Justice Center Alaska Justice Statistical Analysis Center Alaska Justice Forum 16(2), Summer 1999 Issue contents Complete issue in Adobe Acrobat PDF format See also: Abstract: In 1980, according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, American jails and prisons held approximately 578,000 inmates; by mid-1998, that number had risen to over 1.8 million persons. This essay focuses on Race to Incarcerate , Marc Mauer's recent contribution to the growing literature on the unprecedented increase in prison populations in the United States in recent years and the national emphasis on punishment. Mauer is well-known for his work with the Sentencing Project, which has resulted in publication of a number of influential studies that are particularly well known for calling attention to problems of racial disparity in the U.S. justice system. Race to Incarcerate reprsents an extension of that effort and provides a reasonably lucid and concise account of a complex and important issue.

84. Le Moyne College Academics Statistics on crime, corrections and sentencing trends in Pennsylvania can be Areas of data include crime in the United States, Hate crime Statistics, http://www.lemoyne.edu/seal/criminology_data.htm

Criminology Data Bureau of Justice Statistics http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/wlecome.htm Corrections Statistics (Bureau of Justice Statistics) http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/correct.htm Contains statistical data sets on capital punishment, jails, prisons, probation and parole. Courts and Sentencing Statistics (Bureau of Justice Statistics) www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/stssent.htm Contains statistical data sets on pretrial release and detention, criminal case processing, criminal sentencing, Federal justice, civil justice, court organization an indigent defense. Crime and Justice Electronic Data Abstracts (Bureau of Justice Statistics) http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/dtdata.htm Crime and Justice Electronic Data Abstracts are aggregated data from a wide variety of published sources that are presented in spreadsheets to facilitate use with analytic software. These files contain thousands of numbers and hundreds of categories, displayed by jurisdiction and over time. Federal Bureau of Prisons Office of Research and Evaluation http://www.bop.gov/orepg/oreindex.html

85. UCI Libraries - Subject: Criminology, Law & Society current criminal justice topics policing, crime mapping, sentencing, juvenile justice, etc. crime in the United States FBI’s Uniform crime Reports http://www.lib.uci.edu/online/subject/subpage.php?subject=crim

86. Lawrelat Includes links to Preliminary 1996 Uniform crime Report, Interim 1996 crime Statistics, United States sentencing Commission http//www.ussc.gov/ http://www.nku.edu/~furnish/lawrelat.htm

other law related sites *8/97 Carol Furnish FEDERAL AGENCY INFORMATION FEDSTATS http://www.fedstats.gov/ Statistical information from over 70 U.S. Governmental Agencies. Organized by Agency Homepage and Department. Federal Government Web Sites http://lcweb.loc.gov/global/executive/fed.html Provided by Library of Congress includes the web sites for the Executive Office of the President, Executive Agencies, Independent Agencies, and Boards, Commissions and Committees. CRIME AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE federal bureau of investigation http://www.fbi.gov/ Includes links to Preliminary 1996 Uniform Crime Report, Interim 1996 Crime Statistics Crime in the United States for 1995 Final 1995 Crime Statistics Hate Crime 1995 , and Terrorism in the United States . New Releases include updates on the annual criminal reports. U.S. Dept. of Justice-Office of Justice Programs http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/text.htm includes links to bureau of justice statistics, office of juvenile justice and delinquency prevention, national institute of justice, etc. you can forward to "resources and reports at ojp for specific reports. the bureau of justice statistics http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/

87. Law Related Statistics Pathfinder Prosecution Courts and sentencing Corrections Firearms and crime crime Criminal Justice Criminal Justice Courts and sentencing http://www.uakron.edu/law/library/legalstats.php

Admissions/Financial Aid Academics Alumni/Development Career Services ... Students Library Pathfinder Law Related Statistics Pathfinder Advanced Legal Research Electronic Reserves Electronic Subscriptions Hours ... School of Law Main Page Introduction The purpose of this pathfinder is to provide a starting point in looking for law related statistics. This is not a comprehensive or exhaustive coverage of the subject. The pathfinder is divided into three areas of statistics - statistics about the legal profession, criminal justice statistics and general demographic statistics. Each section begins with links to professional, governmental or commercial sites that have statistics. Next, specific publication titles are included in the pathfinder when appropriate. These entries link to both the online copies, as well as to the bibliographic records of the paper copies. Links to online bibliographies are listed to lead the researcher to even more resources covering specific statistics. The section ends with subject headings to use when searching in the University Libraries Catalog for additional materials. The Statistics about the Profession section links to professional and commercial web sites that collect and publish annual survey results about attorneys and law firms.

88. Congresswoman Eddie Bernice Johnson :: Representing The 30th District Of Texas : Ten states currently have no hate crime laws. Congresswoman Johnson was also a supporter of The Hate crimes sentencing Enhancement Act. This measure was http://www.house.gov/ebjohnson/issues_legislation/hate_crimes.shtml

Return to Home About EBJ Contact EBJ Services ... For Students Last Updated: 9/19/05 Environment :Ranking Member » Aviation » Rail Roads Science » Research » Energy Visit CBC Web site » Chair, 107th Congress Visit WOW Web site Sign up to receive e-mail updates to your Inbox Civil Rights Ending Hate Crimes Congresswoman Johnson is a veteran of the civil rights movement in the United States. She remembers with disdain the brutalities of the first half of the twentieth century, and is focused on obliterating hate crimes in America. Congresswoman Johnson has met with the family of James Byrd, Jr., a Texas resident who was lynched in Jasper, TX June 7, 1998. He was dismembered by being dragged to death behind a truck. Congresswoman Johnson remains committed to legislative action aimed at halting the notorious rise of hate crimes in the United States. The Congresswoman feels that all Americans have a stake in an effective response to violent bigotry. Hate crimes are different from other forms of violence because by their very nature, hate crimes have a special emotional impact on entire communities. They are intended to intimidate entire groups of people and make them fearful. Because of the extremely negative impact hate crimes have on our entire society, they deserve special consideration in the law. Anti-hate crime penalties and programs enacted through legislation can help protect victims and deter further bias-motivate crimes. Congresswoman Eddie Bernice Johnson is a co-sponsor of

89. Shofar FTP Archives: Orgs/canadian/canada/justice/disproportionate-harm/dh-006-0 Hendrick, D. Canadian crime Statistics, 1994. Juristat Service Bulletin, 15, Cincinnati Anderson Publishing, 1994. Ruby, C. sentencing, 4th ed. http://ftp2.ca.nizkor.org/ftp.cgi/orgs/canadian/canada/justice/disproportionate-

Unlimited Music Downloads Download over 1 billion MP3s. Instant access $19.95/year. Shofar FTP Archive File: orgs/canadian/canada/justice/disproportionate-harm/dh-006-01 Home Funding Search Site Map ... Make Nizkor your home page

90. Federal Initiatives B. The Hate Crimes sentencing Enhancement Act The provision directed the United States sentencing Commission to provide a sentencing enhancement of not http://www.adl.org/99hatecrime/federal.asp

ADL HOME REGIONAL OFFICES ABOUT CONTACT US ... SEARCH Hate Crimes Laws I. Introduction II. ADL Approach: a - Penalty Enhancement and the Inclusion of Gender b - Text of ADL Model Legislation c - Wisconsin's Penalty - Enhancement Statute III. Constitutionality IV. Other Means V. Federal Initiatives VI. Current Status State Hate Crime Laws Hate Crime Statistics: FBI overview Motivations for Hate Crimes E-Mail This Report Printable Version Help ADL Fight Hate Crimes! V. Federal Initiatives The Federal government has an essential leadership role to play in confronting criminal activity motivated by prejudice and promoting prejudice reduction initiatives for schools and the community. A. The Hate Crime Statistics Act (28 U.S.C. 534) Enacted in 1990, the HCSA requires the Justice Department to acquire data on crimes which "manifest prejudice based on race, religion, sexual orientation, or ethnicity" from law enforcement agencies across the country and to publish an annual summary of the findings. In the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, Congress expanded coverage of the HCSA to require FBI reporting on crimes based on "disability."

91. Statistics / Crime : US National Crime Statistics, General Crime, Wo Statistics, crime Government and industry sources of statistical data on US crime Measures 2974 Provides crime statistics in the United States on a http://www.rmis.rmfamily.com/sites/stxtxcrime.php?mcat=Statistics&scat=Crime

92. Federal Initiatives In The Fight Against Hate Crimes In May 1995, the United States sentencing Commission announced its implementation of a threelevel increase in its sentencing guidelines for hate crimes. http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/anti-semitism/hate_laws.html

Federal Initiatives in the Fight Against Hate Crimes The Federal Government has an essential leadership role in confronting criminal activity motivated by prejudice and in promoting prejudice-reduction initiatives for schools and the community. The following elements are basic to that leadership role. 1) The Hate Crime Statistics Act (HCSA) (Public Law 102-275) Enacted in 1990, the HCSA requires the Justice Department to acquire data on crimes that "manifest prejudice based on race, religion, sexual orientation, or ethnicity" from law enforcement agencies across the country and to publish an annual summary of the findings. In the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (Public Law 103-322), Congress expanded coverage of the HCSA to require FBI reporting on crimes based on disability. As of September 1996, the FBI had held 76 hate crime training conferences across the country, training nearly 4,400 law enforcement personnel from 1,200 state and local agencies. ADL and other groups with expertise in analyzing and responding to hate violence have participated in a number of these training seminars on how to identify, report, and respond to hate crimes. Five Years of HCSA Data: Progress and Promise Unlike the League's Audit, which includes noncriminal incidents of harassment and intimidation, the data collected under the HCSA includes only criminal activity. The FBI documented a total of

93. Canadian Centre For Justice Statistics crime Statistics, All Police Services, 1977 to 2003 (114881 kb) crime Comparisons Between Canada and the United States see Juristat; crime Statistics http://uregina.ca/datalibrary/holdings/justice.html

Justice Statistics Beyond 20/20 Tables Off Campus Access Authentication required for off campus University of Regina users This reference tool contains electronic data tables illustrating current and historical data from a number of Statistics Canada surveys. The database shows data on crime, police administration, adult and youth court activity, the correctional population and transition homes, as well as various issues such as criminal victimization and family violence. This data will replace all the justice statistics that was previously found under Criminal Justice at a Glance and Quickstat Justice Collection The data is stored in Beyond 20/20 6.2 browser . If you are using an earlier version of Beyond 20/20 you will have to upgrade. Use of the tables is limited to U of R faculty, staff and students for administrative, teaching and research uses only. Please consult the full agreement. How to cite this data: Justice statistics Beyond 2020 tables [electronic resource]. Table 1, Adult criminal court. Type of court decision and conviction rage, 1994/95 to 1999/00 . Ottawa : Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada, [*8 rec.] 2001

94. DSL LegalLinks, US Government Department of Education crime Statistics http//www.ope.ed.gov/security/ United States Attorneys are the nation s principal litigators of criminal cases http://www.dsl.psu.edu/library/lrr/links/Topics/criminal.html

95. Conditional Sentencing Series As well, conditional sentences are sometimes imposed for crimes of violence. Fact Sheet 2 Conditional sentencing and the Views of the Community http://canada.justice.gc.ca/en/ps/rs/rep/qa/cs_1.html

Research Areas Publications New Releases Research Reports by Subject by Title Advanced Search JustResearch ... Contact Us Conditional Sentencing Series Fact Sheet # 1: What is a Conditional Sentence? Some Canadians are confused about this new sentence which came into force in 1996. This fact sheet, one of a series, is intended to provide answers to the commonly-asked questions about a conditional sentence of imprisonment. Where did the conditional sentence come from? The conditional sentence was created to help reduce the use of imprisonment in a way that is safe and consistent with principles of justice. Several independent Commissions of Inquiry have demonstrated that the imprisonment rate is higher in Canada than many other countries. The goal of the conditional sentence is to reduce the use of incarceration by punishing offenders in the community. If the offender remains in the community (under supervision), he can continue to work, support his family and pay taxes. The taxpayer also saves money. Supervising offenders in the community costs about a quarter of the cost of imprisonment. What exactly is a conditional sentence?

96. A Generation Of Hate: Hate Crimes Hate Crimes sentencing Enhancement Act of 1992, Y 4.J 89/1 102/64 Under the authority of section 534 of title 28, United States Code, the Attorney http://www.union.edu/PUBLIC/LIBRARY/research/topics/hate/hatecrimes.htm

A Generation of Hate: Bias Crimes and Hate Speech Issues, 1977-2003. Hate Crimes hate crime orig. U.S. , a crime, usually violent, motivated by hatred or intolerance of another social group, esp. on the basis of race or sexuality; crime of this type; freq. attrib. (occas. in pl.), designating legislation, etc., framed to address such crime. Oxford English Dictionary Online, s.v. "hate." If a white mugs a black and delivers a slur in the process, is it a "hate crime" or an ordinary mugging with a gratuitous slur attached? John Leo, "The Politics of Hate." , October 9, 1989 (First appearance of the term "hate crime" in a popular magazine.) A white juvenile male snatched a Jewish woman's purse, and in doing so, knocked her down and called her by a well-known and recognized epithet used against Jews. The offender's identity is not known. Although the offender used an epithet for Jews, it is not known whether he belongs to another religious group or whether his motive was anything more than robbery. Because the facts are ambiguous, agencies should not report this incident as bias-motivated. U.S. Department of Justice

97. Hate Crimes: An Overview Of Numbers And Statutes sentencing enhancement in federal crimes where bias has been exhibited. Although some states have enacted statutes which define and prohibit http://justice.uaa.alaska.edu/forum/18/1spring2001/a_hate.html

A publication of the Justice Center Alaska Justice Statistical Analysis Center Alaska Justice Forum 18(1), Spring 2001 Issue contents Complete issue in Adobe Acrobat PDF format See also: Hate crime Abstract: The Federal Bureau of Investigation is the primary source for national figures on hate or bias offenses. Since 1990 the agency has assembled figures from law enforcement agencies throughout the country and released a summary compilation under the title Hate Crime Statistics . While the FBI assembles data on bias incidents from law enforcement agencies throughout the country, in Alaska only the Anchorage Police Department participates in this reporting program, which is voluntary for police departments; and in fact many participating agencies submitted reports which claimed the occurrence of no incidents showing a bias motivation. This article examines available figures in hate or bias crimes and reveiws existing laws regarding hate crime, both federal and state.

98. US Notches World's Highest Incarceration Rate | Csmonitor.com That s 1 in 37 adults living in the United States, the highest A lot of people think that the reason crime rates have been dropping over the past http://www.csmonitor.com/2003/0818/p02s01-usju.html

WORLD USA COMMENTARY LEARNING ... Text Edition Search: Special Offer: Subscribe to the Monitor and get 32 issues FREE! Domestic Politics Economy Foreign Policy ... Military Also see: Iraq in Transition Living The Monitor Breakfast Excerpts from discussions between reporters and Washington newsmakers. USA Stories: for 09/20/2005 Cost of Katrina relief splits Republican ranks Before the oil runs out: How will this era end? In rural towns, a way of life washed away What is this? ... more projects... Most-viewed stories: (for 09/18/05) Bush's buffeted leadership US tempers its view of victory in Iraq Iran bids to redefine nuclear limits Why interest rates may rise again - despite Katrina ... Justice from the August 18, 2003 edition US notches world's highest incarceration rate A report highlights extent to which many citizens have served time in prison. By Gail Russell Chaddock WASHINGTON More than 5.6 million Americans are in prison or have served time there, according to a new report by the Justice Department released Sunday. That's 1 in 37 adults living in the United States, the highest incarceration level in the world. It's the first time the US government has released estimates of the extent of imprisonment, and the report's statistics have broad implications for everything from state fiscal crises to how other nations view the American experience.

99. GP Guide -- Hate Crimes Discusses the increasing rate of hate crimes in the United States. questionable state interests and nontraditional sentencing are considered. http://www.wiu.edu/library/govpubs/guides/hatecrme.htm

Hate Crimes A Guide to Selected Government Information Available at WIU's Government Publications Library (Prepared by Jonathan Miller - 9/97; revised 2/00) Web version of this guide includes links to web resources. Federal Government Information The 1999 Bureau of Justice Assistance National Partnership Meeting: Working Together for Peace and Justice in the 21st Century . This monograph summarizes the workshops held in a BJA conference on crime control and prevention. 1999 J 26.30: P 25 pp. 85-89 Bureau of Justice Statistics . This website reports on crimes and victims; a good statistical source for hate crimes. UCR Hate Crimes . This website reports on incidences, offenses, victims, offenders by state agencies, bias motivation, offense category, and race. Hate Crime Statistics, 1990 . A resource book that examines statistics and legislation on hate crimes in 11 states. Includes an FBI Hate Crime Reporting Form and sources of information for responding to hate crimes. 1992. J 1.14/2: C 86/17 Bias Crimes . Discusses the increasing rate of hate crimes in the United States. Includes several testimonies of victims of hate crimes, as well as others, and cites hate crime statistics. 1992.

100. Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Amendment (Standard Minimum Sentencing) Bill Crimes Amendment (Standard Minimum sentencing) Bill Tougher and mandatory penalties in the United States of America have helped achieve the highest rate http://www.clovermoore.com/speeches/2002/021029-1.htm

29 October 2002 Second Reading Speech Crimes Amendment (Standard Minimum Sentencing) Bill The Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Amendment (Standard Minimum Sentencing) Bill is another example of social justice being sacrificed for political opportunism. It is a simplistic and inefficient approach to complex social problems. Resources used to accommodate a burgeoning prison population would be better spent on social services that tackle the underlying causes of crime. Although debate continues as to whether standard minimum sentencing is technically mandatory sentencing, it is a significant step towards that regime. Setting standard non-parole periods continues the trend started during this Parliament to undermine the independence of the judiciary, which is a central tenet of the Westminster system. It is vital that broad judicial discretion be preserved to ensure that punishment is proportional to both the offence and the offender. Under the proposed scheme, sentencing judges will be able to vary the non-parole period based on aggravating and mitigating factors or impose a non-custodial sentence. However, most of the standard periods are set at double or triple the current average, leading to much longer sentences. The length of prison sentences has increased over the past decade, as has the proportion of cases in which prison sentences are imposed.

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