41. What Is Bushido? The moral code principals that developed among the samurai (military) class of Japan, on a basis of national tradition influenced by Zen and confucianism. http://www.shotokai.cl/filosofia/06_ee_.html

What is Bushido? This term refers to the moral code principals that developed among the samurai (military) class of Japan, on a basis of national tradition influenced by Zen and Confucianism . The first use of the term apparently occured during the civil war period of the 16th century; its precise content varied historically as samurai standards evolved. Its one unchanging ideal was martial spirit, including athletic and military skills as well as fearless facing of the enemy in battle. Frugal living, kindness and honesty were also highly regarded. Like Confucianism, Bushido required filial piety; but, originating in the feudal system, it also held that supreme honour was to serve one's lord unto death. If these obligations conflicted, the samurai was bound by loyalty to his lord despite the suffering he might cause to his parents. The final rationalization of Bushido thought occured during the Tokugawa period (17th century ff.), when Yamaga Soko (1622-85) equated the samurai with the Confucian "superior man" and taught that his essential function was to exemplify virtue to the lower classes. Without disregarding the basic Confucian virtue, benevolence, Soko enphasized the second virtue, righteousness, which he interpreted as "obligation" or "duty". This strict code of honour, affecting matters of life and death, demanded conscious choice and so fostered individual initiative while yet reasserting the obligations of loyalty and filial piety. Obedience to authority was stressed, but duty came first even if it entailed violation of statue law. In such an instance, the true samurai would prove his sincerity and expiate his crime against the government by subsequently taking his own life.

42. Confucius, K Ung-fu-tzu The hostility to profit that can occur in confucianism thus has to compete While the practice of confucianism was not entirely consistent with these http://www.friesian.com/confuci.htm

43. Won Buddhism* Article regarding the moral systems of confucianism and Buddhism. http://ccbs.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-JOCP/chung2.htm

Won Buddhism*: A Synthesis of The Moral Systems of Confucianiam And Buddhism Bongkil Chung Journal of Chinese Philosophy Vol.15 1988 P.425-448 Honolulu, U.S.A.

44. Confucianism - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia However, there are recent signs of a revival of confucianism in mainland China. The nations most strongly influenced by confucianism include China, Korea, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucianism

Confucianism From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Confucianism Pinyin rºjiā, literally " The School of the Scholars "; or, less accurately, 孔教 kà ng ji o, "The Religion of Kong") is an East Asian ethical and philosophical system originally developed from the teachings of Confucius Debated during the Warring States Period and forbidden during the short-lived Qin Dynasty , Confucianism was chosen by Han Wudi for use as a political system to govern the Chinese state. Despite its loss of influence during the Tang Dynasty , Confucianist doctrine remained a mainstream Chinese orthodoxy for two millennia until the beginning of the 20th century , when it was vigorously repressed by Chinese Communism . However, there are recent signs of a revival of Confucianism in mainland China The nations most strongly influenced by Confucianism include China Korea Japan Singapore ... Taiwan , and Vietnam Zhu Xi and other Neo-Confucians gave Confucianism renewed vigour in the Song and later dynasties. Neo-Confucianism combined Taoist and Buddhist ideas with existing Confucian ideas to create a more complete metaphysics than had ever existed before. Confucianism as it exists today is primarily a creation of Zhu Xi and the other Neo-Confucians.

45. Half Man Half Shark Personal details. Family genealogy and photos. confucianism section. Projects (current development and recent). http://www.mrnguyen.com/

ABOUT A n average Vietnamese-born overcomes a jaded life through Rage Against The Machine - a seven years experiment to keep a journal of my everyday life transition to adulthood. It was this interest that led me to start this weblog, the last journal entry was 3 days ago. Alex and Dan graduation party ...Alex, Benjamin, Sussan, Tin and Jin was there, its almost like a Chesso highschool reunion! Posted on: Sat, 17 Sep 2005 03:17:24 +1000 Career ...I've been busy working, the hours are long, always act in good faith and in the best interest of the company. At times I feel my talents are wasting away, I wont wait around for another 7 years to get into management, 7 years stands in the way of progress. Take some risks, like a kid playing the board game of snake, jumping ahead and avoid beaten by the snakes. You'll come out on top or die trying. This life is too short to play safe. So I decided to transfer all my university credits and together with my commercial experience to enroll in the a master degree . Once I'm out I'll be involve more into planning, decision making and managing, no more winding about in Information Technology. The plan is to be on the board of managers before my 30th birthday. And then its oversea for me.

46. Neo-Confucianism - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia The term should not be mistaken for New confucianism which is an effort to apply Neoconfucianism was essentially a response by the Confucians to the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Confucianism

Neo-Confucianism From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Neo-Confucianism Pinyin : Lǐxu©) is a term for a form of Confucianism that was primarily developed during the Song dynasty , but which can be traced back to Han Yu and Li Ao in the Tang dynasty . The term should not be mistaken for New Confucianism which is an effort to apply Confucianism to the 21st century. Neo-Confucianism was essentially a response by the Confucians to the dominance of the Taoists and Buddhists . Neo-Confucians such as Zhu Xi recognized that the Confucian system of the time did not include a thoroughgoing metaphysical system and so devised one. There were of course many competing views within the Neo-Confucian community, but overall, a system emerged that resembled both Buddhist and Daoist thought of the time and some of the ideas expressed in the Book of Changes (I Ching) as well as other yin yang theories associated with the Taiji symbol ( Taijitu ). A well known Neo-Confucian motif is paintings of Confucius Buddha , and Lao Tzu all drinking out of the same vinegar jar, paintings associated with the slogan "The three teachings are one!"

47. What Confucius Thought A brief summary of the basic concepts behind one of the world's oldest philosophies, Chinese confucianism. http://www.heptune.com/confuciu.html

What Confucius Thought by Megaera Lorenz Confucius, since he lived in a war-torn society, was largely concerned with improving government and society. He was convinced that the problem with government and society was a lack of virtue. There were not enough government workers of the ideal kind that Confucius's pupil Zizhang described: A public servant who on confronting danger is prepared to lay down his life, who on confronting gain concentrates on what is right, who when sacrificing concentrates on reverence, who when mourning concentrates on grief should definitely be all right. (19:1, Analects This description covers most of the qualities Confucius considered virtuous: sincerity and a willingness to learn, minimal desire for material things, and loyalty. Other factors important in being virtuous included self cultivation, filial piety, extensive knowledge of ritual and poetry, humility, and a good grasp on how to conduct oneself when dealing with other people. Confucius also thought that how you go about trying to achieve something is more important than actually achieving it. Confucius believed that, because the rulers at his time were not virtuous, they did not please the common people (another important requirement for good government), and incited attacks on themselves from the other warring states. He pointed to the actions of successful historical figures as examples of good and virtuous behavior.

48. The Great Learning (ta Hsüeh) - Confucianism - Canon Themes Confucius (kong Zi, comparativereligion.com - an ever expanding resource for world religious thought and literature, covering major world religions, alternative spirituality, http://www.comparative-religion.com/confucianism/great_learning/

CONFUCIANISM CONFUCIANISM THE ANALECHTS BOOK OF MENCIUS THE GREAT LEARNING DOCTRINE OF THE MEAN MAIN SITE COMPARATIVE RELIGION INTERFAITH DIALOGUE FORUM ABOUT MAIN SECTIONS WORLD RELIGIONS ALTERNATIVE SPIRITUALITY ANCIENT MYTHOLOGY GENERAL ARTICLES SPECIAL FEATURE: APOCRYPHA DIRECTORY ADVERTISING: SECURITY RESOURCES BRITECORP MARKETING COMMUNITY FORUMS MONOTHEISM EASTERN THOUGHT ALTERNATIVE SPIRITUALITY ANCIENT MYTHOLOGY COMPARATIVE STUDIES comparative religion confucianism the great learning the great learning (ta hsüeh) - confucius What the Great Learning teaches, is to illustrate illustrious virtue; to renovate the people; and to rest in the highest excellence. The point where to rest being known, the object of pursuit is then determined; and, that being determined, a calm unperturbedness may be attained to. To that calmness there will succeed a tranquil repose. In that repose there may be careful deliberation, and that deliberation will be followed by the attainment of the desired end. Things have their root and their branches. Affairs have their end and their beginning. To know what is first and what is last will lead near to what is taught in the Great Learning. The ancients who wished to illustrate illustrious virtue throughout the kingdom, first ordered well their own states. Wishing to order well their states, they first regulated their families. Wishing to regulate their families, they first cultivated their persons. Wishing to cultivate their persons, they first rectified their hearts. Wishing to rectify their hearts, they first sought to be sincere in their thoughts. Wishing to be sincere in their thoughts, they first extended to the utmost their knowledge. Such extension of knowledge lay in the investigation of things.

49. Neo Confucianism An overview of the NeoConfucian doctrines adopted under Japan's Tokugawa Shogunate (1603-1867). http://www.willamette.edu/~rloftus/neoconfucianism.html

CONFUCIANISM IN THE EDO (TOKUGAWA) PERIOD In Japan, the official guiding philosophy of the Tokugawa period (1603-1867) was Neo-Confucianism. This philosophy profoundly influenced the thought and behaviour of the educated class. The tradition, introduced into Japan from China by Zen Buddhists in the medieval period, provided a heavenly sanction for the existing social order. In the Neo-Confucian view, harmony was maintained by a reciprocal relationship of justice between a superior, who was urged to be benevolent, and a subordinate, who was urged to be obedient and to observe propriety. The Chinese Neo-Confucian scholar Chu Hsi's (aka Zhu Xi) ideas were the most influential, but they were by no means the only ones studied in the Tokugawa period. Here are the four main elements of Neo-Confucianism which influenced Japan: 1) Fundamental rationalism a. stressed objective reason as the basis of learning and conduct b. pursued the "investigation of thing" as described in The Great Learning c. studied the constant laws of nature and human society (as opposed

50. Tokugawa Neo-Confucianism So he turned to Neoconfucianism to provide a basis for the rational This is an odd twist in the history of confucianism, for confucianism and http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/TOKJAPAN/NEO.HTM

Japan Glossary Bakufu Daimyo system of government, the bakufu , or military, government of the Tokugawa shogunate reserved the right to inspect the 250 or so autonomous territories, or han under the control of various daimyo . In order to oversee all these territories, about three-fourths of Japan, and autonomous daimyo , the Tokugawa shogunate established an elaborate bureaucracy modelled after the Chinese imperial bureaucracy. Although Confucianism had been rooted in Japan since the sixth century A.D., it had largely been confined to Buddhist monasteries; however, Tokugawa Ieyasu turned to Confucianism, particularly Neo-Confucianism, as he began to build the bureaucracy which would eventually bring about over 260 years of domestic peace. Fujiwara Seika met Fujiwara Seika (1561-1619) long before he rose to the shogunate and still served under Toyotomi Hideyoshi . Seika was a devoted student of China and Chinese poetry, and became convinced that the most important advance in China was the establishment of Neo-Confucianism as the official orthodoxy. Its great virtue was its secularity; it focussed on the rational understanding of the human and material worlds.

51. Confucianism/ - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Article from this openlyedited encyclopedia. http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucianism/

Confucianism/ From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. View one deleted edit Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. Start the Confucianism/ article Search for Confucianism/ in other articles. Look for Confucianism/ in Wiktionary, our sister dictionary project. Look for Confucianism/ in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video. Look for pages linking to this page If you have created this page in the past few minutes and it has not yet appeared, it may not be visible due to a delay in updating the database. Try purge , otherwise please wait and check again later before attempting to recreate the page. If you created an article under this title previously, it may have been deleted. See candidates for speedy deletion for possible reasons. Retrieved from " http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucianism/ Views Article Discussion Edit this page Personal tools Create account / log in Navigation Main Page Community portal Current events Recent changes ... Donations Search Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages ... About Wikipedia

52. SOME MING BUDDHIST RESPONSES TO NEO-CONFUCIANISM A 1988 paper by ChunFang Yu in the Journal of Chinese Philosophy, reviewing these replies to Neo-Confucian attacks on Buddhist doctrine. http://ccbs.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-JOCP/yu.htm

SOME MING BUDDHIST RESPONSES TO NEO-CONFUCIANISM Chun-Fang Yu Journal of Chinese Philosophy 1988 by Dialogue Publishing Company,Honolulu,Hawaii, U.S.A

53. Japanese Confucianism About confucianism in Japan. Introduction to Japanese Neoconfucianism of the Edo period. Works by Confucius (The Internet Classic Archive) http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2300.html

Travel Living Japan A-Z Forum ... Religion Confucianism Search this site Related Pages Religion History Shinto Buddhism japan-guide.com newsletter Our newsletter keeps you up to date on Japan travel and living related issues and site updates. Click here to subscribe! japan-guide.com forum Any questions? Ask them on the question forum Travel Topics Travel Tour Packages Car Rental Hotel Reservations ... Organized Tours The great philosopher Confucius (Kong Fu Zi) lived in China from 551 to 479 BC. Confucianism is one of the three traditional Chinese religions besides Taoism and Buddhism . According to early Japanese writings, it was introduced to Japan via Korea in the year 285 AD. Some of the most important Confucian principles are humanity, loyality, morality and consideration on an individual and political level. Neo-Confucianism (especially Chu Hsi Confucianism) was the most important philosophy of Tokugawa Japan in government and education. Its influence on Japanese society has been intensive which is still obvious today. Any advice or question?

54. Confucianism And Taoism Digital Texts Resources confucianism and Taoism Digital Texts Resources. Part of Charles Muller s Resources for the Study of East Asian Language and Thought http://www.hm.tyg.jp/~acmuller/contaolink.htm

Confucianism and Taoism Digital Texts Resources Part of Charles Muller's Resources for the Study of East Asian Language and Thought Maintained by Dr. Charles Muller , Toyo Gakuen University [acmuller@toyogakuen-u.ac.jp] Established: 1995.7.30 Updated: 2000.04.17 Dokisha Home Page (At Kyoto University Humanities Institute) : A steadily growing collection of essential Buddhist, Confucian and Taoist e-texts,in JIS, Big5 and GB encodements. Presently seems to be the largest site for Japanese-encoded classical texts. An active project, so worthwhile to recheck frequently. Academia Sinica Text Retrieval System: (Taiwan) World's largest online collection of searchable Chinese texts. In Big5 code. Wesleyan Neo-Confucian Etext Project : Organized by Dr. Steven Angle. An excellent and continually developing site, which houses Chinese philosophical texts ranging from the earliest classics to the Qing period. Encoded in Big-5. Fabrizio Pregadio's Taoist Alchemical Texts Fabrizio Pregadio's Chinese Medical Classics E-Texts , including the Suwen (209Kb), Lingshu (168 Kb), Nanjing (31 Kb), Shanghan lun (180 Kb), Jingui yaolue (81 Kb), Shennong bencao jing (36 Kb), Bian Que - Canggong liezhuan (from the Shiji) (20 Kb) [Big5]." Lao Sze-Kwang's Lexicon of Confucianism : Definitions of terms, bibliographical entries in Chinese.

55. Professor Lao Sze-kwang, Lexicon Of Confucianism Lexicon of confucianism. Lexicon of confucianism by Lao Szekwang. String to search for. Search full text Search headwords only All categories http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/ConfLex/

Lexicon of Confucianism by Lao Sze-kwang String to search for: Search full text Search headwords only All categories Personalities Concepts Boolean Help Browse - categories Browse - alphabetical The Chinese University of Hong Kong Beta Version only! Please use Big5 Chinese for data entry!

56. Confucianism, Confucius, Symbols, The Jen Notes by J. Dominguez on the basic attibutes of this philosophy. http://www.religion-cults.com/Eastern/Confucianism/confuci.htm

Confucianism Confucianism is a "code of conduct" to live this life, and it has had a tremendous impact on how the Chinese live their lives... with a great influence in Chinese government, education, and attitudes toward correct personal behavior and the individual duties to society. - No church nor clergy; no teaching on the worship of God or gods, or life after death. Confucianism is actually a philosophy of life, not a Religion. .. like Buddhism. Founded in China by Kung-futze , "master Kung", known as Confucius (551-479 AC). Confucius wanted to be a politician, even a Prime Minister, but he failed... and dedicated to preach good moral conduct... after his death he is the Chinese most influential in the history of China, and had all the honors he never had in life: The Government ordered the "worship of Confucius", and named him the "Co-Assessor with the deities of Heaven and Earth". His precepts and principles were incorporated into the Chinese Law in 210 BC. His way to please God or the gods is through a "good conduct" with your family, neighbors, and society... if you are a good person, God is going to like you, as we already commented in Taoism.

57. Confucianism. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 confucianism. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 200105. http://www.bartleby.com/65/co/Confucia.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Confucianism (k nfy n z m) ( KEY ) , moral and religious system of China. Its origins go back to the

58. MSN Encarta - Confucianism Search Encarta about confucianism Editors Picks. Great books about your topic, confucianism, selected by Encarta editors. Click here http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761553693/Confucianism.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Upgrade your Encarta Experience Spend less time searching and more time learning. Learn more Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items Chinese Philosophy Confucius more... Further Reading Editors' picks for Confucianism Search for books and more related to Confucianism Encarta Search Search Encarta about Confucianism Editors' Picks Great books about your topic, Confucianism ... Click here Advertisement document.write(' Confucianism Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 2 items Article Outline Introduction Teachings of Confucius Followers of Confucius Neo-Confucianism ... Contemporary Confucianism I Introduction Print Preview of Section Confucianism , an intellectual, political, and religious tradition, or school of thought, that developed a distinct identity in the 5th century bc from the teachings of Chinese philosopher Confucius . In Chinese the name for this tradition is Rujia (also spelled Ju-chia ), meaning “School of the Scholars.” Confucianism advocates reforming government, so that it works for the benefit of the people, and cultivating virtue, especially in government officials. It encourages respect for elders and legitimate authority figures, for traditional beliefs, for ritual practices, for education, and for close family bonds. Confucianism began in China , but it spread from there to Korea Japan , and Vietnam II Teachings of Confucius Print Preview of Section Little is known for certain about the life of Confucius. Many traditional stories about him are now regarded as myths. Our most reliable source of information about him and his beliefs is the

59. Confucianism confucianism is little concerned with metaphysical discussion of religion or with spiritual Cultivation of virtue is a central tenet of confucianism. http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0001471.html

var zflag_nid="162"; var zflag_cid="57/1"; var zflag_sid="53"; var zflag_width="728"; var zflag_height="90"; var zflag_sz="14"; in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Daily Almanac for Sep 20, 2005 Skip Navigation Home Almanacs ... Word of the Day Editor's Favorites Hispanic Heritage Month Hurricane Katrina Daylight Saving Time Ramadan ... Mississippi Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map College Center Scholarship Search College Resources Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips Society and Culture Religion Major Religions of the World Confucianism Confucius (K'ung Fu-tzu), born in the state of Lu (northern China), lived from 551 to 479 B.C. He was a brilliant teacher, viewing education not merely as the accumulation of knowledge but as a means of self-transformation. His legacy was a system of thought emphasizing education, proper behavior, and loyalty. His effect on Chinese culture was immense. The teachings of Confucius are contained in the Analects , a collection of his sayings as remembered by his students. They were further developed by philosophers such as Mencius (Meng Tse, fl. 400

60. The Atlantic Online Article published in The Atlantic in 1999. Considers the modern revival of confucianism in the light of recent scholarship which questions confucianism's historical origins and the appropriateness of confucianism as a general term. http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/99apr/9904confucius.htm

Home Current Issue Back Issues Premium Archive ... Subscriber Help Browse >> Foreign Affairs Subscribe to our free e-mail newsletters This article is viewable only by Atlantic subscribers. If you are not yet a subscriber, please consider subscribing online now . In addition to receiving a full year (ten issues) of the print magazine at a rate far below the newsstand price, you will be granted instant access to everything The Atlantic Online Click here to join us as an Atlantic subscriber. If you are already a subscriber, and have previously registered for access to the Web site, please log in above. If you are already a subscriber, but have not yet registered for access to the Web site, click here to do so. Home Current Issue Back Issues Forum ... Search

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