41. Evolution: Glossary The skeletons of the extinct rugose and tabulate corals are known from fossils. Author of two books on paleontology for young people. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/glossary/

Glossary A B C D ... Z acquired trait: A phenotypic characteristic, acquired during growth and development, that is not genetically based and therefore cannot be passed on to the next generation (for example, the large muscles of a weightlifter). adaptation: Any heritable characteristic of an organism that improves its ability to survive and reproduce in its environment. Also used to describe the process of genetic change within a population, as influenced by natural selection adaptive landscape: A graph of the average fitness of a population in relation to the frequencies of genotypes in it. Peaks on the landscape correspond to genotypic frequencies at which the average fitness is high, valleys to genotypic frequencies at which the average fitness is low. Also called a fitness surface. adaptive logic: A behavior has adaptive logic if it tends to increase the number of offspring that an individual contributes to the next and following generations. If such a behavior is even partly genetically determined, it will tend to become widespread in the population. Then, even if circumstances change such that it no longer provides any survival or reproductive advantage, the behavior will still tend to be exhibited unless it becomes positively disadvantageous in the new environment. adaptive radiation: The diversification, over evolutionary time, of a

42. Paleontology In California State Parks The key to understanding this prehistoric scene is paleontology, The remains of fish, walrus, baleen whales and even sea cows help us to more fully http://www.parks.ca.gov/default.asp?page_id=23318

43. Important Fossil Animal Groups Themes Science paleontology / Paleozoology Paleozoology Important Fossil Animal Groups Phylum Cnidaria (corals, anemones, jellyfish, hydra) http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/Paleontology/Paleozoology/Important

Themes Science Paleontology / Paleozoology Paleozoology Kingdom Animalia Phylum Porifera (sponges) Phylum Cnidaria (corals, anemones, jellyfish, hydra) Class Anthozoa (corals and anemones) Subclass Rugosa (Paleozoic solitary horn corals) Subclass Tabulata (Paleozoic colonial corals) Subclass Zoantharia (modern corals) Phylum Bryozoa (tiny colonial coral-like animals, but anatomically more complex than coral) Phylum Brachiopoda (dominant bivalve of the Paleozoic) Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Trilobita (alternatively, Class Trilobita) Subphylum Crustacea (shrimp, crabs, lobsters) Subphylum Chelicerata (horseshoe crabs, eurypterids, arachnids [spiders]) Subphylum Labiata (insects, centipedes, milipedes) Phylum Mollusca Class Gastropoda (snails) Class Pelecypoda (mollusk bivalves) Class Cephalopoda (nautiloids, ammonoids, squid, octopus, cuttlefish) Phylum Echinodermata stalked echinoderms (classes cystoidea, blastoidea, and crinoidea)

44. The Paleo Ring Information about the Geology and paleontology of Oklahoma. Provides info about fossil Fossils collected from the UK including dinosaur, fish and more. http://b.webring.com/hub?ring=paleoring

45. Data And Collections: Ichthyology (Fish) Collections, Recommended Web Sites These sites or institutions have specific collections for fish specimens, Subject Museum Collections, paleontology, Amphibians, fishes, Mollusks, http://www.nbii.gov/datainfo/syscollect/by_type/fish.php

Natural History Museums Botany Collections Entomology (Insect) Collections Ichthyology (Fish) Collections ... Ornithology (Bird) Collections Museums and Collections: Ichthyology Collections of Interest Some of these institutions currently have all or a portion of their collections databases digitized and available via the internet for searching or browsing (the list is not definitive, but is being added to on a regular basis). These sites or institutions have specific collections for fish specimens, or have departments, divisions, or research dedicated to ichthyology. There are resources available. Amherst Department of Biology, Online Collections Resource Identifier: http://bcrc.bio.umass.edu/ummnh/index.phtml Cataloging Node: Museums and Collections Creator: University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Department of Biology Contributor: Massachusetts Museum of Natural History Subject: Museum Collections, Fishes, Botany, Mammals, databases Description: There are three searchable collections databases: Preserved Fishes, Herbarium, and a Mammal Collection. The mammal collection database contains information on 4,900 specimens. The Herbarium collection has over 224,000 items, from vascular plants to bryophtyes. Publisher: University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Department of Biology

46. International Symposium On Deep-Sea Corals Understanding the ecosystem role, function and value of deepsea corals and Theme 6, fish Ecology Conveners Anthony Koslow (Australia) and Kenneth http://conference.ifas.ufl.edu/coral/

Sponsors Site Index l l Post-Symposium Field Trips l Travel Information l Who Should Attend l Registration Information l Area Information l Call for Abstracts l Meeting Location l Symposium Organizers l Symposium Proceedings l Hotel Accommodations l Symposium Coordinator l Symposium Themes l Financial Assistance l Local Arrangement Committee l Tentative Agenda l Symposium Sponsors l ISDSC Steering Committee l Printable Brochure (PDF) l Proceedings of the 2nd ISDSC Understanding the ecosystem role, function and value of deep-sea corals and associated fauna has become a priority topic for many national governments and international regional resource management bodies. Continuing with the tradition of the 1st Symposium in Halifax, Canada (2000), and 2nd Symposium in Erlangen, Germany (2003), the 3rd International Symposium on Deep-Sea Corals will facilitate global exchange of the current scientific knowledge of deep-sea corals and associated fauna and to discuss possible statutory means available to conserve and protect deep-sea habitat. The 3rd International Symposium will provide attendees from around the world with an opportunity to share their research results, identify information gaps, and discuss if deep-sea corals need special protection and if so, the statutory means available to do so. Being

47. Center For Stratigraphy And Paleontology (CSP)- NYS Museum NYS Museum The mentor of the CSP is James Hallthe Father of American paleontology, on the fossil fish of Miguasha, eastern Quebec, and on the paleontology of http://www.nysm.nysed.gov/csp/

Information Exhibits Programs Education ... Services Center for Stratigraphy and Paleontology Staff Directory Stratigraphy Subsurface Geology Mission: The Center for Stratigraphy and Paleontology (CSP) has two primary responsibilities: to conserve and make accessible the extensive subsurface and fossil collections of the New York State Museum and to conduct basic research on the stratigraphic record and history of life in New York and collateral regions. Functions: The CSP was created by the New York State Museum in 1999 to continue a number of functions of the New York State Geologic Survey. These include: assuring access to and permanent conservation of two large collections: the ca. one million specimens of the Paleontology Collection and the Subsurface Collection (e.g., 300 continuous cores, 21,000 wire logs, and 2,100 complete sets of cuttings from oil and gas wells across New York); continuing and completing original research on the history and evolution of life and on the local and global controls (e.g., climate, sea-level changes, plate tectonic processes) responsible for deposition and preservation of the sedimentary rock record; disseminating information on the history of life and ancient environments through "deep time";

48. Earth & Sky : EarthCare Stories So I do paleontology on reefs, but again, with a little bit of an ecological And once the coral becomes flatter, then fish and sea urchins and all the http://www.earthsky.com/shows/earthcare/showsmore.php?t=20040723&s=s&h=Oceans

49. Museum Victoria [ed-online] Dinosaurs & Fossils - Diversification Of Life In The The rugose and tabulate corals became extinct at the end of the The earliest traces of fish are bony scales found in rocks of the Late Cambrian period, http://www.museum.vic.gov.au/dinosaurs/lifetime-oceans.html

Time Fossils and the Scientific Process Life through Time Evolutionary Milestones ... Further Research Link to Prehistoric Life Diversification of life in the oceans This segment deals with the proliferation of life in the oceans during the Palaeozoic Era (545-251 million years ago), following the appearance of the first animals with hard shells at the beginning of the Cambrian Period. By the end of the Cambrian, all major groups of animals (phyla) with representatives living today had appeared, except for the bryozoans which first appear in the fossil record at the beginning of the succeeding Ordovician Period. A faunal radiation in the Ordovician populated the seas with many types of animals that continued to flourish throughout the remainder of the Palaeozoic. The fauna of the Burgess Shale Assemblages of fossils similar to those in the Burgess Shale have been discovered in Cambrian rocks at a few other places in the world, including China, the United States and South Australia, demonstrating that such faunas were widely distributed in the oceans at this time. Their rarity as fossils is thus due to the unusual conditions required for their preservation. These faunas show the great diversity of marine life at a very early stage in the history of metazoans. Palaeozoic invertebrate faunas The major groups of invertebrates present in the Palaeozoic are as follows.

50. Nearctica - Ecology - Biogeography - Biomes, Ecoregions, And Habitats - Coral Re A great, nontechnical introduction to corals and coral reefs. Keoki s fish Corner. Keoki and Yuko Stender. Sure, the title says fish (and there are http://www.nearctica.com/ecology/habitats/reef.htm

Habitats - Coral Reefs Special Segments Butterflies of North America Conifers of North America Eastern Birds List of N.A. Insects Home Eastern Wildflowers General Topics Natural History Ecology Family Environment Evolution Home Education Home Conservation Geophysics Paleontology Commercial Organizations Buy Books about Coral Reefs Coral Reefs are a phenomenon of tropical waters and in North America are restricted to southern Florida. It's the policy of Nearctica to restrict ourselves to North America, but we just couldn't resist going a little further afield for this fascinating subject. General Conservation and Monitoring Wildlife GENERAL Jurassic Reef Park . Reinhold Leinfelder. Coral reefs and their equivalents have been around for a long time. This great site examines some prehistoric reefs and in the process gives us a lot of information about modern coral reefs. Learn about the corals that form the reefs and the animals that live on them. You'll find extensive comparisons between modern and fossil coral reef assemblages. Highly recommended. Hawaii Coral Reef Network . A great web site on coral reefs. Included here is a magnificent section on the marine life of Hawaii. You'll also find slide shows on the ecology of the coral reef (under education), reef news, reefs in Hawaii, and much more. Highly recommended.

51. Nearctica - Natural History - Cnidaria And Ctenophora In the corals and sea anenomes, however, the medusa (free living stage) has been lost. Museum of paleontology, University of California at Berkeley. http://www.nearctica.com/nathist/miscanim/cnidaria.htm

Cnidaria and Ctenophora Special Segments Butterflies of North America Conifers of North America Eastern Birds List of N.A. Insects Home Eastern Wildflowers General Topics Natural History Ecology Family Environment Evolution Home Education Home Conservation Geophysics Paleontology Commercial Organizations Buy Books on Marine Invertebrates Cnidaria General ... Ctenophora CNIDARIA The Cnidaria are divided into three major groups. Hydrozoa - The Hydrozoa consists of the hydra-like animals. Both medusa and hydra stages exist in this species, although the hydra (polyp) stage is by far the more conspicuous. Scyphozoa - The Scyphozoa are the jellyfish. The polyp stage is very small and inconspicuous and the medusa (jellyfish) stage dominates. Anthozoa - The Anthozoa consists of the corals, sea anenomes, sea fans, and a variety of other marine organisms. The medusa stage of the life cycle has been completely lost in these animals. CTENOPHORA The Ctenophora (comb jellies or sea walnuts) look very much like jelly fish and share many of their morphological features such as radially symmetry, a sack-like body with a wall consisting of three layers. Unlike the Cnidaria, however, they lack independent mesodermal muscles, nematocysts (stinging cells), and the polyp-medusa life cycle. The group is characterized by eight ciliary plates (combs). The cilia in these combs wave in unison and enable the animal to swim about, although somewhat weakly.

52. Fac Geology and vertebrate paleontology of a Lower Permian delta margin in Baylor Middle Devonian Auloporid corals from the Traverse Group of Michigan http://students.mwsu.edu/organizations/geologyclub/faculty.asp

FACULTY Geology Program Midwestern State University Chairman M. John Kocurko Professor... M. John Kocurko , Ph.D. - Texas Tech University 1972; M.S. - University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee 1969; B.S. - Midwestern State University 1966. Contact: fkocurkj@nexus.mwsu.edu Specialties: Carbonate Sedimentology, Structural Geology, Paleontology. Publications 1. A paleoenvironmental investigation of San Andres Island, Colombia: A study of carbonate rocks: Dissertation Abstracts International, Vol. XXXIV, 1973. 2. Modern and ancient reef complexes and associated limestone diagenesis of San Andres Island Colombia: Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, vol. 24, p. 107-127, 1974. 3. Modern marine environments of San Andres Island Colombia: Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 111-134, 1977. 4. Silicification of calcium phosphate in a carbonate environment, San Andres , Colombia: co-author D.J. Robertson, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, vol.61, no. 5, p. 804, 1977. 5. Dolomitization by spray-zone brine seepage, San Andres, Colombia: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, vol. 49, p. 209-214, 1978.

53. Cnidarians Some groups, particularly the reefcorals employ photosynthetic algae The more important groups (in terms of paleontology) construct their skeletons of http://paleo.cortland.edu/tutorial/Cnidarians/cnidarians.htm

CNIDARIANS From Eldredge (1991) INTRODUCTION The phylum Cnidaria (Coelenterata in some texts) includes both solitary and colonial organisms that have radial and/or bilateral symmetry. Typical cnidarians alternate each generation between a fixed polyp stage and a free living medusoid stage. Most cnidarians are considered carnivores because of their ability to actually catch food with their stinging cells called nematocysts. Some groups, particularly the reef-corals employ photosynthetic algae (zooxanthellae) within their tissues in a symbiotic relationship to aid in supplying food needed for their rapid growth. The cnidarian classes Anthozoa (corals) and Hydrozoa have calcified skeletons of aragonite and calcite and a good fossil record, whereas the long fossil record of the class Scyphozoa (jelly fish) is comprised mostly of molds and casts. Class Octocorallia is not well represented in the fossil record because of its poorly calcified skeletons. The general form of coral colonies may be quite similar in unrelated anthozoans (e.g., some colonial Tabulates and Scleractinians) because form represents a basic response to long-term environmental conditions (i.e., limiting factors such as light, turbidity, and especially wave and current energy). The first part of the lab introduces you to the taxonomy of the Cnidarians and their geologic ranges. The second part concentrates on aspects of coral morphology, coloniality, and integration that are used to deduce ancient environments

54. GEOL 331 Lectures 38-39: Major Patterns In Paleontology Major Patterns in paleontology. Interactions between biotic and abiotic world. Late OrdovicianLate Devonian extinction tabulate corals and http://www.geol.umd.edu/~tholtz/G331/331hist.htm

GEOL 331 Invertebrate Paleontology Fall Semester 2004 Major Patterns in Paleontology Interactions between biotic and abiotic world. Some represent short term events; other long term trends. Classic examples: mass extinctions, often with abiotic causes but causing major rearrangements of biotic communities. Long Fuse of Cambrian Explosion: abiotic changes in oceanic chemistry leading to (incrementally greater) ability of organisms to form calcareous hard parts. Cambrian Substrate Revolution: advances in organisms (infaunal burrowing; epifaunal grazers) elimate algal matgrounds; loss of matground in oxygenated waters means loss of basal substrate for some groups (helioplacoids, for example). Calcite vs. Aragonite seas When midocean ridges have low activity, high levels of Mg relative to Ca: aragonite seas with reduced reef building activity and aragonite is main mineral in cements and ooids When midocean ridges have high activity, low Mg/Ca ratios: calcite seas with increased reef building activity and calcite is main mineral in cements and ooids Early Cambrian through mid-Mississippian, calcite seas

55. Journal Of Paleontology: Neogene Marine Biota Of Tropical America ("NMITA") Data America ( NMITA ) database Accounting for biodiversity in paleontology, and identification tools are being developed for corals and mollusks. http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3790/is_200105/ai_n8934514

@import url(/css/us/style1.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); @import url(/css/us/articles.css); @import url(/css/us/artHome1.css); Home Advanced Search IN free articles only all articles this publication Automotive Sports FindArticles Journal of Paleontology May 2001 var if_Site_ID = "looksmart"; var if_sid="9"; var if_protocol=window.location.protocol; var if_tag = ""; var mep1="&pagename=art_articleqa3790_200105_n8934514_neogene_marine_biota_of_tropical_America_("_NMITA"_)_databaseAccounting_for_biodiversity_in_paleontology_The&cmcat=magid_qa3790_1&domain=www_findarticles_com&article=n8934514&pub=qa3790&source=proquest"; document.write(if_tag); Content provided in partnership with 10,000,000 articles Not found on any other search engine. Featured Titles for ASA News ASEE Prism Academe African American Review ... View all titles in this topic Hot New Articles by Topic Automotive Sports Top Articles Ever by Topic Automotive Sports neogene marine biota of tropical America ("NMITA") database: Accounting for biodiversity in paleontology, The Journal of Paleontology May 2001 by Budd, Ann F

56. Exhibition THE HALL OF GEOLOGY AND paleontology In the entrance corridor to this hall, fish Section(click here) 2.1.2 fish Different aquariums display various http://www.hamshahri.org/musiems/daarabad/e-exhibiti/right-ex.htm

Exhibition Section 1. THE HALL OF GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY: In the entrance corridor to this hall, are displays of minerals and gems, representative of Iran and the world, Specimens of minerals. Some of the finest gems on gems on display include Amethyst, Lapis Lazuli, Fluorite, Opal, Garnet, Turquoise and Agate. The main part of the hall offers remarkable dioramas, beginning with an illustration of the creation of the universe, the solar system and the different eras of life starting with the Precambrian. Beautiful painted images, models and plastic casts of prehistoric animals and plants have been used to recreate life as it was in each era. Fossil exhibitions related to the scenes in each diorama are organized in cylindrical cases opposite the dioramas. The museum has one of the organized in cylindrical cases opposite the dioramas. The museum has one of the Quaternary Period (1.6- 0.01 million years ago) and fossilized plants such Sigilliaria from the Permian Period (290-245 million years ago). Other specimens on display include echinoderms, arthropods, brachiopods, corals, cephalopods, fish, foraminifers, sponges, bivalves and gastropods from the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras. Some exhibits such as Stromatolites date back to more 1 billion years ago. Remarkably, almost all of the specimens on display are real fossils, not casts.

57. GSC Calgary - Paleontology Definition of paleontology including a list of experts at the Geological Survey Wayne Bamber (Paleozoic corals); Ramakant Kalgutkar (fungal palynology) http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/org/calgary/research/paleontology_e.php

Contact us Help Search Canada site ... Natural Resources Canada Geological Survey of Canada GSC Calgary Home Home Staff directory Services Discipline Basin Analysis Sequence Stratigraphy Paleontology Geological Mapping Structural Geology Seismic Analysis Geochemistry ... Technology Development Region Appalachia Arctic Islands Cordillera and west coast Central Canada ... Geological Survey of Canada Calgary GSC Calgary Paleontology Paleontology is the study of life of past geological times based on the examination of fossil remains of plants and animals. Biostratigraphy is the part of paleontology that relates to the conditions and order of deposition of sedimentary rocks. Information derived from the study of the evolution of important fossil groups is used to develop and modify the standard geological time scale for intercontinental correlation. This scale is the geological clock that records when geological events occurred. The study of fossils also leads to an understanding of ancient depositional environments. Examinations of the physical and chemical changes that fossils undergo over time can provide insight into the changing physical and chemical characteristics of sedimentary environments over time. Paleontology research at GSC Calgary focuses mainly on microfossils (primarily conodonts and foraminifera) and palynomorphs (pollens and spores). We are responsible for the

58. PSIgate - Physical Sciences Information Gateway Search/Browse Results The Museum of paleontology holds a large collections of fossil specimens. The invertebrate collection includes Palaeozoic fauna, especially corals, http://www.psigate.ac.uk/roads/cgi-bin/psisearch.pl?term1=corals&limit=0&subject

59. Miss Valley & Gulf Coastal Plain Fossils in the Nacatoch Sand include corals, echinoderms, bryozoa, annelids, Fossils include fish and reptile bones and teeth, leaf impressions, http://www.state.ar.us/agc/miss.htm

Online Services Privacy Accessibility Security Arkansas Geological Commission Home Page Location Services Arkansas Geology ... Links Stratigraphic summary of the Mississippi Embayment and Gulf Coastal Plain TRINITY GROUP/FORMATION Age : Early Cretaceous Period, Comanchian Series Distribution : Gulf Coastal Plain in southwest Arkansas. Parts of Little River, Sevier, Howard, Hempstead, Pike, Clark, and Nevada counties; Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma Geology Original Reference : R. T. Hill, 1888, Science, v. 11, p. 21 Type locality: Named for exposures on the Trinity River of Texas GOODLAND LIMESTONE/FORMATION Age : Early Cretaceous Period, Comanchian Series Distribution : Limited exposure along Little River north of Cerrogordo, Little River County, Arkansas, Gulf Coastal Plain; Oklahoma and Texas Geology : The Goodland Limestone is a medium- to thick-bedded, hard, sandy, light-gray limestone with minor thin-bedded calcareous sandstone. Poorly preserved fossils are common. The lower contact is not exposed in Arkansas. The maximum exposed thickness of the Goodland Limestone is 35 feet; however, the entire unit may reach 50 feet. Original reference : R. T. Hill, 1891, Geological Society American Bulletin, v. 2, p. 504- 514.

60. Journal Of Paleontology -- Table Of Contents (September 1 1964, 38 [ 5]) William A. Oliver A new species of the rugose coral genus Nalivkinella from the J. Rade Upper Devonian fish from the Mount Jack area, New South Wales, http://jpaleontol.geoscienceworld.org/content/vol38/issue5/

Quick Search: advanced search GSW Home GeoRef Home My GSW Alerts ... SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS Receive this page by email each issue: [Sign up for eTOCs] Contents: September 1 1964, Volume 38, Issue 5 [Index by Author] Other Issues: ARTICLES Find articles in this issue containing these words: [Search ALL Issues] To see an article , click its [Full Text] link. To review many abstracts , check the boxes to the left of the titles you want, and click the 'Get All Checked Abstract(s)' button. To see one abstract at a time , click its [Abstract] link. ARTICLES: A. J. Boucot, J. G. Johnson, and R. D. Staton On some atrypoid, retzioid and athyridoid Brachiopoda Journal of Paleontology 1964 38: 805-822. [Citation/Abstract] [Order Hardcopy of Full Text via AGI/GeoRef] Holmes A. Semken, Barry B. Miller, and J. B. Stevens Late Wisconsin woodland musk oxen in association with pollen and invertebrates from Michigan Journal of Paleontology 1964 38: 823-835. [Citation/Abstract] [Order Hardcopy of Full Text via AGI/GeoRef] Rex M. Peterson Ostracodes of the superfamilies Quasillitacea and Kloedenellacea from the Middle Devonian strata of Michigan, Ohio, New York, and Ontario

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