21. Hate Crimes Laws Introduction the United States Supreme Court upheld a Wisconsin hate crime statute that The following year, ADL published a detailed report on hate crimes laws, http://www.adl.org/99hatecrime/intro.asp

ADL HOME REGIONAL OFFICES ABOUT CONTACT US ... SEARCH Hate Crimes Laws I. Introduction II. ADL Approach: a - Penalty Enhancement and the Inclusion of Gender b - Text of ADL Model Legislation c - Wisconsin's Penalty - Enhancement Statute III. Constitutionality IV. Other Means V. Federal Initiatives VI. Current Status State Hate Crime Laws Hate Crime Statistics: FBI overview Motivations for Hate Crimes E-Mail This Report Printable Version Help ADL Fight Hate Crimes! I. Introduction All Americans have a stake in an effective response to violent bigotry. Hate crimes demand a priority response because of their special emotional and psychological impact on the victim and the victim's community. The damage done by hate crimes cannot be measured solely in terms of physical injury or dollars and cents. Hate crimes may effectively intimidate other members of the victim's community, leaving them feeling isolated, vulnerable and unprotected by the law. By making members of minority communities fearful, angry and suspicious of other groups and of the power structure that is supposed to protect them these incidents can damage the fabric of our society and fragment communities. ADL has long been in the forefront of national and state efforts to deter and counteract hate-motivated criminal activity. Hate crime statutes are necessary because the failure to recognize and effectively address this unique type of crime could cause an isolated incident to explode into widespread community tension.

22. ADL - The Page You're Looking For Has Moved Has Moved For 1993, the FBI reported 7587 hate crimes from 6865 agencies in 47 states and The FBI s 1994 statistics documented 5932 hate crimes, reported by 7356 http://www.adl.org/issue_government/hate_crime_statistics_act.html

Anti-Defamation League File Moved Click here to access the page or wait 5 seconds to be automatically redirected. Click here to go directly to the ADL Home Page

23. The Daily, Tuesday, June 1, 2004. Pilot Survey Of Hate Crime In Canada, the definition of hate crime has evolved out of the Criminal Code In the case of antireligion hate crimes, about two-thirds included acts of http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/040601/d040601a.htm

Tuesday, June 1, 2004 Pilot survey of hate crime 2001 and 2002 Twelve major Canadian police forces reported a total of 928 hate crime incidents during 2001 and 2002. While the majority of these incidents involved one hate motivation, in some cases more than one motivation was recorded. Overall, over one-half of these hate crimes were motivated by race or ethnicity (57%). The second most-common hate motivation of incidents was religion (43%). Sexual orientation was the motivation in about one-tenth of incidents. Blacks and South Asians were among those most frequently targeted in hate crime incidents motivated by race or ethnicity. The majority of incidents motivated by religion involved anti-Semitism followed by those targeting Muslims. The largest single group identified in the pilot survey was Jewish people or institutions. One quarter of the 928 hate crime incidents reported by the 12 participating police services was anti-Semitic in nature. Note to readers The Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, in collaboration with 12 major police forces across the country, has conducted a pilot survey on hate crime in Canada through funding from the government's Policy Research Initiative. The goals of this survey were to assess the feasibility of collecting national police-reported hate crime statistics. This release is based on Juristat analysing results from this non-representative pilot survey, which collected data on hate crimes reported to police in 2001 and 2002.

24. Summary Campus Crime Statistics - Hate Crimes More Local Freedom. Learn how No Child Left Behind gives states and districtsmore control Summary Campus crime and Security Statistics hate crimes http://www.ed.gov/admins/lead/safety/crime/hatecrimes/

resultsagenda_off = new Image; resultsagenda_off.src = '/images/ed_gl_tnav_resultsag1.gif'; resultsagenda_over = new Image; resultsagenda_over.src = '/images/ed_gl_tnav_resultsag1_r.gif'; School Safety - NCLB School Safety - Teachers Get More! Receive ED newsletters View teaching resources Get answers to questions Take our online survey Schools in Need of Improvement Reading Math ... Recruit Principals Select a Topic Accountability Accreditation Arts Choice Charter Schools Early Childhood FAFSA Faith-Based Find a School High Schools History International Ed Math Reading Safe Schools Science Suppl Services Teacher Quality Technology Advanced Search About ED Offices Publications ... File Viewers Summary Campus Crime and Security Statistics - Hate Crimes Table of Contents Aggravated Assault Arson Bodily Injury Burglary ... Results.gov

25. Hate Crimes Research Network Chiefs of Police hate crime in America Summit Recommendations ISG Institute for Reported hate crimes in the United States by Year and Bias Motive http://www.hatecrime.net/research.htm

HOME PUBLICATIONS PRESENTATIONS RESEARCH ... ARCHIVES Hate Crimes Research Links Hate Crimes Research Megasites American Justice Network Anti-Gay Hate Crimes (Resources by Human Rights Campaign) Anti-Racism Net Antisemitism and XenophobiaToday (axt.org) ... WITC Law Learning Resource Center Hate Crimes Research Organizations AALL Committee On Diversity Anti-Defamation League Online Center for Democratic Renewal Community United Against (Hate) Violence, San Francisco ... Wisconsin Citizens Assembly Hate Crimes Research Publications Hate Crimes Research Bibliographies Bibliography of Gregory M. Herek Bibliography on the Black Male Experience in America Hate Crimes Research Books Anti-Asian Violence in North America edited by Patricia Wong Hall et al Poisoning the Web - Hatred Online by ADL The Christmas Menorahs - How a Town Fought Hate by Bill Farnsworth The Future of Terrorism Violence in the New Millenium Edited by Harvey W. Kushner Hate Crimes Research Papers 07-22-98 Committee on the Judiciary - McDevitt Statement 1999 ADL Audit of Anti-Semitic Incidents A Policymaker's Guide to Hate Crimes - USDOJ 1997 A Profile of Race-Bias Hate Crime in Los Angeles County by Karen Umemoto et al ... White Supremacist Women Push for Greater Role in Movement by Jim Nesbitt Hate Crimes Research Periodicals African American Male Research Journal American Behavior Scientist - Terrorism in the 21st Century Counseling Victims of Ethnic Violence (ACAeNews, Vol 2, Issue 6 - Mental Health Practice)

26. Hate Crimes In some states, a separate statute exists which prohibits hate crime behavior.In other states the hate crime statute is a penalty enhancement. http://www.violence.neu.edu/publication4.html

Hate Crimes Jack Levin and Jack McDevitt Northeastern University Hate crimes are also known by other names. The most commonly employed of such terms is bias crime, perhaps because it accurately emphasizes that such offenses often arise out of prejudice toward another group of individuals. In addition, Howard Ehrlich (1990), director of the Prejudice Institute at Towson State University has coined the term ethno-violence to include acts that do not rise to the legal standard of a crime, but contain an element of prejudice. These hate incidents may, for example, include the use of ethnic slurs or the exclusion of members of targeted groups from social activities at the workplace. Legal Distinctions At present there is no U.S. federal statute that prohibits hate crimes. The Congress of the United States in 1990 passed the Hate Crime Statistics Act which requires the reporting of statistics on hate crimes, but did not dictate that the commission of a hate crime be regarded as a violation of federal law. In the United States, it has been left up to the states to formulate hate crime legislation. While 39 states presently have some form of hate crime statute(Bureau of Justice Assistance, 1997), there exists a wide variation among states in the specifics of their laws. For example, In the area of protected groups (i.e., particular groups are designated as protected in the statute), most states list crimes targeted towards individuals because of their race, religion, or ethnicity as prohibited. However, a number of states also include sexual orientation, disability, and age. The implication of this lack of uniformity is that members of a particular group may be protected by a hate crime statute in one community but not protected in a neighboring community in an adjacent state.

27. FindArticles Search For "Hate Crimes / Statistics" 1999 hate crime Statistics Brief Article - Statistical Data Included antigay hale crimesbased on reported numbers from 19 statesillustrates only a http://www.findarticles.com/p/search?tb=art&qt=Hate crimes / Statistics

28. Hate Crimes Violent crime has been declining throughout the United States in recent years, The hate crimes Prevention Act (HCPA) would strengthen the ability of the http://www.stophate.us/hcpa.html

INDEX Hate Crime: A Definition The Hate Crimes Prevention ACT (HCPA) Currently Federal Law does not include sexual orientation Federal Laws do not go far enough ... For further information on Hate Crimes contact Hate Crime: A Definition A crime in which the defendant intentionally selects a victim because of the actual or perceived race, color, national origin, ethnicity, gender, gender expression or identity, disability, or sexual orientation of any person. Violent crime has been declining throughout the United States in recent years, yet hate crimes against LGBT people continue to rise. In 1997, at least 18 lives were lost as a result of anti-LGBT violence. There were a total of 1,375 reported violent crimes against LGBT individuals. Further the societal costs of hate crimes, in terms of self-esteem, productivity, and public expense, are incalculable. Hate crimes send a message that certain groups of us are not welcome and unsafe in a particular community. As a result, studies indicate that hate crimes appear to have more serious psychological effects on the victims and the communities they represent than do other crimes. Research indicates that victims of hate crimes often link their vulnerability to their personal, cultural, or spiritual identity. The result is that victims of hate crimes often suffer greater emotional trauma than other crime victims. The Hate Crimes Prevention Act (HCPA)

29. Crime Statistics The crime in the United States volume is publicly accessible via the FBI websiteor through local libraries. San Jose hate crimes 19992003 http://www.sjpd.org/CrimeStats.cfm

Crime Statistics Official Crime Statistics Crime in the United States . This volume is a collection of data submitted by local, state and county law enforcement agencies utilizing a standardized set of reporting criteria through the Uniform Crime Reporting program. The Crime in the United States volume is publicly accessible via the FBI website or through local libraries Within UCR, the crimes of homicide, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft and arson comprise the Crime Index, and taken together are referred to as Index Crimes. In addition to annual statistics pertaining to Index Crimes, tables are provided below detailing annual offenses, crime rates, domestic violence and hate crime incidents. San Jose Index Crimes 1999- 2003 CRIME HOMICIDE RAPE ROBBERY AGGRAVATED ASSAULT Total Violent Crimes BURGLARY LARCENY-THEFT MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT Total Property Crimes TOTAL INDEX CRIMES San Jose Crime rate per 100,000 1999- 2003 FBI Crime Index California Crime Index VIOLENT CRIME PROPERTY CRIME YEAR TOTAL FBI INDEX TOTAL CALIFORNIA INDEX HOMICIDE RAPE ROBBERY AGGRAVATED ASSAULT TOTAL VIOLENT CRIME BURGLARY VEHICLE THEFT LARCENY TOTAL PROPERTY CRIME San Jose Domestic Violence 1999-2003 TOTAL CALLS RECEIVED TOTAL without WEAPONS TOTAL with WEAPONS Firearms Knife/Cutting Other Weapons Hands/Fists/Feet San Jose Hate Crimes 1999-2003 YEAR RACE RELIGION SEXUAL ORIENTATION ETHNICITY DISABILITY TOTAL CRIMES San Jose Index Crimes 1989- 2003 TOTAL VIOLENT CRIMES PROPERTY CRIMES

30. Hate Crime, Bias Motivated Crime, Hate Speech And Hate Prejudice (statistics On These sites deal with hate crimes and bias crimes based on race, The sourceof most hate crimes statistics is the FBI s Uniform crime Report. http://www.stopviolence.com/hate.htm

Your Javascript is turned off or you're using an old browser. You're missing a helpful scrolling menu, but the bottom of the page has complete navigation options. Legal cases and information from Paul's Criminal Justice Ethics (includes more info on problem of hate speech) Misperceptions Cloud Whites' View of Blacks Whether out of hostility, indifference or simple lack of knowledge, large numbers of white Americans incorrectly believe that blacks are as well off as whites in terms of their jobs, incomes, schooling and health care, according to a national survey by The Washington Post, the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation and Harvard University. Share this page: Enter e-mail address Virginia v Black (2002 Cross burning case argued before Supreme Court) The source of most hate crimes statistics is the FBI's Uniform Crime Report . The FBI's report is 120 pages, and contains some important methodological issues related to counting and reporting hate crimes. The Bureau of Justice Statistics has a Summary of 1997-99 There's a helpful short summary of 1999 data available from the Human Rights Campaign . See also the Dept of Justice Report

31. Stop Violence And Prevent Crime; Hate Crimes, Bias Crimes And Homophobia (lesbia These sites deal with hate crimes and bias motivated violence based on The source of most hate crimes statistics is the FBI s Uniform crime Report. http://www.stopviolence.com/hate/lbgt.htm

Your Javascript is turned off or you're using an old browser. You're missing a helpful scrolling menu, but the bottom of the page has complete navigation options. These sites deal with hate crimes and bias motivated violence based on [perceived] sexual orientation and directed against the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community. Legal cases and information from Paul's Criminal Justice Ethics Share this page: Enter e-mail address Hostile Climate: Report on Anti-Gay Activity from People for the American Way Datalounge.com: Additional info on hate crimes Are Gays Facing a Backlash? (30 July 2003, Washington Post) "The message equates gays with the 'enemy,' it places gay, lesbian and bisexual service members, who are serving as honorably as anyone else at this time at risk and dishonors them..." MORE Sept 11 LBGT victims The source of most hate crimes statistics is the FBI's Uniform Crime Report . The FBI's report is 120 pages, and contains some important methodological issues related to counting and reporting hate crimes.

32. Hate Crime Laws Explained The History And Future Of Anti-Hate The “hate crimes Statistics Act” requires states to determine if crimes committedunder their jurisdiction were motivated by prejudice. http://www.davidduke.com/hatecrimes/hatecrimelawsexplained.shtml

Hate Crime Laws Explained: The history and Future of Anti-Hate Legislation. How S625 Will Outlaw Free Speech EURO Hate Crime Action Plan 2002 The Color of Crime Report FBI Misclassifies Hispanics as White ... Hate Crime Laws Video. Would Anti-Hate Laws Make You a Lawbreaker? By Rev. Theodore Winston Pike Ominous legislation now before Congress contains a hidden agenda that could make criminals of Christians. In 1988 an evangelical pastor in Sweden opened his Bible to the story of Sodom and Gomorrah. He informed his congregation (which included homosexuals) that God is still angry at sexual perversion and will judge those who practice it. Several months later, this pastor was serving a four-week sentence in jail. He had violated Sweden’s “Anti-Hate” statute, a law that protects groups such as homosexuals from “verbal violence" — public statements which might cause them embarrassment because of their sexual orientation.

33. IACP - Publications - Publications As of 1999, 41 states and the District of Columbia have hate crime statutes Many states also classify as hate crimes those in which a victim is selected http://www.theiacp.org/documents/index.cfm?fuseaction=document&document_type_id=

34. SCNmedia - Illinois Crime Database as well as the number of hate crimes committed in a county. The populationbasedcrime rate calculation does not compensate for a transient http://www.suburbanchicagonews.com/crime/

var theFeed = false; document.write("") Marketplace Autos Classified Ads Real Estate ... Search Select the name of an Illinois county below to find statistics on crimes committed in 2003 and a comparison with 2002 figures. ADAMS ALEXANDER BOND BOONE ... WOODFORD In this database: Compare the total number of violent, serious and property crimes in each of the 102 counties in Illinois Find statistics on crimes committed against children, at schools and in domestic situations, as well as the number of hate crimes committed in a county. This section presents crime index offenses, crime index arrests, drug arrests, and supplemental data offenses reported to police. The I-UCR crime index offenses and arrests include the categories of murder, criminal sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault/battery (including attempted murder and ritual mutilation), burglary, theft (including burglary from motor vehicle), motor vehicle theft and arson. The complete report can be found at http://www.isp.state.il.us/crime/crime.htm

35. Religious Action Center - Hate Crimes However, the LLEEA states that a case can only be brought if a crime is certified, The hate crime Statistics Act brings hate crimes into the open, http://rac.org/_kd/go.cfm?destination=Page&Pge_ID=2416

36. RAND California Summary Hate Crime Statistics or physical or mental disability is the motivation for a hate crime. The numberof hate crime events is reported for cities, counties, regions, http://ca.rand.org/stats/community/hatecrimes.html

Updated: Sep. 10, 2004 Next update: Nov. 2005 Number of Hate Crimes A person's race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, or physical or mental disability is the motivation for a hate crime. The number of hate crime events is reported for cities, counties, regions, and the state. Statistics are based on California Department of Justice data. Please choose one or more categories. Number of events Number of offenses Number of victims Number of suspects Note, data for number of offenses, victims and suspects is only available beginning in 2002. Please choose one or more areas. (Use your shift key to select blocks of areas. Use your control (PC) or command (Mac) keys for discontinuous multiple selections.) State, Counties: A-M Counties: N-Y California Alameda County Alpine County Amador County Butte County Calaveras County Colusa County Contra Costa County Del Norte County El Dorado County Fresno County Glenn County Humboldt County Imperial County Inyo County Kern County Kings County Lake County Lassen County Los Angeles County Madera County Marin County Mariposa County Mendocino County Merced County Modoc County Mono County Monterey County Napa County Nevada County Orange County Placer County Plumas County Riverside County Sacramento County San Benito County San Bernardino County San Diego County San Francisco County San Joaquin County San Luis Obispo County San Mateo County Santa Barbara County Santa Clara County Santa Cruz County Shasta County Sierra County Siskiyou County Solano County

37. BRIA10:3, Hate Crimes, Lynching In America, United States, Skinheads, Lesson Pla State and Federal Legislation on hate crimes. Currently, 40 states and the Districtof Columbia have hate crime statutes applying to race, religion, http://www.crf-usa.org/bria/bria10_3.html

CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS FOUNDATION Bill of Right in Action Summer 1994 (10:3) Updated July 2000 Hate Crimes "Hate Crimes," crimes motivated by race, color, creek, religion or gender are on the rise around the world, including the United States where over half of such crimes are committed by people under the age of 21. In this issue we take a look at matters related to rate crimes. U.S. Government : Should Hate be Outlawed? U.S. History : "At the Hands of Persons Unkown" Lynching in America World History : German Skinheads: Are the Nazis Making a Comeback? SHOULD HATE BE OUTLAWED? Clifton, New Jersey: Several 13- and 14-year-olds spray paint swastikas on Jewish homes. Los Angeles, California: A group of skinheads tries to provoke a race war by plotting to shoot members of an African-American church. Houston, Texas: A youth tells police he shot a gay man to death because he hates homosexuals. Broward County, Florida: While yelling racial hate names, a mob of youthful partygoers beats to death a Vietnamese-American college student.

38. WorldNetDaily: Blacks Arrested More For 'hate Crimes' Many believe that hate crime laws, now in 45 states, have hit poor and minoritycommunities the worst. It is demonstrable that these laws hit the poor http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=21943

39. Hate Crimes Essays And Articles At ENotes hate crimes essays, articles, and viewpoints. Moreover, many states do notinclude sexual orientation as a protected class in their hate crime laws. http://www.enotes.com/hate-crimes-article/

Hate Crimes Essays and Articles at eNotes Advanced Search eNotes Home Literature Guides Lesson Plans ... SAT Prep Welcome, guest! Login Join eNotes Help September 20th, 2005 Hate Crimes Gale Group Hate Crimes: Introduction Chapter 1: Are Hate Crimes a Serious Problem? Chapter 2: Should Hate Speech Be Restricted? Chapter 3: Are Federal Hate Crime Laws Necessary? ... Tell a friend about Hate Crimes eNotes. Viewpoints Printable Version Download PDF Cite this Page Two bicyclists were riding down a country road in Wyoming in early October 1998 when they noticed what appeared to be a scarecrow tied spread-eagle to a split-rail fence. Upon further investigation, they discovered that the scarecrow was actually a young man who had been so badly beaten that he was in a coma. The man was Matthew Shepard, a gay student at the University of Wyoming in Laramie. The night before, Shepard had been in a bar where he tried to pick up two men, Russell Henderson and Aaron McKinney. The two lured Shepard out to their truck by pretending to be gay, then robbed him of $20, pistol-whipped him, and lashed him to the fence, where he remained in near-freezing temperatures for almost eighteen hours before his discovery. Four days later, Shepard died, never awakening from his coma. Shepard’s murder was immediately branded a “hate crime” by gay activists and those who monitor such crimes. A hate crime is generally understood to mean a crime against a victim who is chosen specifically because of his or her race, religion, gender, national origin, disability, and in some states, sexual orientation. While “hate crime” is a relatively new addition to legal terminology, appearing about the mid-1980s, it is not a new concept. According to James B. Jacobs and Kimberly Potter, authors of

40. Hate Crime Statistics Do Not Add Up - Campus Times - Eastman Following the 1990 hate crimes Statistics Act, a program was implemented that of the United States Student Association showed that of the hate crimes http://www.campustimes.org/news/2004/02/05/Eastman/Hate-Crime.Statistics.Do.Not.

document.write(''+''); Campus Times Extras: Student Resources Scholarships Movies Travel ... CNN showNetworkBanner(1); Current Issue: document.write(currentissuedayname + ', ' + currentissuemonthname + ' ' + currentissueday + ', ' + currentissueyear); var story_id = 598565; Home Eastman Hate crime statistics do not add up By Antonio Haynes Published: Thursday, February 5, 2004 The American Psychological association says that a hate crime is not only an "attack on one's physical self, but an attack on one's personal identity." Since 1929, the Uniform Crime Reporting Program has been a primary source of crime statistics for the use of law enforcement. Following the 1990 Hate Crimes Statistics Act, a program was implemented that began compiling statistics on crimes determined to have been driven by biases against gender, race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation and later against disability. The most recent report, published in 2004, offers some very alarming statistics. In 2002, fewer hate crimes were reported than in 2001, thus the number of hate crimes probably decreased. Educational institutions are the third most likely place for a hate crime to occur. Additionally, statistical analysis by Nicholas Sakuri of the United States Student Association showed that of the hate crimes reported on college campuses, 37 percent were based on sexual orientation, higher than any other prejudice and significantly higher than the 16 percent this bias represents in the total number of hate crimes reported to the FBI.

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