1. The Coral Reef Ecology Home Page coral reefs . Literature Cited. For information about the Coral Reef Ecology Home Page project, contact Dr. Teresa Turner Overview. Coral reefs http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

2. Coral Reef Ecology Coral Reef Ecology http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

3. ReefBase Homepage - A Global Information System On Coral Reefs Data and GIS ReefBase is eager to learn about quality datasets on the geography and ecology of coral reefs (e.g reef locations, structure http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

4. Reef Relief - Coral Reef Conservation Science Education News Photos Staff. Coral Reef Conservation Program. Discover Coral Reefs School Program. Reef World. Clean Water Campaign Florida Keys Coral Reef http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

5. REEF CHECK Welcome Page Founded in 1996, Reef Check is a volunteer, ocean conservation organization designed to save coral reefs globally and temperate reefs in California. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

6. The Coral Reef Alliance Coral Reefs In The News. Arabian Gulf Corals Alive and Regenerating AME Info 07/10/05 Posted 7/12/05; 83714 AM http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

7. CHAMP ListServer NOAA's Coral Health And Monitoring Program Services to help improve and sustain coral reef health throughout the world. Part of an international network of coral reef researchers. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

8. Reef Environmental Education Foundation (REEF) Home Page Volunteer research program by recreational divers who take surveys of the world's coral reefs. About the project and its findings. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

9. Coral Magazine A quarterly video magazine of coral reefs. Includes ecology, descriptions, identification, free photos, filming techniques, and even a short quiz. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

10. Coral Realm Coral Realm is all about coral reef marine life. Site features a database of more than 1000 reef fish, sharks and rays searchable by common, http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

11. Coral Reefs: Ecology, Threats, & Conservation The Reef Relief environmental store. Protect living coral! Support Reef Relief, based in Key West, Florida. http://www.reefrelief.org/OnlineGiftShop/items/i00000011.html

Coral Reefs: Coral Reefs: by Charles Sheppard Paperback, 72 pages With beautiful color photos and a great introduction to the world of coral reefs, this book is sure to stir an interest in anyone wanting to learn about this diverse ecosystem. Coral reefs are one of the wonders of the natural world. Protecting thousands of miles of shoreline from erosion, these intricate three-dimensional structures support biodiversity essential to the balance of the world's ecosystems. They are one of nature's most significant and ancient infrastructures. Global warming and our overuse of the reefs is causing untold damage to these beautiful yet fragile formations. In this lavishly illustrated book, Dr. Charles Sheppard explores the underwater world of coral reefs. Using popular examples from around the world, he explains how these vast constructs function and what must be done to save them.

12. The Coral Reef Ecology Home Page about animals associated with coral reefs. Literature Cited. For information about the coral Reef ecology Home Page project, contact Dr. Teresa Turner http://www.uvi.edu/coral.reefer/

An Introduction to Coral Reefs Click here to go directly to information about coral anatomy Click here to go directly to information about types of coral reefs Click here to go directly to information about zooxanthellae Click here to go directly to information about coral feeding Click here to go directly to information about coral reproduction Click here to go directly to information about coral diseases Click here to go directly to information about coral bleaching Click here to go directly to information about human caused threats to coral reefs Click here to go directly to information about common Caribbean corals Click here to go directly to information about animals associated with coral reefs Literature Cited For information about the Coral Reef Ecology Home Page project, contact Dr. Teresa Turner Overview Coral reefs are among the most diverse and productive communities on Earth. They are found in the warm, clear, shallow waters of tropical oceans worldwide. Reefs have functions ranging from providing food and shelter to fish and invertebrates to protecting the shore from erosion. Through symbiosis with unicellular algae ( zooxanthellae ), reef-building corals are the source of primary production in reef communities (

13. Biology Learning Center -Online Science Courses Resources on coral reefs, marine ecology, oceanography, dolphin biology, ocean conservation, biodiversity, coral reef fish and research expeditions. http://www.marinebiology.org/science.htm

Visit Odyssey Expeditions Tropical Marine Biology Voyages website to discover how you can go sailing in the Virgin Islands this summer aboard a research catamaran and learn about scuba diving, marine biology, and sailing. http://www.odysseyexpeditions.org P lease enjoy these marine science educational resources brought to you by the Marine Biology Learning Center, a nonprofit organization dedicated to providing insight and leadership to the stewardship of our ocean planet. Fish, a quick course in Ichthyology Learn about sharks, rays, and bony fish Evolution, Ecology, Physiology, Reproduction and Sensory Biology Coral Reef Fish Ecology An in-depth look at the challenges faced by fishes on coral reefs General Ecology What ecology is, and basic ecological principles Marine Ecology The challenges faced by marine organisms and how they cope with these challenges Coral Reefs Biology, Distribution, and Evolution Coral Reef Bleaching What causes the whitening of the reefs, is global climate change possibly going to cause the destruction of coral reefs worldwide? Dolphins Evolution, Distribution, Physiology, Sensory Biology, Behavior, and Training

14. Coral Magazine A quarterly video magazine of coral reefs. Includes ecology, descriptions, identification, free photos, filming techniques, and even a short quiz. coral and shells are featured. http://www.corals.org

Coral Magazine September 2005 Volume 7 Number 1 (Volume 7 Number 2 out in December)

15. Coral Reef Ecology The ecology of coral reefs in Hawai i is unique compared to reefs in other tropical areas. Hawaiian reefs are unique for several reasons http://www.coralreefnetwork.com/reefs/ecology/default.htm

Overview of Ecology of Coral Reefs in Hawai,'i Brian N. Tissot Kalakaua Marine Education Center A. Uniqueness of Hawaiian Ecology The ecology of coral reefs in Hawai'i is unique compared to reefs in other tropical areas. Hawaiian reefs are unique for several reasons: 1. They are geologically young and therefore not as well developed as other reefs. Most reefs in the windward islands of Hawai'i, Maui, O'ahu and Kaua'i are small and occur relatively close to shore. As these reefs grow and develop they are called fringing reefs, which eventually develop into barrier reefs, which occur in Kaneohe Bay on O'ahu and on the south shore of Moloka'i. There is a general westward trend towards greater reef development which coincides with the geologic ages of the islands. Superimposed upon this pattern, however, is the effects of wave exposure: in general more sheltered leeward coasts have reefs with greater coral cover than wave-pounded windward coasts (see Grigg, 1983 Narrow coral reef at Puako on the Big Island, typical of young Hawaiian coral reefs 2. As a consequence of their younger age and the general absence of barrier reefs in the windward islands, Hawaiian reefs are generally less productive than other reefs. With smaller reef areas and the absence of lagoons that trap and retain both coastal and terrestrial runoff, Hawaiian reefs are generally more nutrient poor and therefore lack a high abundance of filter feeding animals such as soft corals, sponges, tunicates, and bivalves. As a result, Hawaiian reefs are more clearly dominated by corals.

16. Coral Reefs Of Hawai'i coral bleaching ecological perspectives. coral reefs 12 117. Grigg, EW 1972. Some ecological effects A study of the ecology of Hawaiian reef corals. http://www.coralreefnetwork.com/reefs/ecology/ecology.htm

The Hawaiian Reef Ecosystem Brian N. Tissot Marine Education Center University of Hawai’i at Hilo "Hanau ka 'Uku-ko'ako'a, Hanau kana, he Ako'ako'a, puka" [Born the coral polyp , Born of him a coral colony emerged] Kumulipo, The Hawaiian Hymn of Creation, compiled by Rubellite Kawena Johnson, 1981 Introduction Coral reefs are unique among marine communities. In addition to being spectacular displays of nature's creativity, coral reefs are reservoirs of biological diversity and are truly the "tropical rain forests of the sea." Coral reefs are also one of the most productive and diverse assemblages on Earth and are important economic resources for many tropical regions of the world, especially islands. For example, in 1991 in Hawai’i, reefs supported over $200 million in revenues from commercial, recreational and subsistence fisheries and $50 million in marine-related tourism. (Hunter, 1995). In addition, reefs buffer shorelines from waves, hurricanes and tsunamis, and generate sediments which create beaches. However, throughout the world, reefs are being threatened with a variety of human impacts and therefore are at risk of destruction (Richmond, 1993). In order to successfully protect our reefs we must first understand their history and ecology: how they develop and what factors influence their growth and development. Accordingly, this chapter will first survey the geologic history of reefs then move on to their ecology. I will conclude by examining human impacts on reef ecosystems and steps that are being taken to more effectively manage and conserve our reefs.

17. Coral Reef Ecology EPA coral Reef Monitoring Project in the Florida Key. Problems of Scale in coral Reef NASA/CMC Remote Sensing of coral reefs Using Landsat TM Imagery http://www.cofc.edu/~coral/corallab.htm

The DustanLab is dedicated to furthering science and technology in several disciplines of Marine and Estuarine Ecology. The work done here serves, not only the University of Charleston, but local, national, and international science and conservation communities. Science EPA Coral Reef Monitoring Project in the Florida Key Problems of Scale in Coral Reef Monitoring Coral Optics and Remote Sensing Remote Sensing of Coral Reefs from Space NASA/CMC Remote Sensing of Coral Reefs Using Landsat TM Imagery Charleston Harbor Project Technology PointCount'99 PointCount for Coral Reefs (Image-Pro Plus TM version) VitaReef The Cousteau Society Ecotechnie Cousteau Society Dolphin Log Dolphin Log Comic (alternate) Senate Testimony (June 30, 1999) The Team Dr. Phillip Dustan , Professor of Biology/Principle Investigator Dr. Vladimir Kosmynin , Research Associate Mr. Michael Brill , Research Associate/Lab Manager Ms. Jamie O'Brien , Lab Assistant Mr. James Leard, Computer Programmer Links This site was last updated on 07/28/00 by Michael Brill.

18. Problems Of Scale In Coral Reef Ecology Problems of Scale in coral Reef ecology This false color CZCS image shows that coral reefs may influence the productivity of neighboring waters. http://www.cofc.edu/~coral/Scale/scaling.htm

Problems of Scale in Coral Reef Ecology Ecological phenomena occur on a variety of scales ranging from angstroms to kilometers. Below, we offer case studies illustrating that imagery generated at almost any scale can be analyzed using image processing tools combined with GIS techniques. 1. An individual coral colony. Digital processing of underwater video. Underwater video provides a closer look at an individual coral colony. Multispectral classification allows for a GIS interpretation of the coral's condition. This Agaricia lamarcki is suffering from a tissue loss disease termed "white plague." The coral tissue dies, leaving a bare white skeleton which is quickly colonized by an algal turf community. The non-invasive, non-destructive aspects of underwater video imaging enable us to closely follow the fate of individual coral colonies, or collect data on the abundance and distribution of coral communities. GIS Analysis of Coral Tissue Coverage: Category...............Percent Cover Coral Tissue.................37.89

19. Guide To The Ecology Of Coral Reefs These pages provide an introduction to the ecology of the coral reef ecosystem. http://www.soc.soton.ac.uk/GDD/hydro/atmu/ecology/

Welcome To Alexander Mustard's Guide to the Ecology of Coral Reefs click on image to enter

20. Coral Reefs Of Singapore (c) Reef ecology Study Team, NUS, Home The coral reefs in Singapore are found skirting many of the islands south of mainland Singapore. http://coralreef.nus.edu.sg/

Coral reefs of Singapore Singapore Coral Reefs home Publications on local reefs Reef survey data Marine Biology Lab Other links (c) Reef Ecology Study Team, NUS Home Marine Biology Laboratory, National University of Singapore Collection of images of our local flora and fauna Local Reefs Publications Includes article downloads Reef Survey Data From the Southern Island Reefs Reef Conservation in Singapore Links Contact us! What are coral reefs? ... Hyperlinked map Islands Sentosa Pulau Brani Pulau Tekukor Lazarus Island ... Raffles Lighthouse Patch reefs Cyrene reef The coral reefs in Singapore are found skirting many of the islands south of mainland Singapore. These comprise fringing and patch reefs. See coral cover by island Coral Reefs In Singapore There were once over 60 offshore islands and patch reefs around Singapore, most of which were situated south of mainland Singapore. However, since the mid 1970s, major land reclamation was carried out on the mainland as well as the offshore southern islands. Most of the southern islands were reclaimed, adding 1695 ha to Singapore's total land area. Some islands were merged as a result. The reef flats of many islands e.g. Pulau Sudong, Pulau Hantu and Kusu Island were reclaimed right up to the reef slope. Many of the coral reef organisms were smothered by the reclamation, while others were severely affected by the resulting increase in water turbidity. Since 1986, most coral reefs in Singapore have lost up to 65% of their live coral cover

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