61. Confucianism Boston confucianism the third wave of global confucianism. Can confucianism survive in an age of universalism and globalization? (Pacific Affairs) http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/society/A0813209.html

var AdLoaded = false; var bsid = '18703'; var bsads = '5'; var bsloc = 'ros_lb '; var bswx = 728; var bshx = 90; var bsw = '_new'; var bsb = 'FFFFFF'; var bsf = 'FF0000'; var bsalt = 'off'; bspop = 1; in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Daily Almanac for Sep 20, 2005 Skip Navigation Home Almanacs ... Word of the Day Editor's Favorites Hispanic Heritage Month Hurricane Katrina Daylight Saving Time Ramadan ... Mississippi Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map College Center Scholarship Search College Resources Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips google_ad_client = 'pub-1894504138907931'; google_ad_width = 120; google_ad_height = 240; google_ad_format = '120x240_as'; google_ad_type = 'text'; google_ad_channel =''; google_color_border = ['336699','B4D0DC','DFF2FD','B0E0E6']; google_color_bg = ['FFFFFF','ECF8FF','DFF2FD','FFFFFF']; google_color_link = ['0000FF','0000CC','0000CC','000000']; google_color_url = ['008000','008000','008000','336699']; google_color_text = ['000000','6F6F6F','000000','333333']; Encyclopedia Confucianism [k u nfy OO u niz u m] Pronunciation Key Confucianism , moral and religious system of China. Its origins go back to the

62. Lesson: Women And Confucianism (Women In World History Curriculum) Activity to raise awareness of farreaching effect of Confucian beliefs on women s participation and status in Asian societies. http://www.womeninworldhistory.com/lesson3.html

Classroom Lesson Series Women and Confucianism womeninworldhistory.com For 2,500 years Confucian teachings have influenced the thought and behavior of peoples in China, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. A major emphasis of Asian women scholars has been the examination of Confucian ideology on their history and current status. Scholar Xiao Ma has said: "Women always have been fighting for a way out of the Confucian shadows." Although the early Chinese had no real commitment to subordination of women, over time Confucian teachings were expanded upon. It was during the Han dynasty (206 B.C.E. - 220 C.E.) that Confucianism was adopted as the government's state doctrine, with his thoughts becoming part of official education. In later dynasties, Neoconfucian interpretations further reinforced male authority and patrilineal customs. According to the Confucian structure of society, women at every level were to occupy a position lower than men. Most Confucians accepted the subservience of women to men as natural and proper. At the same time they accorded women's honor and power as mother and mother-in-law within their family. Through the years a whole body of literature was written, educating women on self-discipline, etiquette, relationships with in-laws, household management, humility, and chastity. Biographies written about admirable women emphasized their unselfish loyal and self-sacrificing willingness to do anything to help their husband and his family. Although ideology is one thing and the reality of the lives of women often another, the long shadow of basic beliefs about the nature and role of women had far-reaching effects. This activity offers traditional sayings based on interpretations of Confucian beliefs to help raise awareness of the implications of such sayings on women's historic participation and status in their societies.

63. New Confucian Obstacles Short article by Joseph Wang from China Community Forum. Notes three key philosophical obstacles to the modern revival of confucianism. http://weekly.china-forum.org/CCF96/ccf9625/ccf9625-1.html

New Confucian Obstacles Joseph Wang CCF 9625 (Wednesday, May 29, 1996) I was reading Theodore de Bary's comments on the New Confucian revival in East Asia, and he mentioned two philosophical obstacles to this, so which I would add a third. The two obstacles are 1) defining Confucianism's relation to science and 2) defining a New Confucian political philosophy, especially its relationship to democracy. For the first, de Bary defines that the problem is that if Confucianism places philosophical speculation over scientific inquiry, then why should Confucians go into science rather than philosophy? The way out of this problem I think is to define scientific methods as the means for inquiry in the world. For example, social science methods can be used to try to answer the question of how relationships should be ordered. This solution continues in the spirit of Dai Zhen, and I think is a natural outgrowth of the anti-metaphysical trend of mid-Qing Confucians. The second problem, that of developing a modern Confucian political philosophy, is I think much less difficult than it first appears. There are many who would argue that the there is tension and a bad fit between Confucian values and modern democracy, but it should be pointed out that there is tension and a bad fit between Confucian values and Monarchism. To me, the development of a Confucian political philosophy rests on the concept of legitimacy. In classical times the source of legitimacy were cosmological and dynastic, and the emperor served as a link between the sources of power and the bureaucracy. Confucianism provided norms for the bureaucracy which allowed the system to run. In modern times, the sources of legitimacy are popular and in some cases revolutionary, and the political leadership provides a link between the sources of raw power and the implements by which the power is expressed (the civil service).

64. Confucian Tradition Web Sites http//www.thespiritualsanctuary.org/confucianism/confucianism.html A simple introduction with links to other sites. Part of The Spiritual Sanctuary http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/gthursby/rel/kongfuzi.htm

Confucian Traditions The Teacher Confucius - K'ung-fu-tzu or Kongfuzi http://www.friesian.com/confuci.htm [A useful introductory interpretation by Kelley L. Ross who maintains a fine web site on the history of philosophy. For a simpler introduction, see the Confucius page at Richard Hooker's World Civilizations site.] Confucianism http://www.thespiritualsanctuary.org/Confucianism/Confucianism.html [A simple introduction with links to other sites. Part of "The Spiritual Sanctuary" pages.] Confucius, Mencius, and Xun-zi http://www.san.beck.org/EC14-Confucian.html [An essay on comparative ethics by Sanderson Beck.] An Imaginary Dialogue between Confucius and John Dewey http://wang.ed.csuohio.edu/learning_center/confucius.dewey.dialogue.html [Two great philosophers of education exchange ideas. The work of Dr. Lih-Ching Chen Wang] Looking for Confucius http://www.geocities.com/hrt236/kongzi.html

65. Buddhism And Confucianism Comparative and General; Resources for the Study of East Asian Language and Thought (Japan) http//www.human.toyogakuenu.ac.jp/~acmuller/index.html http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/gthursby/taoism/chinarel.htm

Taoism Information Page Buddhist and Confucian Traditions Comparative and General Resources for East Asian Language and Thought (Japan) http://www.human.toyogakuen-u.ac.jp/~acmuller/index.html [These are resources for the most part supplied (and a few linked) by Dr. A. Charles Muller of Toyo Gakuen University in Japan. There are several kinds of useful materials here, but chief among them for their relevance to philosophical Taoism are Dr. Muller's own translations of five Chinese classics: the Analects of Confucius, the Great Learning, the Doctrine of the Mean, the Mencius, and the Tao Te Ching.] Buddhist 10 Bulls http://www.cs.sfu.ca/people/ResearchStaff/jamie/personal/10_Bulls/Title_Page.html Buddhist Studies WWW Virtual Library (Australia) http://www.ciolek.com/WWWVL-Buddhism.html [An authoritative internet guide to Buddhism and Buddhist Studies sites that is maintained at the Australian National University by Dr. T. Matthew Ciolek and others. A major resource.]

66. Tokugawa Neo-Confucianism Article covering the introduction and development of NeoConfucian teachings in Tokugawa Japan. http://www.wsu.edu:8000/~dee/TOKJAPAN/NEO.HTM

Japan Glossary Bakufu Daimyo system of government, the bakufu , or military, government of the Tokugawa shogunate reserved the right to inspect the 250 or so autonomous territories, or han under the control of various daimyo . In order to oversee all these territories, about three-fourths of Japan, and autonomous daimyo , the Tokugawa shogunate established an elaborate bureaucracy modelled after the Chinese imperial bureaucracy. Although Confucianism had been rooted in Japan since the sixth century A.D., it had largely been confined to Buddhist monasteries; however, Tokugawa Ieyasu turned to Confucianism, particularly Neo-Confucianism, as he began to build the bureaucracy which would eventually bring about over 260 years of domestic peace. Fujiwara Seika met Fujiwara Seika (1561-1619) long before he rose to the shogunate and still served under Toyotomi Hideyoshi . Seika was a devoted student of China and Chinese poetry, and became convinced that the most important advance in China was the establishment of Neo-Confucianism as the official orthodoxy. Its great virtue was its secularity; it focussed on the rational understanding of the human and material worlds.

67. Confucianism Because of this, confucianism according to Confucius is open to interpretation. The Five Classics of confucianism were works from the Zhou Dynasty which http://www.geocities.com/tokyo/springs/6339/Confucianism.html

Confucianism "It is the man that can make the Way great, not the Way that can make the man great." Founded by: Analects Confucius "Confucius" is the Latin name for Kong Qiu-zi ("-zi" being a suffix meaning "master"), born in the Chinese state of Lu in 551 BC. He was born into a family which was on the poor end of the gentry class. Confucius spent his life trying to gain office at the court of a ruler who would be willing to rule according to the tenets of Confucianism. Ironically, Confucius died a failurehe never got anyone besides a handful of disciples to follow himbut after his death (in 479 BC) Confucianism became the most important influence on Chinese culture. Summary of Philosophy ru jia Rites, righteousness, relationships and benevolence towards others. Also very important is keeping order in relationships and in the state. ru: the Confucian school jia: family, the term is used to mean "school" Major Texts: Lunyu (translated, The Analects to the Chinese Philosophy Home Page Analects is a collection of sayings of Confucius, recorded by his disciples. As a result, the Analects is not a comprehesive manifesto of Confucianism. Rather, it is a collection of quotations and anecdotes. Because of this, Confucianism according to Confucius is open to interpretation. Adding to the confusion is the fact that many scholars consider certain parts of the

68. Confucianism confucianism is not an exclusionary doctrine, it works well with other moral In Vietnam, confucianism was used primarily for the running of the state, http://mcel.pacificu.edu/as/students/vb/Confuci.HTM

Confucianism Put simply, Confucianism is the quest for order. Most of the ideology dictates that the primary focus of Confucian doctrine is to balance the relationships of individual family, and society with the Five Agents of the Universe. More a method of management than an actual religion, it became a mode by which rulers and civic leaders could run the bureaucracy of the state. For the most part, Vietnam was considered a Confucian state until the mid nineteenth century. The Confucian state is often stratified into classes, and only the most scholarly elite need conform to Confucian ideals. Leaders were decided by examination over sacred texts. As a result, the peasant or farmer had little to say over the workings of their government. Confucianism is not an exclusionary doctrine, it works well with other moral codes and can synthesize easily. In Vietnam, Confucianism was used primarily for the running of the state, and Taoism and Buddhism for the morality of its citizens. Most of the issues that the Confucian scholars concerned themselves with, during their tenure in power was the proper regulation of the state from the top down and the division of communal property among the citizenry. The Confucian system of philosophy lost prominence in more recent history, but is still common among government bureaucrats and leaders. Back to Home Page

69. Confucianism Books And Articles - Research Confucianism At Questia confucianism Scholarly books and articles on confucianism at Questia, world s largest online library and research service. Subscribe now and do better http://www.questia.com/library/religion/asian-religions/confucianism.jsp

70. Neo-Confucianism Books And Articles - Research Neo-Confucianism At Neoconfucianism - Scholarly books and articles on Neo-confucianism at Questia, world s largest online library and research service. http://www.questia.com/library/religion/asian-religions/neo-confucianism.jsp

71. Books About Confucianism Check out the most popular books about confucianism that are available for purchase online. http://www.omsakthi.org/books/books_confucianism.html

Om Sakthi! Books about Confucianism Om Sakthi Home World Religions Books General Religion Buddhism Christianity Confucianism ... Major World Religions : Confucianism Books Our visitor's most requested books about Confucianism The World's Religions: Our Great Wisdom Traditions Houston Smith Excellent book discussing the origins and philosophies of the major world religions with one chapter devoted to Confucianism. Confucius: The Analects Confucius and D.C. Lau (Translator) Wonderful translation of the classic of Chinese wisdom detailing the words and deeds of Confucius. Last updated on Sun Apr 24 2005 at 10:19:05pm

72. China, Confucianism And Philosophies Formed the basis for the social order and provided the working rules and ethical precepts for Chinese to follow, even in today s China. http://www.index-china.com/index-english/Confucius and Confucianism.html

Home Agriculture Art Business ... Travel People Confucianism Confucianism formed the basis for the social order in China since 200 BC. It provided the working rules and ethical precepts for Chinese to follow. Even today majority of Chinese still behave according to these rules. Confucianism views individual as a social creature obligated to each other through relationships. These may include the relations between sovereign and subject, parent and child, elder and younger, husband and wife, or even friend and friend. Confucianism defined the rules in the engagement, action, and responsibilities in all these human relationships and interactions. Proper conduct proceeds not through compulsion, but through a sense of virtue and self-consciousness achieved by learning, observing and practicing. Confucianism has a lot of similarities with socialism today. Both promote collective interests and community welfare. Both emphasize the educational or remolding process in serving the common good of the society. These concepts may be quite different from the West that every individual is a completely independent entity. Individual freedom is well above the social order and welfare. Confucius is one of the greatest educators. He insisted that in education there should be no class distinctions. He established an education system for training in administrative and diplomatic arts. The system was later adapted as a central government examination system in selecting senior officers. For years, all students and scholars alike worked very hard for the annual examination in the hope that they might become senior officers in the government.

73. Confucianism Beliefs And Confucius: Chinese Beliefs A general information about the ancient Chinese confucianism and Confucius himself. http://www.travelchinaguide.com/intro/religion/confucianism/

Home City Guide Tours Cruises ... Community A general information about the ancient Chinese Confucianism and Confucius himself. Last updated: September 1, 2005 Home China Discovery Confucianism Back Font Size: - Large Small Confucianism Confucianism is the cornerstone of traditional Chinese culture. It is a complete ideological system created by Confucius, based on the traditional culture of the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Confucianism has dominated a feudal society that in essence has lasted 2000 years and for that reason its influence over the history, social structure and the people of China cannot be overlooked. Life of Confucius Confucius has proved to be the greatest influence over the Chinese character. Besides being a great educationist, thinker and unsuccessful politician, he was first of all an intellect with a noble morality. He pursued truth, kindness and perfection throughout his life and his success and failure were largely due to his character, which had an everlasting impact on Chinese intellect. Confucius was born in 551B.C in the State of Lu which is known today as

74. Confucianism http://www.csupomona.edu/~plin/ews430/confu1.html

75. Confucianism 7 confucianism was adopted as China s state religion by the Han Dynasty confucianism and its prescritives gradually becamean integral part of the cultures http://www.csupomona.edu/~plin/ews430/confu7.html

76. Godserver Alternative Health And Spiritual Directory: World Religions: Confucian Godserver Spiritual Directory World Religions confucianism. confucianism, major system of thought in China, developed from the teachings of Confucius http://www.godserver.com/confucianism.shtml

iPadma Spiritual WebSearch "You Are What You Search For" Searching 2,300,151 spiritual and alternative health web pages Home World Religions Search over 80, 000 alternative health and spiritual web sites Any Term All Terms Top Sites Confucianism "Confucianism, major system of thought in China, developed from the teachings of Confucius and his disciples, and concerned with the principles of good conduct, practical wisdom, and proper social relationships. Confucianism has influenced the Chinese attitude toward life, set the patterns of living and standards of social value, and provided the background for Chinese political theories and institutions. It has spread from China to Korea, Japan, and Vietnam and has aroused interest among Western scholars." http://www.connect.net/ron/confucianism.html Confucianism AskAsia, 1996. Confucianism is often characterized as a system of social and ethical philosophy rather than a religion. In fact, Confucianism built on an ancient religious foundation to establish the social values, institutions, and transcendent ideals of traditional Chinese society. It was what sociologist Robert Bellah called a "civil religion,"1 the sense of religious identity and common moral understanding at the foundation of a society's central institutions. It is also what a Chinese sociologist called a "diffused religion";3 its institutions were not a separate church, but those of society, family, school, and state; its priests were not separate liturgical specialists, but parents, teachers, and officials. Confucianism was part of the Chinese social fabric and way of life; to Confucians, everyday life was the arena of religion."

77. Religious Studies Web Guide confucianism. Asia Resources contains links to sites, full text of significant historical documents, links to journals and lists of educational films. http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~lipton/confuc2.html

Confucianism Asia Resources - contains links to sites, full text of significant historical documents, links to journals and lists of educational films. Classical Chinese Philosophy Page Five Confucian and Taoist Classics Confucianism and Taoism Digital Text Resources Internet East Asian History Sourceb ook ... RETURN TO HOME PAGE Maintained by Saundra Lipton ( lipton@acs.ucalgary.ca

78. Confucianism confucianism is an inner attitude, a method, copied from great nature, Bad and good are the individuals and confucianism starts with the individual. http://www.wisdomworld.org/additional/ancientlandmarks/Confucianism.html

THEOSOPHY, Vol. 14, No. 9, July, 1926 (Pages 395-399; Size: 16K) (Number 9 of a 59-part series) ANCIENT LANDMARKS IX C ONFUCIANISM CONFUCIANISM is an inner attitude, a method, copied from great nature, whereby man should contact and control his outer environment. There is a moral order of the universe "how active it is everywhere! Invisible to the eyes and impalpable to the senses, it is inherent in all things, and nothing can escape its operation." Therefore it abides in man also. He cannot escape it for one instant; "a law from which we may escape is not the moral law." The moral order of the macrocosm has to be enquired into; with veneration it should be studied; man must find out how he is the exact copy of that macrocosm and how the same moral order governs both. Ethics more than metaphysics, moral worth more than intellectual acquisition, are the means recommended. The life of the moral man is an exemplification of the universal moral order.... The life of the vulgar person is a contradiction of that order.... To find the central clue to our moral being which unites us to the universal order, that indeed is the highest human attainment.... The wise mistake moral law for something higher than what it really is; and the foolish do not know enough what moral law really is.... The noble natures want to live too high, high above their moral ordinary self; and the ignoble do not live up to their moral ordinary self. There is no one who does not eat and drink. But few there are who really know the taste of what they eat and drink.

79. Confucius And Confucianism Resources At Erratic Impact's Philosophy Research Bas Confucius and confucianism resources at Erratic Impact s Philosophy Research Base. Resources include annotated links to new and used books, online texts, http://www.erraticimpact.com/~ancient/html/confucius.htm

Ancient Index Used Book Search Organizations Perseus Project ... Chinese Philosophy Confucius Dogen Indian Philosophy Lao Tzu Zen ... Advertising Confucius / Confucianism Confucianism Texts Chinese Philosophy Texts Know of a Resource? Chinese Philosophy A page of listings. Including: Wesleyan Chinese Philosophical Etext Archive The Philosopher Confucius The Taoism Information Page Lao Tze's ... Confucius.org.uk Colin Hoad An expert introduction to the great Chinese philosopher, sage and teacher K'ung Fu Tzu (Confucius) with extensive resources on Chinese history, Confucian texts and Confucianism itself. Introduction: Su Tzu's Philosophy Page This page has been designed for the purpose of organizing the resources on Chinese philosophy that can be found in the 'cyberspace'. It is my goal in setting up this page to attract more people, who are interested in searching for the answers of their life, not to limit themselves within the scope of traditional Western philosophies, but to open themselves to some alternatives offered by several schools of Chinese philosophy. Site Includes: General Info Confucius Mencius Lao Tzu ... Add URL A service for the online network of worldwide philosophers erraticimpact.com

80. Confucianism: A Brief Introduction Presentation of the Confuciaian religious tradition, primarily in China. http://www.interfaithcalendar.org/Confucianism.htm

Families of Religions Confucianism No deity One Deity Multiple Deities No Deity Combinations Confucianism,one of the three major religion traditions in China, is based on the teachings of K'ung-fu-tzu (552-479 bce), known in the west as Confucius. This secular "religion" focuses on the conduct and practices of people in daily life - the creation of a society based on virtue. Primary relationships are between parents and children, especially fathers and sons. Cardinal virtues include Benevolence, Duty, Manners, Wisdom, and Faithfulness. Centered in China, the coexisting ideas and practices of Confucianism and Taoism influence Asia and to a lesser degree, other world cultures. Links: Confucianism primer Basic information and links to a variety of sources that include texts and descriptions Update Return to Families of Religions Home Page

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