81. Stars, Galaxies And Beyond 886.633 Understanding and Teaching stars galaxies and Beyond Lab due Portrait of aConstellation II stars (PDF file) assigned week 11; Lab due Discover Your http://fuse.pha.jhu.edu/~hart/AstroClass/

Understanding and Teaching Stars Galaxies and Beyond JHU SPSBE Graduate Division of Education fall, 2004 this page will be updated as class progresses Last update to this page: 10 Nov 2004, 6:00 pm EST Class meets: Wednesdays, 6:45-8:45 pm; first class: 1 September ; final class: 15 December room 462 of the Bloomberg Physics building on the Homewood campus in Baltimore City. instructor: Helen Hart syllabus (pdf format) Weather: the Clear Dark Sky Clock Clear Sky Clock for JHU Weekly assignments For 15 Dec, week 15: for teaching discussion, read essay "Why Astronomy?", Universe pages 18-19 extrasolar planets: read Universe Ch 7 sections 7-9, and essay "Alien Planets" page 177 Quiz III: chapters 1, 25, 26 For 8 Dec, week 14: study Universe Ch 28 homework problems: none last week to hand in written work Essay 5: last chance to hand in. Lab due: Portrait of a Constellation III: Exotics PDF file ) assigned week 13 For 1 Dec, week 13: study Universe Ch 26 homework problems: none Essay 4: last chance to hand in. Lab due: Portrait of a Constellation II: Stars PDF file ) assigned week 11 Lab due: Discover Your Local Astronomy Club PDF file ); assigned week 8

82. Astrobasics Wellknown constellations visible on a summer evening are Orion the hunter and We now understand a great deal about stars and planets, space and time, http://www.hartrao.ac.za/other/astrobasics/astrobasics.html

Stars and Planets, Space and Time When we look into the sky we see the Sun, the Moon, many stars and a few planets. Where did they come from, and what are they? The explosion of a very hot and dense object, in what is called the " Big Bang ", produced the Universe that we see around us some 13 billion (13 000 000 000) years later. After the Big Bang, space itself expanded very rapidly at first, and later more slowly. This expansion let the object cool down. After 300 000 years it had cooled down enough, to a few thousand degrees, that atoms could form. Light from the hot soup of matter could pass between the atoms, and we can still see it today with radio telescopes, as a faint glow from across the sky, which we call the " cosmic microwave background Two sorts of atoms formed in that hot soup - the simplest, hydrogen (90% of the atoms) and the second simplest, helium (10% of the atoms). In clumps of gas stars formed over millions of years. Where lots of gas and stars were clumped together, their own gravity stopped them from flying apart and they formed huge groups of stars, called galaxies. Inside these stars, hydrogen atoms fused to make more helium, some carbon, nitrogen, oxygen atoms and other more massive atoms. This process of "

83. The Astro 11 Evening Lab Manual (Penn State Astronomy) Students should be able to see the stars and constellations, observe other galaxiesand star forming regions, see the nature of light and spectroscopy, http://www.astro.psu.edu/headta/newmanual.html

84. Encyclopedia Of Astronomy And Astrophysics » Browse By Subject A southern constellation which lies between Eridanus and Reticulum, Blue Variablestars (LBVs) are among the most luminous hot stars in galaxies. http://eaa.iop.org/index.cfm?action=browse.home&type=cl&dir=Stars&start=141

85. Encyclopedia Of Astronomy And Astrophysics » Browse By Subject A northern zodiacal constellation which lies between Auriga and Canis Minor,  Published November 2000; Summary The most luminous stars in galaxies http://eaa.iop.org/index.cfm?action=browse.home&type=cl&dir=Stars&start=121

86. Jh In this constellation there are 42 double stars, 11 galaxies and 41 variablestars!!! In a clear night without Moon in this constellation it can be seen http://www.eso.org/outreach/eduoff/edu-prog/catchastar/CAS2002/cas-projects/bulg

Astronomical Observatory and Planetarium, Varna, Bulgaria Special thanks to the National Astronomical Observatory - Rozhen for their help and to Nadezhda Lyubomirova for translation in English EUROPEAN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMME "CATH A STAR PROJECT: Constellation Ursa Majo r 1. Introduction 2. Historical information 3. Passport of the constellation UMajor: stars, double stars and Messier Objects 4. How did scientists receive the information 5. Our observations of Ursa Major: · Visual Observations · CCD observstions 6. Comparison between UMajor and UMinor 7. Exercise: Orientation using Ursa Major 8. Conclusion Secrets of Ursa Major 1. Introduction : The object whose sky secrets we will show is the oldest and the most famous constellation on the night sky- Ursa Major. The popularity of this never going down constellation is caused by its character figure, its nearness to the Northern pole and the numerous interesting astronomical objects in it. This constellation is a star guide - if we start from this object looking at different directions, we can find many constellations on the night sky. 2. Historical information

87. Pr-07-99.html First KUEYEN photos of stars and galaxies the central region of spiral galaxyESO 26957 , located in the southern constellation Centaurus at a distance http://www.eso.org/outreach/press-rel/pr-1999/pr-07-99.html

ESO OUTREACH HOME INDEX HELP ... VLT INFORMATION Information from the European Southern Observatory ESO Press Release 07/99 7 April 1999 For immediate release Two VLT 8.2-m Unit Telescopes in Action Visitors at ANTU - Astronomical Images from KUEYEN The VLT Control Room at the Paranal Observatory is becoming a busy place indeed. From here, two specialist teams of ESO astronomers and engineers now operate two VLT 8.2-m Unit Telescopes in parallel, ANTU and KUEYEN (formerly UT1 and UT2, for more information about the naming and the pronunciation, see ESO Press Release 06/99 ). Regular science observations have just started with the first of these giant telescopes, while impressive astronomical images are being obtained with the second. The work is hard, but the mood in the control room is good. Insiders claim that there have even been occasions on which the groups have had a friendly "competition" about which telescope makes the "best" images! The ANTU-team has worked with the FORS multi-mode instrument , their colleagues at KUEYEN use the VLT Test Camera for the ongoing tests of this new telescope. While the first is a highly developed astronomical instrument with a large-field CCD imager (6.8 x 6.8 arcmin in the normal mode; 3.4 x 3.4 arcmin

88. Planetarium At De Anza constellations. Brief tour of planets, a nebula, our galaxy Identifyconstellations, planets and a few unusual stars visible for the current season. http://www.planetarium.deanza.edu/details.html

FIELD TRIP SHOW DESCRIPTIONS PRESCHOOL THROUGH 1ST GRADE MAGIC SKY Preschool to Kindergarten) Very interactive show. Allows young children to get used to the dark. Constellations and the moon talk to the kids. Show Format: Interactive with taped audio, slides and special effects. Built into show: Use imagination to make patterns in clouds. The sun is a star. Sun goes down, Stars come out. Constellation patterns. Craters on moon Standard additions to show: Effects of Light Pollution. Cause of diurnal motion. Meteors cause of craters on moon. Brief description of formation of the solar system. Constellations of the current season SUN EARTH MOON (Kindergarten to 3rd grade) Story- a girl stays up all night watching the stars with her grand father. Show Format: Slides and special effects Built into show: The sun is a star. Stars are much more distant. Some stars are larger some smaller. Very simple description of fusion reaction in sun. Sun Spots. The Earth is round and turns. Reasons for seasons. Diurnal motion. Constellations. Polaris doesn't move. Trip to North Pole. Description of Aurora Borealis. Some constellation stories. Moon orbits Earth. Lunar phases. Brief description of Tides Standard additions: Elaborated description of seasonal changes. Constellations of the current season. Planets in the sky

89. Firefly Books - The Great Atlas Of The Stars How to recognize the constellations? How far away is that star? The MilkyWay alone our galaxy contains more than a thousand billion stars, http://www.fireflybooks.com/books/6106F.html

Search Catalog Astronomy Calendars Children's Books Cookbooks Gardening General Non-Fiction Health How to Natural History, Animals and Pets Pictorial and Photography Reference and Encyclopedias Sports Sybex Computer Books Home Page The Great Atlas of the Stars Compiled and written by Serge Brunier photography by Akira Fujii EXCERPT Reading the Night Sky The beautiful clear night has once again enticed you outdoors to stargaze. But tonight is different. Far from the city lights, the sky has a slightly unsettling presence. Millions of nameless stars hang above the landscape like puppets in a shadow theater. Here, toward the west, a bright star draws your attention. And there, in the south, a few twinkling stars outline a huge geometric shape against the dark, velvety sky. But how can you find your way around in this multitude of stars? How to recognize the constellations? How far away is that star? Why does this one have an orangy tinge and that one look bluish? In your exploration of the fascinating beauty of the sky you feel somewhat overwhelmed because you can't get your bearings. It seems impossible to name the heavenly bodies and, especially, to describe them. Twenty years of sitting face to face with the sky in all the corners of our blue planet have led to the creation of The Great Atlas of the Stars to help answer your questions. Since celestial cartography, a science as ancient as humanity, makes reading the sky a complex task, we have removed from

90. Www.herts.ac.uk/astro_ub/aC_ub.html The constellation is easy to find since the three stars in Orion s belt point Any object, such as a star, a galaxy, a planet, or a nebula that appears http://www.herts.ac.uk/astro_ub/aC_ub.html

Astronomy KEYWORD DEFINITIONS. - C - Canis Major . The constellation known as the Great Dog. A winter constellation, it is said to represent one of Orion 's hunting dogs. Canis Major is distinguished by Sirius, the brightest star in the sky. The constellation is easy to find since the three stars in Orion's belt point to it. Canis Major is close to Canis Minor, the other of Orion's hunting dogs. Canopus . The brightest star in the southern hemisphere constellation Carina. Next to Sirius it is the brightest star in the sky. Canopus is a red supergiant star and has a spectral classification of F. Capella . The brightest star in the constellation of Auriga. Detailed observations show that it is a spectroscopic binary . The main component is a G type giant and the companion is an F type dwarf. Carbon . The sixth element in the periodic table . It is identified by the fact that it has six protons in its nucleus. 1/12 of the mass of atom of the isotope carbon-12 is the atomic mass unit = 1.66 x 10

91. Constellations - Teaching Tips Students should click on each star or galaxy in the constellation, one after theother. Then, they should click Add to Notes. http://cas.sdss.org/dr4/en/proj/teachers/kids/constellation/tips.asp

Home Tools Schema Browser Projects ... To Student Project Constellations Teaching Tips This section contains specific tips for teaching the project - facts you can tell your students as they work, and advice for solving common problems students may encounter. Introduction Start by checking student knowledge on constellations. Most will have heard of a few famous constellations, like Orion or the Big Dipper. Strictly speaking, the Big Dipper is not a constellation - it's an asterism , a pattern of stars that is part of a constellation. The Big Dipper is part of Ursa Major, the big bear. The handle of the dipper is the bear's tail. In England, the Big Dipper is sometimes called the plough (plow). The constellation shown on the front page of the project is Scorpius the scorpion. You can refer to it again when you tell the story of Orion - Scorpius chases Orion across the sky as the Earth rotates. In Hawaii, Scorpius's long tail is known as "Maui's Fishhook." The demigod Maui pulled the Hawaiian Islands up from the sea with this hook. The brightest star in Scorpius is Antares, one of the reddest stars in the sky. In Greek mythology, it was the rival of Mars (Greek "Ares"), since it was just as red as Mars. A Simple Made-Up Constellation Compare Shapes Be sure students understand that the Dove/Horse Constellation doesn't represent any real star pattern. It's just a simple picture to help them understand what constellations are. The idea of two-pictures-in-one is a common device used in perceptual psychology. You have probably seen other examples, such as the

92. PSIgate - Physical Sciences Information Gateway Search/Browse Results system or astrerism of 4 stars Constellation Aquarius Seds pageSmall APOD November 3, 1999 M32 Blue stars in an Elliptical Galaxy......M73 http://www.psigate.ac.uk/roads/cgi-bin/search_webcatalogue2.pl?limit=3150&term1=

93. Constellation Andromeda The member stars (about 100) show magnitudes between 9 and 10. This constellationis best known for the Andromeda Galaxy, M31, one of the most famous http://www.seds.org/Maps/Stars_en/Fig/andromeda.html

Andromeda Abbreviation: And English name: Andromeda Coordinates see Stellar data Particulars: Binary gamma And 56 And Planetary nebula NGC 7662 Open star cluster NGC 752 Spiralgalaxy M 31 Galaxies M 32 M 110 Meteor Shower: Andromedids General: This large constellation of the northern hemisphere belongs to the constellation family of Perseus. The name of the alpha star of Andromeda Sirrah (or Alpheratz ) has been taken form the Arabic meaning "horse's navel". The reason for this is because in former times this star has been associated with the constellation of Pegasus , next to Andromeda. Nowadays it marks the head of the royal daughter. Sirrah is a blue-white star (spectraltype B8IVpMnHg) with mag 2.06 . Stars and other objects The binary gamma And gives splendid view even in smaller telescopes for the two components can easily be separated. The brighter component has mag 2.2 whereas the fainter shows a brightness of mag 5.0 . As they are of different color they certainly make a showpiece of a double in the sky. The 56 And is a fainter pair, both being of 6th magnitude.

94. Andromedia Galaxy Constellation If fainter stars, visible to the naked eye, in the constellation are considered, Studying Individual stars In Andromeda Galaxy Bulge http://www.crystalinks.com/andromeda.html

Andromeda Galaxy The Andromeda Galaxy (also known as Messier Object 31, M31, or NGC 224; older texts often call it the Andromeda Nebula) is a giant spiral galaxy in the Local Group, together with the Milky Way galaxy. It is at a distance of approximately 2.9 million light years or 900 kpc, in the direction of the constellation Andromeda.With a mass of about 1.5 times more than the Milky Way, it is the dominant galaxy of the Local Group, which consists of about 30 small galaxies plus three large spirals: Andromeda, Milky Way and M33. (With improving measurements and data, some scientists now believe that the Milky Way contains more 'dark matter' and may be more massive than M31.) General information Projections indicate that the Andromeda Galaxy is on a collision course with the Milky Way, approaching at a speed of about 140 kilometres per second. Impact is predicted in about 3 billion years; the two galaxies will probably merge to form a giant elliptical. This galaxy plays an important role in galactic studies, since it is the nearest giant spiral. In 1943, Walter Baade was the first person to resolve stars in the central region of the Andromeda Galaxy. Edwin Hubble identified extragalactic cepheid variable stars for the first time on astronomical photos of this galaxy, enabling its distance to be determined. Robin Barnard of the Open University has detected 10 X-ray sources in the Andromeda Galaxy, published April 5th 2004, using observations from the European Space Agency XMM-Newton orbiting observatory. He hypothesizes that these are candidate black holes or neutron stars, which are heating incoming gas to millions of kelvins and emitting X-rays. The spectrum of the neutron stars is the same as the hypothesized black holes, but can be distinguished by their masses.

95. Constellation Triangulum Although it is a small constellation with only faint stars, The PinwheelGalaxy in Triangulum, M33, is the principal deepsky object in the http://www.eastbayastro.org/articles/lore/triangle.htm

Triangulum is a tiny group of stars surrounded by the constellations Perseus to the north, Andromeda to the north and west, and by the Zodiac constellations Aries and Pisces to the south. Although it is a small constellation with only faint stars, Triangulum was known to the ancient star-gazers and was originally called Deltoton, in reference to the shape of the Greek letter Delta. Egyptian astronomers also thought of these stars as a delta, but in the sense of the delta of the river Nile; and so to them it was named Nili Domus, home of the Nile. Chinese astronomers include this star pattern together with some stars of Aries and Andromeda to form their asterism Heaven's Great General, Tsien Ta Tseang. Of the stars of Triangulum, only one has a name. That is Caput Trianguli, head of the triangle. Return to Constellation Chronicles index Return to EAS Home Page

96. JBO - Andromeda Constellation These are the other two galaxies that with our own galaxy, the Milky Way, From M31, retrace your step to the star Mirach and continue on in the same http://www.jb.man.ac.uk/public/AList/Andromeda.html

The A-List Objects in the Constellations Andromeda and Triangulum M31 - The Andromeda Nebula M33 - Galaxy in Triangulum Andromeda and Triangulum Click on all images to enlarge These two constellations, adjacent in the sky, contain two A-List objects: the galaxies M31 and M33. These are the other two galaxies that with our own galaxy, the Milky Way, are the three major galaxies in our Local Group of galaxies. The distribution of galaxies in the Local Group is a little like a dumbell with the Milky Way galaxy at the centre of one weight with M31 and M33 at the heart of the other weight some 2.5 to 3.0 million Light years distance from us. This is why they appear relatively close in the sky. These galaxies are best seen during the months before Christmas, high overhead for northern observers, but low in the north for southern. M31 The Andromeda Galaxy Spiral Galaxy E B L Andromeda Galaxy - M31 M33 - The Triangulum Galaxy B L M33 Triangulum: David Malin - Anglo Australian Telescope Advice on viewing the night sky Advice on buying and using binoculars.

97. Chandra :: Photo Album :: 2001 Chandra Images A cluster of galaxies 4 billion light years distant in the constellation A neutron star located about 19000 light years away in the constellation http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/chronological01.html

Chandra Images by Date 2001 Chandra Images 19 Dec 01 NGC 4636 Chandra's image of the elliptical NGC 4636 shows spectacular symmetric arms, or arcs, of hot gas. 29 Nov 01 Venus This Chandra image, the first X-ray image ever made of Venus, shows a half crescent due to the relative orientation of the Sun, Earth and Venus. 21 Nov 01 44i Bootis This artist's conception depicts how the two closely orbiting stars of 44i Bootis might appear. 22 Oct 01 A young, oxygen-rich supernova remnant with a pulsar at its center surrounded by outflowing material. 18 Oct 01 A type of celestial object that has long stumped astronomers has been found to emit X-rays, thus proving a theory of how the objects form. 12 Oct 01 M31 (Revised) Chandra and Hubble Space Telescope images of two recently detected emitting globular star clusters. 26 Sep 01 M87 (Jet) A giant elliptical galaxy 50 million light years away in the constellation Virgo. 06 Sep 01 Chandra's image of a X-ray source in the globular star cluster M15 shows that it is not one neutron star binary system, but two neutron star binary systems. 06 Sep 01 KS 1731-260 Chandra' s observation in March of 2001 of the neutron star KS 1731-260 showed that it is a remarkably 'cool' 3 million degrees Celsius.

98. Brightness Level Extremely Approximate For Most Nebulae In The CGCG Many galaxies will have listed, under their alternate designations , In general, the Alpha star in a constellation will be brighter than the Beta, http://www.projectpluto.com/gloss/help_4.htm

Brightness level extremely approximate For most nebula e in the Nebula Databank , the brightness level could be gathered from the Lynd's Bright Nebula catalog, IC NGC Sharpless , or van den Bergh catalog data, or from comparison to nearby nebulae. But in some cases in the Southern sky, no brightness level data was available at all; in such cases, an extremely approximate value was assigned based on membership in other catalogs (that is, a nebula appearing in many catalogs was assumed to be brighter than a nebula appearing in only one catalog.) BT magnitude VT magnitude The BT magnitude and VT magnitude values are blue and visual magnitude s as measured by Tycho . They correspond pretty closely to "standard" Johnson visual magnitude s and B magnitude s. The BT system has a peak at 435 nanometer s; the VT, at 505 nanometers. BY Draconis BY Draconis -type variable s are dwarf stars of spectral type K or M, with quasiperiodic light changes ranging from a few hundredths to .5 magnitude . The period will run from a few hours up to 120 days. These objects vary because some parts of their surface are brighter than others (like sunspots, but on a larger scale). As they rotate, we see more or fewer spots and therefore more or less light. Some of these stars also show flare s, similar to

99. Peoria Astronomical Society - Learning Topics-Andromeda (The Princess) peoria, astronomy, astro, planet, planets, stars, constellation, M110 is thesecond brighter satellite galaxy of the Andromeda galaxy M31, together with http://www.astronomical.org/portal/modules/wfsection/article.php?articleid=1

100. Winter Constellations Applet This is known as the Andromeda Galaxy, the only galaxy visible with the naked eye . Regulus is a B7V star and is the 25th brightest star in the sky. http://www.ioncmaste.ca/homepage/resources/web_resources/CSA_Astro9/files/multim

0) for (k=0;k CSA Homepage Educators KidSpace Image Gallery ... CSA Search The Winter Constellations Module 1: Introduction to the Day and Night Sky Open in a new window Using the Applet: This applet has been designed to guide students through the constellations in the winter sky. A script is provided to help students to visualize the constellations and to introduce the students to the stories and myths surrounding the constellations. By using the applet in conjunction with the script, a teacher could lead students through a journey of the winter sky, clicking the buttons to show the constellations as they progress. Winter Sky Tour Constellations: Ursa Major (Big Dipper) Ursa Minor (Little Dipper) Draco (the Dragon) Cepheus (the King) Cassiopeia (the Queen) Leo (the Lion) Perseus (the Hero) Triangulum (the Triangle) Aries (the Ram) Pegasus (the Winged Horse) Andromeda (the Princess) Cetus (the Sea Monster) Orion (the Hunter) Canis Major (the Big Dog) Canis Minor (the Little Dog) Gemini (the Twins) Taurus (the Bull) Auriga (the Charioteer)

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