21. Coral Reef Ecology Center for Aquatic Resource Studies Science for the Conservation of coral reefs. http://cars.er.usgs.gov/Coral_Reef_Ecology/coral_reef_ecology.html

USGS Home Contact USGS Search USGS FISC - Aquatic Resource Studies - Gainesville Home Publications Outreach Center Staff ... Site Map Science for the Conservation of Coral Reefs Coral reefs in the Caribbean and western Atlantic are deteriorating in response to hurricanes, coral diseases, anchor damage, sedimentation, and other stresses. USGS biologists Overview Virgin Islands National Park VI Ecological Monitoring Program Sea Turtle Monitoring Protocols ... Complete Download Kit at the Caribbean Field Station are documenting the current status of coral reefs and the effects of some of these stresses within Virgin Islands National Park (St. John), Buck Island Reef National Monument (St. Croix), and Dry Tortugas National Park (Florida). The primary objective is to detect change in benthic cover over time using a statistically rigorous protocol. Coral Reef Monitoring Manual (download version - 2.9meg) Hard copies are currently available. For information, please contact Caroline Rogers, email: caroline_rogers@usgs.gov Virgin Islands National Park P.O. Box 710

22. Coral Reefs Learn the facts about the ecology and conservation of coral reefs. More Websites About coral reefs; coral Reef ecology from the US Geological Survey http://42explore.com/reef.htm

The Topic: Coral Reefs Easier - Coral is a substance that is formed by the skeletons of sea animals. Live, healthy coral is often brightly colored. Large coral groups form rounded or branching masses. A strip or ridge of solidified coral at or near an ocean surface is called a coral reef. Harder - Coral is a limestone formation formed in the sea by millions of tiny animals called polyps. Most coral polyps live together in colonies. They attach themselves to each other with a flat sheet of tissue that connects to the middle of another polyp body; half of the coral polyp extends above and the remaining half is below the connective sheet. Coral polyps remove calcium out of the sea water to build their limestone skeletons. They then deposit calcium carbonate (limestone) around their lower body halves. When the animals die, they leave limestone "skeletons" that become the foundations of barriers and ridges called coral reefs. As new polyps grow, their mass makes the limestone formation larger and larger. Coral Reef from Enchanted Learning http://www.enchantedlearning.com/biomes/coralreef/coralreef.shtml

23. BBSR Coral Reef Ecology Course Bermuda s reefs The coral Reef ecology (CRE) course exposes the student to the reef ecosystem at all organizational levels from physiological ecology http://www.bbsr.edu/Education/summercourses/cre/cre.html

Summer Course List A Note About Course Dates Online Application Form Printable PDF Application Form ... BBSR Virtual Tour Coral Reef Ecology June 5 - 25, 2005 Instructors: Drs. Samantha De Putron and Ross Jones, BBSR Open to Divers only The Coral Reef Ecology ( CRE ) course exposes the student to the reef ecosystem at all organizational levels from physiological ecology through population biology and community structure to ecosystem dynamics and ends with consideration of human impacts. CRE participants regularly come from the UK, Europe, South and Central America, and Pacific Rim countries. The maximum class size is 15. The format and content of the course is geared to upper level undergraduates and beginning graduate students. CRE is an intensive, integrated introduction comprised of lectures, required reading, laboratory exercises and field surveys. The students' work is divided into 21 hours of lectures, 24 hours of lab work, 37 hours of field work and a written exam. An additional 10-15 hours are taken to complete working-group analyses and presentations. The students are graded on participation (50%), exam (35%) and oral presentation (15%). The course requirements are completed during the three week period spent in Bermuda. All participants in the course must be certified SCUBA divers with current certification, including the

24. Fall Semester Coral Reef Ecology coral REEF ecology Dr. Samantha de Putron. Synopsis of course content Introduction to Bermuda and her reefs coral ecology I patterns of feeding and http://www.bbsr.edu/Education/URI/Fall_Courses/Fall_Coral_Reef_Ecology/fall_cora

CORAL REEF ECOLOGY Dr. Samantha de Putron Synopsis of course content An intensive, integrated introduction comprised of lectures, required reading, laboratory exercises and field surveys. The lectures cover a broad range of relevant topics in coral reef ecology that are supplemented by readings from the primary literature, with attention given to active areas of research. The lab and fieldwork is focused on training in practical techniques commonly used in reef research. The techniques are used repetitively at different reef sites so that each student has the opportunity to become familiar with the methods. A significant aspect of the course is a final synthesis of the data sets collected from the different study reefs. Prerequisites Introductory Ecology SCUBA certification is highly recommended before the course. Snorkeling ability is REQUIRED. Assignments Weekly readings from the primary scientific literature. Reading Material Selected readings from the primary literature. Exams Two mid-terms and a final examination. Term Papers A laboratory report and oral presentation at the end of the term on one of the components of the reef surveys or physiological measurements.

25. Starfish: Starting Page - Marine Biology (characteristics, Ecology And Range, Be To texts about reef ecology, types od reefs, the ocean, reefs in the To the cnidarians (corals, jellyfish, hydroids, anemones) http://www.starfish.ch/reef/

Please click on one of the small photos above to link to pages and underwater photos of that particular group of marine animals or plants. The texts cover the important identification points, where those animals are likely to be found and contain interesting information about their behavior. starfish site map Click on this icon to get back to this page. Overview Over 1000 photos! Photo collections with thumbnail images Fotosammlungen mit Vorschau-Grafiken (thumbnail) Marine Plants Forams Sponges Cnidarians ... Echinoderms - Chordates ( Ascidians ) - Vertebrates ( Fishes Reptiles , Mammals etc.) - Unidentified reef animals Marine Pflanzen Nesseltiere Weichtiere ... Moostierchen - Chordatiere ( Seescheiden ) - Wirbeltiere ( Fische Reptilien Nicht identifizierte Tiere Coral reefs ... Krankheiten der Korallen This page www.starfish.ch/reef/index.html

26. A Guide To Protecting Coral Reefs Requirements For coral Reef Ecological Integrity. Reef development requires a minimum would be expected to have major impacts on coral reef ecology. http://www.environmentaldefense.org/documents/496_ACFC6.htm

A Guide To Protecting Coral Reefs By Rodney M. Fujita and Mark S. Epstein, Environmental Defense Fund; Thomas J. Goreau, Global Coral Reef Alliance; Kristina Gjerde, Environmental Solutions International Originally published November 1992 Background Coral reef ecosystems deserve special attention within the scope of global efforts to protect our natural heritage. They play an important role in sustaining biological diversity, global biogeochemical cycles, and the economies of many countries. Despite these values, many coral reefs around the world are being rapidly degraded. While the biological and economic importance of coral reefs is fairly well documented, scant attention has been paid to them by policy makers at any level of political organization until recently. The degradation and destruction of coral reefs have such varied sources and widespread environmental and economic impacts, and funding for conservation is so limited, that coral reef protection must be addressed not only at the local, but at the regional and global levels as well. Local threats to coral reefs, such as sewage pollution, overfishing, and deforestation, must be addressed primarily by countries containing coral reefs, supplemented when appropriate by international financial and technical assistance. Regional problems, such as the transport of water and air pollution across national boundaries, must be addressed through regional legal instruments, again with international assistance to implement regional policies. Finally, the threats posed to coral reefs by global warming, ozone depletion, and international trade in coral reef organisms and natural products can only be reduced through international accords.

27. Coral Reef Ecology, Alaska Pacific University MAR410 The ecology of coral reefs and associated organisms. Offered alternate (even) years in Hawaiian coral Reef ecology. Mutual Publishing Honolulu. http://marine.alaskapacific.edu/courses/MAR410.php

Coral Reef Ecology MAR410: The ecology of coral reefs and associated organisms. Offered alternate (even) years in January Block. Course Page Syllabus General Expectations Web Resources Description A field-oriented block course that examines the ecology of coral reefs and associated organisms, including reef building organisms, organisms that live on or in the reef, and coral reef ecosystems. Topics include coral taxonomy, reproduction, morphology and ecology, reef structure and zonation, coral identification, symbionts on coral reefs, and coral reef ecosystems. Students will spend substantial time in or on the water (snorkeling). No SCUBA certification required. Lab included. Lab fee required. Additional costs of travel to and within the tropics, are required of the student. Prerequisites: MAR 201 and SC 301. Required texts: Gulko, D. 1998. Hawaiian Coral Reef Ecology . Mutual Publishing: Honolulu. Ronald H. Karlson. 2002. Dynamics of Coral Communities . Vol 23 in Population and Community Biology Series. Kluwer Academic Publishers. January Block 2006 field trips Hawaiian Vacations 261-2700 has good air fares out of Anchorage.

28. Coral Reef Ecology, Alaska Pacific University MAR410 The ecology of coral reefs and associated organisms. Offered alternate (even) years in January Block. Course Page Syllabus General http://marine.alaskapacific.edu/courses/MAR410 Syllabus.php

Syllabus: Coral Reef Ecology MAR410: The ecology of coral reefs and associated organisms. Offered alternate (even) years in January Block. Course Page Syllabus General Expectations Web Resources SYLLABUS Jan 2004 Jan 2006

29. Institute For Tropical Ecology And Conservation Review of general concepts of ecology with emphasis on coral reefs as the basis of marine tropical ecosystems. Organisms I http://www.itec-edu.org/coral2.html

Home Info Station Field Courses ... Site Contents Coral Reef Ecology Instructor: Dr. Moninya Roughan University of California, San Diego Scripps Institution of Oceanography Room 2147 Sverdrup Hall 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093-0218 Phone: (858) 822 4926 Fax: (858) 822 0562 E-mail: mroughan@ucsd.edu NOTE: Diving certification is not necessary to enroll in this course, but is recommended. For SCUBA-certified (PADI, NAUI, or SSI certified) students who will be diving, there is a $100 Lab Fee with this course which covers dive tank, air and dive weight rental. Students with SCUBA certification are expected to bring their own BC, regulators, and proof of certification. Course Description This course will consider both the physical and biological aspects of coral reef ecology. Lectures and field trips will be used to cover the ecologically relevant aspects of geology and oceanography, review the organisms living on the coral reefs, and to consider the overall interactions of the organisms with each other, as well as with their physical environment. We will also look at the effect of various environmental factors (global warming, runoffs, over fishing, etc.) on the overall health of coral reefs. Additionally, students will be exposed to a number of field and laboratory research techniques used in coral reef ecology, and they will be expected to participate in an independent and original research project. As part of their research training, students will also be expected to review and critique a number of published articles.

30. Pro Dive - Coral Reef Ecology ROS® coral REEF ecology. coral reefs are the basic reason why dive resorts exist; therefore, the importance of understanding and protecting these reefs is http://www.prodiveusa.com/reefecology.shtml

SCUBA CAREER TRAINING SITE MAP CONTACT US HOME SCUBA CAREER SCUBA DIVING SNORKELING DIVE STORE ABOUT US Need more info? We'll be happy to send you our printed information package. You just have to fill out the request form Enroll in a program! FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions WHY PRO DIVE? COURSES DATES COSTS ... British Military Resettlement Coral reefs are the basic reason why dive resorts exist; therefore, the importance of understanding and protecting these reefs is obvious. This part of ROS helps you understand the delicate balance of the reef ecosystem, identify reef creatures and learn how to reduce diver impact on reefs. As a result, you will be able to intelligently answer questions, explain the intricacies of the environment and help protect the ecosystem by encouraging proper reef diving techniques. The advanced knowledge and skills you will acquire include: Types and origins of coral reefs Coral reef distribution, zonation and productivity

31. Coral Cay Conservation - Coral Reef Ecology And Facts coral reef information. coral Reef ecology and facts. Diverse coral reef. coral reefs are arguably the most diverse and productive marine communities on http://www.coralcay.org/science/reefs/coral_reef_ecology.php

Tuesday 20th September 2005 coralcay.org The Science Coral Reef ecology and facts Coral reefs are arguably the most diverse and productive marine communities on the planet, and can also create the biggest and most spectacular structures made by living organisms. They are home to an astonishing range of plants and animals. These extraordinary ecosystems are exploited by local communities due to their high productivity and admired by tourists due to their beauty and uniqueness. What are coral reefs? Are they plants or animals? Contrary to common belief, coral reefs are neither animals or plants, but a combination of both. The animal (polyp) and the plant (zooxanthellae) benefit from each other, in a process known as symbiosis. Coral reefs are limestone structures formed in the sea by millions of tiny animals called coral polyps. Most coral polyps live together in colonies. They attach themselves to each other with a flat sheet of tissue that connects to the middle of another polyp body. Coral polyps absorb calcium from the sea water to build their limestone "skeletons". When the animals die, they leave these limestone skeletons that become the foundations of barriers and ridges called coral reefs. As new polyps grow, their mass makes the limestone formation larger and larger. Through symbiosis with unicellular algae (zooxanthellae), reef-building corals are the basis of life in reef communities. Diverse coral formations may resemble branching trees, large domes, small irregular layers, or tiny organ pipes, and the range of colours is as varied as the shapes. Colour variation in coral reef communities is as wide and spectacular as shape and size variability.

32. Coral Reef Research Group And Nutrient Laboratory coral Reef ecology Lectures. Lecture 1 Introduction to reefs coral Reef ecology - Assigned Reading (These files may take a moment to loadplease be http://people.uncw.edu/szmanta/CoralReefEcology04a.htm

Coral Reef Ecology BIO Aerial photo of Little Cayman Fluorescent coral: Agaricia sp. Little Cayman 15 m deep Little Cayman deep reef; tube sponges Dry Tortugas : 100 year old wreck overgrown with coral Class field trip to Belize 2002 Personnel Alina Szmant Links Contact us Course Announcement ... Lectures Syllabi Lecture Syllabus Laboratory Syllabus Group presentation list Group 1 presentation ... PDF's of Assigned Readings You will need Adobe Acrobat Reader to view / print the above files. Reef Geology Slides Coral Biology Slides Page last updated: 01/12/04 06:25 PM Coral Reef Ecology - Lectures Lecture 1 Introduction to reefs # 1 pdf 4 slides per page Lecture 2 Coral biology and feeding # 2 pdf 4 slides per page ... Lecture 13 History of reef formation (4 slides per page) Lecture 14 Reef formation # 14 4 slides per page Lecture 15 Reef growth 4 slides per page ... Lecture 18 Anthropogenic effects Coral Reef Ecology - Assigned Reading (These files may take a moment to loadplease be patient.) Done T.J. (1983) Coral Zonation: Its nature and significance.

33. Blue Planet: Coral Seas - Ecology Lesson Plan (grades 6-8) - DiscoverySchool.com This lesson plan focuses on coral reefs and threats to this fragile habitat. Grade level 68, Subject ecology, Duration Two or three class periods http://school.discovery.com/lessonplans/programs/BP_coralseas/

postionList = "compscreen,hedthick,admedia,tower,nuiad,interstitial"; OAS_RICH("interstitial"); OAS_RICH("admedia"); Grades K-5 Grades 6-8 Grades 9-12 Astronomy/Space ... Health History Ancient History U.S. History World History Life Science Animals Ecology Human Body The Microscopic World ... Weather Grade level: 6-8 Subject: Ecology Duration: Two or three class periods Objectives Materials Procedures Evaluation ... Buy this video View discussion questions Real Player Windows Media Use our free online Teaching Tools to create custom worksheets, puzzles and quizzes on this topic! Objectives Students will work in one of three groups, focusing on: basic information about coral polyps and coral reefs; coral reef habitats; or natural and human threats to coral reefs create a poster about their assigned topic and use the poster to teach the topic to the rest of the class Materials Paper and pencils Computer with Internet access Blue Planet: Coral Seas video and VCR Procedures Engage the class in a discussion of coral reefs. Encourage students to share what they know about these marine communities, and about the animals that create and live in them. Tell students that they will research aspects of the life of corals. Divide the class into three groups, and assign each group one of the following subjects: Corals Close-Up, Coral Communities, or Threats to Coral Reefs.

34. Coral Reef Home coral Reef ecology While living coral reefs constitute only about 0.1% of the The two semesterhour, intensive coral Reef ecology course taught here in http://spot.colorado.edu/~cundiff/coral.html

Coral Reef Ecology While living coral reefs constitute only about 0.1% of the sea floor (about 250K square miles, an area about twice the size of Colorado ), they contain an estimated 25% of all marine species. Now that is diversity! Tropical rainforests with 12,000 orchids and a half million insects contain a larger number of species, but almost all of them are flowering plants and insects. Coral reefs, some of which have been around continuously for 50 million years, have representative species from almost every major grouping of living organisms. Coral reefs are also among the most productive naturally-occurring ecosystems found on earth. It has been only since the development of modern SCUBA equipment in the late 1940s that significant numbers of scientists and recreational divers have been able to witness and study this small but significant portion of the marine environment. It is estimated that one billion people depend on coral reefs for their primary protein source, and the expanding world population is beginning to have major negative impacts on these reefs from: over-fishing; increased sedimentation from soil erosion from poorly managed logging operations; eutrophication from fertilizers and pesticides washed off land-based crops; and chemical toxins released into the seas either accidentally or on purpose. These healthy coral reefs are getting sick; they are noticeably threatened and are diminishing in size.

35. LII - Results For "coral Reef Ecology" Results for coral reef ecology 1 to 4 of 4. ReefBase A Global Information System on coral reefs. This site s objective is to facilitate better http://www.lii.org/advanced?searchtype=subject;query=Coral reef ecology;subsearc

36. CEP - ENST 57 - Coral Reef Ecology And Management coral Reef ecology and Management Links. Information specifically on the Virgin Islands Information about monitoring and management of coral reefs http://www.cep.unc.edu/outreach/coral/links.html

Course Home Links Supplemental Readings Trip Preparation ... Photo Album Coral Reef Ecology and Management - Links Information specifically on the Virgin Islands The Virgin Islands National Park http://www.virgin.islands.national-park.com/ This is the official site of the National Park Service. Information about monitoring and management of coral reefs EPA Coral Reef Protection Site http://www.epa.gov/owow/oceans/coral/index.html EPA site of coral reef links http://www.epa.gov/owow/oceans/coral/links.html This is a great set of links. United States Coral Reef Task Force http://coralreef.gov/ The U.S. Coral Reef Task Force (CRTF) was established to lead the U.S. response to this growing, global environmental crisis. Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/gcrmn/ The GCRMN is a network of people, governments, institutes and NGOs monitoring coral reefs in 80 countries and also a partnership of other monitoring programs. The Caribbean Coastal Marine Productivity (CARICOMP) http://isis.uwimona.edu.jm/centres/cms/caricomp/

37. Nearctica - Ecology - Biogeography - Biomes, Ecoregions, And Habitats - Coral Re You ll also find slide shows on the ecology of the coral reef (under education), reef news, reefs in Hawaii, and much more. Highly recommended. http://www.nearctica.com/ecology/habitats/reef.htm

Habitats - Coral Reefs Special Segments Butterflies of North America Conifers of North America Eastern Birds List of N.A. Insects Home Eastern Wildflowers General Topics Natural History Ecology Family Environment Evolution Home Education Home Conservation Geophysics Paleontology Commercial Organizations Buy Books about Coral Reefs Coral Reefs are a phenomenon of tropical waters and in North America are restricted to southern Florida. It's the policy of Nearctica to restrict ourselves to North America, but we just couldn't resist going a little further afield for this fascinating subject. General Conservation and Monitoring Wildlife GENERAL Jurassic Reef Park . Reinhold Leinfelder. Coral reefs and their equivalents have been around for a long time. This great site examines some prehistoric reefs and in the process gives us a lot of information about modern coral reefs. Learn about the corals that form the reefs and the animals that live on them. You'll find extensive comparisons between modern and fossil coral reef assemblages. Highly recommended. Hawaii Coral Reef Network . A great web site on coral reefs. Included here is a magnificent section on the marine life of Hawaii. You'll also find slide shows on the ecology of the coral reef (under education), reef news, reefs in Hawaii, and much more. Highly recommended.

38. Center For Ocean Sciences Education Excellence - Coral Reef Ecology Presentation number one concerns coral reefs. People have coexisted with coral reef ecosystems in Southeast Asia for thousands of years. http://cosee-central-gom.org/presentations2/pres03.htm

Home Presentations COSEE-GOM Backup CD Presentation Code: Dr. G. Joan Holt (Presenter Info) Coral Reef Fish Culture (Presentation) [Flash - 292 KB] - Readings: Holt (2000), Aquaculture [PDF - 112 KB] Holt (2003), Marine Ornamental Species [PDF - 68 KB] UJNR Tech Report [PDF - 154 KB] Research Report [PDF - 209 KB] Coral Reef Fish Culture (Homework) [PDF - 13 KB] NOTE: COSEE-GOM website username and presentation password should have been mailed to you. NEWS SEARCH CONTACTS LINKS ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE Current practices of wild capture are destructive to the coral reefs on which these beautiful species live. Cyanide and explosives are used to stun the fish, which are then gathered and shipped to markets worldwide. The University of Texas Marine Science Institute The institute has active research programs in marine science disciplines including the physiology, biochemistry and ecology of marine plants and animals; dynamics of marine ecosystems; biogeochemistry; mariculture; toxicology; and environmental monitoring. It is the oldest marine research station on the Texas Gulf Coast. Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network The GCRMN is tasked by national governments, United Nations agencies, international NGOs and marine institutes to promote monitoring of the coral reefs of the world. The aim is to raise awareness on their current status and provide data to assist resource managers in coral reef conservation.

39. Coral Reef Ecology ecology of coral reefs Undergraduate Course BIO 4515. Course outline and requirements Course Readings. Weekly themes http://my.fit.edu/~rvw/Lectures/Ecology of coral reefs.html

Ecology of Coral Reefs Undergraduate Course BIO 4515 Course outline and requirements Course Readings Weekly themes: 1. Geology, geomorphology and reef growth 2. The physicochemical environment 3. Corals and symbiosis 4. Clonal and aclonal organisms 5. Reproduction, recruitment and survival 6. Demography 7. Communities and community dynamics 8. Diversity and function 9. Biogeography and Evolution ... 11. Human disturbances 12. Conservation and management 13. Evaluating the past; Predicting the future

40. Reef - Selected Topics With Links corals Biology and Life Requirements. Marine ecology Ch. 20 by JS Levinton. corals as Environmental Indicators. Florida’s coral reefs are Imperiled http://www.geology.iupui.edu/Academics/CLASSES/G130/reefs/topics.htm

Reefs Topics- G130 Reefs: A Geologic Perspective Coral Reefs from Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Marine Ecology - Ch. 20 by J.S. Levinton from Duxbury and Duxbury Reef Building Organisms Through Time Facies Models by James Historical Development of Reefs from Reefs Resource Pages The Modern Reef Ecosystem Marine Biology by Thurman and Webber Historical Development of Reefs from Reefs Resource Pages from Duxbury and Duxbury Marine Ecology - Ch. 21 by J.S. Levinton Facies Models by James Corals: Biology and Life Requirements Marine Ecology - Ch. 20 by J.S. Levinton Corals as Environmental Indicators from National Geographic The Reef and Anthropogenic Affects Essentials of Oceanography by Thurman Global Relief Effort for Corals Marine Ecology - Ch. 21 J.S. Levinton Saving The Reefs International Wildlife by D. Hinrichsen Global Relief Effort for Corals Complete References. Marine Ecology J.S. Levinton, 1982, Marine Ecology, Prentice-Hall Inc., New Jersey, p.394-418; 419-444. Duxbury and Duxbury N. P. James N.P. James, 1984, Reefs in Facies Models, Ed. R.G. Walker, Geological Association of Canada, p. 229-244. Thurman and Webber H.V. Thurman, and H.H. Webber, 1984, Marine Biology, Charles E. Merrill Publishing, Chapter 12, Benthos on the Continental Shelf, p. 303-313.

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