61. Erlang University An Erlang online course. History, sequential programming, concurrent programming, error handling and advanced topics. http://www.erlang.org/course/course.html

An Erlang Course This is the content of the Erlang course. This course usually takes four days to complete. It is divided into 5 modules and has a number of programming exercises This course is available in various formats: For on-line reading at http://www.erlang.org/course/course.html A Zip archive that contains the HTML files. A gzipped TAR archive that contains the HTML files. A PDF file. Module 1 - History A short history of the Erlang language describing how Erlang was developed and why we had to invent a new language. Module 2 - Sequential Programming Symbolic data representation, how pattern matching is used to pack/unpack data, how functions are combined to form programs etc. Module 3 - Concurrent Programming Creating an Erlang process, communication between Erlang processes. Module 4 - Error handling Covers error handling and the design of robust systems. Module 5 - Advanced Topics All those tricky things like loading code in running systems, exception handling etc.

62. Language And System Support For Concurrent Programming Rollover Popup Hints for Topic Navigation Buttons above pixel. Language and System Support for concurrent programming http://www.sei.cmu.edu/publications/documents/cms/cm.025.html

Publications Home Lists of SEI Reports Recent Reports Annual Report Books news@sei File Formats Paper Copies of SEI Reports FAQ Language and System Support for Concurrent Programming Curriculum Module Feldman, M. (The George Washington University) This curriculum module is concerned with support for concurrent programming provided to the application programmer by operating systems and programming languages. This includes system calls and language constructs for process creation, termination, synchronization, and communication, as well as nondeterministic language constructs such as the selective wait and timed call. Several readily available languages are discussed and compared; concurrent programming using system services of the UNIX operating system is introduced for the sake of comparison and contrast. SEI-CM-25 download the PostScript file The Software Engineering Institute (SEI) is a federally funded research and development center sponsored by the U.S. Department of Defense and operated by Carnegie Mellon University. by Carnegie Mellon University URL: http://www.sei.cmu.edu/publications/documents/cms/cm.025.html

63. SmallAda A compiler/interpreter for a part of the Ada language, namely the Pascal subset plus the Ada tasking support. It is not intended ever to be a full Ada compiler, rather a vehicle for teaching, learning, and experimenting with concurrent programming. The compiler is quite fast, producing Pcode which is then interpreted by the interpreter. (ZIP) http://www.readyideas.com/ada/SMALLADA.ZIP

¯h!ØS7»Üq­îŸŽBÝpà •IjñîÔRŠZLR×o¢®_¢®¦–‹¢®ç¦–‹¢ÏQKw§®§¨¥$µrµr_êFQÔJnêFQÔÒ9jùîÔJŠZNR·n¢n]¦¾B¹Y”r+·r³(eö˜Žé¢;:¢‹þù钔.Éq)¼Fô6 ~PK[x3 <9´‹B·OÝNC«ÚlŒ$E‡ØN@^‰Ue <û¼ÎSéii¤‹ Ÿ×ô)þà "þ¥2üói£+í€Ìù5»ñgh ÐA¥] <³ø [e±”É9ž”$sçd8ôϪf¯±¶Ô †ã, 4X5q°4¶Jk‰p2gaK×vÙÔDxƶkXšieSCÉ k·ÀƖêc™ÉÆÍ~ <ˆE°ÈÏ %,·†XÈá8ÀžÉÙO] éN*)OF#o# û <¼  ‹Ç %R×,t ™xÐC‹I¸÷bà1 <‰±ïãcÀAÆqœE%4­¨?´Á@¤HÉÚHtìėÑ$k[£=R1 ó°V <ðÞE‡~ì_0cîÆ,B1tiÑ#q -Mì+¸ý1 “±àEìÇ1„¤³c Ž Í¶¯áBÈ-„¡Løº‰ŒkÑ™˜† 4¹•x17ãa <7ñ.¶a´·‘_ä  à <Š—±qú CÑIHà Ü  f Fà ü†àhÊŸâÎÁ`¤má ¬Â«xÛñ+þB-t1l½1·a2fcŠñÖ`އ_à N ,6/.=1#p'Vá#üŒð8Ú#z¢?æà~lÄ 4§~°±GQ¨Ú < /qçԊt` <^Ä[x¥ø §q Ú֔+:#£1 w!ài <†—ñ1"ƒ6·~5hØÜzvá´ ÞÜz¬XJŒÙÜún <ý©H¬Ïbu:T± '½.s¾¡R"zß'€” <#—ücji¯üt([å <-¡Bé󫕩h±^ÆiOy]¡D®X^ºËÎÖ®ðKNWúï*ê£À݉,×Ée^+røà ™ºÈ‡g.ü­QC '’Mj†¸»ïjjÝÛÜqMÊÝ)­Æ¿?j–î鏪 <ÉÛÞXV¬ <¬Þ×ñ/ä™á™Dï[ µ8Œ=îx!bt~4Úè <þ[ÔàltU;]ÆÂÊÊ«Œ¥Ö ÖÒª¤ŠÕk­E(ºb5ž <‡E ~ŠÁÏ]sXDüèitt¯IzôL"S3AÇ$e6hmÉu$dêT驉ÒUBurX¬U <´¿k2;üþˆ“6Gº˜ƒÊ"*oûº¾Í¢÷Ó£cßãTÎ <¹'Oþz 7ÏhÞ(Qx28üœÉà  3i£‘3[åÙÇ% <ã]b†Ñ(¦7‰©Æ=b²qi8]vd‘qoISْ÷v]ŒÁGcTy^üó¹ Yñ€îeP ‡ôw€ž`Ð^@Ï0è1@q¥µ€píÜé×ý:#å‘"D1(²âûuɁ < B <2¾š¼¸»ãx)˜ú là ¿ëvôuà ² 5 JÜr.ö,®Lu2¶Lu¾Hâ×kSÕ)

64. Concepts Of Concurrent Programming A concurrent program is one defining actions that may be performed simultaneously. This module discusses the nature of such programs and provides an http://www.sei.cmu.edu/publications/documents/cms/cm.024.html

Publications Home Lists of SEI Reports Recent Reports Annual Report Books news@sei File Formats Paper Copies of SEI Reports FAQ Concepts of Concurrent Programming Curriculum Module Bustard, D. (University of Ulster) A concurrent program is one defining actions that may be performed simultaneously. This module discusses the nature of such programs and provides an overview of the means by which they may be constructed and executed. Emphasis is given to the terminology used in this field and the underlying concepts involved. SEI-CM-24 download the PostScript file The Software Engineering Institute (SEI) is a federally funded research and development center sponsored by the U.S. Department of Defense and operated by Carnegie Mellon University. by Carnegie Mellon University URL: http://www.sei.cmu.edu/publications/documents/cms/cm.024.html Last Modified: 22 February 2005

65. Cancellation Discussion of thread cancellation techniques in Java. (excerpt from Doug Lea's concurrent programming in Java book) http://g.oswego.edu/dl/cpj/cancel.html

Concurrent Programming in Java Doug Lea Cancellation This set of excerpts from section 3.1 includes the main discussions of cancellation techniques that are further exemplified throughout the book. When activities in one thread fail or change course, it may be necessary or desirable to cancel activities in other threads, regardless of what they are doing. Cancellation requests introduce inherently unforeseeable failure conditions for running threads. The asynchronous nature of cancellation leads to design tactics reminiscent of those in distributed systems where failures may occur at any time due to crashes and disconnections. Concurrent programs have the additional obligation to ensure consistent states of internal objects participating in other threads. Cancellation is a natural occurrence in most multithreaded programs, seen in: Nearly any activity associated with a GUI CANCEL button. Media presentations (for example animation loops) associated with normally terminating activities. Threads that produce results that are no longer needed. For example, when multiple threads are used to search a database, once one thread returns an answer, the others may be cancelled.

66. Programming Concurrent Computer Systems B. Principles of Concurrent and Distributed Programming, M. BenAri, Prentice-Hall, 1990. B. concurrent programming - Principles and practice, GR Andrews, http://www.iist.unu.edu/home/Unuiist/newrh/II/2/1/12/page.html

Real-Time Systems: Specification, Verification, Refinement and Schedulability Course Descriptions Security: Principles, Techniques and Verification UNU-IIST Home Programming Concurrent Computer Systems II/2/1/12 Programming Concurrent Computer Systems Lecturer : Zhiming Liu Duration of the Course : about 23 hours Aims and Objectives The module will focus on basic concepts, principles and techniques in the programming of concurrent and distributed computing systems, and not on specific systems or languages. The students who master the material offered will be prepared not only to write concurrent programs or to read the research literature, but also to evaluate systems, algorithms and languages from a broad perspective. One cannot learn any programming technique without practising it. The practical classes will give students practice in solving problems, methods in design and skill in writing concurrent programs in a variety of language models exemplifying different programming paradigms. This module will provide the essential background for further study and research in distributed systems, real-times systems and fault-tolerant systems. Syllabus Break Away from Single Thread Computation Sequential programming, single processor system, sequential programming as total ordering (single-tread computation), multi-thread computation and its advantages, multi-processor system, concurrent programming as partial ordering, single-processor multitasking system, concurrent programming as interleaving. [3 hours]

67. Extending Java To Support Shared Resource Protection And Deadlock Detection In T Java threads enable programmers to write parallel programs very easily and conveniently. However, the current Java specification does not adequately provide for the protection of shared resources or for deadlock detection, two of the most common problems arising from parallel programs. The ability to solve these problems is crucial for Java concurrent programming. In this paper, we introduce and implement a model that can aid in writing parallel programs by providing shared resource protection and deadlock detection. Published in Crossroads, the ACM student magazine. http://www.acm.org/crossroads/xrds4-2/dynac.html

Extending Java to Support Shared Resource Protection and Deadlock Detection in Threads Programming by Anita J. Van Engen Michael K. Bradshaw Nathan Oostendorp Abstract Java threads enable programmers to write parallel programs very easily and conveniently. However, the current Java specification does not adequately provide for the protection of shared resources or for deadlock detection, two of the most common problems arising from parallel programs. The ability to solve these problems is crucial for Java concurrent programming. In this paper, we introduce and implement a model that can aid in writing parallel programs by providing shared resource protection and deadlock detection. Introduction The increasing use of parallel systems and programs in many different fields has brought new attention to how threads cooperate and share data. Parallel programs are used in such critical and sensitive environments as database operation and manipulation, data collection and system maintenance tasks. With an increasing emphasis being placed on the World Wide Web and on platform-independent tools, Java is positioned to become the language of choice for many applications, including parallel programming. While it provides some solid facilities for basic threads programming, Java does not adequately provide for shared resource protection or have the ability to detect deadlock. Adequate Java support for these features would make Java threads even more effective for parallel programming. Let us consider two simple applications that illustrate the need for these features. First, consider a bank with 2 ATM machines. Bob and Jane share an account with a current balance of $500, and they each make a different transaction at the exact same time. Bob wants to withdraw $100 and Jane wants to deposit $150. If this scenario proceeds, without provisions for data protection, the resulting balance will be either ($500 - 100) = $400 or ($500 + 150) = $650, both of which are incorrect. This, of course, does not happen, and the correct balance will include both transactions, leaving the final balance at ($500 - 100 + 150) = $550. Second, consider the Dining Philosophers scenario

68. Computer Programming/Concurrent Programming - Wikibooks 1.1 concurrent programming in specific languages. 2 External links Pioneers in the field of concurrent programming include Edsger Dijkstra and CAR Hoare http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Computer_programming/Concurrent_programming

Computer programming/Concurrent programming From Wikibooks Computer programming All bookshelves Science Computer Science ... Computer Programming Concurrent programming Contents See also Concurrent programming in specific languages External links Concurrent programming is a computer programming technique that provides for the execution of operations concurrently - either within a single computer, or across a number of systems. In the latter case, the term distributed computing is used. Multiprocessor machines achieve better performance by taking advantage of this kind of programming. In parallel programming, single tasks are split into a number of subtasks that can be computed relatively independently and then aggregated to form a single coherent solution. Parallel programming is most effective for tasks that can easily broken down into independent tasks such as purely mathematical problems, e.g. factorisation. One way to achieve parallel programming is through distributed computing , which is a method of information processing in which work is performed by separate computers linked through a communications network. Pioneers in the field of concurrent programming include Edsger Dijkstra and C. A. R. Hoare

69. Computer Programming/Concurrent Programming - Wikibooks Pioneers in the field of concurrent programming include Edsger Dijkstra and CAR Hoare. concurrent programming in specific languages http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Programming:Concurrent_programming

Computer programming/Concurrent programming From Wikibooks Computer programming (Redirected from Programming:Concurrent programming All bookshelves Science Computer Science ... Computer Programming Concurrent programming Contents See also Concurrent programming in specific languages External links Concurrent programming is a computer programming technique that provides for the execution of operations concurrently - either within a single computer, or across a number of systems. In the latter case, the term distributed computing is used. Multiprocessor machines achieve better performance by taking advantage of this kind of programming. In parallel programming, single tasks are split into a number of subtasks that can be computed relatively independently and then aggregated to form a single coherent solution. Parallel programming is most effective for tasks that can easily broken down into independent tasks such as purely mathematical problems, e.g. factorisation. One way to achieve parallel programming is through distributed computing , which is a method of information processing in which work is performed by separate computers linked through a communications network.

70. Futures And Concurrent Programming Futures and concurrent programming by Dion Almaer on 12/30, 0507 AM Futures and concurrent programming. Posted by Vic Cekvenich on December 30, http://www.theserverside.com/news/thread.tss?thread_id=30853

71. Nilsen Elektronikk As Makes 2 very small, open source realtime OSs for embedded systems, written in C proc RealTime Kernel, preemptive, mature; nesos Finite State Machine Operating System (FSMOS), modular, use concurrent programming methods in little time and space. Also nemon Boot and Debug Monitor; Embedded Web Servers. http://www.nilsenelektronikk.no/

Consultancy Services o Development of Digital and Analogue Hardware. System-on-FPGA development. o Real-time systems. Embedded web-servers. Connecting small widgets to Ethernet. o Linux Device Drivers. Embedded Linux. o Free Embedded Products Consultancy Services Friends Contact Info ... Meet the Crew Download Free RTOS Compact and efficient RTOS for embedded systems. Several different architectures. Source included. More Freeware: FSM Operating System Boot and Debug Monitor Embedded Web Server ... Norsk Web og Applet design: nilsen elektronikk as

72. Concurrent Programming Using The Java Language Since threads are builtin Java can be used for concurrent programming and developing multithreaded applications. In particular it can be used by http://oopweb.com/Java/Documents/ConcProgJava/Volume/bookInfo.html

Concurrent Programming Using Java In February 1998 Oxford University Press published Concurrent Programming: The Java Programming Language ISBN 0-19-511315-2 by Stephen J. Hartley of Drexel University. To order call 1-800-334-4249 or visit http://www.oup-usa.org/docs/0195113152.html Principal Purpose of the Book To give software professionals and operating systems and concurrent programming students experience writing concurrent programs in Java a well-known programming language. This will reinforce and increase their knowledge of semaphores monitors message passing remote procedure calls and the rendezvous as tools for concurrent thread synchronization and communication. Detailed Description of the Book The abundance of hype Java receives should not distract us from the fact that it has many excellent features for sequential programming: object-oriented no explicit pointers and no pointer arithmetic automatic garbage collection and no memory leaks strong typing platform independence and many compiler and run-time checks. The Java development kit comes with a rich collection of class libraries for data structures IO networking remote procedure calls and graphics. Since threads are built-in Java can be used for concurrent programming and developing multithreaded applications. In particular it can be used by instructors as the concurrency platform in operating systems and related courses to give students practice and experience in concurrent programming. Designed for students and professional programmers this books covers multithreading issues such as race conditions critical sections mutual exclusion and condition synchronization. Java programs that use semaphores and monitors are shown as examples. Next the book describes several thread communication tools: message passing the rendezvous and remote procedure calls also illustrated with Java examples. These tools are used extensively in client-server programming. An algorithm animation package written in Java is used in several of the example programs. The book concludes with a brief introduction to parallel processing with Java in a shared-memory multiprocessor or a distributed memory cluster environment.

73. OOPWeb.com - Concurrent Programming Using Java By Stephen J. Hartley http://oopweb.com/Java/Documents/ConcProgJava/VolumeFrames.html

74. Doug Lea's Workstation Author of concurrent programming in Java Design Principles And Patterns. There's a good collection of resources to Java, Object Oriented Programming and Design Patterns. Also, Lea's util.concurrent Java concurrency library is available here, as Public Domain. http://gee.cs.oswego.edu/dl/

Doug Lea's Home Page Surface mail: Doug Lea, Computer Science Department State University of New York at Oswego Oswego dl@cs.oswego.edu ... shortbio Documents Books Online supplement to the book Concurrent Programming in Java: Design Principles and Patterns , (second edition) published November 1, 1999 by Addison-Wesley HTML edition of the book Object Oriented System Development , by Dennis de Champeaux , Doug Lea, and Penelope Faure, originally published in 1993 by Addison-Wesley Software JSR166 (JDK1.5 java.util.concurrent and jsr166x) specs, etc. Version 1.3.4 of util.concurrent , a Java package containing locks, queues, thread pools etc. that was the precursor to java.util.concurrent. collections , a Java package that was a precursor to some JDK collections. Microscope : a cute Java applet. Version 2.8.2 of malloc.c , and malloc.h . Also a short article on the design of this memory allocator and some plots . Also a malloc tracer written by Wolfram Gloger and a sample trace . Also

75. OOSC 2: CONCURRENCY, DISTRIBUTION, CLIENT-SERVER AND THE INTERNET The text presents a new approach to concurrent programming making it possible to program concurrent systems (in particular Internet and clientserver http://archive.eiffel.com/doc/manuals/technology/concurrency/CONCURRENCY.html

Object-Oriented Software Construction, second edition: CONCURRENCY, DISTRIBUTION, CLIENT-SERVER AND THE INTERNET or: concurrency for the rest of us Bertrand Meyer, ISE Note This text is taken from chapter 25 of the book Object-Oriented Software Construction, second edition , Prentice Hall, 1997. For this particular chapter the version used is in fact not the final one, but a draft (close to the final version). It was made available a few months ago following discussions of concurrency on Usenet. We apologize for the obvious formatting deficiencies (margin notes appearing as improperly clipped inserts, figures sometimes clipped too). This text is only intended to give an idea of the actual book, which is of course properly formatted, using two colors and many figures; the accompanying CD has everything under the same format as the book, with all cross-references transformed into clickable hyperlinks. chapter table of contents This is an earlier draft of chapter 28 of the Object-Oriented Software Construction, second edition . This discussion also serves as a description of the concurrency mechanism (SCOOP) for ISE Eiffel. The text presents a new approach to concurrent programming making it possible to program concurrent systems (in particular Internet and client-server applications) with great simplicity . Basically, you use the elementary mechanism of O-O computation:

76. Multithreading, Distribution, Internet Programming Again if you look at concurrent programming languages you will see a variety of concurrent programming has long had the reputation, largely justified, http://archive.eiffel.com/doc/manuals/technology/concurrency/short/page.html

Multithreading, distribution and Internet programming can be easy Contents Introduction Separate objects Synchronization Duels ... For more details Introduction Five philosophers are seated around a table. Each thinks, then eats, then thinks again and so on; thinking does not require any utensil, but eating requires grabbing two forks, and there are only five forks, creating a contention problem. All right, you have seen this problem more often than you really care (although it might have been in its more recent, diversity-correct variant, involving rice and chopsticks). What you probably have not seen, however, is the simplest of all solutions: in class PHILOSOPHER , use the call eat left right where eat does not need to do anything special: eat FORK is do Nothing here (or perhaps a delay instruction) end That's it! More precisely that's it provided we have declared class FORK as separate class instead of just class . Calling a routine such as eat with "separate" arguments means that the caller will wait for all the corresponding object to be available. No semaphores, no Ada "accept" instructions, no Java "synchronized method" declarations; just say what separate objects you need, and the mechanism will grab them for you. There is also no need to state what concurrent architecture you are using. Concurrent programming comes in many flavors. What gets many people excited these days is multithreading, and indeed the philosophers and forks in this example can be assigned to threads on a multithreaded operating system. But why limit ourselves to multithreading? Threads share many properties with processes; we can use exactly the same model to describe concurrent execution of processes running on the same machine. Then again why limit ourselves to one machine? The processes can be on different computers on a local network. Why a local network? A process can be running in Santa Barbara and one in Tokyo, communicating through the Internet. Or they can be on a company's network, one of the process managing a client workstation and the other a database server (say).

77. Bookpool: Concurrent Programming In ML concurrent programming ML (CML), included as part of the SML of New Jersey Concepts in concurrent programming; 3. An introduction to Concurrent ML; 4. http://www.bookpool.com/sm/0521480892

help account NEW RELEASES BEST SELLERS ... LOG IN Concurrent Programming in ML John H. Reppy Cambridge University Press, Hardcover, Published August 1999, 308 pages, ISBN 0521480892 List Price: $55.00 Our Price: You Save: $5.50 (10% Off) Availability: In-Stock Be the First to Write a Review and tell the world about this title! Books on similar topics, in best-seller order: Programming Languages Other Programming Languages Programming Concurrent Programming ... Open Source Books from the same publisher, in best-seller order: Cambridge University Press Concurrent Programming ML (CML), included as part of the SML of New Jersey (SML/NJ) distribution, combines the best features of concurrent programming and functional programming. This practical, "how-to" book focuses on the use of concurrency to implement naturally concurrent applications. In addition to a tutorial introduction to programming in CML, the book presents three extended examples using CML for practical systems programming: a parallel software build system, a simple concurrent window manager, and an implementation of distributed tuple spaces. This book also illustrates advanced SML programming techniques, and includes a chapter on the implementation of concurrency using features provided by the SML/NJ system. It will be of interest to programmers, students, and professional researchers working in computer language development. Contents 1. Introduction; 2. Concepts in concurrent programming; 3. An introduction to Concurrent ML; 4. CML programming techniques; 5. Synchronization and communication mechanisms; 6. The rationale for CML; 7. A software build system; 8. A concurrent window system; 9. A CML implementation of Linda; 10. Implementing concurrency in SML/NJ; Appendix 1. CML reference manual; Appendix 2. The semantics of CML.

78. Bookpool: Concurrent Programming In Java: Design Principles And Patterns, 2nd Ed This makes concurrent programming an attractive yet challenging option for programmers using the Java programming language. http://www.bookpool.com/sm/0201310090

help account NEW RELEASES BEST SELLERS ... LOG IN Concurrent Programming in Java: Design Principles and Patterns, 2nd Edition View Larger Image Doug Lea Addison-Wesley, Paperback, 2nd edition, Published October 1999, 411 pages, ISBN 0201310090 List Price: $54.99 Our Price: You Save: $16.74 (30% Off) Availability: In-Stock Customer Reviews: 1 Average Customer Rating: Write a Review and tell the world about this title! People who purchase this book frequently purchase: Head First Design Patterns Eric Freeman, et al 37% Off! Java Threads, 3E Scott Oaks, et al 38% Off! Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software Erich Gamma, et al 30% Off! Pro Spring Rob Harrop, et al 38% Off! Books on similar topics, in best-seller order: Programming Languages Java Books from the same publisher, in best-seller order: Addison-Wesley In this second edition, you will find thoroughly updated coverage of the Javao 2 platform and new or expanded coverage of: Memory model Cancellation Portable parallel programming Utility classes for concurrency control The Java platform provides a broad and powerful set of APIs, tools, and technologies. One of its most powerful capabilities is the built-in support for threads. This makes concurrent programming an attractive yet challenging option for programmers using the Java programming language.

79. MultiLogo: A Study Of Children And Concurrent Programming What factors influence the learning of concurrent programming? What existing mental models To do that, some form of concurrent programming is needed. http://llk.media.mit.edu/papers/archive/MultiLogo.html

MultiLogo: A Study of Children and Concurrent Programming Mitchel Resnick Epistemology and Learning Group The Media Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology 20 Ames Street Room E15-312 Cambridge, MA 02139 mres@media.mit.edu Published in Interactive Learning Environments , vol. 1, no. 3 (1990). Abstract During the past decade, computer scientists have developed dozens of concurrent (or parallel ) programming languagues. These languages hold the promise of opening up exciting new applications for computers. But that will happen only if people can effectively learn, use, and understand these new languages. To explore these issues, I developed a concurrent extension to Logo (called MultiLogo), and I conducted an experimental study with a group of elementary-school students. The students used MultiLogo to control simple robotic devices built out of LEGO bricks. In analyzing the children's work, I develop three primary categories of MultiLogo programming bugs: problem-decomposition bugs, synchronization bugs, and object-oriented bugs. Based on the results, I recommend ways to improve the design and teaching of concurrent programming languages for non-experts. 1. Introduction

80. Redirecting To Http://www.cs.cornell.edu/ugrad/FBS-Article.htm Concurrent programs are notoriously difficult to get right. But 30 years ago, concurrent programs would be found only in the bowels of operating systems http://www.cs.cornell.edu/degreeprogs/ugrad/uphilos/OnConcurrentProgramming/

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